EP0798443B1 - Procédé de forage directionnel - Google Patents

Procédé de forage directionnel Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0798443B1
EP0798443B1 EP97104675A EP97104675A EP0798443B1 EP 0798443 B1 EP0798443 B1 EP 0798443B1 EP 97104675 A EP97104675 A EP 97104675A EP 97104675 A EP97104675 A EP 97104675A EP 0798443 B1 EP0798443 B1 EP 0798443B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tool
drilling
string
driven
angular velocity
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP97104675A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0798443A2 (fr
EP0798443A3 (fr
Inventor
Franz-Josef Püttmann
Alfons Hesse
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Tracto Technik GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Tracto Technik GmbH and Co KG
Tracto Technik Paul Schmidt Spezialmaschinen KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Tracto Technik GmbH and Co KG, Tracto Technik Paul Schmidt Spezialmaschinen KG filed Critical Tracto Technik GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP0798443A2 publication Critical patent/EP0798443A2/fr
Publication of EP0798443A3 publication Critical patent/EP0798443A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0798443B1 publication Critical patent/EP0798443B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
    • E21B17/18—Pipes provided with plural fluid passages
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/003—Drilling with mechanical conveying means
    • E21B7/005—Drilling with mechanical conveying means with helical conveying means
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/04—Directional drilling
    • E21B7/06—Deflecting the direction of boreholes
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/04—Directional drilling
    • E21B7/06—Deflecting the direction of boreholes
    • E21B7/064—Deflecting the direction of boreholes specially adapted drill bits therefor
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/04—Directional drilling
    • E21B7/06—Deflecting the direction of boreholes
    • E21B7/067—Deflecting the direction of boreholes with means for locking sections of a pipe or of a guide for a shaft in angular relation, e.g. adjustable bent sub
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/04—Directional drilling
    • E21B7/06—Deflecting the direction of boreholes
    • E21B7/068—Deflecting the direction of boreholes drilled by a down-hole drilling motor

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for directional drilling with the help of a mechanical and / or hydraulic degrading drilling device that allows it to be optional work straight or along a curved path.
  • Such drilling devices consist of a rotating and / or impact driven drill pipe with a Drill head of very different designs.
  • the drill pipe is usually on a rail-guided, mounted on a slide connected to a linear drive and has a rotary or rotary impact drive, with which the linkage starts to rotate and can also be driven into the ground if necessary.
  • the respective angular position of the eccentricity depends on the direction of curvature of the earth hole to be made, however, the eccentricity is always on the Inside of the curved track, where it has the effect a pivot unfolded while you opposite side when mechanically advancing the Linkage or the drill head by pushing and / or Striking - without rotation - as if in the ground a shoulder sliding along a guardrail or Sliding shoe works.
  • the one in front of the drill head Soil becomes during the rotation-free curve drilling displaced laterally from the drill head and / or with the help of a sharp liquid jet more or less reduced. But that's only for not too solid and obstacle-free floors possible, which also displace to let.
  • U.S. Patent 3,878,903 describes a device with a rod made of a rotatable outer tube and a driven inner linkage, which with a Removal tool is connected.
  • the drill pipe is in the Angled near the drill head and therefore allows a curve drilling in which both the curve radius as well as the direction of curvature by adjusting the angle of the drill pipe can be changed.
  • At continuously rotating rod is a straight drilling with a significantly enlarged diameter of the earth channel possible. This diameter corresponds to the envelope diameter the tip of the drill head and is the bigger, the more the front boom section is angled is.
  • the European patent application also describes 0 247 767 one with a rotary / push linkage connected drill head with an inclined surface, the one Drilling straight ahead is allowed as long as the drill head is even rotates, and without drilling a curve drilling lateral displacement of the one in front of the drill head Soil.
  • a similarly working device describes the European Patent 0 195 559, the angled However, provide the drill head with a concentric nozzle is from which a high pressure jet for loosening and dismantling of the soil in front of the drill head emerges.
  • the drill head In order to be able to locate the drill head in the ground, can be in the drill head with batteries, for example Energy-supplied transmitter can be arranged, with measuring devices is provided, which make it possible to determine at what depth the drill head and where it is in the ground, like the slope and roll of the drill head with respect to its axis, i.e. the Angular position of the inclined surface with respect to the longitudinal axis is.
  • the temperature of the drill head can also be changed be determined.
  • the measured data are arranged in the drill head Transmitter to a receiver on the surface of the earth transferred and displayed there. From there, the data wireless to the operator at a turn and Feed unit sent and also displayed there. A steering maneuver can be triggered on the basis of this data.
  • the known methods and devices for directional drilling are all based on the principle that the Drill pipe rotates and while drilling straight ahead accordingly the drill head has an enveloping circle with a diameter describes the larger, mostly much larger is as the drill rod diameter, while the linkage does not turn during cornering and the drilling operation by thrust and / or impact alone happens.
  • the resulting earth channel runs more or less zigzag or - depending on the nature of the drill head - corkscrew-like.
  • This affects later expansion of the Pilot drilling with the help of an expanding head and / or when pulling one in Pipeline in the pilot hole extremely disadvantageous because of the earth hole irregular in the particularly critical curve area runs and has an uneven wall that the expanding head and / or the pull-in tube opposes a high sliding resistance.
  • US Pat. No. 5,305,838 describes a method which works with a hollow rod in which there is another rod extends the rotational movement of a "downhole" motor on a hollow rod transfers with a tool.
  • This tool can be moved sideways relocate; however, it only revolves around an axis that the Corresponds to the axis of the boom.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to create a method that is a gentle change of direction that is gentle on the rods and the drill head allowed and largely in the corner area smooth-walled earth channel with even curvature.
  • the solution to this task is based on the idea of being eccentric arranged driven moving on a circular path Removal tool the usual in the conventional methods Steering step for each curved track or track section - without stopping the rotating one Drill pipe - in a variety of individual steering steps with minimal Dissolve steering effect in order to have a continuous to achieve controlled propulsion.
  • the invention consists in a method for directional drilling with the help of a drilling device with a driven rotating rod and an eccentrically arranged moving on a circular path powered tool, which when drilling straight ahead with essentially constant angular velocity while moving on the circular path when drilling curves, the angular speed compared to a reference speed periodically temporarily changed, i.e. increased or decreased becomes.
  • the inventive method therefore works during the Cornering at pulsating angular speed.
  • the reference speed here is the angular speed understand that when drilling with non-pulsating or constant angular velocity would ensure straight drilling and the opposite the change in angular velocity according to the invention takes place.
  • the changed angular speed represents the steering speed, which is only effective during a certain angular range.
  • a cornering can be done in such a way that the Angular velocity is changed once per revolution.
  • the change can be abrupt or continuous and / or take place after several revolutions. ever the more frequent the changes, the more even and the change of direction is gentler.
  • the radius of curvature depends cornering from the ratio between the reference speed and the steering speed depending on the intensity of the mining and - displacing the two, the reference speed on the one hand and the steering speed on the other corresponding sections of the envelope circle determined, the results from a rotation of the tool.
  • the inventive method over a time axis graphically, then results depending on the rate of change - with an abrupt change - a meandering and - with constant change - a sinusoidal Curve when the degree of speed change is always the same. However, this does not need to be the case his; because it is also possible to use it in phases different changes in angular velocity to work.
  • the change takes place
  • angular velocity in the same time Intervals take place as long as the cornering continues.
  • the steering effect can be with the invention Support the process by staggering preferably while rotating with the Reference speed is an acceleration stroke or -exerted thrust on the drill pipe and / or the drill head becomes.
  • the drill head and the removal tool are procured, plays with the invention Process does not matter; the only decisive factor is that the Drill head or the removal tool located on the drill head while the boom rotation describes an envelope circle, therefore there is an eccentricity or asymmetry is.
  • Procedures also question several tools, accordingly are grouped eccentrically.
  • a dismantling tool depending on the nature of the soil, one, a degrading one Cutting beam delivering, on the axis of rotation arranged nozzle serve.
  • a powered device Drill pipe from a curved guide or outer tube and a driven one mounted in the guide tube Tool is a powered device Drill pipe from a curved guide or outer tube and a driven one mounted in the guide tube Tool.
  • the guide tube can be in the drill head adjacent part angled and / or with a steering surface be provided.
  • a conventional one Drive such as in the German Patent specification 35 03 893 is described and part this description should be.
  • the drill head or the removal tool To drive hydraulically with the help of a so-called mud motor, which as a drive medium at the same time as Coolant and / or transport medium for the dismantled Soil to be used liquid medium, for example a bentonite / water suspension, is fed.
  • Mud motors can only be used to a limited extent because their performance from the pressure or the amount of them fed Drive fluid depends. Great torques and dismantling services therefore require correspondingly large Amounts of fluid that have significant problems bring. Is it a - often thixotropic - Bentonite / water suspension, then there are high costs for bentonite consumption. Transport also leads the suspension through the drill string to a strong one Wear.
  • the drill pipe consists of one preferably hollow strand with an eccentrically arranged Dismantling tool that occurs when turning the drill pipe moved on an enveloping circle. This can be done with With the help of a slightly curved boom or with a Arrangement of the drilling tool outside the rod or Axis of rotation can be effected.
  • the drill pipe can also consist of two concentric ones Pipes exist, each with its own rotary drive have.
  • the inner tube is connected to the drill head or connected to a removal tool, while the outer tube with Tools occupied or provided with a drill bit can be.
  • the mining tool that Drill head and / or the guide tube with nozzles for one preferably liquid supplied through the inner tube be provided.
  • the liquid can be used for cooling Removal of the loosened soil or in the form of a sharp beam to dig the soil.
  • the axis of rotation of the drill head or the removal tool can be arranged eccentrically with respect to the rod axis be a tool movement when rotating the boom to generate on the envelope circle mentioned.
  • Removal of the loosened soil can be done via a Annular gap between the guide tube and the ground happen if the diameter of the removal tool is larger is than the diameter of the guide tube. better is, however, a discharge through the guide tube, for what overburden openings in the drill head and / or in the guide tube must be located.
  • the internal removal through the Guide tube can be arranged with the help of one Screw conveyor and / or by means of nozzles for one Improve fluid.
  • a drill head 4 is located at the end of the drill pipe 3 with a steering surface or slope 5, which with the drill pipe 3 is rotatably connected.
  • the front edge of the Oblique acts as a dismantling tool and describes the Rotate the boom an envelope around the boom axis.
  • a transmitter 6 is arranged in the drilling head 4, the wirelessly transmits data to a receiver 7, which is to the depth of the drill head 4 below the surface of the earth, the location of the drill head 4 in the ground, its inclination, the Angular position of the steering surface 5 with respect to the longitudinal axis of the Drill head 4 and possibly the temperature at Obtain drill head 4.
  • a radio link between the Transmitter 6 and a receiver 7 is through the dashed line 8 indicated.
  • Another radio link 9 transmits the aforementioned Data from the receiver 7 on a display device 10 near one arranged at the start 11 beating rotary and feed unit 12.
  • This rotary and Feed unit 12 has a rotary drive 13 for the drill pipe 3, one which acts on the drill pipe 3 Impact mechanism 14 and a feed drive 15.
  • the drill pipe 3 is with the turning and feed unit coupled via a drill pipe connection 16.
  • a cable connection leads from the display device 10 to a switch box 17 with control panel, by means of which is possible via a cable connection 18, the rotary drive 13, the striking mechanism 14 and the feed drive 15 to control.
  • the device shown in Fig. 1 can be operate two different ways. Will the drill pipe 3 rotating and pushing through the ground 2 driven, creates a straight hole. The possible deflection due to the steering surface 5 on the drill head of the off-center drilling head 4 by the even rotation of the drill pipe 3 neutralized.
  • FIG. 1 Device initiated in that the rotary movement (Angular velocity) of the drill head 4, for example in the area of the shown control position or angular position the inclined surface 5 with respect to the drill pipe 3 during a short turn to a certain one Steering speed slowed down or in the opposite this position by 180 ° offset angular position for a short time is accelerated. In this way, one follows curved curve below, as long as this periodic Speed change takes place.
  • Angular velocity rotary movement of the drill head 4
  • the drill pipe consists of two concentric strands and itself on one of the strands where the steering surface 5 in one Tip or cutting edge ends, at least one tool is that can be powered and on one Envelope circle around the rod axis moves when the strand rotates with which the tool is connected.
  • This is for example possible with one of two concentric Pipe existing linkage, in which the inner tube with an eccentrically arranged tool or the outer tube in a limited section of its End face is designed as a drill bit.
  • the drill pipe consists of a bent drill lance 19 with a bore 20.21 leading to a mud motor 22 leads through the bore 20,21 with drive fluid is supplied.
  • the mud motor drives a centric arranged removal tool 23 with nozzles 24 on, over which the drive fluid exits to the To support soil mining and / or the extraction of dissolved soil over the annular space 25 between the Drill lance 19 and the soil 2 to improve.
  • the drilling lance 19 contains a measuring and transmitting unit 26 to record and forward the necessary for steering Measurement data.
  • FIG. 3 Another one-pipe linkage 27 is shown in FIG. 3 and contains a mud motor 28, which has a Hose line 29 supplied with drive fluid is the eccentric the mud motor via nozzles 30 of an arranged removal tool 31 leaves.
  • the front end of the drill pipe 27 is filled with tools 32 and has a steering bevel 33 which is at a Cornering on the wall adjacent to it Tool 31 supports earth channel. The cornering takes place when the drill pipe 27 in Range of the angular position shown in FIG. 5 is rotated for a short time at a speed that from the reference speed positive or negative different.
  • the removal tool 31 can be according to the illustration in Fig. 4 with a double-pipe linkage an outer tube 34 also via a tubular inner rod drive that from several, each via universal joints 35 interconnected sections 36,37,38 exists.
  • the cardan joints can be omitted if the inner linkage is sufficiently flexible.
  • the guide is or outer tube 42 of the drill pipe angled while the inner tube consists of a pipe string 43 which over a universal joint 44 with an inner tube section 45 in Connection is established, the non-rotatable with a removal tool 46 is connected.
  • the diameter of the removal tool 46 is larger than the diameter of the guide tube 42 and therefore creates an annular space 47 over which the loosened and with the nozzle 46 of the mining tool 46 escaping liquid mixed peripheral soil is promoted.
  • All of the exemplary embodiments have one thing in common that itself with a substantially smooth movement the eccentric with respect to the axis of rotation of the boom arranged removal tool on an enveloping circle around the Axis of rotation a straight drilling section and at a Rotate with preferably regularly pulsating Angular velocity gives a curve, whose Radius of curvature from drill pipe geometry and / or the drilling tool and the speed deviation in relation to the reference speed depends.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Automatic Control Of Machine Tools (AREA)
  • Perforating, Stamping-Out Or Severing By Means Other Than Cutting (AREA)
  • Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)

Claims (18)

  1. Procédé de forage directionnel à l'aide d'un dispositif de forage comprenant
    une tringlerie de forage entraínée (3 ; 19 ; 27 ; 34 ; 39, 40 ; 42, 43 ; 48 ; 50) et
    un outil d'abattage entraíné (4 ; 23 ; 31; 46 ; 51) agencé de manière excentrée et accomplissant un mouvement sur une trajectoire circulaire, autour de l'axe de la tringlerie, procédé dans lequel,
    au cours du forage rectiligne, l'outil est mis en mouvement sur la trajectoire circulaire avec une vitesse angulaire sensiblement constante, et
    ladite vitesse angulaire est modifiée périodiquement lors du forage curviligne.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que la vitesse angulaire est modifiée une fois, pour chaque tour complet de l'outil, dans une plage angulaire déterminée.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé par le fait que la vitesse angulaire est modifiée, au cours du déplacement curviligne, selon des intervalles égaux dans le temps.
  4. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé par le fait qu'une impulsion ou une poussée d'accélération est exercée, sur la tringlerie, avec décalage temporel vis-à-vis de la modification de la vitesse.
  5. Procédé selon la revendication 4, caractérisé par le fait que l'impulsion ou la poussée d'accélération intervient durant la phase de vitesse angulaire supérieure.
  6. Dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, comprenant une tringlerie de forage entraínée (3 ; 19 ; 27 ; 34 ; 39, 40 ; 42, 43 ; 48 ; 50) et au moins un outil d'abattage entraíné (4 ; 23 ; 31; 46 ; 51) agencé de manière excentrée par rapport à l'axe de forage et décrivant un cercle enveloppant, lors de la rotation de la tringlerie, avec vitesse angulaire se modifiant périodiquement au cours du forage curviligne.
  7. Dispositif selon la revendication 6, caractérisé par une tringlerie de forage comprenant une tubulure de guidage (19, 42) coudée ou arquée, et un outil entraíné (23, 46) logé dans ladite tubulure de guidage.
  8. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 6 ou 7, caractérisé par le fait que la tringlerie de forage (3) se compose de deux tubulures concentriques (39, 40 ; 42, 43).
  9. Dispositif selon la revendication 8, caractérisé par le fait que la tubulure intérieure (36, 37, 38 ; 40 ; 52) est entraínée et est reliée à un outil d'abattage (31, 46, 51).
  10. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 6 à 9, caractérisé par le fait que l'outil (23, 31, 46) est pourvu de buses {24, 30, 47) destinées à un liquide délivré par l'intermédiaire de la tubulure intérieure (36, 37, 38 ; 40 ; 52).
  11. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 6 et 8 à 10, caractérisé par le fait que l'outil (23, 31) est entraíné par un moteur à boue (22, 28), et le fluide d'entraínement est délivré par l'intermédiaire de la tringlerie (19, 27).
  12. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 6 à 11, caractérisé par le fait que la tringlerie (19 ; 42, 43) est coudée dans la partie antérieure.
  13. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 6 à 11, caractérisé par le fait que l'axe de rotation de l'outil d'abattage (31) occupe une position excentrée.
  14. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 6 à 13, caractérisé par le fait que la tringlerie (27, 34) ou l'outil (4) est muni(e) d'une surface directrice (5, 33).
  15. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 8 à 12, caractérisé par le fait que l'extrémité antérieure de la tubulure extérieure (27, 34, 39) est garnie d'outils (32).
  16. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 6 à 15, caractérisé par le fait que la tringlerie (39) est dotée d'au moins un orifice de déblaiement (41).
  17. Dispositif selon la revendication 16, caractérisé par le fait que la tringlerie (39) renferme une vis sans fin convoyeuse (40, 58) et/ou des buses destinées à un liquide conçu pour évacuer la terre.
  18. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 8 et 15 à 17, caractérisé par le fait que la tubulure extérieure (48) est reliée, de manière articulée, à un segment tubulaire (50) voisin de l'outil d'abattage (51).
EP97104675A 1996-03-30 1997-03-19 Procédé de forage directionnel Expired - Lifetime EP0798443B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19612902 1996-03-30
DE19612902A DE19612902C2 (de) 1996-03-30 1996-03-30 Verfahren zum Richtungsbohren und eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0798443A2 EP0798443A2 (fr) 1997-10-01
EP0798443A3 EP0798443A3 (fr) 1999-02-24
EP0798443B1 true EP0798443B1 (fr) 2003-02-26

Family

ID=7790085

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP97104675A Expired - Lifetime EP0798443B1 (fr) 1996-03-30 1997-03-19 Procédé de forage directionnel

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US5937954A (fr)
EP (1) EP0798443B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH1030392A (fr)
AT (1) ATE233366T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE19612902C2 (fr)

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US5937954A (en) 1999-08-17
DE19612902A1 (de) 1997-10-02
DE59709365D1 (de) 2003-04-03
DE19612902C2 (de) 2000-05-11
JPH1030392A (ja) 1998-02-03
EP0798443A2 (fr) 1997-10-01
EP0798443A3 (fr) 1999-02-24
ATE233366T1 (de) 2003-03-15

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