EP0771430A1 - Systeme permettant de detecter la presence d'objets dans une zone a surveiller - Google Patents

Systeme permettant de detecter la presence d'objets dans une zone a surveiller

Info

Publication number
EP0771430A1
EP0771430A1 EP95915752A EP95915752A EP0771430A1 EP 0771430 A1 EP0771430 A1 EP 0771430A1 EP 95915752 A EP95915752 A EP 95915752A EP 95915752 A EP95915752 A EP 95915752A EP 0771430 A1 EP0771430 A1 EP 0771430A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
signal
signals
reflector
arrangement according
monitored
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP95915752A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Hans Helma
Bodo LÜBBE
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP0771430A1 publication Critical patent/EP0771430A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16P—SAFETY DEVICES IN GENERAL; SAFETY DEVICES FOR PRESSES
    • F16P3/00—Safety devices acting in conjunction with the control or operation of a machine; Control arrangements requiring the simultaneous use of two or more parts of the body
    • F16P3/12—Safety devices acting in conjunction with the control or operation of a machine; Control arrangements requiring the simultaneous use of two or more parts of the body with means, e.g. feelers, which in case of the presence of a body part of a person in or near the danger zone influence the control or operation of the machine
    • F16P3/14—Safety devices acting in conjunction with the control or operation of a machine; Control arrangements requiring the simultaneous use of two or more parts of the body with means, e.g. feelers, which in case of the presence of a body part of a person in or near the danger zone influence the control or operation of the machine the means being photocells or other devices sensitive without mechanical contact
    • F16P3/147—Safety devices acting in conjunction with the control or operation of a machine; Control arrangements requiring the simultaneous use of two or more parts of the body with means, e.g. feelers, which in case of the presence of a body part of a person in or near the danger zone influence the control or operation of the machine the means being photocells or other devices sensitive without mechanical contact using electro-magnetic technology, e.g. tags or radar
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
    • B61L29/00—Safety means for rail/road crossing traffic
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/02—Systems using reflection of radio waves, e.g. primary radar systems; Analogous systems
    • G01S13/04—Systems determining presence of a target
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H01Q1/32—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles
    • H01Q1/3208—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the application wherein the antenna is used
    • H01Q1/3225—Cooperation with the rails or the road
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/44—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the electric or magnetic characteristics of reflecting, refracting, or diffracting devices associated with the radiating element
    • H01Q3/46—Active lenses or reflecting arrays
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/02—Systems using reflection of radio waves, e.g. primary radar systems; Analogous systems
    • G01S13/06—Systems determining position data of a target
    • G01S13/08—Systems for measuring distance only
    • G01S13/32—Systems for measuring distance only using transmission of continuous waves, whether amplitude-, frequency-, or phase-modulated, or unmodulated
    • G01S13/34—Systems for measuring distance only using transmission of continuous waves, whether amplitude-, frequency-, or phase-modulated, or unmodulated using transmission of continuous, frequency-modulated waves while heterodyning the received signal, or a signal derived therefrom, with a locally-generated signal related to the contemporaneously transmitted signal
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/74—Systems using reradiation of radio waves, e.g. secondary radar systems; Analogous systems
    • G01S13/75—Systems using reradiation of radio waves, e.g. secondary radar systems; Analogous systems using transponders powered from received waves, e.g. using passive transponders, or using passive reflectors
    • G01S13/751—Systems using reradiation of radio waves, e.g. secondary radar systems; Analogous systems using transponders powered from received waves, e.g. using passive transponders, or using passive reflectors wherein the responder or reflector radiates a coded signal
    • G01S13/755—Systems using reradiation of radio waves, e.g. secondary radar systems; Analogous systems using transponders powered from received waves, e.g. using passive transponders, or using passive reflectors wherein the responder or reflector radiates a coded signal using delay lines, e.g. acoustic delay lines
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/74—Systems using reradiation of radio waves, e.g. secondary radar systems; Analogous systems
    • G01S13/76—Systems using reradiation of radio waves, e.g. secondary radar systems; Analogous systems wherein pulse-type signals are transmitted
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/74—Systems using reradiation of radio waves, e.g. secondary radar systems; Analogous systems
    • G01S13/82—Systems using reradiation of radio waves, e.g. secondary radar systems; Analogous systems wherein continuous-type signals are transmitted
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
    • G01S7/024—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00 using polarisation effects
    • G01S7/025—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00 using polarisation effects involving the transmission of linearly polarised waves
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
    • G01S7/024—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00 using polarisation effects
    • G01S7/026—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00 using polarisation effects involving the transmission of elliptically or circularly polarised waves

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an arrangement for the detection of objects in an area to be monitored according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • German utility model 93 05 611 an arrangement has therefore been proposed in which a transmitting device sends a high-frequency interrogation signal through the monitored area to a reflector device.
  • a transmitting device sends a high-frequency interrogation signal through the monitored area to a reflector device.
  • This consists of an antenna and a surface wave delay element connected to it with the interposition of an interdigital transducer.
  • the surface wave is reflected, transmitted back to the antenna as an electrical signal via the interdigital transducer and reflected back to the transmitter, where it is detected by a receiver and fed to an evaluation device. If there is an object in the radiation field within the monitored area, the reflected signal is damped.
  • the evaluation device detects the resulting change in amplitude and emits a signal.
  • the present invention has for its object to provide an arrangement with which objects in a monitored area can be detected more reliably than with the known devices.
  • this object is achieved with the measures specified in the characterizing part of claim 1. It is essential that the degree of amplification of the amplifier is smaller than the coupling between the transmitting and the receiving antenna of the reflector device, so that it does not vibrate even under unfavorable conditions.
  • This coupling can be influenced by the distance between the antennas and / or by the choice of the polarization of the received and transmitted signal and by mutual shielding. For example, the polarization directions of transmitted and received signals can be perpendicular to one another. Circular polarization can also achieve extensive decoupling. So that is At the same time, suppression or differentiation of signals directly reflected on objects is possible.
  • FIG. 1 shows the schematic diagram of an embodiment of the invention
  • SE is a transmitter which contains a microwave transmitter. Its frequency is in the frequency range customary for radar purposes, in the exemplary embodiment at approximately 2500 MHz.
  • the frequency is modulated by a modulator M with a triangular or sawtooth voltage; the frequency swing is approximately 40 MHz in the exemplary embodiment.
  • the frequency modulated in this way is passed to a transmitter antenna SA which, in the case of an essentially horizontal region to be monitored, is expediently designed such that its radiation lobe has a greater angle in the horizontal than in the vertical plane.
  • the radiation from the transmitter antenna SA is directed onto a reflector reception antenna REA, which is part of a reflector device RE.
  • the antenna signal is fed from a circulator ZI or another direction-dependent switch to a delay element LE, which returns the signal to the circulator ZI with a delay of 1-5 ⁇ s.
  • the runtime element LE is expediently a surface wave element with an associated transducer which converts the electrical signals into acoustic and vice versa.
  • the output signal of the runtime element LE is fed from the circulator ZI to an amplifier VS, which feeds a transmitting antenna RSA. This is directed to a receiver antenna EA, which belongs to a receiving unit EE.
  • the signal of the signal is fed from a circulator ZI or another direction-dependent switch to a delay element LE, which returns the signal to the circulator ZI with a delay of 1-5 ⁇ s.
  • the runtime element LE is expediently a surface wave element with an associated transducer which converts the electrical signals into acoustic and vice versa.
  • the output signal of the runtime element LE is fed from the circulator ZI to an amplifier
  • Antenna EA and that of transmitter S differ not only in their amplitude but also in their phase, the phase shift is essentially determined by the term in the term element LE.
  • the phase shift is therefore constant and thus also the amount of the frequency difference between the two linear frequency-modulated signals.
  • a superposition receiver UE forms a difference signal from the two signals, the frequency of which essentially depends on the difference frequency and the amplitude thereof depends on the intensity of the radiation received by the receiver antenna EA.
  • the signal of the superimposition receiver UE is expediently passed through a filter whose pass frequency is matched to the difference frequency.
  • the amplitude of the transmitter S is constant. If an object gets into the radiation fields between the antennas SA, EA or RSA, EA, the radiation is damped and the amplitude drops.
  • an evaluation unit AW essentially an amplitude discriminator, is designed such that it emits a signal when the amplitude of the difference signal falls below a threshold value or another higher value Threshold exceeded.
  • the degree of amplification of the amplifier VS must not be greater than the coupling between the antennas RSA, REA.
  • the degree of amplification should be as high as possible so that reflections from objects further away do not interfere. Attempts will therefore be made to keep the coupling small by a suitable spatial arrangement of the two antennas or by different polarization of the radiation.
  • this has the advantage that radiation reflected on passive reflectors can be distinguished from that reflected on the reflector unit RE.
  • the two directions of polarization are expediently perpendicular to one another.
  • a further improvement can be achieved by using circular polarization, because this changes its direction of rotation when reflected on an obstacle.
  • the superimposition receiver UE forms signals therefrom whose frequency is a measure of the distance of the objects from the transmitting device SE.
  • the described embodiment works according to a continuous wave radar method. Instead, pulse radar can also be used.
  • the pulses are then evaluated, the transit time of which is determined by the distance between the transmitter and reflector units and the delay time of the transit time element LE.
  • the direct reflection on objects in the monitored area can also be evaluated when using pulse radar.
  • the decoupling of the two antennas of the reflector device can also be achieved in that the receiving antenna is separated from the circulator ZI during the delivery of the pulses from the amplifier VS. It is then even possible to use one antenna each on the side of the transmitting / receiving device and on the side of the reflector device, which antenna is used alternately as a transmitting and receiving antenna.
  • FIG. 2 shows a possible monitoring of a level crossing at the same level with arrangements according to FIG. 1.
  • GL 1, GL2 denotes two tracks which cross a street ST. This can be blocked with two pairs of half barriers BS1, BS2. Before closing, it must be ensured that no people are in the area of the level crossing or other objects, e.g. B there are broken down motor vehicles.
  • SE / EE1 At one corner of the area to be monitored is a first transmitter and receiver unit SE / EE1, which is shown in FIG. described type mounted. This is in the described interaction with two reflector units RE2, RE3, which are set up on the opposite side of the monitored area.
  • a second transmitter and receiver unit SE / EE2 which expediently operates with a different frequency than the first, is located diagonally opposite the first with respect to the monitored area. It works with two reflector units RE1, RE4.
  • the radiation fields of cooperating transmitter / receiver units and reflector units, within the objects of which are ascertained, have the cross-sectional shape of an ellipse (first Fresnel zone).
  • the entire area to be monitored can therefore be covered by suitably arranging only a few units.
  • several reflector units can be present for each transmitting and receiving device SE / EE. Their runtime elements can have the same delay time. However, different delay times are cheaper.
  • the difference signal of the superimposition receiver of the receiving device then has a characteristic frequency for each reflector unit, so that on the one hand the operational readiness of each reflector device is always checked and on the other hand the objects can be located in the monitored area
  • FIG. 3 shows an arrangement for monitoring a rectangular area G with only one transmitter SE but several receivers El, E2, E3.
  • the transmitter is on three reflector devices gen RE5, RE6, RE7, which are arranged on the side of the region G opposite the transmitter.
  • the radiation reflected by this is received by the three receivers E1, E2, E3 which, in contrast to the receivers of the arrangement shown in FIG. 2, are operated at the same frequency. If, as described above, the transmission frequency is modulated, the oscillators of the receivers must be correspondingly modulated synchronously, or the transmitter signal is used for superimposition with the received signals.
  • the receivers E1, E2, E3 each contain an evaluation unit, the signals of which are combined in a unit A.
  • this is an OR gate which emits a message signal when at least one of the receiver devices generates a message signal.
  • the signal signals of the transmitting and receiving devices SE / EE of the arrangement according to FIG. 2 can also be combined in a corresponding manner.
  • the transmission power can be slowly reduced during commissioning, and expediently periodically.
  • the receiving devices In the unadjusted state, the receiving devices then emit message signals one after the other when their response thresholds are undershot. For the adjustment, one can proceed by first setting a receiving device to the desired response level and then, in the case of periodically decreasing transmission power, setting the response levels of the others in such a way that they simultaneously emit signaling signals.
  • the function of the arrangement can be monitored by briefly reducing the transmission power to such an extent that all transmission links are reported as damped if there are no errors.
  • at least one receiving device does not emit a signal.
  • the difference between the transmitted signal and the received reflected signal is formed in the receiving devices and the difference signal is evaluated with respect to amplitude and frequency in order to determine an object in the monitored area.
  • objects can also be recognized by subjecting the received signals or the differential signals to spectral analysis. Characteristic sizes of the spectrum, such as amplitudes and ratio of amplitudes, are compared with normal values. In the event of a deviation by more than a predetermined amount, a notification signal is emitted.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)
  • Train Traffic Observation, Control, And Security (AREA)

Abstract

Un émetteur-récepteur et un réflecteur sont placés sur les faces opposées de la zone à surveiller. Le réflecteur comprend une antenne réceptrice dont le signal est acheminé, par l'intermédiaire d'un séparateur de Wilkinson ou d'un circulateur, jusqu'à un élément de retard à ondes de surface. Le signal qui revient de cet élément est acheminé, par le séparateur de Wilkinson ou le circulateur, jusqu'à un amplificateur qui alimente une antenne émettrice qui rediffuse le signal vers l'émetteur-récepteur. Des objets situés dans le champ de rayonnement entraînent une modification de l'amplitude du signal réfléchi, de manière à ce que l'objet concerné puisse être détecté à l'aide d'un dispositif d'évaluation, dans le plus simple des cas, à l'aide d'un discriminateur d'amplitude. Les signaux peuvent être des signaux radar pulsés. On utilise cependant de préférence des signaux modulés en fréquence, correspondant au radar à ondes entretenues à modulation de fréquence, de manière à ce que outre l'amplitude du signal réfléchi, la différence de fréquence entre le signal émis et le signal réfléchi puisse également servir de critère pour les objets présents dans la zone surveillée. L'invention s'utilise pour surveiller les passages à niveau.
EP95915752A 1994-07-18 1995-04-07 Systeme permettant de detecter la presence d'objets dans une zone a surveiller Withdrawn EP0771430A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE9411602U 1994-07-18
DE9411602U DE9411602U1 (de) 1994-07-18 1994-07-18 Anordnung zum Feststellen von Objekten in einem zu überwachenden Bereich
PCT/DE1995/000473 WO1996002859A1 (fr) 1994-07-18 1995-04-07 Systeme permettant de detecter la presence d'objets dans une zone a surveiller

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0771430A1 true EP0771430A1 (fr) 1997-05-07

Family

ID=6911288

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP95915752A Withdrawn EP0771430A1 (fr) 1994-07-18 1995-04-07 Systeme permettant de detecter la presence d'objets dans une zone a surveiller

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US5774045A (fr)
EP (1) EP0771430A1 (fr)
CN (1) CN1152958A (fr)
DE (1) DE9411602U1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1996002859A1 (fr)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE9411602U1 (de) 1995-08-17
CN1152958A (zh) 1997-06-25
US5774045A (en) 1998-06-30
WO1996002859A1 (fr) 1996-02-01

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