EP0770438A1 - Rundhämmermaschine und Verfahren zum Rundhämmern - Google Patents

Rundhämmermaschine und Verfahren zum Rundhämmern Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0770438A1
EP0770438A1 EP96307264A EP96307264A EP0770438A1 EP 0770438 A1 EP0770438 A1 EP 0770438A1 EP 96307264 A EP96307264 A EP 96307264A EP 96307264 A EP96307264 A EP 96307264A EP 0770438 A1 EP0770438 A1 EP 0770438A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
swaging
sets
metal stock
adjacent
metal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP96307264A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Keiichiro Yoshida
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from JP7275975A external-priority patent/JP2794547B2/ja
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0770438A1 publication Critical patent/EP0770438A1/de
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J7/00—Hammers; Forging machines with hammers or die jaws acting by impact
    • B21J7/02—Special design or construction
    • B21J7/14—Forging machines working with several hammers
    • B21J7/145—Forging machines working with several hammers the hammers being driven by a rotating annular driving member
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J7/00—Hammers; Forging machines with hammers or die jaws acting by impact
    • B21J7/02—Special design or construction
    • B21J7/14—Forging machines working with several hammers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to the art of metal working, and more particularly to a swaging machine that is capable of running at a high production rate and with a high metal working productivity.
  • the present invention also provides a swaging working method that may be performed in a continuous manner and at a high production rate.
  • final products may be obtained by increasing the density for a metal wire stock consisting of individual twisted wires, by refining the crystalline grain structure, by eliminating any deformation that might occur locally and unevenly in a particular direction, and by facilitating the metal working process.
  • metal stock there is a conventional swaging machine that includes a series of multi-stage swaging dies that apply pressure to a metal stock being worked in a radial direction, such as metal wire stock, metal tube stock, etc. (referred to collectively as "metal stock").
  • the metal stock When a metal stock is processed through the conventional arrangement of swaging die sets, the metal stock may be elongated in a longitudinal direction while becoming deformed in a transverse direction in which the metal stock tends to flow toward a relief in each of the die sets.
  • the number of impacts to be applied by the swaging dies as well as on the number of rotations to be driven when points of impact by the swaging dies change. For this reason, it is impossible to achieve the high production rate. If an attempt is made to increase the production rate, the metal stock being worked may excessively fill the elliptical relief in the dies, which may produce fins.
  • the metal stock entering the swaging dies under applied pressure may totally be swung by the increasing rotating torque produced in the swaging dies.
  • the low production rate must be tolerated.
  • the prior art swaging machine and method has a further disadvantage in that, when all of the swaging die sets arranged in the tandem are operated simultaneously, a metal stock may not be fed smoothly through the tandem swaging die arrangement, and so the smooth metal working cannot be achieved.
  • a solid metal wire stock is usually worked at the rate of 20 mm to 30 mm per second
  • a metal tube stock is usually worked at the rate of 30 mm to 60 mm per second.
  • Other metal stocks must be worked (such as drawn or rolled) at the low production rate, which corresponds to 1/10 to 1/20 of the above production rate.
  • the swaging process generally has a number of advantages. For example, cold or hot working may be carried on, depending upon the type of metals being worked, and metals of foreign shapes in cross section, such as triangle, square, and the like, may be produced by the swaging process. Therefore, the swaging process may be utilized for processing various types of metals.
  • the present invention eliminates the problems of the prior art swaging machine as described above, by arranging a series of several sets of swaging dies in a tandem in such a way that any two adjacent sets are placed at a particular angle with regard to each other.
  • one object of the present invention is to provide a swaging machine that is capable of running at a high production rate and with a high working productivity, and includes a series of several sets of swaging dies arranged in a tandem along the length of a metal stock being worked, wherein any two adjacent sets are placed in close proximity to each other and all of the swaging die sets are operated at a different timing with regard to each other.
  • the swaging machine may include two to six sets of swaging dies arranged in a tandem.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a swaging working method that may be performed in a continuous manner and at a high production rate by using several sets of swaging dies arranged in a tandem along the length of a metal stock being worked, wherein the method comprises allowing the following one of any two adjacent die sets to be operated at a different timing with regard to each other such that the following one of the two adjacent sets can apply a counter pressure to the metal stock from the side thereof located at a right angle to the side on which the metal may become deformed by flowing toward a relief in the preceding one of the any two adjacent die sets.
  • each adjacent die set may apply the pressure in the counter direction, in such a way that it can slowly control the increasing flow resistance of the metal stock that may become deformed due to its metal plasticity.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide a swaging working method that may be performed in a continuous manner and at a high production rate by using several sets of swaging dies arranged in a tandem along the length of a metal stock being worked, wherein the method comprises allowing the following one of any two adjacent swaging die sets to be operated for applying a counter pressure to the metal stock, from the side located at a right angle to the side on which the metal may become deformed by flowing toward the relief in the preceding one of the any two adjacent swaging die sets, said following one being operated at a different timing with regard to said preceding one at least when the maximum working pressure is applied.
  • a still another object of the present invention is to provide a swaging working method that may be performed in a continuous manner and at a high production rate by using several sets of swaging dies arranged in a tandem along the length of a metal stock being worked, wherein the method comprises allowing the following one of any two adjacent swaging die sets to be operated for applying a counter pressure to the metal stock, from the side located at an right angle to the side on which the metal may become deformed by flowing toward a relief in the preceding one of the any two swaging die sets, and wherein one of the swaging die sets is operated for working upon a metal stock, while all of the other swaging die sets are non-operational, freeing the metal stock from the irrespective holding pressure,
  • three-dimensional deformation may be obtained, depending upon the particular shape of the groove to be formed in the swaging dies, and the part of the metal to be deformed may be deformed by placing that part under the pressure applied by a series of swaging die sets arranged in a tandem. In this way, the coefficient of friction may be reduced drastically, and the part of the metal that has been deformed to expand transversely through the preceding stage set may be pressed by the next stage set following that preceding set, thus preventing any fins from being produced from that expanded part.
  • reduction may be performed through the first and second die sets, and skin pass may occur at the third die set.
  • the total frictional resistance may be reduced during the swaging process, and a high production rate (such as 300 mm per second or more) may be achieved.
  • reduction may be performed through the first, second, third and fourth die sets, and skin pass may occur at the last (fifth) die set.
  • any number of swaging die sets may be included in the tandem arrangement, but practically and preferably, two to six die sets may be included.
  • any swaging die sets that participate in the reduction are not operated simultaneously.
  • the first and second sets participate in the reduction.
  • backers 5, 5 having the shape shown in Fig.14 (a) and Fig.14 (b) may be provided so that the first and second sets are not operated at the same time.
  • those swaging die sets may be arranged at an offset from each other.
  • the backer rollers each of which has a part having a smaller diameter than the other part as shown in Fig. 7, Fig. 8 and Fig. 9.
  • roller each of which has an uniform diameter at any part of roller, may be provided, and the swaging die sets that participate in the reduction may be arranged at a right angle with regard to each other as shown in Fig. 15 in order to prevent at least any swaging die sets that participate in the reduction from being operated simultaneously.
  • types of metals that may be handled by the present invention may include those of tungsten, molybdenum, titanium, and the like. Those types of metals may be cold or hot worked by subjecting them to the swaging action. Particularly, the hot working may effectively be performed for a wire rope stock consisting of individual coper twists so that the gap between the individual twists can be minimized, that is, the maximum density may be obtained.
  • the swaging machine includes several sets of swaging dies arranged serially and in a tandem along the length of a metal stock being worked, each adjacent set being placed in close proximity to each other such that any two adjacent sets are positioned at a right angle with regard to each other.
  • any two adjacent sets that participate in the reduction may be operated at a different timing with regard to each other so that the following one of the any two adjacent sets can apply a counter pressure to a metal stock being worked, from the side located at a right angle to the side on which it becomes deformed from a true circle in section into an expanded part by flowing toward the relief in the preceding one of the any two adjacent sets.
  • the expanded part may be pressed and reformed back to the true circle by the following set, and the resistance to the deformation that metal is subjected to may be reduced. Passing sequentially through those die sets, the metal stock may be elongated in proportion to the cross section.
  • the swaging machine according to the present invention allows a metal stock to be worked by reducing the resistance to the deformation to which the metal stock is subjected.
  • the production rate or productivity may be increased.
  • the metal stock can be fed smoothly by avoiding that all the swaging die sets are operated simultaneously.
  • the resistance to the deformation to which a metal stock is subjected during the swaging action may be reduced, and the high production rate may therefore be achieved.
  • Those effects can be attained by arranging the several sets of swaging dies serially in a tandem and placing any two adjacent sets at an angle with regard to each other, and operating each swaging die set at a different timing with regard to the other swaging die sets. Products can thus be obtained by increasing the density (for a metal wire stock consisting of individual wires, in particular), refining the crystalline grain structure, and eliminating any deformation that may occur locally which would cause any fins to be produced.
  • the relatively high rate reduction (15% or more, for example) can be attained by avoiding that at least any two adjacent die sets or all die sets are actuated simultaneously for applying pressure to a metal stock being worked.
  • a swaging machine according to a first preferred embodiment which is the spindle-driven type.
  • a swaging machine generally designated by numeral 1, includes a housing 2 inside which an annular anti-pressure member 3 is mounted. Inside the annular anti-pressure member 3, there are backer rollers 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 4e, 4f, 4g, 4h (which are collectively referred to by a single reference numeral 4), which are arranged at equal intervals and mounted rotatably (Fig. 2).
  • the backer rollers 4 are operated to give impact to backers 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d, 5e (which are collectively referred to by a single reference numeral 5), which are then actuated to move a metal stock, such as metal wire stock 7 as shown, toward sets of dies 6a, 6b, 6c, 6d, 6e (which are collectively referred to by a single reference numeral 6) through which the metal wire stock 7 is subjected to the swaging action.
  • the backer rollers 4 are mounted on rings 8, 9 which are arranged at predetermined interval.
  • a spindle 11 is mounted across the interior of the housing 2, and is drivably supported at one end thereof on a bearing 10.
  • the outer end of the spindle 11 extending outwardly through the housing 2 carries a pulley 12, which is operatively connected to a pulley 14 on a motor 13 by way of a belt 15.
  • the other or inner end of the spindle 11 located inside the housing 2 is coupled with a die holder 16 (Fig. 13).
  • the die holder 16 has slits formed therein, which are collectively referred to by numeral 17, and each combination of the die 6 and backers 5 is mounted one after another in the corresponding slit 17 slidably in an axial direction.
  • the die holder 16 has a first slit 17a, a second slit 17b which is provided at a right angle with regard to the first slit 17a, and a third slit 17c which is provided at a right angle with regard to the second slit 17b.
  • those slits are provided in the order of the first slit 17a, second slit 17b and third slit 17c when viewed from the direction in which a metal wire stock 7 is fed toward the spindle 11, as indicated by an arrow 36 in Fig. 1.
  • Each respective combination of the die 6a and backer 5a, the die 6b and backer 5b, and the die 6c and backer 5c is mounted in each respective corresponding slit 17a, 17b, and 17c (Fig. 1, Fig. 12 and Fig. 13).
  • the swaging machine 1 may be run by starting the motor 13.
  • the motor 13 When the motor 13 is started, the spindle 11 is rotated in the direction of an arrow 18 by way of the pulley 14, belt 15 and pulley 12 (Fig. 2) Then, the backer rollers 4a, 4e are actuated to press the first set of dies 6a, 6a and the third set of dies 6c, 6c, and the backer rollers 4c, 4g are actuated to press the second set of dies 6b, 6b.
  • the metal wire stock 7 when the metal wire stock 7 is fed through the swaging machine 1, it is first placed under the pressure applied by the first set of dies 6a, 6a so that it is deformed to have an expanded portion, and is then placed under the pressure applied by the second set of dies 6b, 6b where the expanded portion is pressed and removed while it is deformed to have a second expanded portion. It is then placed under the pressure applied by the third set of dies 6c, 6c where the second expanded portion is then pressed and removed. Finally, the metal wire stock 7 is reformed to a wire product 7a having a true circle in cross section (Fig. 1).
  • reduction may occur through the first and second sets of dies, while for the five-stage swaging die arrangement, reduction may occur through the first through fourth sets of dies.
  • the metal wire stock passes through the first set of dies, it may be pressed and deformed transversely to include an expanded portion, and the resistance to the deformation to which the metal is subjected may become relatively small.
  • Passing through the second set of dies the expanded portion is pressed and removed, and the resistance to the deformation to which the metal is subjected may also become relatively small.
  • skin pass may occur through the third set of dies, and the resistance to the deformation to which the metal is subjected may become relatively small.
  • metal may be deformed easily by causing the first set of dies to press it in the direction of an arrow 25a (Fig. 11) so as to be deformed in the direction of an arrow 26a so that it can have an expanded portion, and then by causing the second set of dies to press the expanded portion in the direction of an arrow 29 so as to be deformed and removed.
  • each swaging die set is operated at a different timing with regard to the other swaging die sets.
  • the swaging die sets are not operated simultaneously except that at least the skin pass occurs.
  • the spindle 11 is driven for rotation.
  • annular anti-pressure member 19 which has a Vee groove 20 on the outer wall, which acts as a Vee pulley 21 which is operatively connected to a Vee pulley 23 on a motor 22 by way of a Vee belt 24.
  • An upper machine frame 25 is mounted on a machine pedestal 26, and mounting bolts are shown by 27, 27.
  • the backer rollers 4, the backers 5 and the die sets 6 in the current embodiment are identical to those in the preceding embodiment, both functionally and constructionally. For simplicity, the description of them is omitted.
  • the motor 22 when the motor 22 is started, it causes the Vee pulley 21 to rotate, moving the backer rollers 4 around in the direction of an arrow 28 (Fig 4). Those backer rollers 4 act upon the corresponding backers 5 sequentially so that the former can press the latter. Any two adjacent die sets are always kept at a particular angle with regard to each other, and the resistance to the deformation to which the metal stock is subjected may be reduced as described above in the preceding embodiment.
  • the swaging die arrangement described here is primarily intended for working a metal wire rope stock consisting of individual wires, in order to increase the density between the wires can be increased.
  • the total length of the die sets in series may be greater than the diameter of a particular metal wire stock.
  • the length may be 20 to 30 times the diameter of the metal wire stock.
  • the diameter of the metal wire stock may be reduced with its length remaining unchanged. Fins that might occur due to the deformation can be avoided.
  • the current embodiment provides the increased production rate.
  • each swaging die set is operated at a different timing with regard to the other swaging die sets.
  • the swaging die sets are not operated simultaneously except that at least the skin pass occurs.
  • a third preferred embodiment is described by referring to Figs. 5 and 6.
  • annular anti-pressure member 19 which has a Vee groove 20 on the outer side, which acts as a Vee pulley 21 which is operatively connected to a Vee pulley 23 on a motor 22 by way of a Vee belt 24.
  • the anti-pressure member 19 may be rotated by those elements.
  • a spindle 11 has a Vee pulley 12 fixed to the outer end thereof, which is operatively connected to a Vee pulley 14 on a motor 13 by way of a Vee belt 15.
  • a one-way clutch 38 may be operated to engage and disengage the spindle 11.
  • To the inner end of the spindle 11 is connected a die holder 16.
  • the anti-pressure member 19 may be rotated in the same manner as in the second embodiment, and the spindle 11 may be rotated in the same manner as in the first embodiment. Specifically, the anti-pressure member 19 may be rotated in the direction of an arrow 32, and the spindle 11 may be rotated in the direction of an arrow 31, as shown in Fig. 6.
  • the anti-pressure member 19 and the spindle 11 may be rotated by engaging the one-way clutch 38.
  • the spindle For a thick wire stock (or a rod) to be worked, the spindle must be rotated at a low speed, as opposed to the thin wire stock.
  • each swaging die set is operated at a different timing with regard to the other swaging die sets.
  • the swaging die sets are not operated simultaneously except that at least the skin pass occurs.
  • Fig. 7 shows the three stage tandem arrangement including each combination of dies 6a, 6b and 6c and corresponding backers 5a, 5b and 5c, in which any two adjacent combinations are placed at a right angle with regard to each other.
  • the first set of dies 6a, 6a is placed at an angle of 90° with regard to the second set of dies 6b, 6b which in turn is placed at an angle of 90° with regard to the third set of dies 6c, 6c which is placed at the same angle as the first set (that is, the first and third sets have the same orientation).
  • the set following its preceding set may apply a counter pressure to the metal stock from the side located at a right angle to the side on which the metal becomes deformed by flowing toward a relief in the preceding set.
  • the fifth stage tandem arrangement including each combination of dies 6a, 6b, 6c, 6d and 6e and corresponding backers 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d and 5e, in which any two adjacent combinations are placed at a right angle with regard to each other, is adopted, not shown, the third set of dies 6c, 6c is placed at an angle of 90° with regard to the fourth set of dies 6d, 6d which in turn is placed at an angle of 90° with regard to the fifth set of dies 6e, 6e.
  • the die sets 6a, 6c and 6e have the same angle
  • the die sets 6b and 6d have the same angle (that is, they have the same orientation, respectively).
  • Fig. 10 shows the die arrangement in which dies 30a, 30b, 30c are arranged radially and at an angle of 120° with regard to each other.
  • Fig. 12 shows the variation of the three stage die arrangement, in which a spindle 11 is supported by a roller bearing 33, and die holders which are collectively referred to by numeral 16 are coupled together by through bolts 34, 34.
  • the spindle 11 carries a Vee pulley 37 around which a Vee belt 35 is threaded.
  • Fig. 13 shows how the individual die holders 16a, 16b and 16c are positioned in relation to each other.
  • each sawing die set is operated at a different timing with regard to the other swaging die sets.
  • the swaging die sets are not operated simultaneously except that at least the skin pass occurs.
  • the die sets may be actuated at a different timing with regard to each other, by varying the shape of the surface on which each of the backers 5 engages the corresponding one of the backer rollers 4 and thereby allowing the backer rollers to be actuated at different times. As shown in Fig. 14 (a) and Fig. 14 (b), the die sets may be actuated at different times by providing the maximum expanded portions 36 and 36a on any two adjacent backers 3, 5 at an angle of ⁇ . Alternatively, the die sets may be actuated at different times by shifting the position of each backer roller in relation to each corresponding backer.
  • the swaging die sets are not operated simultaneously by providing the backer rollers, each of which includes a particular part having a small diameter than the other part, as shown in Fig. 7, Fig. 8 and Fig. 9.
  • the backer rollers each of which includes a particular part having a small diameter than the other part, as shown in Fig. 7, Fig. 8 and Fig. 9.
  • the first die set 6a, 6a is actuated according to the pressing by backer rollers 4a and 4d
  • the second die set 6b, 6b and the third die set 6c, 6c are not actuated.
  • the second die set 6b, 6b is not pressed as shown in Fig. 9 (a).
  • the third die set 6c, 6c is not pressed, since the parts of backer rollers 4a and 4d corresponding to the third die set 6c, 6c have a small diameter as shown in Fig. 7 and Fig. 9 (b).
  • six backer rollers are required, but this requirements may be reduced by varying the shape of the backer that contacts the corresponding backer roller as shown in Fig. 14 (a) and Fig. 14 (b).
  • the swaging die sets are not operated simultaneously by providing six rollers 4, each of which has an uniform diameter along the length of each roller, and providing the swaging die sets 6, that participate in the reduction, at right angle with regard to each die set as shown in Fig. 15.
  • any two adjacent die sets or all die sets may be actuated at different times, not simultaneously, by any other means than by providing the different maximum expanded portions on the backer rollers 5 or by shifting the positions of the backer rollers with regard to the corresponding backers, which may fall within the scope of the present invention.
  • the before described four embodiments may be changed to actuate any two adjacent die sets at the same time for applying pressure using backer rollers, which has conventional known structure and shape. Even if any two adjacent die sets are at the same timing, the resistance to the deformation to which a metal stock is subjected during the swaging action may be reduced, and the high production rate may therefore be achieved as compared with the conventional multi-stage swaging machine including several die sets arranged in a tandem, since, in the present invention, any two adjacent sets are positioned at an angle with regard to each other.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)
EP96307264A 1995-10-24 1996-10-04 Rundhämmermaschine und Verfahren zum Rundhämmern Ceased EP0770438A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP7275975A JP2794547B2 (ja) 1995-03-31 1995-10-24 高生産速度スエージングマシンおよびスエージング加工方法
JP275975/95 1995-10-24

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EP0770438A1 true EP0770438A1 (de) 1997-05-02

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EP96307264A Ceased EP0770438A1 (de) 1995-10-24 1996-10-04 Rundhämmermaschine und Verfahren zum Rundhämmern

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109277470A (zh) * 2018-09-12 2019-01-29 中山市弘毅制冷设备有限公司 一种双向旋锻式缩管机

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE492281A (de) *
US1580949A (en) * 1924-03-12 1926-04-13 Coulter & Mckenzie Machine Com Rotary swaging machine
DE916144C (de) * 1951-11-10 1954-08-05 Georg Welsch Haemmermaschine zum Schmieden von Schraubenspindeln und Spiralbohrern
GB1167060A (en) * 1966-05-23 1969-10-15 Ges Fertigungstechnik & Maschb Improvements in or relating to Apparatus for Swaging Continuous Stock.

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE492281A (de) *
US1580949A (en) * 1924-03-12 1926-04-13 Coulter & Mckenzie Machine Com Rotary swaging machine
DE916144C (de) * 1951-11-10 1954-08-05 Georg Welsch Haemmermaschine zum Schmieden von Schraubenspindeln und Spiralbohrern
GB1167060A (en) * 1966-05-23 1969-10-15 Ges Fertigungstechnik & Maschb Improvements in or relating to Apparatus for Swaging Continuous Stock.

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109277470A (zh) * 2018-09-12 2019-01-29 中山市弘毅制冷设备有限公司 一种双向旋锻式缩管机

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