EP0796500B1 - Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung eines kontaktstückes - Google Patents

Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung eines kontaktstückes Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0796500B1
EP0796500B1 EP96933439A EP96933439A EP0796500B1 EP 0796500 B1 EP0796500 B1 EP 0796500B1 EP 96933439 A EP96933439 A EP 96933439A EP 96933439 A EP96933439 A EP 96933439A EP 0796500 B1 EP0796500 B1 EP 0796500B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
powder
mould
base body
contact
metal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP96933439A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0796500A1 (de
Inventor
Dietmar Gentsch
Georg Sawitzki
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ABB Patent GmbH
Original Assignee
ABB Patent GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ABB Patent GmbH filed Critical ABB Patent GmbH
Publication of EP0796500A1 publication Critical patent/EP0796500A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0796500B1 publication Critical patent/EP0796500B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/02—Contacts characterised by the material thereof
    • H01H1/0203—Contacts characterised by the material thereof specially adapted for vacuum switches
    • H01H1/0206—Contacts characterised by the material thereof specially adapted for vacuum switches containing as major components Cu and Cr

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing a contact piece according to the Preamble of claim 1 (cf. DE 25 36 153 A1, Figure 3).
  • the contact piece has a sufficiently high electrical conductivity; to the others the contact piece must not be too fast when a switching arc occurs erode so that the service life of the switching device remains sufficiently long.
  • the contact arrangement is divided can be in contact pieces that carry the nominal current, and contact pieces, which lead the arc and must therefore be erosion-proof, can with one Vacuum switch no contact pieces carrying the nominal current are provided be so that the only contact piece arrangement both the rated current and must lead the arc.
  • the contacts for a vacuum switch are two or More metallic components have been produced, in which a sintered metallic Structure, which often consists essentially of chrome, is impregnated with copper, so that a contact body made of a chrome-copper alloy is created.
  • a sintered metallic Structure which often consists essentially of chrome
  • copper is impregnated with copper, so that a contact body made of a chrome-copper alloy is created.
  • chrome-copper contacts sintered metallurgically from a powder mixture of the corresponding metals are produced, here contact pieces arise that consist entirely of this mixture.
  • a contact plate made of the composite metal can be on a base body be applied; from DE 31 07 688 it is known, for example, that Coating the surface by a plasma spraying process.
  • DE 35 41 584 describes a method and an apparatus for producing Metal composite materials and contact pieces made with them for electrical Switchgear has become known in which with a suitable energy beam Surface of the base body melted in areas and powder active components the melting volume and be built into the base material.
  • the substrate surface i. H. the Surface of the carrier body melted locally and the additive in the form of a loose powder layer applied to the substrate surface; this makes it in the Powder layer is wetted or the powder layer is coated with the liquid Material impregnated from the melted local area, causing the powder the powder layer is integrated into the surface of the substrate and the desired one Surface layer is formed.
  • EP 0 099 066 A1 describes a method for producing a composite material made of chrome and copper, in a degassed form of work Chrome powder is poured, on which powder a piece of low-oxygen Copper is placed. Then the work form is closed with a porous lid, degassed, then the furnace temperature to a temperature below the Melting temperature of the copper increased, kept constant for a while and then continue to heat until the copper melts and the chrome powder spill is completely filled with liquid copper. With this process flow A chrome-copper composite block is made that is required in contact pieces Geometry is broken down.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a method for producing a contact piece create that is easy to carry out and in which a contact piece is made which, on the one hand, has good electrical conductivity with high arc erosion resistance as has sufficient mechanical strength.
  • the second material for forming the sintered structure should be in powder form or applied in the form of a presintered plate (green compact) to the first material become. After that, the materials are first brought to a sintering temperature or degassing temperature below the melting temperature of the first material to be produced the sintered structure and then both above the melting temperature of the first Heated material.
  • the two materials are thus preferably cup-like Form introduced that the first material on the bottom side and the second material are arranged on the open side of the cup-like shape; that forms the first Material the base body and the second material the sintered structure for the contact surface.
  • the second material is powdered onto the first Material applied or sprinkled.
  • the second material is in the form of a prescreen, So a green body is placed on the first material, after which both materials are first to a sintering temperature below the melting temperature of the first material to create the sintered structure and then the melting temperature of the first Heated material.
  • the copper wets the inner wall of the steel mold, so that if the amount of powder is at the same level or below the edge of the Shape, the applied chrome copper layer sinks inwards from the edge, so that the entire contact body layer during post-processing in the edge area is turned off.
  • the mold is overfilled with powder, so that the powder reaches the edge of the Form dominates.
  • a form ring is placed on the Base body placed, which ensures that the powder is tapered in the edge area is; the cone angle is an embankment angle that depends on the grain size of the powder. In any case, such an angle must be chosen so that the powder do not trickle down to the outside in this area.
  • the base body can also have a cup-shaped depression on its contact side have, into which the second material is introduced; the edge of the depression should then protrude the edge of the shape.
  • the cup-like shape can be made of metal, preferably steel or stainless steel; This shape then remains on the finished contact piece as a so-called lost shape.
  • This lost shape has the advantage of being opposite to that of the contact surface lying side the contact piece mechanically reinforced and stiffened. Used If you use ferritic steel, you will expediently become the wall of the bowl shape only partially remove it, to the extent that when switching off the Arc does not reach the end edge of the form from the ferritic steel. Hereby you get another advantage: there are different types of contact pieces, for example Spiral contact pieces, between which a radial magnetic field when switched off is produced. The arc contracts and is shaped by the spiral shape in Rotation offset.
  • the mold can have a bottom made of carbon (graphite) and a wall made of ceramic pressed against the bottom.
  • the inner surface of the wall made of ceramic is not wetted by the first material, so that after solidification the surface is convex.
  • Al 2 O 3 can advantageously be used as the ceramic.
  • chrome powder any type of metal can of course be used instead of chrome powder alone, provided that its melting temperature is above that of the melting temperature of the carrier body.
  • chrome alone any other metal can be used and mixtures of these metals can be used.
  • the invention can also be used to produce contact pieces for Switching devices are used that are not vacuum interrupters. If instead a plate-shaped base body shape, the base body has a rounded dome shape having. then this can also be used in a form made of steel, for example are: it is then completely filled with the second material, so that the dome-shaped body is completely covered; here too is an overcrowding of Form with the second material makes sense in the same way as with the disc-shaped Contact pieces.
  • the thickness of the contact layer is also determined with the thickness of the powder layer; ever Depending on the grain size of the powder and sintering process, the proportion of chromium in the Contact layer can be varied.
  • a contact piece with a base body made of electrically highly conductive material, preferably made of copper, and a contact layer, preferably made of chrome-copper is like manufactured as follows:
  • a base body 13 made of copper is inserted, which has a cup-shaped depression 14 with an axially projecting edge 15 on its contact-side surface; Chrome powder 16 is filled into the bowl shape 14, 15.
  • the annular gap 17 between the inner surface of the mold 10 and the outer surface of the base body 13 should be as narrow as possible.
  • the mold 10 with the base body 13 and the chrome powder 16 (hereinafter also referred to as contact layer 16) is introduced into a high vacuum furnace and subjected to a heat treatment according to FIG. 14.
  • the arrangement is heated to a temperature T 1 , which is below the melting point of the material from which the base body 13 is made.
  • the temperature T 1 must be less than 1,083 ° C.
  • the arrangement is degassed and the powder 16 sinters together through the fusion and forms a porous structure, a sintered structure.
  • T 2 which is above the melting point of copper but below the melting point of the chrome powder
  • the sintered structure is impregnated with copper, so that the contact layer is formed.
  • the cooling then takes place inside the furnace, with a shield 18 being arranged around the arrangement according to FIG. 6, each having an opening 19 and 20 in the wall 21 and 22 running parallel to the bottom 11 of the mold 10 in the region of the central axis MM of the arrangement the shield 18 has.
  • the shape is made of a material made of the copper of the base body 13 is not wetted.
  • the shape 24 is made of metal, stainless steel or steel manufactured; this form is wetted by copper and is then a so-called lost Shape; it is part of the contact piece.
  • a cover or a plate 25 is on the collar 15 applied, which has holes 26, through the powder during the sintering and degassing process the gas can escape.
  • the outside diameter of the Plate 25 may be smaller than the inner diameter of the collar 15; then the plate can 25 are pressed against the powder with a certain pressure force, whereby the Size of the cavities formed during the sintering and degassing process is affected can be.
  • a plate 31 made of copper is inserted into the mold 24.
  • a ring 32 is placed, which has a radial collar 33 and has a cylindrical projection 34.
  • the cylindrical projection 34 has an outer diameter that fits snugly into the wall 28 of the mold 24.
  • the inner surface 35 of the cylindrical projection 32 is conical, namely to Bottom 24 designed to expand.
  • the angle ⁇ that a surface line with the neighboring one Surface of the copper plate 31 forms. is to be measured in this way. that that on the Plate 31 placed powder 36 does not trickle down when the ring 32 is removed.
  • the angle ⁇ is practically a slope angle; it depends on the grain size of the Powder 36.
  • the form 24 is overcrowded and it forms a contact piece shape, in which the parting plane 16b Contact layer 16 and the base body 13a is very flat, provided that the adjacent one The surface of the base body 13a was flat. If the neighboring area of the base body 13a has a different shape, then this parting plane becomes this correspond to another shape since the sintered structure through this surface of the contact body or base body 13 is affected.
  • the mold is made from a non-wetting material, then it will form a convexly curved surface of the contact layer 16a, see also FIG. 13.
  • the base body can be 80 a ring 81 are placed, the outer diameter of the inner diameter the side wall 74 corresponds to the shape 75.
  • the ring 81 dominates the Margin 73.
  • the side wall 74 of the lost mold 75 is turned off, the free edge 76 being chamfered and below the parting plane 77 lies between the base body 78 and the contact layer 79, so that an arc does not contact the side wall 74 of the mold.
  • the mold 75 is made of ferritic material manufactured. This creates in the area of the side walls 74 between the 9 and FIG. 10 contact piece and a similarly formed, opposite Contact piece an axial magnetic field 83, which has other advantages has, especially if there are suitable measures between the opening ones Contact pieces an axial magnetic field is generated.
  • the base body is a disk, possibly with protruding edge drawn.
  • a shape 84 which corresponds to the shapes 24, 75
  • a dome-shaped base body 85 insert and the space 86 between the shape 84 and the base body 85 with Fill in powder 87, with the free surface 88 of the powder covering the edge 89 of the mold 84 protrudes and there again an embankment similar to the embankment 35 of FIG. 5 is formed becomes.
  • the dome-shaped base body 85 into the sintered structure through the powder 87 is formed, penetrate and by a suitable cutting Post-processing can thereby form a dome-shaped contact piece, which is used as an arcing break contact in a high-voltage circuit breaker can be used in which an insulating gas is used as the extinguishing medium.
  • the shape according to FIG. 1 is a ceramic shape, which can be made of Al 2 O 3 , for example.
  • a mold which has a carbon plate (graphite plate) 90 on which a cylindrical ring 91 made of Al 2 O 3 is placed.
  • a base body is inserted on the plate, which, since it is the same as the base bodies according to FIGS. 1 to 4, is given the reference number 13.
  • the ring 91 must be pressed against the plate 90 with mechanical force F in order to prevent liquid copper from escaping through the gap between the ring 91 and the plate 90.
  • the contact layer 92 is convexly curved, in particular in the peripheral edge, since the copper of the base body 13 does not wet the ceramic ring.
  • oxygen-free, highly conductive copper is preferably used for the base body; Chrome powder is used to form the contact layer.
  • any type of material can be used for both the base body and the contact layer, provided that the material of the base body is electrically conductive and the material for the contact layer is erosion-resistant and has a low tendency to weld.
  • Copper and chrome are just common materials that are commonly used in vacuum interrupters.
  • the copper-chromium mixture ratio can be set in a wide range by sintered metallurgy, so that the electrical resistance value, the arc resistance and the tendency to weld can be optimized.
  • the chrome powder can have different grain sizes or only a grain size in a narrow size range. Grains of different shapes can also be used, it being additionally possible to use a mixture of chrome-copper powder to form the sintered structure for the contact layer.
  • the problem with using a mold made of steel or stainless steel is that a certain amount of steel alloyed into the copper melt. If necessary, the inner surface of the mold 24 could be covered with a sheet of material that is in the Copper melt is insoluble, e.g. B. tungsten or molybdenum, so that the Form of the copper melt, similar to the version with the coating 29, 30 with ceramic, is separated.
  • a sheet of material that is in the Copper melt is insoluble, e.g. B. tungsten or molybdenum, so that the Form of the copper melt, similar to the version with the coating 29, 30 with ceramic, is separated.
  • a high vacuum furnace is used to manufacture contact pieces for a vacuum switch be used so that the chrome powder can be degassed sufficiently can.
  • a protective gas atmosphere could also be used prevail in the oven.

Landscapes

  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Switches (AREA)
  • High-Tension Arc-Extinguishing Switches Without Spraying Means (AREA)
EP96933439A 1995-10-10 1996-10-02 Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung eines kontaktstückes Expired - Lifetime EP0796500B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19537657A DE19537657A1 (de) 1995-10-10 1995-10-10 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung eines Kontaktstückes
DE19537657 1995-10-10
PCT/EP1996/004294 WO1997014163A1 (de) 1995-10-10 1996-10-02 Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung eines kontaktstückes

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0796500A1 EP0796500A1 (de) 1997-09-24
EP0796500B1 true EP0796500B1 (de) 2001-09-12

Family

ID=7774453

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP96933439A Expired - Lifetime EP0796500B1 (de) 1995-10-10 1996-10-02 Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung eines kontaktstückes

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US6010659A (ja)
EP (1) EP0796500B1 (ja)
JP (1) JP3652706B2 (ja)
CN (1) CN1070635C (ja)
DE (2) DE19537657A1 (ja)
WO (1) WO1997014163A1 (ja)

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DE19612143B4 (de) * 1996-03-27 2005-05-04 Abb Patent Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Spiralkontaktstückes für eine Vakuumkammer und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
US6248969B1 (en) * 1997-09-19 2001-06-19 Hitachi, Ltd. Vacuum circuit breaker, and vacuum bulb and vacuum bulb electrode used therefor
DE19746316A1 (de) * 1997-10-21 1999-04-22 Abb Patent Gmbh Axialmagnetfeldkontaktstück für eine Vakuumkammer und Verfahren zur Herstellung desselben
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DE19902499C2 (de) * 1999-01-22 2001-02-22 Moeller Gmbh Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Kontaktanordnung für eine Vakuumschaltröhre
JP3654493B2 (ja) * 1999-03-16 2005-06-02 タイコエレクトロニクスアンプ株式会社 フレキシブル回路基板の接続構造
DE19933111A1 (de) * 1999-07-15 2001-01-18 Abb Patent Gmbh Vakuumkammer und Verfahren zur Herstellung der Vakuumkammer
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EP1997574A1 (en) * 2007-06-01 2008-12-03 ABB Technology AG Method for production of a contact piece for a switchgear assembly, as well as a contact piece itself
CN101834077B (zh) * 2010-04-16 2012-02-01 河南理工大学 一种制造纯铜/铜铬合金复合触头材料的方法
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WO2014002127A1 (ja) * 2012-06-25 2014-01-03 株式会社栗本鐵工所 長尺軽金属ビレット及びその製造方法
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CN113278963B (zh) * 2021-04-28 2022-12-20 陕西斯瑞新材料股份有限公司 一种利用冷喷涂成型制备的铜铬合金端环及其制备方法

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US6010659A (en) 2000-01-04
DE59607681D1 (de) 2001-10-18
CN1166231A (zh) 1997-11-26
JP3652706B2 (ja) 2005-05-25
WO1997014163A1 (de) 1997-04-17
DE19537657A1 (de) 1997-04-17
JPH11501766A (ja) 1999-02-09
CN1070635C (zh) 2001-09-05
EP0796500A1 (de) 1997-09-24

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