EP0788292A1 - Plague de cuisson avec réglage automatique - Google Patents

Plague de cuisson avec réglage automatique Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0788292A1
EP0788292A1 EP96108142A EP96108142A EP0788292A1 EP 0788292 A1 EP0788292 A1 EP 0788292A1 EP 96108142 A EP96108142 A EP 96108142A EP 96108142 A EP96108142 A EP 96108142A EP 0788292 A1 EP0788292 A1 EP 0788292A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cooking
regulating
control panel
food
control device
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP96108142A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0788292B1 (fr
Inventor
Jürgen Dipl.-Ing. Luther
Jürgen Dipl.-Ing. Leikam
Richard Dipl.-Oec. Turek
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
AEG Hausgeraete GmbH
Original Assignee
AEG Hausgeraete GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by AEG Hausgeraete GmbH filed Critical AEG Hausgeraete GmbH
Priority to EP19960108142 priority Critical patent/EP0788292B1/fr
Publication of EP0788292A1 publication Critical patent/EP0788292A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0788292B1 publication Critical patent/EP0788292B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/68—Heating arrangements specially adapted for cooking plates or analogous hot-plates
    • H05B3/74—Non-metallic plates, e.g. vitroceramic, ceramic or glassceramic hobs, also including power or control circuits
    • H05B3/746—Protection, e.g. overheat cutoff, hot plate indicator

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a hob with the features of the preamble of claim 1.
  • cooking hobs it is known to adjust the heating power of the heating element for a hotplate manually, for example with the aid of toggles, to different cooking parameters desired or required.
  • the cooking parameters are, for example, different types of cooking (heating, cooking, roasting, steaming etc.) or different cooking intensities (weak cooking, strong cooking etc.).
  • a disadvantage of the known cooking hobs is that their controls only allow insufficient adjustment of the heating output to different cooking parameters.
  • the known operating elements only allow the selection of a certain power level (eg 1-3, 1-9). There is no reduction in the heating power supply. A user must therefore constantly monitor the cooking process. More convenient controls allow time-controlled parboiling or searing phases of a cooking process. Regardless of whether the food is cooking in this first phase of the cooking process or not, in this system the power supply is reduced after a fixed period of time. The user must therefore again carefully monitor the proper course of the cooking process.
  • the invention has for its object to make a hob of the type mentioned in more detail user-friendly. This object is achieved by the combination of features of claim 1.
  • the cooking process is regulated automatically. This enables convenient operation of the hob simply by choosing a certain cooking size, for example a certain type of cooking.
  • a control panel is arranged on the hob. By pressing the control panel, the user selects a first cooking parameter, e.g.
  • the control panel is coupled to a regulating or control device which monitors the temperature of the hotplate and controls the heating element for regulating the temperature of the hotplate, so that the regulating or control device receives the selected cooking parameter as a signal.
  • each cooking parameter simultaneously has a predetermined temperature or a predetermined temperature range for the hotplate is assigned, the user reaches the target of the selected cooking parameter without further checks of the food to be cooked or manual control of the heating output. Since the regulating or control device constantly compares the current hotplate temperature with the temperature range or temperature corresponding to the cooking parameter, the entire cooking process or a single cooking phase is automatically concluded with the cooking hob according to the invention solely by electronics of the regulating or control device.
  • the automatic control of the cooking process can be further simplified according to the invention by adding an additional cooking parameter, e.g. the cooking time is also assigned. In this way nonsensical combinations of several consecutively selected cooking parameters can be avoided.
  • several cooking phases can be coordinated with one another with improved timing. As a result, the entire cooking process is optimized in terms of time and energy consumption. This also enables the quality of the food itself to be improved.
  • the embodiment of the invention according to claim 2 further simplifies the automatic control of the cooking process.
  • a name corresponding to the food to be cooked in particular the name of the food to be cooked and the type of cooking, is entered in the control panel, for example Vegetables "and The corresponding predetermined cooking intensity is stored in the regulating or control device and is automatically assigned to the selected cooking parameters, as a result of which the cooking process is regulated fully automatically.
  • Claim 3 relates to a further measure to simplify the automatic control of the cooking process. Only the name of the food to be cooked is used as the cooking parameter, e.g. The selection of further cooking parameters by the user is superfluous, since the selected name already stores a predetermined type of cooking, cooking intensity and, if necessary, cooking time as additional cooking parameters in the regulating or control device and is assigned to the selected cooking parameter after entering the name of the food to be cooked, a fully automatic control of the entire cooking process.
  • Claim 4 enables a large number of stored combinations of selected cooking parameters and these additional cooking parameters assigned by the regulating or control device. In this way, the hob is suitable for a large number of different cooking processes and different items to be cooked.
  • the operation of the control panel is further simplified. Operating errors are avoided.
  • the selected cooking parameter is optically displayed either in plain text or as a symbol by a display device.
  • Claims 6 and 7 support a technically simple structure and simple handling of the control panel.
  • the measure according to claim 8 avoids incorrect settings or an incorrect selection of cooking parameters, as is disadvantageous in conventional, e.g. trained as a gag actuators is the case.
  • the measure according to claim 9 additionally supports the convenient operation of the hob.
  • the end of the cooking phase Sear is displayed so that he can, for example, put his steak in the pan or pour French fries into a fryer at the right time.
  • the end of the entire cooking process is indicated to the user, as a result of which the food does not cool down unnecessarily.
  • the hob 1 made of glass ceramic, shown schematically in FIG. 1, has a heating element 3 that heats its hotplate 2, a sensor 4 that measures the hotplate temperature, and a regulating or control device 5 that receives and processes the sensor signals.
  • a heating element 3 that heats its hotplate 2
  • a sensor 4 that measures the hotplate temperature
  • a regulating or control device 5 that receives and processes the sensor signals.
  • the heating power of the radiator 3 can be adapted to differently selected types of cooking 7 (roasting, cooking, heating) and to different cooking intensities 8 (FIG. 2).
  • the regulating or control device 5 coupled to the control panel 6 enables automatic regulation of a cooking process.
  • the user selects a cooking type 7 and a cooking intensity 8 on the control panel 6.
  • the regulating or control device 5 receives the selected cooking parameters in the form of electrical signals and assigns these signals a predetermined temperature or a predetermined temperature range for the hotplate 2.
  • the regulating or control device 5 continuously monitors the current temperature of the hotplate 2 by means of the sensor system 4 and compares these sensor signals with the cooking parameters received. Depending on this comparison, the regulating or control device 5 controls the heating element 3, so that the hotplate 2 is automatically heated up with the required heating power.
  • control panel 6 In a further embodiment of the control panel 6, not shown here, the name of the food to be cooked and the type of cooking, for example Vegetables "and Cooking "is selected. A sensible cooking intensity is permanently assigned to these two selected cooking parameters and for this purpose is stored in a data memory 9 connected to the regulating or control device 5. The regulating or control device recognizes this selected combination of the cooking parameters and automatically assigns this combination the predetermined cooking intensity.
  • the user simply selects the name of the food to be cooked, for example Rice pudding ".
  • a useful method of cooking for this food ( Cooking ") and cooking intensity ( weak ") are stored in the data memory 9 and are automatically assigned to the selected cooking parameter by the regulating or control device 5.
  • the cooking process is therefore in turn regulated fully automatically.
  • the selected cooking item is also a remaining cooking time from the time of the start of cooking as a predetermined cooking parameter, for example according to This remaining cooking time is also stored in the data memory 9 and is automatically assigned to the selected item to be cooked by the control device 5.
  • This remaining cooking time can be optically displayed on the hob 1, for example in minutes, after the remaining cooking time has elapsed. or the control device 5 from the heating element 3, whereby the cooking process is ended.
  • Different states of a cooking or cooking process can also be detected, for example, by a device and a method for regulating cooking processes, as known from the earlier European patent application 96 102 781.0.
  • this is an automatic cooking point detection possible, on which the regulation of the remaining cooking time can then be based.
  • the control panel 6 offers three different types of cooking 7 for each of the four hotplates 2, namely roasting, boiling, heating.
  • An input element 10 in the form of a push button is assigned to each type of cooking (FIG. 2). All cooking intensities 8 of a single hotplate 2 can be selected by means of a single input element 10 '.
  • the input element 10 ' which is also designed as a pushbutton, is connected to an actuator, for example a bit generator. By rotating the input element 10 ', the user can select one of five cooking intensities (weak, medium weak, medium, medium strong, strong), for example the intensity medium "is displayed as a suggestion when a type of cooking is selected and can be changed up and down.
  • the selected cooking intensity is optically recognizable on a display device 11 arranged on the top of the hob 1 (FIG. 3).
  • the scale-like display device 11 contains a total of five Intensity markings 12.
  • the corresponding intensity marking 12 lights up.
  • the selected cooking intensity is displayed in clear text on the cooking hob 1.
  • the cooking hob 1 is one with the input element 10 ' greater or lesser number of intensity levels than the five aforementioned intensity levels available.
  • the hob 1 can also a cookbook, a table or the like. are included, from which the user takes the cooking intensity to be selected depending on the food to be cooked. This further increases the ease of use of the hob 1.
  • the regulating or control device 5 controls the radiator 3 in all types of cooking in the initial phase, ie in the heating, boiling or searing process in such a way that a predetermined heating output is given to the hotplate 2 in question.
  • the continuing phase of the entire cooking process follows the initial phase.
  • the control electronics 5 regulate a temperature associated with this cooking intensity at the hotplate 2 as a function of the selected cooking intensity.
  • the same cooking intensity eg Depending on the type of cooking selected, a different temperature is assigned to the hotplate.
  • the regulating or control device 5 recognizes the selected combination of cooking type and cooking intensity and assigns the desired temperature of the hotplate 2 stored in the data memory 9 to this combination Temperature values can also be determined by DIN values.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Cookers (AREA)
  • Electric Stoves And Ranges (AREA)
EP19960108142 1996-02-02 1996-05-22 Plague de cuisson avec réglage automatique Expired - Lifetime EP0788292B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP19960108142 EP0788292B1 (fr) 1996-02-02 1996-05-22 Plague de cuisson avec réglage automatique

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19603819 1996-02-02
DE19603819 1996-02-02
EP96106514 1996-04-25
EP96106514 1996-04-25
EP19960108142 EP0788292B1 (fr) 1996-02-02 1996-05-22 Plague de cuisson avec réglage automatique

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0788292A1 true EP0788292A1 (fr) 1997-08-06
EP0788292B1 EP0788292B1 (fr) 2002-01-23

Family

ID=27215871

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19960108142 Expired - Lifetime EP0788292B1 (fr) 1996-02-02 1996-05-22 Plague de cuisson avec réglage automatique

Country Status (1)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0788292B1 (fr)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0982972A2 (fr) * 1998-08-28 2000-03-01 E.G.O. ELEKTRO-GERÄTEBAU GmbH Dispositif de commutation dans un chauffage électrique
DE19918290C1 (de) * 1999-04-22 2001-01-04 Aeg Hausgeraete Gmbh Kochgerät mit einfach handhabbarer Bedieneinrichtung
DE10123640A1 (de) * 2001-05-07 2003-01-09 Ego Elektro Geraetebau Gmbh Berührungsschalteranordnung und Verfahren zur Steuerung eines Berührungsschalters
DE10141754A1 (de) * 2001-08-29 2003-04-03 Aeg Hausgeraete Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Steuern eines Gargerätes, insbesondere Haushaltsgargerätes
US6734377B2 (en) 2001-05-07 2004-05-11 E.G.O. Elektro-Geraetebau Gmbh Touch switch layout and method for the control of a touch switch
ES2257981A2 (es) * 2006-04-03 2006-08-01 Coprecitec, S.L. "dispositivo de mando para una cocina".
US7199271B2 (en) 2005-03-17 2007-04-03 Invista North America S.A.R.L. Method for reducing cyclohexenone content of a cyclohexenone-containing organic mixture
EP2066148A1 (fr) * 2007-11-28 2009-06-03 BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH Champ de cuisson doté d'un capteur de température et d'une interface utilisateur équipée d'un affichage graphique et procédé de fonctionnement d'un champ de cuisson

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3259056A (en) * 1963-03-26 1966-07-05 Gen Motors Corp Automatic oven heat control by weight and type of roast
EP0066637A1 (fr) * 1981-06-05 1982-12-15 Litton Systems, Inc. Procédé pour brunir des aliments dans un four à micro-ondes
DE3701308A1 (de) * 1987-01-17 1988-07-28 Buderus Ag Vorrichtung zum eingeben unterschiedlicher betriebsarten und programmablaeufe in ein geraet zum erwaermen und/oder garen von speisen
DE3722632A1 (de) * 1987-07-09 1989-01-19 Licentia Gmbh Glaskeramikkochflaeche bzw. kochmulde
DE3811925C1 (fr) * 1988-04-09 1989-03-02 Kurt Wolf & Co Kg, 7547 Wildbad, De
EP0514109A2 (fr) * 1991-05-17 1992-11-19 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Procédé et dispositif de commande de la puissance de chauffage
DE4310235A1 (de) * 1993-03-30 1994-10-06 Bosch Siemens Hausgeraete Gar- Brat- und Backverfahren
GB2280829A (en) * 1993-06-08 1995-02-08 London Inst Higher Education C Microwave oven having non-contact temperature sensor for food
DE4336752A1 (de) * 1993-10-28 1995-05-04 Daimler Benz Ag Verfahren zum Anpassen der elektrischen Heizleistung an die zur Speisenzubereitung erforderlichen Kenngrößen

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3259056A (en) * 1963-03-26 1966-07-05 Gen Motors Corp Automatic oven heat control by weight and type of roast
EP0066637A1 (fr) * 1981-06-05 1982-12-15 Litton Systems, Inc. Procédé pour brunir des aliments dans un four à micro-ondes
DE3701308A1 (de) * 1987-01-17 1988-07-28 Buderus Ag Vorrichtung zum eingeben unterschiedlicher betriebsarten und programmablaeufe in ein geraet zum erwaermen und/oder garen von speisen
DE3722632A1 (de) * 1987-07-09 1989-01-19 Licentia Gmbh Glaskeramikkochflaeche bzw. kochmulde
DE3811925C1 (fr) * 1988-04-09 1989-03-02 Kurt Wolf & Co Kg, 7547 Wildbad, De
EP0514109A2 (fr) * 1991-05-17 1992-11-19 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Procédé et dispositif de commande de la puissance de chauffage
DE4310235A1 (de) * 1993-03-30 1994-10-06 Bosch Siemens Hausgeraete Gar- Brat- und Backverfahren
GB2280829A (en) * 1993-06-08 1995-02-08 London Inst Higher Education C Microwave oven having non-contact temperature sensor for food
DE4336752A1 (de) * 1993-10-28 1995-05-04 Daimler Benz Ag Verfahren zum Anpassen der elektrischen Heizleistung an die zur Speisenzubereitung erforderlichen Kenngrößen

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0982972A2 (fr) * 1998-08-28 2000-03-01 E.G.O. ELEKTRO-GERÄTEBAU GmbH Dispositif de commutation dans un chauffage électrique
DE19839265A1 (de) * 1998-08-28 2000-03-02 Ego Elektro Geraetebau Gmbh Einrichtung zum Schalten einer elektrischen Heizung
EP0982972A3 (fr) * 1998-08-28 2001-01-17 E.G.O. ELEKTRO-GERÄTEBAU GmbH Dispositif de commutation dans un chauffage électrique
US6255629B1 (en) 1998-08-28 2001-07-03 E.G.O. Elektro-Geratebau Gmbh Device for switching an electric heater
DE19918290C1 (de) * 1999-04-22 2001-01-04 Aeg Hausgeraete Gmbh Kochgerät mit einfach handhabbarer Bedieneinrichtung
DE10123640A1 (de) * 2001-05-07 2003-01-09 Ego Elektro Geraetebau Gmbh Berührungsschalteranordnung und Verfahren zur Steuerung eines Berührungsschalters
US6734377B2 (en) 2001-05-07 2004-05-11 E.G.O. Elektro-Geraetebau Gmbh Touch switch layout and method for the control of a touch switch
DE10141754A1 (de) * 2001-08-29 2003-04-03 Aeg Hausgeraete Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Steuern eines Gargerätes, insbesondere Haushaltsgargerätes
US7199271B2 (en) 2005-03-17 2007-04-03 Invista North America S.A.R.L. Method for reducing cyclohexenone content of a cyclohexenone-containing organic mixture
ES2257981A2 (es) * 2006-04-03 2006-08-01 Coprecitec, S.L. "dispositivo de mando para una cocina".
EP2066148A1 (fr) * 2007-11-28 2009-06-03 BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH Champ de cuisson doté d'un capteur de température et d'une interface utilisateur équipée d'un affichage graphique et procédé de fonctionnement d'un champ de cuisson
ES2331778A1 (es) * 2007-11-28 2010-01-14 Bsh Electrodomesticos España, S.A Campo de coccion con un sensor de temperatura y una interfaz de usuario con un visualizador grafico y procedimiento para el accionamiento de un campo de coccion.

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0788292B1 (fr) 2002-01-23

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
DE69832329T2 (de) Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Regelung eines elektrischen Heizelementes
DE112008000413B4 (de) Kochfeld mit einem bewegbaren Heizelement
DE102004013553B4 (de) Gargerät mit vorgegebenem Parameter, Programm und/oder Betriebsart
WO2009053279A1 (fr) Table de cuisson et procédé de fonctionnement d'un champ de cuisson
DE3837096A1 (de) Leistungssteueranordnung und -verfahren fuer ein glaskeramikkochfeld
EP2085700A2 (fr) Appareil de cuisson destiné au revêtement tournant intelligent et procédé correspondant
EP0050240B1 (fr) Dispositif de commande pour l'alimentation en énergie de cuisinières électriques
WO2001014798A1 (fr) Systeme de commande ou de reglage d'une cuisiniere
EP0788292B1 (fr) Plague de cuisson avec réglage automatique
EP1600694A2 (fr) Dispositif et méthode de commande et d'affichage à temps d'un appareil de ménage
EP1706673B1 (fr) Appareil de cuisson avec un parametre, programme et/ou mode de fonctionnement predetermine
DE3204518C2 (de) Schaltungsanordnung in Backöfen
DE1565816B2 (de) Steuereinrichtung zum kochen braten und backen
DE102007008893A1 (de) Hausgerät mit einem versenkbaren Bedienelement und Verfahren zum Bedienen eines derartigen Hausgeräts
DE3313957C2 (fr)
EP0493366A2 (fr) Procédé de commande de la puissance de chauffage d'un corps de chauffage d'une cuisinière et dispositif de commande de la puissance à fournir à au moins un corps de chauffage d'une cuisinière
EP2129969B1 (fr) Appareil de cuisson et procédé permettant d'éviter le fonctionnement inattendu d'un appareil de cuisson
EP2896889B1 (fr) Procédé destiné au fonctionnement d'un appareil de cuisson avec une plaque de cuisson et appareil de cuisson
DE1197996B (de) Einrichtung zum elektrischen Kochen von Gerichten nach einem Zeitprogramm
DE102004032074B3 (de) Herdschaltuhr
EP1926940B1 (fr) Plaque de cuisson
DE10064117B4 (de) Kochfeld mit zwei Betriebsarten
EP1074823A1 (fr) Table de cuisson avec capteur de poids
EP0752227A1 (fr) Dispositif pour le traitement à chaud des aliments
EP3250001B1 (fr) Appareil de cuisson ménager

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19970311

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): CH DE FR IT LI

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 19991109

GRAG Despatch of communication of intention to grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA

GRAG Despatch of communication of intention to grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA

GRAH Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA

GRAH Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): CH DE FR IT LI

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: EP

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: NV

Representative=s name: TROESCH SCHEIDEGGER WERNER AG

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 59608645

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 20020314

ET Fr: translation filed
PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed
PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Payment date: 20090522

Year of fee payment: 14

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CH

Payment date: 20090525

Year of fee payment: 14

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20100531

Ref country code: CH

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20100531

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20100522

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: PLFP

Year of fee payment: 20

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 20150521

Year of fee payment: 20

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 20150521

Year of fee payment: 20

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R071

Ref document number: 59608645

Country of ref document: DE