FR2527671A1 - Self supporting undulating roofing modules - incorporating composite panels with cellular cores, pref. of phenolic or polyurethane foam between metal covers - Google Patents

Abstract

Modules comprise a frame-work of metal girders and tubes to carry an undulating pattern of composite panels comprising an outer skin of weather and corrosion-resistant material. (I) and an inner skin material (II) also with corrosion resistance, between which is injected a foam-forming polymerisable material (III) with good adhesion to the skin materials, combined with good fire resistance. Used for roof elements pref, 4.8 to 48 m long, pref. based on a modular pitch of 2.4m. The structure may also support external glazing panels, solar energy capture panels and/or suspended ceiling panels of e.g. chipboard.

Description

 The present invention relates to a self-supporting and very long element for the production of a building roof - in particular of an industrial, commercial, school or sports building as well as the roof formed by the union of several of these elements arranged parallel to each other. others and assembled along their longitudinal edges.

 Alternatively, the invention relates to a self-supporting element of great length integrating the multiple technical functions that, conventionally, must include the building to be covered.

 I1 is already known to cover buildings with the help of self-supporting elements of great length which are assembled two by two along their longitudinal edges, so as to form in this case a single-row roof, and which, sometimes, are also assembled two by two by abutting their transverse ends called edges, so as to form in this case a roof with several rows of juxtaposed elements.

 These self-supporting elements are very often equipped in the workshop with devices ensuring the future technical functions of the building, such as insulation, lighting, heating, fire protection, so that the services to be provided on site of construction are kept to a minimum.

 It suffices to bring the elements produced according to such a design to the site, to lift them and place them on the existing supporting structure (metal or concrete frame), to assemble them two by two, longitudinally and if necessary transversely. , and finally to connect the technical devices of each element to the incoming electricity, hot water or steam for example, so that the building is fully equipped at the same time as it is isolated and protected from the weather.

 The self-supporting elements that are currently found in the field of roofing of buildings are either made of concrete, or of protected steel sheet covering a glass wool mattress supported by sub-faces made integral with the external sheet by connecting devices which, most often, are simultaneously associated with technical devices which, in this way, participate in the so, t-in so s-.lces and insulation mat.

 1 S nments er your presentert the obvious disadvantage of being by @@@@@ lememen lo @ rds; the protected sheet steel links have the disadvantage of being relatively complex, and therefore expensive, to manufacture.

 The object of the present invention is to provide a new type of self-supporting element which, at the same time, is of a light design, of simple and rapid manufacture and assembly, which consequently leads to a self-supporting element with a low cost price.

 To this end, the subject of the present invention is a self-supporting element of great length for the production of a building roof, characterized in that it consists of: a) a framework of metal profiles extending so continuous between the two longitudinal edges of the element as well as between its two transverse edges to ensure the self-supporting of said element, and b) of an insulating cover produced by the juxtaposition of several sections that can be dismantled and replaced individually, said cover being placed and fixed on the framework, and each of its sections being a composite made up of an outer skin, resistant to corrosion, of an inner skin substantially of the same configuration as the outer skin and arranged parallel to and under this so-called nier, and an insulation blanket obtained by injection between the two skins, then polymerization, of a foam of a material developing good flame retardancy and adhesiveness qualities on the skins.

 In a preferred embodiment, the self-supporting element also comprises devices ensuring at least one of the technical functions of the building to be reopened, said devices and / or their supports being integral with the frame.

 In order to guarantee excellent resistance to various corrosion, and in particular to atmospheric attack, the outer skin of the element is made of aluminum sheet, prepainted aluminum or aluminum alloy.

 As the question of resistance to corrosion is not posed under the same conditions for the inner skin, the latter will more simply be a sheet of steel, preferably a sheet of galvanized steel.

 In a particularly advantageous design, the metal profile frame of the self-supporting element consists of: three tubular members which extend longitudinally and continuously between the two transverse edges, namely a central member and two members lateral constituting gap a longitudinal edge of the element; trarsstersale norvuree- each connecting the three aforementioned members, said ribs being arranged from place to place, â regular serval'es, and being bent so as to present a congruent yeometry to the cross sections of the two skins; and diagonals arranged along at least one half of the element, said diagonals extending from the junction between a rib and the central member to the junction between the adjacent rib and the lateral member delimiting said half.

 In the construction in which the diagonals are arranged along only one half of the self-supporting element, the framework of the latter is completed in its second half with longitudinal cross members each extending between two adjacent transverse ribs to form between the central member and the side member bare a broken line, parallel to the three members of the element, other shorter diagonals extending then, in this second half of the element, from the junction between a rib and the central member at the junction between a neighboring rib and the longitudinal cross-member.

 According to other preferred embodiments, the insulation mattress sandwiched between the outer and inner skins is obtained by injection, harm polymerization of a foam of the polyurethane or phenolic type, pure or loaded.

 Advantageously, the self-supporting element is, in cross section, in the form of a V open upwards, whose plane of symmetry is vertical and passes through the central longitudinal member, said central member being welded to the backs of the ribs in an area where each of these is rounded and of concavity turned upwards to receive a gutter, the central rounding of each rib extending from each side along a straight line which, inclined by about 450 on the horizontal, s 'extends to the inner flank of a side member, the two side members then constituting the tops of the frame in metal profiles.

 A self-supporting element meeting the aforementioned characteristics advantageously further comprises devices providing heating and / or artificial or natural lighting and / or fire protection of the covered building.

To better understand the object of the present invention we will now describe, by way of purely illustrative and non-limiting example, a preferred embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawings in which
- Figure 1 is a perspective view of the self-supporting element, in half cross-section along the axis of a rib for its left part and in half cross-section along the axis of a window for its right part ,
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the framework in metal profiles of the element of FIG. 1,
FIG. 3 is a top view of the framework of FIG. 2,
- Figure 4 is a detail view, in cross section, of the lower central part of the self-supporting element, revealing the gutter and the scales which, on either side of the gutter, cover the sides and partially work the gutter ,
FIG. 5 is a detail view, in cross section, of the upper side part of the self-supporting element, showing the detail of its assembly on a neighboring identical self-supporting element,
FIG. 6 is a detail view, in cross section, of the solar collector which can optionally be placed in the upper part of the southern flanks of all the elements constituting the roof,
FIG. 7 is a perspective view illustrating the operating system of a lighting device for the interior of the building covered with the self-supporting elements according to the invention,
FIGS. 8a and 8b show, respectively in top view and in profile, a part of the roof obtained by the assembly of a few self-supporting elements according to the invention, said roof being provided with sun visor strips, and,
- Figure 9 is a perspective view of a support for sun visor strips.

 Referring to the drawings, it can be seen that the entire self-supporting longitudinal element of the invention has been designated by 1 as a whole.

 The length of this element is between 4.80 and 48 meters, depending on the needs of the building to be installed, and for reasons of pure manufacturing technique this length will advantageously be multiple of 2.40 meters.

 In this regard, the length of 21.60 meters is one of the most common because it also corresponds to the maximum of the "transportable length" authorized by French road legislation.

 In its most classic construction, the element 1 has an overall width of 2.40 meters and an overall height of 1.15 meters for the load-bearing metal frame, and a horstout height of 1.21 meters for the framework covered with its iso vante cover, each of the composite sections of which is formed by a mattress, of standard thickness 5 cent: tons, sandwiched between the outer skin and the inner skin of 5/10 of a millimeter thick each.

 The self-supporting of the element 1 is ensured by the framework in metal profiles detailed in FIGS. 2 and 3, the said framework extending continuously between the two longitudinal edges, respectively left 2 and right 3 of the element 1, as well as 'between its two transverse edges 4, so as to ensure self-supporting whatever the length of each element 1.

This framework in metal profiles is composed
a) a central lower tubular member 5, which extends longitudinally and continuously between the two transverse edges 4; this low member is formed by a square tube 9 cm wide and 5 mm thick:
b) two high lateral members, respectively left 6 and right 7, which also extend longitudinally and continuously between the two transverse edges 4; each high member 6 and 7 is a square tube 7 centimeters side and 3.2 millimeters thick;
c) transverse ribs 8 connecting together the high members 6 and 7 and on the back of which is welded the central lower continuous member 5; each rib 8 consists of a square tube 5 cm in side and 3.2 mm thick; each rib has been shaped so that, seen in profile in its assembly position shown in Figures 1 and 2, it has the shape of a V open upwards, the plane of symmetry 9 is vertical and passes through the low frame 5; in their central zone where the ribs 8 are welded by their backs, according to the cords 10, on the top of the low member 5, said ribs are rounded according to a profile 11 of concavity turned upwards, this central rounded profile extending from each side along two rectilinear parts, respectively left 12 and right 13, which, each inclined approximately 450 on the horizontal, extend to the inner flank, respectively 14 and 15 of the high lateral members 6 and 7 ;; the ends of the rectilinear parts 12 and 13 of the ribs are also welded according to beads 16 to the inner flanks of the high members so that the ribs 8 rigidly assemble the three members 5, @ and 7, maintain the parallelism between these members of a transverse song other song @ twrans-versal by cffi, qutr elements and thereby guarantees autopor @ ance; the self-supporting property of the frame being all the better as there will be multiple ribs 8, these are advantageously brought together, and arranged from place to place at an interval of 1.20 meters which corresponds to half the pitch of the roof in the longitudinal direction;
d) of diagonals 17 arranged along at least one half of the element 1, preferably half facing south, said diagonals 17 extending in such a case from the junction 18 between a rib 8 and the central chord 5 at the junction 19 between the neighboring rib and the high side member delimiting the half concerned, that is to say in this case the left member 6 is most northerly relative to the element; the diagonals 17 are of course welded to the members and ribs at their junction points 18 and 19; consequently, the diagonals 17 will consist of tubes of square section 3.2 millimeters thick, or e variant of round tubes of the same thickness, 42.2 millimeters in diameter crushed at their two ends to give a flat 20 which facilitates welding; to further increase the self-supporting qualities of the framework thus produced, the diaqonal are welded parallel to each other, according to a first diagonal in the front half of the element, and welded parallel to each other, according to its second diagonal, in the rear half of the element; this particular arrangement observed in particular in FIG. 3 converges the diagonals 17 of the high chord 6 and the low chord the point 21 which is located at the intersection of the axis of symmetry the gitudinal 9 and of 1 axis of transverse symmetry 22;
e) smaller diagonals 23, arranged along the half facing north in the particular case where only half of 1 element 1 will be fitted with diagonals 17; in this option, reserved for the provision of north-facing nubiots to lightenaturally the interior of the covered building, the small diagonals 23 all extend between the lower central frame = e of the longitudinal crosspieces 24 which each extend between two ner @ ures neighboring crossings 8 to form a fourth frame, d; continuous, between the lower member 5 and the upper member 7 which is placed most to the south with respect to the element; e other terms, ie that discontinuous third frame, obtained by the succession of crosspieces.

24 interrupted by the ribs 8 on which said crosspieces are welded, forms a line parallel to the three members 5, 6 and 7 of the element; the small diaqonals 23 extend @ in this @ of the junction 18 between a narvure 0 and the ca tral chord 5 at junction 25 between the adjacent rib and the longitudinal crosspiece 24, the small diagonals 23 t also welded to the nembrures and ribs their junction points 18 and 25; as a result, these small diagonals 23 are made up of square section tubes with a side length of 4 cm and a thickness of 2.7 mm or alternatively, according to a more advantageous variant, round tubes with a thickness of 3.2 mm, 42.4 millimeters in diameter, crushed at their two ends to give a dish 26 which facilitates welding; for the reason expressed in paragraph (d), the small diagonals are welded parallel to each other in a first direction in the front half of the element, and welded parallel to each other in the second direction, in the rear half of the element; in other words, the small diagonals 23 also appear to converge from the top crosspieces 24 to the bottom frame 5 towards the central point 21 of the element, as do the diagonals 17, as is particularly visible in the figure 3.

 The diagonals, whether they extend from the low member 5 to a high member in the half of the element which does not have a porthole (case of the diagonals 17), or on the contrary that they are shorter and s' extend only from the lower frame S to the intermediate crosspieces 24 in the half of the element fitted with portholes (case of the small diagonals 23), all have the function of eliminating the shearing forces which are exerted transversely on the frame . First, between any pair of neighboring ribs 8, the large diagonal 17 and the small diagonal 23 converge to better distribute the forces. Second, in the area between the cross members 24 and the bare side member 7, area in which the integration of diagonals is impossible since it is necessary to leave all the useful surface to the portholes, an additional stiffening device 27 is provided, visible in FIGS. 2 and 3.

 This device 27 envelops the entire rib portion 8 between the bare side member 7, continuous, and the cross members 24 constituting by their alignment the fourth discontinuous member.

A device 27 is provided every 1.20 m, framing each transverse rib 8. Such a device 27 is for example formed by two transverse spacers 28 and 29, which are two tubes of rectangular section of 3 x 5 cm and of 2 mm thick, the spacers 28 and 29 being arranged on either side of the rib 8, in the plane defined by the rectilinear parts of the assembly of the ribs, and being covered, above and below, with two steel toes 30 and 31 of two millimeters thick welded to the spacers 28 and 29 which, for their part, are welded on the one hand to the bare member 7 and 4 ′ other tsrt on the crosspiece 24.
as for it is formed of a ze tube 5cm side and 3.2mn thick.

 The transverse ribs 8 have a length and a hanger 11 such that, after welding on the internal flanks 14 and 15 of the high members 6 and 7, the distance separating the external sides of said high members is 2.40 meters reduced by 8 cm necessary the passage of the component parts 32 for the assembly of any element 1 with identical elements arranged in parallel with leurmembrureshautesen opposite, 6 and 7 respectively.

 The distance separating the external sides 2 and 3 from the high members 6 and 7 is therefore 2.32 meters, and this on each element 1.

 To simplify the understanding of the description which follows, these external flanks will be assimilated to the longitudinal edges of any element 1 along which said element can be connected to its two neighboring elements.

 An insulating cover, produced by the juxtaposition of several low-weight sections, which can be dismantled and replaced individually, is placed and fixed on the supporting metal structure, above the hanger 11 constituting the bottom of the V, as well as above wings of this V, on either side of the hanger.

 Each element of the insulating cover is a composite consisting of an outer skin 33, resistant to corrosion, an inner skin 34, substantially of the same configuration as the outer skin and arranged parallel to and under this outer skin, and finally of an insulation blanket 35 obtained by injection between the two skins, then polymerization of a foam of a material developing good flame retardancy and adhesiveness qualities on the skins.

 The outer skin 33 is for example a sheet 5/10 mm thick, preferably aluminum, prepainted aluminum or aluminum alloy, or any other material resistant to salt spray, corrosive atmospheres, winds sand and any other aggressive atmospheric phenomenon.

 The inner skin 34 is produced, for example, from a sheet 5/10 of a millimeter thick, in steel for example and preferably in galvanized steel.

 The insulation mattress 35 sandwiched between the outer 33 and inner 34 skins is obtained by injection of a foam between the two skins, then polymerization of this foam and simultaneous attachment to the two skins.

 Given the sound and thermal insulation properties, fireproofing and good adhesiveness to the metal that the mattress 35 must have, the injected foam is preferably of the polyurethane or phenolic type, pure or loaded.

 The density of the foam mattress 35 will ideally be close to 40 kg / m3. Consequently, to the basic constituents of the polyurethane - polyol and isocyanate which form a liquid of approximately 1.2 density, is added a swelling agent of the freon type which makes it possible to obtain a polyurethane foam of suitable density and compactness.

 To facilitate the adhesion of this foam on the metal sheets, the latter are previously degreased and delivered with a bonding primer, generally an epoxy. Foaming allows good bonding on the sheets.

 All the elements that make up the insulating cover placed and fixed on the supporting structure are made according to the sandwich position which comes Besides described, that is to say that they all respect the following composite: resistant outer skin + insulation mat + inner skin.

The composite elements constituting the insulating blanket are of three kinds
a) a V-shaped gutter 36, of me-curvature and of the same orientation as the hanger II of the transverse ribs 8, said gutter extending only one length between the transverse edges 4 of the element,
b) the flanks which are obtained by the juxtaposition of sections that, for the convenience of the description, will be designated by the term "scales", said scales having a constant width of 1.20 meters and being provided with an opening for the porthole on the north side (scales 37) and without opening on the south side (scales 38),
c) caps 39 of rounded shape, 1.20 meters long each, placed on the site after assembly of the roofing elements together, above the ridge and in particular above the high members and clamps 32 of assembly of the elements, so that the seal is absolute between all the waves that the roof itself will draw, once all the elements 1 assembled and covered at the bottom of the gutter, on their sides and above the ridge.

 Except for the caps 39 which are necessarily placed on the site, after assembly of the elements 1, the other composite parts of the cover, namely the gutter and the scales, will be responsible for assembly, or at the choice of 1 '' to use, set up on the frame directly in the factory, or on the contrary brought section by section on the site, distinct from the frame, to be then placed on the frame, juxtaposed and assembled together, fixed to said frame, the gutter 36 being in this case placed as a priority in recovery of the frame 5 and of the bottom of the ribs 8 and of the diagonals 17 and 23, the scales 37 and play 38 then covering the sides of the frame as well as the two edges upper parts of the gutter 36, the cap sections 39 being necessarily placed last, after assembly of the elements 1 between them, overlapping the high members 6 and 7, the assembly devices 32 and the upper edges of the scales 3 7 and / or 38.

 The gutter 36 extends either of a single length between the two transverse edges 4 of each element, or pa: sections of ten or a dozen meters in length joined by a tight expansion joint.

 Advantageously, the length of the channel 36 will in any event be multiple of 1.20 m, or even multiple of the pitch P of the element which we know to be equal to 2.40 m.

 The glazed scales 37, the blind scales 38 and each section of the caps 39 have a constant width of 1.20 m, so as to respect the value of the deiri-pas, and to take each appi by their transverse edges on two neighboring transverse ribs nes 8 which we remember that they are regularly spaced 1.20m by 1.20m from song to song of each element of the roof.

 That it extends contindment from one song to another of element 1, or in sections, of ten meters in length joined by a joint. the channel 36 visible in particular in Figures 1 and 4 is always made according to the design which follows.

 The gutter is produced in a mold, also called a "shaper", the cross section and the length of which are identical to the cross section and the length of the gutter to be produced.

 The mold consists of a V-shaped elm bottom open upward, bordered by two longitudinal walls and two transverse walls, and a cover substantially of the same shape as the bottom and able to come to rest in the upper part of the four walls. which border said bottom.

 t) first of all places the sheet metal intended to form the inner skin 34 on the bottom of the mold; ruls e de pl place in place we have wedges in @ is or polyurethane whose height is equal to the thickness of the mattress which must separate the inner skin from the outer skin.

 Under the covers there is finally placed the sheet intended to form the outer skin 33, sheet which is held by vacuum suction at the time when the cover is folded over the bottom of the mold.

 In addition to its upward curvature, the skin 34 has three longitudinal ribs, a central lower rib 40a and two lateral high ribs 40b as well as, on each of its longitudinal edges, a wing 41 formed by a first return 42 at a right angle turned upwards and a second return 43 at right angles facing outwards, ending in a withdrawal 44.

 In addition to its upward curvature, the sheet 33 has along each of its two longitudinal edges a return at right angles 45 turned upwards, as well as a fine rib 46 intended to form the support of a joint d sealing 47 which must extend from one end to the other of the roof, under the scales 37 and / or 38, in sections as long as possible.

 Prior to their integration into the mold, the skins 33 and 34 intended for the gutters are therefore profiled by rollers giving the desired curvature, ribs and returns.

 The three longitudinal ribs 40a and 40b whose role is to stiffen the gutter are interrupted every 1.20 m to allow the passage of the transverse ribs 8, the two high lateral ribs 40b resting punctually on the diagonals 17 and / or 23.

 When the sheets 33 and 34 are arranged in the mold, that the cover of the latter is folded down on its bottom, the bottom and the cover are compressed towards one another, by means of stirrups or presses, then injects polyurethane foam inside the mold and we wait about thirty minutes, until it has completely polymerized, before opening the mold and removing the gutter perfectly and completely finished.

 For the manufacture of an ideal gutter as regards the sealing characteristics which it will offer, a mold is used, the two longitudinal walls of which have at their lower part a cavity which extends regularly, so that the mattress obtained after injection and polymerization forms, on each of its longitudinal edges, a step 48 facing outwards, said step being bordered by the first return 42 of the wing 41, as is visible in particular in Figure 4. The nose 49 of step 48 extends return 45.

 The stair cut 48-49 thus produced, used with an additional cut provided in the lower part of each scale 37 and / or 38, as will be seen later, avoids thermal bridges and consequently guarantees the desired optimal insulation.

 The injection of polyurethane foam into the mold intended for the manufacture of the gutter is done by all or only some of the four walls which border the bottom of the mold, said walls being for this purpose pierced with the orifices in number and in diameter necessary for a good injection.

 On the other hand, the bottom and the lid of the mold are not used in any way for the introduction of the foam, and this of course to avoid having to also pierce the outer and inner skins of multiple orifices which would harm the insulation, sealing and especially the mechanical strength and the self-supporting characteristic of the roofing element.

 When reading the process for manufacturing the gutter given above, we note that, using the same mold, we can use different gutters whose thickness can vary from one channel to another, without changing the shape of the sheets 33 and 34.

 Thus, the thickness of the gutter - and moreover that of the other composite sections of the insulating cover - will be variable from 3 to 10 cm, without modifying the manufacture of the interior and exterior skins, and it will be chosen according to the coefficient of insulation K, sought after. Thus, we know that for a polyurethane foam of density 40Kg / m3, the coefficient K in Kcal / m2 / 0C is 0.730.44-0.22 for a thickness of injected foam mattress of, respectively, 3cm, 5cm, 10cm .

 The standard value of K being 0.44 I (caL / m2 / OC, the thickness of the foam mattress 35 will in practice be 5 cm.

 Whether blind or with a porthole 50, each flank flank 37 or 38 is always made according to a design identical to that of the gutter, and in particular each flake is also made in a mold pcssédant a bottom and a cover serving against the mold, the cross section and the length of the mold being identical to the cross section and to the length of the scale to be produced.

The mold for the production of a flake therefore has an inner inner ion of .20 m. Its lower longitudinal wall fro1-rle at its lower part a complementary tooth of the cavity of the lower part of each longitudinal wall of the mold used for the
manufacturing the gutter, so that the longitudinal edge in
lower of the scales 37 and 38 is cut into a staircase, as is visible in particular in Figure 4, the upper step 51 bordered
inside a nose 52 coming to rest tightly on the step
lower 42 bordered by its nose 49.

On the other hand, the upper longitudinal wall of the mold is flat, perpendicular to the bottom and to the lid of the mold,
such that the upper longitudinal edge 53 of the scales 37 and 38 extends perpendicular to the skins 33 and 34.

 For each scale, the inner skin 34 is formed by stamping, so that its lower longitudinal edge forms a fold 54 at right angles to the top green, coplanar fold of the nose 52, and that its upper longitudinal edge also forms a fold 900 55 facing upwards.

 Five stiffening ribs 56 extend longitudinally, parallel to each other, the two most lateral ribs 56 being close to the folds 54 and 55, and the other three ribs 56 being placed with substantially the same spacing.

 The outer skin 33 of the scales 37 and 38 is also obtained by stamping. This skin essentially forms a plane bordered in the upper part of a longitudinal return 57 folded at a right angle downwards and in the lower part of a longitudinal tab 58 which extends in overlap of the gutter 36, beyond the return 45, and ends with a finger 59 which descends clearly below the rib 46 for retaining the seal 47.

 For the manufacture of a blind scale 38, the mold is used as it is, after interposition between the skins 33 and 34 stamped in the manner described above of polyurethane shims whose role is to delimit between said two skins the space desired equivalent to the thickness to be given to the foam mattress 35 to acquire the desired insulation coefficient.

 The foam is then injected into the mold through orifices provided in all or only some of the four walls bordering its bottom, and preferably by holes provided in the two walls which correspond to the longitudinal edges 51-52 and 53 of the shell.

 On the other hand, for the manufacture of a glazed scale 37, 1 is essential to "prepare" the place of the porthole 50, and to integrate the C: ntcs p8ce; which will be necessary for its fixing and incidentally for its operation if we want the hubot 50 to be opening.

 The two skins 33 and 34 are therefore cut in their center, to the dimensions of the porthole, at the location provided for it, that is to say in the upper part of the side facing south, between the high member 7 and the crosspieces. 24 which, by their alignment, form an intermediate longitudinal member, but discontinuous.

 The cutout of the inner skin 34, for the free passage of the window 50, is a straight cut with a sharp edge, as is visible at 50 in FIG. 5. On the other hand, the cutout of the outer skin 33 is on the edge raised 61, and this over the entire periphery of the cutout, so that it can be subsequently associated with it a peripheral seal 62 which will ensure the tightness of the cover with water and air, throughout of the junction line between a window and the roof element.

 Advantageously, the windows 50 will each be double glazed 63 and 64 between which there will remain an air vacuum 65 favorable to thermal insulation.

For fixing each porthole 50 in a scale 37, provision is made to drown various piers in the foam mattress 35, at the time of its formation, namely
- a high cross member 66 which extends all along the upper edge of the window,
- two lateral tabs, respectively left 67 and right 68, about 3 cm thick and dr 5 cm wide, which are arranged substantially in the middle of each small transverse side of the window and,
- three cleats 69, about 5cm thick and 5cm wide, which are uniformly placed along the lower longitudinal edge of the window
The crosspiece 66 and the five cleats 67 to 69 are wooden inserts so as, once again, to avoid any good thermal
For the sake of simplified manufacturing, the cleats 67 and 68 are arranged, on the sheet 30, in line with the spacers 28 and 29, and extend until the return 61.

 The crosspiece 66 and the tabs 69 also extend to the return 61, the crosspiece 66 being placed as close as possible to the upper longitudinal edge of the scale and the three as many as 69 being placed above the crosspiece 24 .

 In this simplified hypothesis, da inner skin 34 is cut at its upper part according to so @ edge fra @ 60, @ 'is to say that the upper half of the cleats 69 and the support planes of the cleats 67 and 68 and the cross 66 rest directly on the bottom of the mold.

 This design! In no way harms the mechanical strength of the shell 37, because the outer skin 33 and especially the foam mattress 35 which both extend continuously around the window 50 give consistency and rigidity necessary for the upper part of said scale.

 It should be noted that, in this design, the foam mattress 35 rests directly on the sheet 30 which covers the spacers 28 and 29, along each of the short sides of the window, and that in the upper part of the shell 37, the foam mattress is bare as indicated by reference 70.

 The two ends of the foam mattress 70, as well as the two ends of the crosspiece 66 rest on the sheets 20; the part 70 of the mattress and the crosspiece 66 therefore each extend continuously over 1.20 m.

 For the production of the shell 37, it is therefore planned to incorporate inside the mold, at the location which the window 50 will have to occupy later, a frame against which the inserts 66 to 69 will be applied. After injection and polymerization, the foam will ensure the consistency of the scale by adhering to the inserts as it adheres to the outer and inner skins.

 After demoulding of the flake 37, and release of the central interior frame, the window 50 is replaced by this window, said window being designed in the form of a monobloc element which is fixed inside the flake 37 by means of 8 fixing screws 71, arranged for five of them in the five tabs 67 to 69 and for the last three of them in the crosspiece 66.

 Each window 50 is made of molded plastic, including for glazing 63 and 64 which are made of transparent molded plastic.

 This one-piece design of glazing with integrated frame has the primary advantage of eliminating the seals and the risk of leakage for all of this lighting.

 In addition, the fact of making portholes by mass molding reduces their cost.

 Whether mounted in the factory or on site, the scales 37 and 38 are associated with the load-bearing metal frame, partially covering the gutter 36, using lugs 72 and complementary clips 73, the design of which is given below.

 Each leg? 2 e, t made from a metallic profile, for example from galvani steel <10/10 thick, bends so that its core 74 forms. -a base a wide base 75 which, by three successive folds, is of double thickness.

 At its head, the blade 74 forms by five successive folds a key 76 of square section whose two diagonals are, respectively, perpendicular and coplanar with the core 74.

 By their bases? 5, the metal tabs 72 are spot welded to the upper face of the ribs 8.

 Each side of each rib has three legs 72, all three arranged in the area that the scales will occupy, the lower leg being welded slightly above the upper longitudinal edge of the groove 36, the upper leg being welded near the upper member 6 or 7 and the central leg being welded substantially in the middle of the two legs, slightly below the cross-member 24 on the slope designed to carry glazed scales 37.

 The height of each tab 72 is approximately 2 cm greater than the thickness of the scale 37 or 38, so that the key 76 extends well beyond the upper plane of the scale and can be used with the clip 73. The width of the tab is about 3cm.

 The legs 72 being metallic, as well as all the profiles constituting the load-bearing framework, they will advantageously be welded in the factory to the ribs 8, after welding of the various ribs, ribs, diagonals and crosspieces between them.

 In the factory, or alternatively on site, the gutter 36 will be placed in the bottom of the V of the supporting metal structure, under the two lines formed by the lower legs 72 on each side of the element.

 The scales 37 and / or 38 are then placed one by one overlapping the upper edges of the gutter, each scale being integrated between two ribs 8, between the two lines of three anchoring tabs 72.

 After all the scales have been put in place, a U-shaped clip 73 is fitted on each leg line around the keys 76, the wings of which converge at their ends so as to form a spring.

 The length of the wings of the clips 73 is chosen so that after fitting onto the keys 75 they rest on the outer skin 33.

Under these conditions, the clips 73 ensure
- fixing the scales on the metal framework; ue5
- assembling the scales together,
- sealing between scales.

Obviously, the seal 47 which runs all along the element under the tab 48, to ensure longitudinal sealing between the scales and the gutter, was placed in the chamber 77, above the rib holding 46, before fitting clips 73.

 When the various elements 1 which must constitute the roof are equipped with their central gutter and all their scales 37 and / or 38 covering their slopes, the various self-supporting elements are assembled by associating them by means of parts arranged along their longitudinal edges, and more precisely welded to the outer face of the high members 6 and 7.

 To this end, it has been planned to weld in the factory, or it will be welded on site, to the right of the ribs 8, that is to say every 1.20 m, identical cast steel parts, respectively left 32a and right. 32b.

 These pieces 32, about 7 cm in length, each have the shape of a half-cone whose base, respectively 78 and 79, forms the upper face of the piece, whose tip, respectively 80 and 81, is turned towards the bottom, and the semi-conical side wall of which has a planar cutout, 82 and 83 respectively, by which the part 32 rests on the high member 1 respectively 6 and 7, and then is welded to it by two cords 84.

 At the time of assembly of the roof elements 1 on the site, a cast steel piece 85, composed of a funnel 86 surmounted by an axis 87 which ends in an eccentric threaded rod 88 is fixed on each piece 32b of the frame 7 taken on the left element, chosen as an example of reference, by means of an eccentric cam washer 89 and a nut 90.

 After the installation of the first element 1 of the roof, an element which has been chosen on the left for the progression of the assembly, a second element is brought close to it which is placed to the right of the first element, the parts 32a then being arranged in look - pieces 32b on each of which is already fixed the piece 85.

 The cam washer 89 then occupies the position represented by the dotted line at 89a in FIG. 5, a position which leaves completely free access to the half-bowl located to the right of part 85.

 The self-supporting element on the right to be assembled with the self-supporting element on the left is raised by a few centimeters, then re-descends @ for it takes up - automatically places in the funnel 86 and ensures it is positioned @ nt.

 This tapered system allows an approach tolerance of 15mm in the transverse direction, and 15mm, forwards and backwards, in the longitudinal direction.

 When the second element is perfectly positioned relative to the first left reference element, the eccentric cam washer 89 is turned a quarter of a turn, as represented by the arrow 91, so that it occupies the position represented - Felt in solid lines at 89b in FIG. 5, and the nut 90 is blocked to make the two self-supporting elements definitively integral.

The obvious advantages of this assembly device via the two side pieces 32 joined by the central part 85 are multiple
a) the self-supporting elements of several tens of meters in length are positioned vertically, transversely and longitudinally with approach tolerances of 15mm,
b) the assembly between the self-supporting elements is ensured exclusively by the top of the roof, by simple operation of the nut 90 and of the eccentric washer 89, from which disappearance of all risks of accidents and from where l no need to mount scaffolding under the roof.

 c) the assembly is completed, since it is sufficient for each device to simply turn the eccentric washer by 900 and to tighten the nut, and it is economical since bolting every 1.20 m is sufficient.

 After assembly, from the left to the right of the roof, of all its elements 1 composing it, the assembly devices 32 + 85 are covered which join, in pairs, the right frame 7 of a first element to the frame left 6 of a second neighboring element, by means of ridge sections 39 whose installation is particularly easy because, on the one hand of their lightness, their length is 1.20m and essentially they are made up polyurethane foam), on the other hand of the particular configuration given to the upper longitudinal edge 53 of the scales 37 and 38.

Indeed, each section of the ridge 39 is of a configuration such that it adapts very exactly at the end of a scale harmoniously finishes the shape of the roof and extends symmetrically towards a neighboring roof element for s '' date very accurately - it has a scale of said second element
The dunnage sections 39 are made according to the design sandwich merle that the gutter and the scales, consequence using a third mcl; :: which will be suitable for all the sections to be manufactured, due to the total identity for each element of the roof between its left ridge and its right ridge.

 The length and the transverse and longitudinal sections of this third mold are identical to the length and the sections of the ridge sections to be produced.

 The mold therefore also has an interior length of 1.20 m. The bottom and the lid of this mold are V-shaped, the two transverse walls which border the bottom being vertical and the two longitudinal walls which border the bottom being perpendicular to the wings of the V.

 Each ridge section is made upside down, that is to say that its outer skin 33 is first placed in the bottom of the mold, that its inner skin 34 is subjected to suction under cover while polyurethane shims allow to ensure the desired spacing between the two skins.

 Advantageously, the skin 34 has the shape shown in FIG. 6, namely that it is essentially a dish which, extended by two wings upwards, fits very exactly between the members 6 and 7 of two neighboring elements assembled. The two wings which extend the dish of the inner skin 34 are themselves each extended by a return 92 which allows good anchoring of the dish 93 in the block of foam 35.

 The advantage of this construction is that the flat 93 extended by its wings and its returns 92 is in contact with the high members 6 and 7, and prevents the foam from being in direct contact with the roofing of the building.

 The flat 93 of the skin 34 is pierced at each of its two ends with a hole 94 for the passage of the pin 88 and the nut 90 of the assembly device.

 Obviously, in this same zone, the foam mattress 35 is hollowed out at 95 so that the end of the axis and the nut are embedded (see FIG. 5).

 The fixing of the ridge sections 39 is obtained according to the same principle as that used to fix the scales 37 and 38, that is to say by means of spring clips which fit into keys.

 For this purpose, the transverse edges of the outer skin of each section are extended upwards by a half-key in the form of a half-square, identical in this position and its dimension to that of a half-key 76 cut lorgitudinally. .

 Thanks to this construction, a key identical to key 76 is formed in the junction plane between two ridge sections.

 A clip 96, of the same shape as the clip 73, and which extends over the entire transverse development of the ridge, then ensures the connection between two neighboring sections.

 In addition, each clip 96 extends slightly overlapping the scales, as indicated by the references 97, so that it can itself fit onto the two clips 73 which, on each side of the ridge , provide the connection between two scales.

 Thanks to this snap-on system, the ridge sections 39 are secured to the frame by means of the clips 96 which are themselves snapped onto the clips 73 fitted onto the keys 76 secured to the frame.

 For better fixing of the assembly, as a variant, the transverse edges of the outer skin of each scale 37 or 38 can also be extended by a return upwards in the form of a half-key, said half-key 98 enveloping, with its half-key complementary to the neighboring scale, the key 76, the assembly being fitted under the clip 73.

 The connection between two neighboring scales is thereby improved, as is the seal between the scales.

 The longitudinal seal between the ridge sections and the scales is ensured by the covers 97.

 Taking into account the assembly method described above with regard to the scales, on the one hand between them, and on the other hand on the framework and ridge sections, on the one hand between them and on the other hand on the clips of the scales, it is clear that the dismantling of the ridge sections then that of the scales is particularly simple and rapid and that, in the context of maintenance, all operations such as: access to the gutters, change of the seals exteriors, replacement of scales and their fixing clips, replacement of ridge sections and their fixing clips, can be easily carried out, therefore at extremely reduced cost, all the more so as the dismantling of a scale and its replacement can be done by the only dismantling of the ridge section which overhangs it and without having to intervene on the ridge sections and the neighboring scales.

 Advantageously, the slopes exposed to the south of the insulating roof can be equipped with solar-air collectors 99 of the type of those described in French patent application 82.07272 filed by the applicant.

 These sensors 99 fit onto the clips 73 as described in said parallel request.

 Also in a variant, the roof according to the invention can be equipped with a sub-ceiling 100 fixed under and against the inside of the load-bearing metal frame.

 This sub-ceiling is made, for example, of agglomerated wood, in a molded element with a module of 1.20 m.

 As a last option, the roof can be fitted with certain technical devices, such as tubes 101 for heating and devices 102 for lighting, of the type described in French patent application 80.18972. A system of sunshades 103 of the type also described in this application 80.18972 can complete all or part of the elements 1 assembled, so as to protect the roof.

Claims (8)

RESELL ICAT IONS  10) Freestanding and very long elemont for ia realization of a building roof, in particular industrial, commercial, school or sports, said roof being formed by the union of several of these elements arranged parallel to each other and assembled along their longitudinal edges, characterized in that each element consists of: a) a framework in metal profiles extending continuously between the two longitudinal edges of the element as well as between its two transverse edges to ensure the self-supporting of said element, and b) an insulating cover produced by the juxtaposition of several sections, removable and individually replaceable, said cover being placed and fixed on the frame, and each of its sections being a composite made of an outer skin, resistant to corrosion. - parts, of an inner skin, substantially of the same configuration as the outer skin and arranged parallel to and under the latter, and of a n insulation mat obtained by injection between the two skins, then polymerization, 1 a foam of a material developing good flame retardancy and adhesiveness on the skins.  20) Self-supporting element according to claim 1 characterized in that it comprises devices ensuring at least one of the technical functions of the building to be covered, said devices and / or their supports being integral with the framework.  30) Self-supporting element according to any one of claims 1 and 2 characterized in that its outer skin is made of aluminum sheet, prelacquered aluminum or aluminum alloy, and in that its inner skin is made of steel sheet, preferably galvanized steel.  40) Self-supporting element according to any one of claims 1 to 3 characterized in that its framework in metallic profiles consists of: three tubular members which extend longitudinally and continuously between the two transverse edges, namely a central member and two side members each constituting a longitudinal edge of the element; transverse ribs each connecting the three aforementioned members, said ribs being arranged from place to place, 3 regular intervals and being waxed so as to have a geometry congruent to the cross sections of the two skin; and d diagonals arranged along at least one half of the element, said diagonals extending from the junction between a rib and the central member to the junction between the isine rib and the lateral member delimiting said half.  50) Self-supporting element according to claim 4, in which  the diaqonales are arranged along only one half of said element,  characterized in that its second half comprises longitudinal crosspieces each extending between two adjacent transverse ribs to form between the central member and the bare side member a discontinuous line, parallel to the three members of the element, other shorter diagonals extending, in this second half of the element, from the junction between a rib and the central member to the junction between the adjacent rib and the longitudinal crosspiece.  60) Self-supporting element according to any one of claims 1 to 5 characterized in that the insulation mattress sandwiched between the outer and inner skins is obtained by injection then polymerization of a foam of the polyurethane or phenolic type, pure or loaded.  70) self-supporting element according to any one of claims 1 to 6 characterized in that it is, in cross section, in the form of a V open upwards, whose plane of symmetry is vertical and passes through the central longitudinal member, said central member being welded to the backs of the ribs in an area where each of these is rounded and of concavity turned upward to receive a gutter, the central rounding of each rib extending on each side in a straight which, inclined by about 450 on the horizontal, extends to the inner flank of a lateral member, the two lateral members then constituting the tops of the framework in metal profiles.  80) Self-supporting element according to any one of claims 2 to 7, characterized in that it comprises devices providing heating and / or artificial or natural lighting and / or fire protection of the covered building.