EP0798510B1 - Heizkessel - Google Patents
Heizkessel Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0798510B1 EP0798510B1 EP97101776A EP97101776A EP0798510B1 EP 0798510 B1 EP0798510 B1 EP 0798510B1 EP 97101776 A EP97101776 A EP 97101776A EP 97101776 A EP97101776 A EP 97101776A EP 0798510 B1 EP0798510 B1 EP 0798510B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- combustion
- heating boiler
- shaft
- boiler according
- zone
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims 11
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 94
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000004449 solid propellant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 abstract 3
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24B—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
- F24B1/00—Stoves or ranges
- F24B1/02—Closed stoves
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
- F23B10/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers
- F23B10/02—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers including separate secondary combustion chambers
Definitions
- the invention relates to a boiler with a solid fuel, in particular wood, fillable and combustible with combustion air, filling chute set up for bottom-side burn-off, from one to one Exhaust outlet leading flow path that goes through a Filling shaft adjacent, with combustion gases and secondary air Combusable combustion zone with flow from bottom to top and one of these subordinate heat exchange zone leads, the Combustion zone at least one with a standing axis, has a chimney-shaped combustion shaft at its lower end via at least one tangentially opening inflow channel with the Filling shaft is connected.
- a boiler of this type is known from CH 671 822 A5.
- the combustion shaft through two pipes formed, which delimit an annular space in which secondary air circulate can.
- This is sucked in through recesses in the inflow channel one with the annulus surrounding the combustion shaft communicating annulus is surrounded.
- the secondary air must be here overcome comparatively large flow resistance. With natural Train is therefore sucked in comparatively little secondary air, which too poor mixing of the secondary air with the combustion gases and leads to lack of air in the combustion zone. The consequence of this are therefore overall poor combustion and high CO and Dust pollution of the exhaust gas. If so by using a blower counteracted, arise in addition to the high Deployment effort also involves high running costs, which is unfavorable which affects profitability.
- a boiler is known in which the combustion zone an insert made of refractory material with a with a lying axis arranged, drum-shaped chamber that contains one end a tangential connection to the filling shaft and at the other end has an upward opening.
- the drum-shaped chamber results in a spiral flow axial and rotary component.
- the thermal buoyancy of the Combustion gases here, however, mean that the flow in the lower Circumferential area is not as good against the drum wall as in the upper one Circumferential area, so that the heat storage capacity of the drum wall is not used optimally. There is therefore one in the lower peripheral area to fear comparatively poor afterburning. That could only can be counteracted by increasing the speed.
- the inflow channel or the inflow channels each have a rectangular cross section have a greater height than width. This advantageously results in a slim flow band close to the wall, what a good one Heat transfer is beneficial.
- Each combustion shaft can advantageously have several, on one Hole-shaped ventilation holes arranged near the wall pitch circle be assigned. Due to the larger number of ventilation holes these have a comparatively small diameter, so that a nozzle-like function gives what is good for achieving Mixture formation is beneficial.
- Another advantageous embodiment of the higher-level measures is that the height of the combustion shaft or the combustion shafts from the level of the hopper floor to the upper one Boiler area extends. This results despite high flow velocities a high dwell time. On an outlet-side narrowing of the combustion shaft or the combustion shafts can therefore be advantageous Be waived, which also increases the associated Flow resistance comes away.
- the boiler according to the invention has, as can best be seen from FIG is, a filling chute 1, which has an upper, through a swivel cover 2 closable filling opening with logs etc. can be loaded.
- the lower end of the filling shaft 1 is formed by a grate 3, below which is an ash collecting space 4.
- the filling burns during operation the filling chute 1 from below, i.e. forms on the grate 3 Fire bed.
- the grate 3 can be pivoted for adjustability his.
- the air required for combustion is supplied to the boiler in the form of Primary air and secondary air are supplied as indicated by arrows 5 and 6 is indicated.
- the primary air inlet is in the front area of the boiler arranged, preferably adjustable ventilation flap 7 formed.
- the primary air enters the filling shaft as upper air and / or lower air 1, as indicated by the arrows 5 a, b.
- the secondary air gets wider injected downstream, as will be explained later.
- the volatile combustion products withdraw from the filling shaft 1, such as is indicated by the arrow 8.
- the filling shaft is in the near-rust area Provide a flow outlet in the area of its rear wall.
- the from Filling duct 1 outgoing flow path leads over a filling duct 1 adjacent combustion zone 9 and a heat exchange zone arranged downstream of this 10 to one in the area of the upper end of the rear boiler wall arranged, outgoing outlet port 11.
- the combustion zone 9 is designed so that afterburning takes place, so that the flue gas emerging at the outlet port 11 is only slight Residues of CO and dust.
- a heat transfer medium water in the example shown, heated.
- the combustion zone 9, which is located in the back of the filling shaft 1 adjoining boiler area contains at least one with chimney-shaped combustion shaft 12 arranged upright, the one at its lower end by one transverse to its axis arranged, horizontal inflow duct 13 with the filling shaft 1 connected is.
- the upper end of the combustion shaft 12 is open without restriction.
- the bottom 14 of the filling shaft 12 is approximately at the level of the grate 3 that closes the filling chute 1 downwards.
- the above-mentioned secondary air is in the area of the combustion zone 9 fed.
- the one above the secondary air inlet connected distribution channel 21 arranged bottom 14 of the Combustion shaft 12 with at least one with a vertical axis, that is parallel, 12 bore-shaped to the axis of the combustion shaft Provide ventilation hole 15 through which secondary air can flow in, such as is indicated by the arrow 6b.
- the axial direction of the ventilation hole 15 crosses the lying axis of the inflow channel 13.
- the in the direction of Arrow 8 from the filling shaft 1 into the combustion shaft 12 Combustion products flowing in are as a result of the standing Arrangement of the combustion shaft 12 deflected upwards and flow along due to the effective pull and their thermal buoyancy high speed downwards.
- the combustion shaft 12 is accordingly from bottom to top flows through.
- inflowing combustion products result from the high Flow velocity is a negative pressure at the bottom.
- the ventilation holes 15 inflowing secondary air practically crosses the mass flow of incoming combustion products, which ensures good mixing and thus achieved a good mixture formation for the afterburning become.
- the combustion shaft extends 12 to the upper boiler area.
- the upper, open end 16 of the Combustion shaft 12 is located approximately in the example shown the level of the rear outlet port 11.
- the clear cross section of the Combustion shaft 12 is the same over the entire height, so that no narrowing.
- a circular cross section provided so that there is a cylindrical combustion shaft configuration results.
- the inflow channel 13 is, as can best be seen from FIG of the circular cross section of the combustion shaft 12 tangentially arranged so that the incoming combustion products on the circular Wall of the combustion shaft 12 guided along and accordingly are set into a rotational movement. Because at the same time, as mentioned above, there is an increasing movement, there is practically a spiral movement indicated near 17 in FIG. 1 at 17 inside the combustion shaft 12. As a result of the rotation This results in good wall contact and therefore good heat exchange with the wall of the combustion shaft 12, which is positive the reliability of afterburning regardless of throughput affects.
- FIG. 1 To ensure a good admixture of secondary air, here are how Figure 2 can be seen further, several bottom ventilation holes 15 are provided. These can therefore have a comparatively small cross section have, so that rays with high penetration and thus a good mixing with those entering the combustion shaft 12 transversely thereto Combustion products result.
- the ventilation holes 15 are arranged on a pitch circle close to the wall, expediently only the near the filling shaft Half of the circumference of this sub-circle is occupied, since here the Suction is best.
- Combustion shaft 12 In the smallest size of the boiler according to the invention, only one can Combustion shaft 12 may be provided. In the example shown, as FIG. 2 further shows, two cylindrical ones arranged side by side Combustion shafts 12 are provided. The side by side Combustion shafts 12 practically form one to the rear wall of the Filling chute 1 parallel row. Of course it would be conceivable, too to arrange more than two combustion shafts side by side. All the provided combustion ducts 12 are expediently the same educated.
- Each combustion shaft 12 has an inflow channel 13 on the bottom assigned.
- the inflow ducts 13 of all combustion ducts 12 are arranged so that their inlet cross-sections 13a, practically form the exit of the filling shaft 1, approximately evenly over the Distribute the filling shaft width, which spreads over the entire filling shaft width uniform burning guaranteed.
- the inflow channels 13 have expediently a rectangular cross section, the Cross-sectional height is greater than the cross-sectional width. This results in practically a slim flow band that fits neatly on the wall of the Filling chute 12 can create. All inlet channels 13 are expedient the same cross section.
- the combustion shafts 12 with associated inflow channels 13 and Ventilation holes 15 are in a refractory material, for example Chamotte, existing insert 18 integrated. This extends in one piece across the entire boiler width and accordingly across all existing combustion ducts 12. It would also be conceivable, several inserts each containing only one combustion shaft to be placed side by side. This practically results in a modular structure, where the boiler width depends on the required output changed.
- Each insert 18 is expediently divided into several over the height Blocks divided, which are placed on top of each other like chimneys can, which makes assembly easier.
- the block structure of the Insert 18 or the inserts 18 results in a large, the combustion channels 12 surrounding material accumulation and thus a high heat storage capacity. As a result, even with long operating periods fluctuating throughput as high as possible Temperature and thus a reliable afterburning of the Combustion shafts 12 flowing gases reached as a result of spiral flow close to the wall into an intensive wall-side Heat exchange come.
- the heat exchange zone 10 is accordingly with lamella-like, parallel to the rear wall of the filling shaft 1 arranged pockets 19 to which water can be applied Mistake.
- the insert 18 is here between the first and the second, the Filling shaft 1 facing pocket 19 arranged. These are accordingly in thermal contact with the insert 18.
- the others Pockets 19 delimit gap-shaped flow channels 20 between them the flue gases flow through here in parallel, which then to be deflected to the outlet port 11.
- the insert 18 is arranged at a distance from the floor.
- the Space below the insert 18 results in the entire width of the boiler continuous chamber which is connected to the secondary air inlet and thus acts as a distribution channel 21 through which the secondary air all ventilation holes 15 is distributed.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)
- Steam Or Hot-Water Central Heating Systems (AREA)
- Air Supply (AREA)
Description
- Figur 1
- einen Vertikalschnitt durch einen erfindungsgemäßen, mit Holz beheizbaren Heizkessel und
- Figur 2
- einen Querschnitt entlang der Linie II/II in Figur 1.
Claims (10)
- Heizkessel mit einem mit festen Brennstoffen, insbesondere Holz, befüllbaren und mit Verbrennungsluft beaufschlagbaren, für bodenseitigen Abbrand eingerichteten Füllschacht (1), von dem ein zu einem Abgasauslaß (11) führender Strömungsweg abgeht, der über eine dem Füllschacht (1) benachbarte, mit Verbrennungsgasen und Sekundärluft beaufschlagbare, von unten nach oben durchströmte Verbrennungszone (9) und eine dieser nachgeordnete Wärmetauschzone (10) führt, wobei die Verbrennungszone (9) wenigstens einen mit stehender Achse angeordneten, kaminförmigen Verbrennungsschacht (12) aufweist, der an seinem unteren Ende über wenigstens einen tangential einmündenden Einströmkanal (13) mit dem Füllschacht (1) verbunden ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der in feuerfestem Material vorgesehene Verbrennungsschacht (12) über wenigstens ein bodenseitig vorgesehenes, wandnah angeordnetes Belüftungsloch (15) mit Sekundärluft beaufschlagbar ist.
- Heizkessel nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Verbrennungszone (9) mehrere, vorzugsweise zwei, parallele, kaminförmige Verbrennungschächte (12) aufweist, die in Form einer zur benachbarten Füllschachtwand parallelen Reihe angeordnet sind.
- Heizkessel nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß alle Verbrennungsschächte (12) gleich, vorzugsweise jeweils als Zylinder mit über der ganzen Höhe gleichbleibendem, kreisförmigem Querschnitt ausgebildet sind.
- Heizkessel nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Verbrennungsschacht (12) bzw. die Verbrennungsschächte (12) jeweils eine vom Niveau des Bodens des Füllschachts (1) bis in den oberen Kesselbereich reichende Höhe aufweist bzw. aufweisen.
- Heizkessel nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die jeweils vorhandenen Einströmkanäle (13) mit ihren Eingangsquerschnitten (13a) gleichmäßig über die Breite der zugeordneten Wand des Füllschachts (1) verteilt sind.
- Heizkessel nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jedem Verbrennungsschacht (12) ein Einströmkanal (13) zugeordnet ist.
- Heizkessel nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jeder Einströmkanal (13) einen rechteckförmigen Querschnitt mit größerer Höhe als Breite aufweist.
- Heizkessel nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jedem Verbrennungsschacht (12) mehrere, auf einem wandnahen Teilkreis, vorzugsweise im Bereich des dem Füllschacht (1) zugewandten Umfangsbereichs des Teilkreises, angeordnete, bohrungsförmige Belüftungslöcher (15) zugeordnet sind.
- Heizkessel nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Verbrennungszone (9) wenigstens ein aus feuerfestem Material bestehender, wenigstens einen Verbrennungsschacht (12) enthaltender Einsatz (18) zugeordnet ist, der vorzugsweise aus aufeinander aufsetzbaren Formsteinen gemauert ist.
- Heizkessel nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Einsatz (18) zwischen zwei Taschen (19) der Wärmetauscheinrichtung (10) angeordnet ist, die weitere, mit Strömungsspalte (20) bildendem Abstand hintereinander gestaffelte Taschen (19) aufweist.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19612403A DE19612403A1 (de) | 1996-03-28 | 1996-03-28 | Heizkessel |
DE19612403 | 1996-03-28 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0798510A2 EP0798510A2 (de) | 1997-10-01 |
EP0798510A3 EP0798510A3 (de) | 1998-04-08 |
EP0798510B1 true EP0798510B1 (de) | 2000-06-21 |
Family
ID=7789766
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP97101776A Expired - Lifetime EP0798510B1 (de) | 1996-03-28 | 1997-02-05 | Heizkessel |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0798510B1 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE194030T1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE19612403A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
RU2134838C1 (ru) | 1999-01-14 | 1999-08-20 | Скроцкий Виктор Георгиевич | Печь |
AT6578U3 (de) * | 1999-09-15 | 2004-05-25 | Lignotech Entwicklung Von Biom | Vorrichtung zum verbrennen biogener brennstoffe |
DE50005011D1 (de) | 1999-09-15 | 2004-02-19 | Lignotech Entwicklung Von Biom | Vorrichtung zum Verbrennen biogener Brennstoffe |
AT410254B (de) * | 2000-09-01 | 2003-03-25 | Froeling Heizkessel Und Behael | Brennkammer für einen mit festbrennstoffen beheizbaren kessel |
DE102007023051A1 (de) * | 2007-05-15 | 2008-11-20 | Martin Ahrends | Kessel mit Brennmaterial aufnehmenden Brennraum |
CZ201374A3 (cs) * | 2013-02-04 | 2015-03-11 | Step Trutnov A.S. | Kotel pro spalování celých balíků biomasy |
DE102013210985A1 (de) * | 2013-06-12 | 2014-12-31 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Kleinfeuerungsanlage mit Einbau |
FR3031573B1 (fr) * | 2015-01-14 | 2017-01-27 | Planete Bois | Generateur a buches de bois a combustion laterale a hautes performances energetiques et environnementales |
ES2925384T3 (es) * | 2019-09-26 | 2022-10-17 | Oekofen Forschungs Und Entw M B H | Dispositivo de calefacción |
CN115388459B (zh) * | 2022-08-16 | 2023-04-18 | 湖北鑫星节能炉具有限公司 | 一种具有烤火功能的环保型柴火炉 |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4210995A (en) * | 1977-09-12 | 1980-07-08 | Heimburg Richard W | Method of constructing a burner |
CH671822A5 (en) * | 1987-02-09 | 1989-09-29 | Haefliger Ag Geb | Solid fuel fired boiler - has after burning chamber connected to primary combustion chamber by mixing tube |
SE463576B (sv) * | 1989-08-04 | 1990-12-10 | Jan Wiklund | Braennare foer fasta braenslen, foersedd med anordningar foer aastadkommande av fullstaendig foerbraenning |
DE29605801U1 (de) * | 1996-03-28 | 1996-06-27 | Georg Fischer GmbH & Co, 89312 Günzburg | Heizkessel |
-
1996
- 1996-03-28 DE DE19612403A patent/DE19612403A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1997
- 1997-02-05 EP EP97101776A patent/EP0798510B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-02-05 AT AT97101776T patent/ATE194030T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-02-05 DE DE59701903T patent/DE59701903D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0798510A2 (de) | 1997-10-01 |
ATE194030T1 (de) | 2000-07-15 |
EP0798510A3 (de) | 1998-04-08 |
DE19612403A1 (de) | 1997-10-02 |
DE59701903D1 (de) | 2000-07-27 |
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