EP0790475B1 - Procédé et installation pour alimenter des lingots de métal dans un four de fusion - Google Patents

Procédé et installation pour alimenter des lingots de métal dans un four de fusion Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0790475B1
EP0790475B1 EP19960830259 EP96830259A EP0790475B1 EP 0790475 B1 EP0790475 B1 EP 0790475B1 EP 19960830259 EP19960830259 EP 19960830259 EP 96830259 A EP96830259 A EP 96830259A EP 0790475 B1 EP0790475 B1 EP 0790475B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ingot
picking
manipulator
melting furnace
vertical
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP19960830259
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0790475A1 (fr
Inventor
Achille Romano Zani
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LUMPRESS S.R.L.
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LUMPRESS Srl
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Publication date
Application filed by LUMPRESS Srl filed Critical LUMPRESS Srl
Priority to EP19960830259 priority Critical patent/EP0790475B1/fr
Priority to DE69623251T priority patent/DE69623251D1/de
Publication of EP0790475A1 publication Critical patent/EP0790475A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0790475B1 publication Critical patent/EP0790475B1/fr
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
    • B22D17/20—Accessories: Details
    • B22D17/28—Melting pots
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B3/00—Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Tank furnaces
    • F27B3/10—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to hearth-type furnaces
    • F27B3/18—Arrangements of devices for charging
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F27D3/0024—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge of metallic workpieces

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an automatic apparatus for charging ingots of metal materials into a melting furnace.
  • One known technique for executing said charging of the metal material is based on the direct manual intervention of an operator who, with the aid of simple tools, carries out handling of ingots, i.e. blocks of said metal material of even shape, for example in the form of a parallelepiped of a 50 x 100 mm section, which are 700 mm long and the weight of which is about 8-10 kg, so as to put them over the furnace mouth and plunge them into the underlying fused material bath.
  • the work autonomy of the machines using the material previously melted in a furnace is closely dependent on the possibility of ensuring the presence of an appropriate amount of this melted material in the furnace itself.
  • a 200 ton press carrying out pressing of a piece made of an aluminium alloy of a weight of 250 g and involving a production of 100 pieces per hour has a consumption of 25 kg of material per hour and therefore requires that about three ingots per hour should be introduced into the furnace, assuming that the unit weight of each ingot is about 8 kg.
  • this type of charging generally causes strong sudden temperature changes in the fused material bath due to the rapid admission of a great mass of cold material thereto, since necessarily the operator performs the charging operation by a quick succession of operating steps consisting in moving an ingot over the furnace mouth and immediately lowering it into the underlying bath, possibly releasing it when said ingot has its lower portion already partly immersed or very close to the liquid surface.
  • the melted mass of the metal present in the furnace therefore undergoes important temperature alterations which can cause a great reduction in the quality of the subsequently obtained castings, which poor quality is due to the formation of structural defects therein, such as hard points and pores.
  • the manually charged ingot at the moment it is plunged into the fused material bath, can have residual humidity traces on its surface which, due to a quick evaporation, can give rise to additional temperature irregularities and further reduce the quality of the final products.
  • a second known technique contemplates charging of holding furnaces by the use of ladles containing the metal material already in a melted state and fed by appropriate hoppers from big melting furnaces earlier pre-charged.
  • this second technique needs transportation of the melted material, which results in risks from an operative point of view and, in addition, a big amount of material is to be maintained to a constant temperature.
  • the technical task underlying the present invention is to devise an automatic apparatus for charging ingots of metal materials into melting furnaces, which process and apparatus are capable of substantially obviating the above drawbacks.
  • the device disclosed in this document is designed to achieve continuous feeding of metal in the melt bath as long as one ingot is attached to the device itself.
  • JP 06 312255 a machine for continuously feeding a melting furnace.
  • This machine essentially comprises a charging drum for the ingots and an automated feeding system for transferring the ingots from the charging drum to the furnace.
  • the feeding system controlling criterion is based on the detection of the melt metal bath level, and the immersion of a single ingot is performed gradually.
  • Another important aim of the invention is to devise an automatic apparatus for charging ingots of metal materials into a melting furnace which are capable of greatly increasing the quality of the products obtained from said metal materials.
  • a still further aim of the invention is to devise an apparatus enabling the operator's safety to be increased and the risks of damages to the melting furnace to be decreased.
  • a single ingot of metal material is positioned over the melting furnace mouth so as to carry out a first pre-heating of the ingot and is plunged into the fused material bath present in the melting furnace by lowering it in a controlled manner.
  • the automatic apparatus is generally denoted by reference numeral 1.
  • Apparatus 1 comprises handling means 2 to pick up at least one single metal ingot 11 from a picking up position and bring it to a position above a fused material bath of a melting furnace 12 and gradually plunging it thereinto. Apparatus 1 further provides for the use of control means capable of detecting the amount of fused metal present in the melting furnace 12 and correspondently operating said handling means.
  • the handling means 2 comprises a charge manipulator formed of a fixed support post 3 extending vertically, a transverse arm 4 in slidable engagement with the support post 3 along a vertical-translation direction 5 by means of vertical guides 6, a slide 7 slidably connected to the transverse arm 4 along a horizontal-translation direction 8 by means of horizontal guides 9, and a grasping unit 10 integral with the slide 7 and arranged to grasp the upper portion of an ingot of metal material 11 preferably disposed in a vertical orientation at a picking up position, to be plunged into a melting furnace 12.
  • Apparatus 1 further comprises an auxiliary unit, denoted by 13 independently of the distinct embodiments hereinafter described, adapted to define an ingot magazine for the charge manipulator 2 and comprising feeding members variously shaped and differently operating depending on the different embodiments, which are adapted to dispose each individual ingot in said picking up position provided for the charge manipulator 2.
  • auxiliary unit denoted by 13 independently of the distinct embodiments hereinafter described, adapted to define an ingot magazine for the charge manipulator 2 and comprising feeding members variously shaped and differently operating depending on the different embodiments, which are adapted to dispose each individual ingot in said picking up position provided for the charge manipulator 2.
  • the auxiliary unit 13 comprises a rotating storing table 14 extending around the fixed post 3 and provided with a plurality of seatings 15, twelve seatings for example, each adapted to house a vertically directed ingot 11.
  • a rotanting table having a greater number of seatings may be provided.
  • the grasping unit 10 comprises a horizontally-directed linear actuator 16 and a gripper 17 driven by the linear actuator 16.
  • the gripper 17 in turn, comprises two jaws 18 disposed at right angles and having end portions 18a directed vertically, that is capable of grasping one ingot 11 from top.
  • the auxiliary unit 13 comprises at least one endless conveyor or moving chain 19 such disposed as to rest on the ground and having a plurality of pockets 20 each adapted to hold an ingot 11 in a vertical orientation.
  • the pocket 20 number can vary depending on the conveyor 19 length. For instance, if such a conveyor is 4 metres long, positioning of about 70 aluminium ingots or ingots of other materials can take place.
  • extension of the conveyor 19 can be envisaged or another auxiliary conveyor can be placed alongside the first one, said additional conveyor acting as a storage unit for the main conveyor. Transferring of ingots from one chain to the other can take place by a pneumatic system, for example.
  • the grasping unit 10 comprises components similar to those already shown with reference to the first embodiment in Fig. 1.
  • the auxiliary unit 13 comprises an endless conveyor of the overhanging or cantilever type 21, that is spaced apart from the ground, and having a plurality of hanging compartments 22 each adapted to hold one ingot disposed vertically.
  • the grasping unit 10 in addition to comprising a horizontally-directed linear actuator 16, is also formed of a gripper 17 having two elongate jaws 23 extending horizontally in the extension of the linear actuator 16, that is capable of laterally grasping one ingot 11.
  • the auxiliary unit 13 comprises one rest base 24 of at least one ingot-receiving pallet (only partly shown in the interest of a clear representation of the components of apparatus 1), for reception of 121 ingots disposed horizontally, for example. More particularly, said ingots are normally stacked up in superposed layers on the pallets, each layer being formed of ingots disposed parallelly in side by side relation and transversely of the ingots of the adjacent layers.
  • the feeding members of the auxiliary unit 13 in the last-mentioned three embodiments comprise one picking-up manipulator 25 provided with a grasping device 26 having two elements adapted to grip the end of each ingot resting on the pallet 24, end a device 27 for tilting over to a vertical position the ingot lifted up by the picking-up manipulator 25.
  • said rest base of a pallet is defined by a revolving platform 28 rotating about a vertical axis at least through a right angle.
  • the picking-up manipulator 25 comprises a movable portal-shaped frame 29 overhanging the revolving platform 28 and horizontally movable so as to bring the grasping device 26 close to the tilting-over device 26.
  • a revolving platform 28 for receiving one pallet whereas the picking-up manipulator 25 comprises a fixed tower-shaped frame 31 overhanging the revolving platform 28 and close to the tilting-over device 27.
  • a first moving carriage 32 is slidably connected to the fixed frame 31 in a vertical direction, whereas a second moving carriage 33 can slide along the first carriage 32 in a horizontal direction. Integral with the second carriage 33 is the grasping device 26.
  • said rest base is defined by a fixed structure 34 and the picking-up manipulator 25 comprises a movable post 35 to be horizontally displaced along said fixed structure until the tilting-over device 27, and an articulated support body 36 in turn comprising an attachment portion 36a slidably linked with the movable post 35 in a vertical direction, and an articulated cantilever portion 36b rotating about a vertical axis 37 through at least one right angle relative to the attachment portion 36a.
  • the grasping device 26 Integral with the cantilever portion 36b is the grasping device 26, said grasping device 26 being then mounted to the cantilever portion 36a so as to be able to carry out a horizontal translation as well, in a direction perpendicular to the post 35, by means of the slidable element 36c.
  • Both the charge manipulator 2 of all depicted embodiments of the apparatus and the picking-up manipulator 25, as well as the other movable members of the apparatus can be moved by operating units of the pneumatic, hydraulic or electric type and their movements can be controlled by sensor means known per se.
  • the operator initially must position the ingots into the seatings 15, pockets 20 or compartments 22, whereas in the three last embodiments the ingots keep their position on the pallets by which they have been conveyed.
  • the apparatus runs in a completely automatic manner until all ingots have been exhausted.
  • the charge manipulator 2 grasps each single ingot disposed vertically in the intended picking up position by an appropriate combination of movements controlled by the sensor means and involving a vertical translation of the transverse arm 4 and a horizontal translation of the slide 7.
  • the ingot is brought to place over the vertical line of the melting furnace 12 where a first pre-heating to dry the ingot occurs, so that possible traces of humidity are eliminated from the surface thereof due to heat mounting from the furnace mouth.
  • the charge manipulator 2 causes the gradual introduction of the ingot into the fused material bath by small successive lowering movements to be adjusted by the user depending on the drawing speed of the melted material.
  • the progressive plunging of the ingot into the fused material bath involves a second pre-heating by heat conduction, due to a contact between the fused material and the plunged portion of said ingot: practically, the ingot is introduced into the bath at a temperature much higher than the storage temperature.
  • the operator only positions one pallet on the revolving platform 28 or the fixed structure 34 and takes the packaging ribbons away; therefore the charging storage unit consists of the pallet itself.
  • the picking up manipulator 25 will then move each individual ingot successively from the pallet and lay it down on the tilting-over device 27 where it is rotated to the vertical position so that it is already conveniently directed for being introduced into the furnace, which operation will be executed by the charge manipulator 2.
  • grasping and displacement of each ingot is carried out by suitably combining vertical and horizontal movements of the first and second moving carriages 32 and 33, respectively.
  • grasping displacement and deposit of each ingot on the tilting-over device 27 is the result of a combination of movements involving translation of the movable post 35, vertical movement of the attachment portion 36a, rotation through 90°, if necessary, of the cantilever portion 36b and optional horizontal translation of the grasping device.
  • the apparatus 1 in the three last-mentioned embodiments enables the simultaneous presence of three ingots, i.e. one ingot being worked, that is which is about to be charged into the melting furnate by the charge manipulator 2, one ingot waiting for charging in the tilting-over device 27, and one ingot clamped by the grasping device 26, a time interval which is three times the time of exhaustion of each individual ingot is made available for changing the pallet; hence practically the melting furnace can be continuously fed.
  • the invention achieves important advantages.
  • the charging evenness and automation enables sudden changes of temperature in the fused material bath to be eliminated because the gradual lowering of ingots previously heated both by heat rising along the vertical line of the furnace and by contact with the bath itself, does not involve admission of a great amount of cold material, which on the contrary happens in the known manual technique.
  • the structural quality of the obtained products can be increased, since hard points and pores are therein eliminated, and energy consumptions are greatly reduced.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Furnace Charging Or Discharging (AREA)
  • Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Appareil automatique pour le chargement de lingots en matériaux métalliques dans un four de fusion comprenant
    des moyens de manipulation (2) pour prélever au moins un lingot (11) en métal d'une position de prélèvement et l'amener à une position au dessus d'un bain de matériel fondu d'un four de fusion (12) et l'immerger graduellement dans ceci;
    des moyens de contrôle capables de relever la quantité de métal fondu présente dans le four de fusion (12) et de faire fonctionner de manière correspondante lesdits moyens de manipulation (2) et
    une unité auxiliaire (13) indiquée pour définir un dépôt de lingots pour ledit manipulateur de chargement (2), ladite unité auxiliaire comprenant des éléments d'alimentation indiqués pour disposer chaque lingot en succession dans ladite position de prélèvement pour ledit manipulateur de chargement,
    caractérisé en ce que ladite unité auxiliaire (13) comprend:
    une base de support (24) et au moins une palette qui reçoit les lingots sur laquelle les lingots (11) sont disposés dans une direction horizontale,
    et en ce que lesdits éléments d'alimentation comprennent:
    un manipulateur de prélèvement (25) ayant un dispositif de prise (26) indiqué pour prendre la portion finale de chaque lingot se trouvant sur ladite palette; e
    un dispositif inclinable (27) pour arranger dans une position verticale le lingot (11) prélevé par ledit manipulateur de prélèvement (25).
  2. Appareil selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que ledit moyen de manipulation (2) comprend au moins un manipulateur de chargement ayant:
    un montant de support (3) fixe qui s'étend verticalement,
    un bras transversal (4) engagé d'une façon coulissante avec ledit montant de support dans une direction de translation verticale (5),
    un élément coulissant (7) joint d'une façon coulissante au bras transversal dans une direction de translation horizontale (8),
    et une unité de prise (10) solidaire dudit élément coulissant et arrangée pour prendre la partie supérieure dudit lingot (11) disposé avec une orientation verticale dans la position de prélèvement.
  3. Appareil selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que ladite unité de prise (10) comprend un dispositif de réglage (16) linéaire à déplacement horizontal et une pince (17) contrôlée par ledit dispositif de réglage linéaire et comprenant deux mâchoires (18) disposées à angle droit et ayant leurs portions finales en direction verticale.
  4. Appareil selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que ladite base de support (24) d'au moins une palette est définie par une plate-forme tournante (28) mobile d'au moins un angle droit autour d'un axe vertical, et en ce que ledit manipulateur de prélèvement (25) comprend un châssis mobile (29) en forme de portail situé au dessus de ladite plate-forme tournante (28) et mobile dans une direction horizontale jusqu'audit dispositif inclinable (27), et un support mobile engagé d'une façon coulissante avec ledit châssis mobile (29) dans une direction verticale, ledit dispositif de prise (26) étant solidaire dudit support mobile (30).
  5. Appareil selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que ladite base de support (24) d'au moins une palette est définie par une plate-forme tournante (28) mobile d'au moins un angle droit autour d'un axe vertical, et en ce que ledit manipulateur de prélèvement (25) comprend:
    un châssis fixe (31) en forme de tour situé au dessus de ladite plate-forme tournante (28) et auprès dudit dispositif inclinable (27),
    un premier chariot mobile (32) joint d'une façon coulissante avec ledit châssis fixe (31) dans une direction verticale, et
    un deuxième chariot mobile (33) joint d'une façon coulissante avec ledit premier chariot (32) dans une direction horizontale, ledit dispositif de prise (26) étant solidaire dudit deuxième chariot mobile (33).
  6. Appareil selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que ladite base de support (24) d'une palette est définie par une structure fixe (34), et en ce que ledit manipulateur de prélèvement (25) comprend:
    un montant mobile (35) effectuant une translation horizontale vers ladite structure fixe jusqu'audit dispositif inclinable (27), et
    un corps articulé de support (36) comprenant une portion d'attache (36a) jointe d'une façon coulissante avec ledit montant mobile (35) pour le déplacement dans une direction verticale et une portion articulée en saillie (36b) tournant autour d'un axe vertical (37) pour au moins un angle droit par rapport à ladite portion d'attache (36a), ledit dispositif de prise (26) étant solidaire de ladite portion en saillie (36b).
  7. Appareil automatique pour le chargement de lingots en matériaux métalliques dans un four de fusion comprenant
    des moyens de manipulation (2) pour prélever au moins un lingot (11) en métal d'une position de prélèvement et l'amener à une position au dessus d'un bain de matériel fondu d'un four de fusion (12) et l'immerger graduellement dans ceci;
    des moyens de contrôle capables de relever la quantité de métal fondu présente dans le four de fusion (12) et de faire fonctionner de manière correspondante lesdits moyens de manipulation (2) et
    une unité auxiliaire (13) apte a définir un dépôt de lingots pour ledit manipulateur de chargement (2), ladite unité auxiliaire comprenant des éléments d'alimentation indiqués pour disposer chaque lingot en succession dans ladite position de prélèvement pour ledit manipulateur de chargement,
    caractérisé en ce que ladite unité auxiliaire (13) comprend au moins un convoyeur continu saillant (21) ayant une pluralité de compartiments suspendus (22), chacun indiqué pour soutenir un lingot (11) disposé verticalement.
  8. Appareil selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que ledit moyen de manipulation (2) comprend au moins un manipulateur de chargement ayant:
    un montant de support (3) fixe qui s'étend verticalement,
    un bras transversal (4) engagé d'une façon coulissante avec ledit montant de support dans une direction de translation verticale (5),
    un élément coulissant (7) joint d'une façon coulissante au bras transversal dans une direction de translation horizontale (8),
    et une unité de prise (10) solidaire dudit élément coulissant et arrangée pour prendre la partie supérieure dudit lingot (11) disposé avec une orientation verticale dans la position de prélèvement.
  9. Appareil selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que ladite unité de prise (10) comprend un dispositif de réglage (16) linéaire à déplacement horizontal et une pince (17) contrôlée par ledit dispositif de réglage linéaire et comprenant deux mâchoires (23) allongées qui s'étendent horizontalement dans l'extension dudit dispositif de réglage (16) linéaire.
EP19960830259 1996-05-03 1996-05-03 Procédé et installation pour alimenter des lingots de métal dans un four de fusion Expired - Lifetime EP0790475B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP19960830259 EP0790475B1 (fr) 1996-05-03 1996-05-03 Procédé et installation pour alimenter des lingots de métal dans un four de fusion
DE69623251T DE69623251D1 (de) 1996-05-03 1996-05-03 Verfahren und Anlage zum Beschicken eines Schmelzofens mit Metallblöcken

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP19960830259 EP0790475B1 (fr) 1996-05-03 1996-05-03 Procédé et installation pour alimenter des lingots de métal dans un four de fusion

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0790475A1 EP0790475A1 (fr) 1997-08-20
EP0790475B1 true EP0790475B1 (fr) 2002-08-28

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102005012721B4 (de) * 2005-03-19 2019-01-17 Volkswagen Ag Chargieranlage und Verfahren zum Einschmelzen von Metall-Masseln
CN111272325A (zh) * 2020-04-19 2020-06-12 石河子大学 一种采棉机摘锭脱棉力测试试验台

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CN106735052A (zh) * 2016-12-13 2017-05-31 苏州超群智能科技有限公司 压铸取出装置
CN109210946B (zh) * 2018-09-27 2023-11-14 深圳市和胜金属技术有限公司 一种熔炉辅助装置
CN109317650B (zh) * 2018-10-16 2020-08-11 金华市宝琳工贸有限公司 一种单模浇铸机的取件机械手
CN111735310B (zh) * 2020-06-29 2022-11-08 云南保山弘毅炉窑工程有限公司 一种矿热炉用加料设备
CN113909449B (zh) * 2021-10-14 2023-06-02 东莞胜辉机械有限公司 一种锌铝合金配汤装置

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102005012721B4 (de) * 2005-03-19 2019-01-17 Volkswagen Ag Chargieranlage und Verfahren zum Einschmelzen von Metall-Masseln
CN111272325A (zh) * 2020-04-19 2020-06-12 石河子大学 一种采棉机摘锭脱棉力测试试验台

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Publication number Publication date
DE69623251D1 (de) 2002-10-02
EP0790475A1 (fr) 1997-08-20

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