EP0790475B1 - Verfahren und Anlage zum Beschicken eines Schmelzofens mit Metallblöcken - Google Patents

Verfahren und Anlage zum Beschicken eines Schmelzofens mit Metallblöcken Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0790475B1
EP0790475B1 EP19960830259 EP96830259A EP0790475B1 EP 0790475 B1 EP0790475 B1 EP 0790475B1 EP 19960830259 EP19960830259 EP 19960830259 EP 96830259 A EP96830259 A EP 96830259A EP 0790475 B1 EP0790475 B1 EP 0790475B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ingot
picking
manipulator
melting furnace
vertical
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP19960830259
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0790475A1 (de
Inventor
Achille Romano Zani
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LUMPRESS S.R.L.
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LUMPRESS Srl
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Priority to DE69623251T priority Critical patent/DE69623251D1/de
Priority to EP19960830259 priority patent/EP0790475B1/de
Publication of EP0790475A1 publication Critical patent/EP0790475A1/de
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
    • B22D17/20—Accessories: Details
    • B22D17/28—Melting pots
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B3/00—Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Tank furnaces
    • F27B3/10—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to hearth-type furnaces
    • F27B3/18—Arrangements of devices for charging
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F27D3/0024—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge of metallic workpieces

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an automatic apparatus for charging ingots of metal materials into a melting furnace.
  • One known technique for executing said charging of the metal material is based on the direct manual intervention of an operator who, with the aid of simple tools, carries out handling of ingots, i.e. blocks of said metal material of even shape, for example in the form of a parallelepiped of a 50 x 100 mm section, which are 700 mm long and the weight of which is about 8-10 kg, so as to put them over the furnace mouth and plunge them into the underlying fused material bath.
  • the work autonomy of the machines using the material previously melted in a furnace is closely dependent on the possibility of ensuring the presence of an appropriate amount of this melted material in the furnace itself.
  • a 200 ton press carrying out pressing of a piece made of an aluminium alloy of a weight of 250 g and involving a production of 100 pieces per hour has a consumption of 25 kg of material per hour and therefore requires that about three ingots per hour should be introduced into the furnace, assuming that the unit weight of each ingot is about 8 kg.
  • this type of charging generally causes strong sudden temperature changes in the fused material bath due to the rapid admission of a great mass of cold material thereto, since necessarily the operator performs the charging operation by a quick succession of operating steps consisting in moving an ingot over the furnace mouth and immediately lowering it into the underlying bath, possibly releasing it when said ingot has its lower portion already partly immersed or very close to the liquid surface.
  • the melted mass of the metal present in the furnace therefore undergoes important temperature alterations which can cause a great reduction in the quality of the subsequently obtained castings, which poor quality is due to the formation of structural defects therein, such as hard points and pores.
  • the manually charged ingot at the moment it is plunged into the fused material bath, can have residual humidity traces on its surface which, due to a quick evaporation, can give rise to additional temperature irregularities and further reduce the quality of the final products.
  • a second known technique contemplates charging of holding furnaces by the use of ladles containing the metal material already in a melted state and fed by appropriate hoppers from big melting furnaces earlier pre-charged.
  • this second technique needs transportation of the melted material, which results in risks from an operative point of view and, in addition, a big amount of material is to be maintained to a constant temperature.
  • the technical task underlying the present invention is to devise an automatic apparatus for charging ingots of metal materials into melting furnaces, which process and apparatus are capable of substantially obviating the above drawbacks.
  • the device disclosed in this document is designed to achieve continuous feeding of metal in the melt bath as long as one ingot is attached to the device itself.
  • JP 06 312255 a machine for continuously feeding a melting furnace.
  • This machine essentially comprises a charging drum for the ingots and an automated feeding system for transferring the ingots from the charging drum to the furnace.
  • the feeding system controlling criterion is based on the detection of the melt metal bath level, and the immersion of a single ingot is performed gradually.
  • Another important aim of the invention is to devise an automatic apparatus for charging ingots of metal materials into a melting furnace which are capable of greatly increasing the quality of the products obtained from said metal materials.
  • a still further aim of the invention is to devise an apparatus enabling the operator's safety to be increased and the risks of damages to the melting furnace to be decreased.
  • a single ingot of metal material is positioned over the melting furnace mouth so as to carry out a first pre-heating of the ingot and is plunged into the fused material bath present in the melting furnace by lowering it in a controlled manner.
  • the automatic apparatus is generally denoted by reference numeral 1.
  • Apparatus 1 comprises handling means 2 to pick up at least one single metal ingot 11 from a picking up position and bring it to a position above a fused material bath of a melting furnace 12 and gradually plunging it thereinto. Apparatus 1 further provides for the use of control means capable of detecting the amount of fused metal present in the melting furnace 12 and correspondently operating said handling means.
  • the handling means 2 comprises a charge manipulator formed of a fixed support post 3 extending vertically, a transverse arm 4 in slidable engagement with the support post 3 along a vertical-translation direction 5 by means of vertical guides 6, a slide 7 slidably connected to the transverse arm 4 along a horizontal-translation direction 8 by means of horizontal guides 9, and a grasping unit 10 integral with the slide 7 and arranged to grasp the upper portion of an ingot of metal material 11 preferably disposed in a vertical orientation at a picking up position, to be plunged into a melting furnace 12.
  • Apparatus 1 further comprises an auxiliary unit, denoted by 13 independently of the distinct embodiments hereinafter described, adapted to define an ingot magazine for the charge manipulator 2 and comprising feeding members variously shaped and differently operating depending on the different embodiments, which are adapted to dispose each individual ingot in said picking up position provided for the charge manipulator 2.
  • auxiliary unit denoted by 13 independently of the distinct embodiments hereinafter described, adapted to define an ingot magazine for the charge manipulator 2 and comprising feeding members variously shaped and differently operating depending on the different embodiments, which are adapted to dispose each individual ingot in said picking up position provided for the charge manipulator 2.
  • the auxiliary unit 13 comprises a rotating storing table 14 extending around the fixed post 3 and provided with a plurality of seatings 15, twelve seatings for example, each adapted to house a vertically directed ingot 11.
  • a rotanting table having a greater number of seatings may be provided.
  • the grasping unit 10 comprises a horizontally-directed linear actuator 16 and a gripper 17 driven by the linear actuator 16.
  • the gripper 17 in turn, comprises two jaws 18 disposed at right angles and having end portions 18a directed vertically, that is capable of grasping one ingot 11 from top.
  • the auxiliary unit 13 comprises at least one endless conveyor or moving chain 19 such disposed as to rest on the ground and having a plurality of pockets 20 each adapted to hold an ingot 11 in a vertical orientation.
  • the pocket 20 number can vary depending on the conveyor 19 length. For instance, if such a conveyor is 4 metres long, positioning of about 70 aluminium ingots or ingots of other materials can take place.
  • extension of the conveyor 19 can be envisaged or another auxiliary conveyor can be placed alongside the first one, said additional conveyor acting as a storage unit for the main conveyor. Transferring of ingots from one chain to the other can take place by a pneumatic system, for example.
  • the grasping unit 10 comprises components similar to those already shown with reference to the first embodiment in Fig. 1.
  • the auxiliary unit 13 comprises an endless conveyor of the overhanging or cantilever type 21, that is spaced apart from the ground, and having a plurality of hanging compartments 22 each adapted to hold one ingot disposed vertically.
  • the grasping unit 10 in addition to comprising a horizontally-directed linear actuator 16, is also formed of a gripper 17 having two elongate jaws 23 extending horizontally in the extension of the linear actuator 16, that is capable of laterally grasping one ingot 11.
  • the auxiliary unit 13 comprises one rest base 24 of at least one ingot-receiving pallet (only partly shown in the interest of a clear representation of the components of apparatus 1), for reception of 121 ingots disposed horizontally, for example. More particularly, said ingots are normally stacked up in superposed layers on the pallets, each layer being formed of ingots disposed parallelly in side by side relation and transversely of the ingots of the adjacent layers.
  • the feeding members of the auxiliary unit 13 in the last-mentioned three embodiments comprise one picking-up manipulator 25 provided with a grasping device 26 having two elements adapted to grip the end of each ingot resting on the pallet 24, end a device 27 for tilting over to a vertical position the ingot lifted up by the picking-up manipulator 25.
  • said rest base of a pallet is defined by a revolving platform 28 rotating about a vertical axis at least through a right angle.
  • the picking-up manipulator 25 comprises a movable portal-shaped frame 29 overhanging the revolving platform 28 and horizontally movable so as to bring the grasping device 26 close to the tilting-over device 26.
  • a revolving platform 28 for receiving one pallet whereas the picking-up manipulator 25 comprises a fixed tower-shaped frame 31 overhanging the revolving platform 28 and close to the tilting-over device 27.
  • a first moving carriage 32 is slidably connected to the fixed frame 31 in a vertical direction, whereas a second moving carriage 33 can slide along the first carriage 32 in a horizontal direction. Integral with the second carriage 33 is the grasping device 26.
  • said rest base is defined by a fixed structure 34 and the picking-up manipulator 25 comprises a movable post 35 to be horizontally displaced along said fixed structure until the tilting-over device 27, and an articulated support body 36 in turn comprising an attachment portion 36a slidably linked with the movable post 35 in a vertical direction, and an articulated cantilever portion 36b rotating about a vertical axis 37 through at least one right angle relative to the attachment portion 36a.
  • the grasping device 26 Integral with the cantilever portion 36b is the grasping device 26, said grasping device 26 being then mounted to the cantilever portion 36a so as to be able to carry out a horizontal translation as well, in a direction perpendicular to the post 35, by means of the slidable element 36c.
  • Both the charge manipulator 2 of all depicted embodiments of the apparatus and the picking-up manipulator 25, as well as the other movable members of the apparatus can be moved by operating units of the pneumatic, hydraulic or electric type and their movements can be controlled by sensor means known per se.
  • the operator initially must position the ingots into the seatings 15, pockets 20 or compartments 22, whereas in the three last embodiments the ingots keep their position on the pallets by which they have been conveyed.
  • the apparatus runs in a completely automatic manner until all ingots have been exhausted.
  • the charge manipulator 2 grasps each single ingot disposed vertically in the intended picking up position by an appropriate combination of movements controlled by the sensor means and involving a vertical translation of the transverse arm 4 and a horizontal translation of the slide 7.
  • the ingot is brought to place over the vertical line of the melting furnace 12 where a first pre-heating to dry the ingot occurs, so that possible traces of humidity are eliminated from the surface thereof due to heat mounting from the furnace mouth.
  • the charge manipulator 2 causes the gradual introduction of the ingot into the fused material bath by small successive lowering movements to be adjusted by the user depending on the drawing speed of the melted material.
  • the progressive plunging of the ingot into the fused material bath involves a second pre-heating by heat conduction, due to a contact between the fused material and the plunged portion of said ingot: practically, the ingot is introduced into the bath at a temperature much higher than the storage temperature.
  • the operator only positions one pallet on the revolving platform 28 or the fixed structure 34 and takes the packaging ribbons away; therefore the charging storage unit consists of the pallet itself.
  • the picking up manipulator 25 will then move each individual ingot successively from the pallet and lay it down on the tilting-over device 27 where it is rotated to the vertical position so that it is already conveniently directed for being introduced into the furnace, which operation will be executed by the charge manipulator 2.
  • grasping and displacement of each ingot is carried out by suitably combining vertical and horizontal movements of the first and second moving carriages 32 and 33, respectively.
  • grasping displacement and deposit of each ingot on the tilting-over device 27 is the result of a combination of movements involving translation of the movable post 35, vertical movement of the attachment portion 36a, rotation through 90°, if necessary, of the cantilever portion 36b and optional horizontal translation of the grasping device.
  • the apparatus 1 in the three last-mentioned embodiments enables the simultaneous presence of three ingots, i.e. one ingot being worked, that is which is about to be charged into the melting furnate by the charge manipulator 2, one ingot waiting for charging in the tilting-over device 27, and one ingot clamped by the grasping device 26, a time interval which is three times the time of exhaustion of each individual ingot is made available for changing the pallet; hence practically the melting furnace can be continuously fed.
  • the invention achieves important advantages.
  • the charging evenness and automation enables sudden changes of temperature in the fused material bath to be eliminated because the gradual lowering of ingots previously heated both by heat rising along the vertical line of the furnace and by contact with the bath itself, does not involve admission of a great amount of cold material, which on the contrary happens in the known manual technique.
  • the structural quality of the obtained products can be increased, since hard points and pores are therein eliminated, and energy consumptions are greatly reduced.

Claims (9)

  1. Automatische Einrichtung zur Begichtung von Masseln aus Metall in einen Schmelzofen bestehend aus
    Handhabungsmitteln (2) zur Entnahme mindestens einer Massel (11) aus Metall von einer Entnahmelage und zum Bringen dieser in eine Position über einem Bad aus geschmolzenem Material eines Schmelzofens (12) und zum stufenweisen Eintauchen der Massel darin;
    Steuerungsmitteln, die fähig sind, die Menge von im Schmelzofen (12) vorhandenen Schmelze aufzunehmen und die Handhabungsmittel (2) entsprechend zu betätigen, und
    eine Hilfseinheit (13), die zur Abgrenzung eines Lagerplatzes von Masseln für den genannten Gichtmanipulator (2) geeignet ist, wobei die genannte Hilfseinheit aus Zuführungskörpern besteht, die zur aufeinanderfolgenden Anordnung jeder Massel in der genannten Entnahmelage für den genannten Gichtmanipulator geeignet sind,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die genannte Hilfseinheit (13)
    eine Auflagefläche (24) und mindestens eine Masseln aufnehmende Palette aufweist, worauf die Masseln (11) in horizontale Richtung liegen,
    und dass die genannten Zuführungskörper
    einen Entnahmemanipulator (25) mit einer Greifvorrichtung (26), die zum Greifen des Endteiles von jeder auf der genannten Palette liegenden Massel geeignet ist; und
    eine kippbare Vorrichtung (27) zur senkrechten Anordnung der durch den genannten Entnahmemanipulator (25) genommenen Massel (11) aufweisen.
  2. Einrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das genannten Handhabungsmittel (2) mindestens einen Gichtmanipulator aufweist, welcher
    einen senkrecht angeordneten, ortfesten Stützständer (3),
    einen Querarm (4), der sich mit dem genannten Stützständer in einer Richtung von senkrechten Translation (5) verschiebbar eingreift,
    einen Schieber (7), der mit dem genannten Querarm in einer Richtung von horizontalen Translation (8) verschiebbar verbunden ist,
    und eine Greifeinheit (10), die mit dem genannten Schieber einstückig und zum Greifen des oberen Teiles von der genannten Massel (11) angeordnet ist, wobei die Massel senkrecht in Entnahmelage steht, aufweist.
  3. Einrichtung nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die genannte Greifeinheit (10) aus einem horizontal geführten linearen Trieb (16) und einem Greifer (17) besteht, welcher durch den genannten linearen Trieb gesteuert wird und zwei Backen (18) aufweist, die rechtwinklig und mit senkrecht gerichteten Endteilen angeordnet sind.
  4. Einrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die genannte Auflagefläche (24) von mindestens einer Palette aus einer drehbaren Plattform (28) besteht, die von mindestens einem rechten Winkel um eine Senkrechtachse beweglich ist, und dass der genannte Entnahmemanipulator (25) einen als Portal ausgebildeten beweglichen Rahmen (29) - welcher über der genannten drehbaren Plattform (28) angeordnet und in einer horizontalen Richtung bis an die kippbare Vorrichtung (27) beweglich ist - und einen beweglichen Halter aufweist, der sich mit dem genannten beweglichen Rahmen (29) in senkrechter Richtung verschiebbar eingreift, wobei die genannte Greifvorrichtung (26) mit dem genannten beweglichen Halter (39) einstückig ist.
  5. Einrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die genannte Auflagefläche (24) von mindestens einer Palette durch eine drehbare Plattform (28) definiert ist, die von mindestens einem rechten Winkel um eine Senkrechtachse beweglich ist, und dass der genannte Entnahmemanipulator (25)
    einen als Turm ausgebildeten ortfesten Rahmen (31), welcher über der genannten drehbaren Plattform (28) und nahe an der kippbaren Vorrichtung (27) angeordnet ist,
    einen ersten beweglichen Schlitten (32), der mit dem genannten ortfesten Rahmen (31) in senkrechter Richtung verschiebbar verbunden ist, und
    einen zweiten beweglichen Schlitten (33), der mit dem genannten ersten Schlitten (32) in horizontaler Richtung verschiebbar verbunden ist, aufweist, wobei die genannte Greifvorrichtung (26) mit dem genannten zweiten beweglichen Schlitten (33) einstückig ist.
  6. Einrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die genannte Auflagefläche (24) von einer Palette durch eine ortfeste Struktur (34) definiert ist, und dass der genannte Entnahmemanipulator (25)
    einen beweglichen Ständer (35), der eine horizontale Translation gegen die genannte ortfeste Struktur bis an die kippbare Vorrichtung (27) ausführt, und
    einen gelenkartigen Stützkörper (36) aufweist, welcher aus einem Einsatzteil (36a) - der mit dem genannten beweglichen Ständer (35) für den Gang in eine senkrechter Richtung verschiebbar verbunden ist - und aus einem gelenkartigen fliegend angeordneten Teil (36b) - der von mindestens einem rechten Winkel in Bezug auf den genannten Einsatzteil um eine Senkrechtachse (37) dreht - besteht, wobei die genannte Greifvorrichtung (26) mit dem genannten fliegend angeordneten Teil (36b) einstückig ist.
  7. Automatische Einrichtung zur Begichtung von Masseln aus Metall in einen Schmelzofen bestehend aus
    Handhabungsmitteln (2) zur Entnahme mindestens einer Massel (11) aus Metall von einer Entnahmelage und zum Bringen dieser in eine Position über einem Bad aus geschmolzenem Material eines Schmelzofens (12) und zum stufenweisen Eintauchen der Massel darin;
    Steuerungsmitteln, die fähig sind, die Menge von im Schmelzofen (12) vorhandenen Schmelze aufzunehmen und die Handhabungsmittel (2) entsprechend zu betätigen und
    eine Hilfseinheit (13), die zur Abgrenzung eines Lagerplatzes von Masseln für den genannten Gichtmanipulator (2) geeignet ist, wobei die genannte Hilfseinheit aus Zuführungskörpern besteht, die zur aufeinanderfolgenden Anordnung jeder Massel in der genannten Entnahmelage für den genannten Gichtmanipulator geeignet sind,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die genannte Hilfseinheit (13) mindestens einen fliegend angeordneten Stetigförderer (21) aufweist, welcher mit einer Vielzahl von hängenden Abteilen (22) ausgestattet ist, wobei jedes Abteil zur Abstützung einer senkrecht orientierten Massel (11) geeignet ist.
  8. Einrichtung nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das genannten Handhabungsmittel (2) mindestens einen Gichtmanipulator aufweist, welcher
    einen senkrecht angeordneten, ortfesten Stützständer (3),
    einen Querarm (4), der sich mit dem genannten Stützständer in einer Richtung von senkrechten Translation (5) verschiebbar eingreift,
    einen Schieber (7), der mit dem genannten Querarm in einer Richtung von horizontalen Translation (8) verschiebbar verbunden ist,
    und eine Greifeinheit (10), die mit dem genannten Schieber einstückig und zum Greifen des oberen Teiles von der genannten Massel (11) angeordnet ist, wobei die Massel senkrecht in Entnahmelage steht, aufweist.
  9. Einrichtung nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die genannte Greifeinheit (10) aus einem horizontal geführten linearen Trieb (16) und einem Greifer (17) besteht, welcher durch den genannten linearen Trieb gesteuert wird und zwei verlängerten Backen (23) aufweist, die sich in die Erstreckung vom genannten linearen Trieb (16) horizontal erstrecken.
EP19960830259 1996-05-03 1996-05-03 Verfahren und Anlage zum Beschicken eines Schmelzofens mit Metallblöcken Expired - Lifetime EP0790475B1 (de)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE69623251T DE69623251D1 (de) 1996-05-03 1996-05-03 Verfahren und Anlage zum Beschicken eines Schmelzofens mit Metallblöcken
EP19960830259 EP0790475B1 (de) 1996-05-03 1996-05-03 Verfahren und Anlage zum Beschicken eines Schmelzofens mit Metallblöcken

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP19960830259 EP0790475B1 (de) 1996-05-03 1996-05-03 Verfahren und Anlage zum Beschicken eines Schmelzofens mit Metallblöcken

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EP0790475A1 EP0790475A1 (de) 1997-08-20
EP0790475B1 true EP0790475B1 (de) 2002-08-28

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DE102005012721B4 (de) * 2005-03-19 2019-01-17 Volkswagen Ag Chargieranlage und Verfahren zum Einschmelzen von Metall-Masseln
CN111272325A (zh) * 2020-04-19 2020-06-12 石河子大学 一种采棉机摘锭脱棉力测试试验台

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CN106735052A (zh) * 2016-12-13 2017-05-31 苏州超群智能科技有限公司 压铸取出装置
CN109210946B (zh) * 2018-09-27 2023-11-14 深圳市和胜金属技术有限公司 一种熔炉辅助装置
CN109317650B (zh) * 2018-10-16 2020-08-11 金华市宝琳工贸有限公司 一种单模浇铸机的取件机械手
CN111735310B (zh) * 2020-06-29 2022-11-08 云南保山弘毅炉窑工程有限公司 一种矿热炉用加料设备
CN113909449B (zh) * 2021-10-14 2023-06-02 东莞胜辉机械有限公司 一种锌铝合金配汤装置

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102005012721B4 (de) * 2005-03-19 2019-01-17 Volkswagen Ag Chargieranlage und Verfahren zum Einschmelzen von Metall-Masseln
CN111272325A (zh) * 2020-04-19 2020-06-12 石河子大学 一种采棉机摘锭脱棉力测试试验台

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EP0790475A1 (de) 1997-08-20

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