EP0799948A1 - Cladding element as well as method for its mounting - Google Patents

Abstract

A covering in two parts (16,17) is fixed by a rail (24) to the masonry. The lower (17) and upper (16) parts of the covering are displaced from each other by about the thickness of the lower part. The base of the lower part covers a portion of the upper part of the next covering. The fixing rail has two sloping fixing edges (26,27). The rear face of the covering has two fixing lips (19,20a) which engage the rail sloping edges. In this way the each part of the covering is independently supported. The first anchoring lip of each covering element is located at the base of the upper part (16) of the second lip. It is located in the base of a beading (20) on the rear face of the covering.

Description

The present invention relates to a cladding element as well as its method of installation.

Cladding consists in coating a wall or any flat surface with a product such as for example a tile, a slab, or any covering element.

The difficulty of the cladding is essentially linked to the fact that it is necessary to ensure a perfect resistance of the elements despite the bad weather and the climatic variations, while avoiding having a system too static. In addition, the existing devices do not allow any flexibility in the positioning of the cladding elements, so that the installation of the known cladding requires a very exact preliminary layout in order to determine in advance the cutting of the elements at the precise points that are the upper parts, lower parts, lighters, lintels, etc.

The object of the present invention is to propose a cladding element and its method of positioning, having the advantage of ensuring both the holding of each element while obtaining a variable covering margin and therefore a visible part, called a "gauge". ", variable, which facilitates the installation of cladding elements.

European patent OSAWA n ° 0.190.377 describes a cladding device comprising on the one hand a plate, fixed to the wall, comprising a plurality of fins cut by stamping, and on the other hand a cladding element in two parts, a upper part and a lower part, these two parts being offset relative to each other by the thickness of the lower part so that the base of the lower part of an element overlaps a portion of the the top part ; the rear face of said cladding element comprising a groove in which is embedded, without play, the edge of a fin so as to ensure both the suspension of the cladding element and its resistance to wind. However, this device is not satisfactory: the installation of each cladding element is meticulous, which takes far too long; the wind resistance is insufficient to the point that a layer of fixing mortar is necessary, and it is impossible to vary the gauge.

Patent WO 86/07402, in the name of ALLIED RESSOURCE MANAGEMENT describes a device comprising a fixing rail provided with two hooked edges so as to simultaneously support two cladding elements located one above the other, these two elements being only contiguous and consequently comprising no overlapping part. The fixation thus obtained is good, but obviously it is absolutely impossible to vary the gauge since there is none.

In French Patent No. 2,388,102 in the name of LUDOWICI, a device for covering the facade or cladding has been described comprising on the one hand a support rail or batten, fixed to the wall and on the other hand a cladding element in two parts, an upper part and a lower part, these two parts being offset relative to each other by the thickness of the lower part so that the base or foot of the lower part of an element comes in covering over a portion of the upper part; the rear face of said cladding element having, in the vicinity of its base, a rib provided with a hook-shaped groove ensuring both the suspension of the cladding element and its resistance to wind. In this device, the foot of a cladding element is used to hold the upper part of the cladding element located immediately below, as in patent EP 0.190.377. This device according to French Patent No. 2,388,102 is not satisfactory for the same reasons as those indicated above for the EP patent 0.190.377: each element being held only at one point and having to cooperate in addition to maintaining the element located below, it follows that the wind resistance of such cladding is poor; furthermore, no variation of the gauge is possible.

The present invention relates to a facade covering device or cladding to overcome the drawbacks of known systems, that is to say to obtain both; a variable gauge; excellent wind resistance and relative flexibility of the cladding, the covering elements being able to slide slightly over one another as a function of temperature variations.

It relates to a cladding device comprising a fixing means fixed to the masonry and a cladding element in two parts, a lower part and an upper part offset from the latter by about the thickness of the lower part, the base of the lower part covering a portion of the upper part, characterized in that the fixing means is a rail comprising two oblique fixing edges and the rear face of the cladding element comprising two fixing spoilers coming to engage on the two oblique edges of the fixing rail.

• La figure 1 représente une vue de profil d'un procédé de bardage connu ;
• La figure 2 représente une vue de profil d'un deuxième procédé de bardage connu ;
• La figure 3 est une vue en perspective de l'élément de bardage selon l'invention ;
• La figure 4 est une vue de côté de l'élément de bardage de la figure 3 ;
• La figure 5 est une vue de profil illustrant la pose de l'élément de bardage en combinaison avec son profilé.

The invention will be better understood with the aid of the description which will follow with reference to the accompanying drawings showing by way of nonlimiting example a form of the cladding element and its method of installation as well as a representation of two cladding methods already used in the field.

• Figure 1 shows a side view of a known cladding process;
• FIG. 2 represents a profile view of a second known cladding method;
• Figure 3 is a perspective view of the cladding element according to the invention;
• Figure 4 is a side view of the cladding element of Figure 3;
• Figure 5 is a side view illustrating the installation of the cladding element in combination with its profile.

Figure 1 shows a cladding device known to those skilled in the art which consists of a cladding element 1, consisting of a front facing face 2 and a rear face 3 comprising at least two hooking strips 4 and in this case, four hooking rods in the form of a hook so as to allow the suspension of the element 1 from a longitudinal section 5 fixed horizontally on the wall or wall 6 to be covered.

The profile is made up of two curved sections: a top panel 5 'and a bottom panel 5 ". Each profile is fixed at regular intervals to the wall 6 according to a prior layout. Each element 1 is suspended from the profiles 5 by means of its end hooking rods 4 ', 4 ", so that the upper rod 4' is suspended from the bottom panel 5", while the lower rod 4 "is suspended from the top panel 5", with a second profile, each element 1 thus being carried by two profiles 5. Two points of mastic 7 are provided at the point of contact of the high pan 5 "and of the rear face so as to avoid vibrations and the fall of the element.

On the one hand, such a device has the disadvantage that it is static and on the other hand that it requires layout (that is to say a layout next to the wall, cladding elements and support rails). precise in particular for cutting, either vertical or horizontal, the cladding elements for the treatment of the high, low parts, the angles of the sills, and / or the lintels, which requires the presence of additional strips in the middle part and furthermore that it does not present any pureau. This device has the same disadvantages than those mentioned above with respect to the prior patent WO 86/07402.

Another cladding device is shown in Figure 2. According to this Figure 2, each cladding element 8 has a facing part 9 at the upper and lower ends of which are arranged interlocking means through which the cladding elements 8 fit into each other. These means consist of two rods 12 placed one at the top and the other at the bottom of the rear face 9a of the facing wall, these two rods 12 each being provided with a spoiler 12 'and 12 ", the upper end 12a of the upper rod 12 of an element 8 which fits into the interior of the housing formed by the spoiler 12" of the element 8 located above. As a result, each cladding element 8 is connected by interlocking to the two elements 8 located above and below.

This arrangement allows practically no play between the cladding elements 8.

As a result, the installation of such cladding elements requires very precise layout, providing precisely the vertical and / or horizontal cutting of the cladding elements for the upper and lower ends of the cladding, as well as the angles, the sills and the lintels. and that, moreover, this static constitution has serious drawbacks in the event of stretching or contraction of the support wall, due to climatic variations.

In the event of stretching, the points 12a risk escaping from the housing in which they are fitted. In the event of contraction, the points 12a will come into abutment in the bottom of the housings, the elements 8 will be pressed against each other and some of them will be broken.

The object of the present invention is to overcome these drawbacks by proposing a cladding element and its method of installation making it possible to obtain, between each element a variable overlap range so as to avoid their cutting, while ensuring the holding of the cladding element without having a static system, the invention allowing the entire cladding to play as well in one direction as in the other in the event of stretching or contraction in the event of deformation of the wall or the partition, under the effect of the dilation for example and giving to the cladding a perfect resistance to the wind.

According to Figures 3 and 4, it can be seen that the cladding element 15 consists of an upper part 16 and a lower part 17; each part lying in two parallel planes offset from each other by a certain distance X slightly greater than the thickness of the lower part 17.

Unlike the cladding element 8 of FIG. 2, the upper part 16 of the cladding element 15 according to the invention does not come to join by interlocking with the cladding element located above. This part 16 is simply placed behind the part 17 of the element 15 located above.

The rear face 18 of the upper part 16 is shaped at its base so as to comprise a first spoiler 19 in the form of a hook.

Again this spoiler 19, unlike the spoiler 12 "of the strip 12 located at the bottom of the rear face of FIG. 2, does not have the role of joining the cladding elements together; the function of this spoiler 19 is to allow the cladding element 15 to be suspended from a rail or laying strip.

The rear face 21 of the lower part 17 is provided, as shown in Figures 3 and 4, with a rod 20 shaped at its lower part so as to have a second spoiler 20a, similar to the spoiler 19. Said rod 20 is located approximately in the center of the rear panel 21.

According to Figure 5, we can see that to set up the cladding element 15, it suffices to suspend it by means of its two spoilers 19 and 20a to the sides 26 and 27 of the rail or profile 24, fixed horizontally to the wall to be covered 31 by its face 25. Each element 15 is suspended so that the lower part 17 of an element 15 comes to cover all or part of the upper part 16 of the element located below. There are as many horizontal rails 24 on the wall 31 as there are rows of cladding elements 15 to be installed. This results in a variable overlap range J between each row of elements 15 of a value substantially equal to but slightly less than the length B of the upper part 16 of the cladding element 15.

Preferably, this length B is important compared to the total length of the element, because this is what will allow to play at will on the spacing between the rows of elements 15, which will considerably simplify the work calculation prior to installation and this is also what will allow the rows of elements to slide over each other to follow the stretching and / or contraction movements of the wall serving as their support. This length B is preferably equal to approximately 1/3 of the length D of the lower part 17.

As seen in Figure 5, the first spoiler 19 is simply placed on the upper panel 26 of the rail 24 and the spoiler 20a is also simply placed on the lower panel 27. The spacing of the sections 26, 27 of the profile is slightly greater than the spacing between the upper spoiler 19 and the lower spoiler 20a, which allows a good adjustment of the tile on its profile. The spacing Y between the central axes of the profiles 24 varies between a minimum value substantially equal but slightly less than the length D of the lower part 17 and a maximum value substantially equal but slightly less than the total length of the cladding element 15.

This results in a variable overlap range J between each cladding element 15 of a value substantially equal to but slightly less than the length B of the upper part 16 of said cladding element 15.

The cladding element and its positioning method, as described above, provide a considerable simplification of the cladding operation. In fact, the layout is considerably simplified since one can play on the extent of the overlap and therefore the distance between the rows of cladding elements; the treatment of the singular points which are the treatment of the lighters, lintels, angles and high and low rims is considerably facilitated. In addition, during installation, it is possible to correct execution errors by varying the spacing between the rows of elements 15. In addition, the rows of cladding elements that can slide one over the other without mechanical stresses, in one direction or the other, the cladding thus produced withstands weather and climate variations much better.

Each cladding element is supported in two places, which ensures excellent wind resistance and each element is held independently of those located above and below. It follows that the accidental breakage of an element 15 has no effect on the wind resistance of the others.

In the event of breakage of the cladding element, it suffices to replace the rail or the profile with an additional rail which is interposed on the intermediate strip 20.

The distance separating the two spoilers 19 and 20a must obviously be equal to that separating the two oblique sections 26 and 27; but while the rail 24 is a metal profile, the manufacture of which can easily be precise, it is not the same with regard to the terracotta element 15. The elasticity of the profile 24 makes it possible to compensate for the inevitable small variations in the distance separating the two spoilers 19 and 20a.

Finally, an air space created by the space between the cladding element and the wall, which space is ventilated by the spacings K and G between each element, ensures very good ventilation of the cladding.

The strength of the cladding element is sufficient to withstand the effects of pressure and depression of the wind while avoiding having an excessively static system which would come into compression.

The invention is not limited to this description, the cladding element can be a slab, a brick or any other covering product, it can be applied to a wall, a wall or an intermediate framework allowing the realization of '' thermal insulation

In the example shown, the upper spoiler 19 is disposed at the offset between the upper part 16 and the lower part 17; the lower spoiler 20a being formed at the base of a rod 20 arranged in relief on the rear face 21 of the element 15. But the invention is not limited to this particular embodiment. The spoiler 19 can also be produced by means of another relief rod similar to the rod 20.

• suspension et fixation individuelle de chaque élément de bardage indépendamment de ceux situés au-dessus ou au-dessous ;
• absence d'emboîtement des éléments entre eux ;
• pureau dont on peut déterminer à volonté l'importance lors du calcul préalable à la pose et que l'on peut modifier en cours de pose ;
• coulissement des éléments de bardage les uns sur les autres sous l'effet des variations climatiques ;
• excellente tenue au vent ;
• ventilation de la face arrière du bardage.

The device according to the present invention eliminates all the drawbacks of the known prior devices and cumulatively has the following advantages:

• suspension and individual fixing of each cladding element independently of those located above or below;
• absence of nesting of the elements together;
• gauge, the importance of which can be determined at will during the calculation prior to installation and which can be modified during installation;
• sliding of the cladding elements on top of each other under the effect of climatic variations;
• excellent wind resistance;
• ventilation of the rear side of the cladding.

Claims (4)

Cladding device comprising a fixing means (24) fixed to the masonry (31) and a cladding element (15) in two parts (16, 17), a lower part (17) and an upper part (16) offset by approximately the thickness of the lower part (17), the base of the lower part (17) covering a portion of the upper part (16) characterized in that the fixing means (24) is a rail comprising two oblique flanges (26, 27) for fixing and the rear face of the cladding element (15) comprising two fixing spoilers (19, 20a) engaging on the two oblique flanges (26, 27 ) of the fixing rail (24) so that each cladding element (15) is supported independently of the others by a single rail, without interlocking of the cladding elements one inside the other and that the length of the overlap zone " J "between two successive elements (15), can be determined at will during u layout prior to installation, can be modified at will during installation and can vary under the effect of climatic variations and so that the cladding thus obtained has excellent wind resistance while being ventilated on its rear face. Device according to Claim 1, in which the first attachment spoiler (1a) of each element (15) is arranged at the base of the upper part (16), the second attachment spoiler (20) being arranged at the base of a strip (20) arranged in relief on the rear face of the cladding element (15). Device according to claim 1 wherein the two hooking spoilers (19, 20a) are arranged one and the other at the base of a strip arranged in relief on the rear face of the cladding element. Device according to either of Claims 2 and 3, characterized in that the length (B) of the upper part (16) is equal to about 1/3 of the length (D) of the lower part (17), these two parts (16, 17) being offset from each other by a distance (x) slightly greater than the thickness from the lower part (17).

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