EP0768920B1 - Rotor cutter for cutting up waste, in particular bulky items - Google Patents

Abstract

A rotor shear for comminuting particularly bulky waste materials is formed by two cutting rotors (2) combing each other, disposed parallel to each other, supported in a housing (1), and each driven in an opposite direction. Each cutting rotor (2) comprises spacer rings (4) and rotor disks (5) furnished with cutting teeth (6). A face of a front flank (61) of at least one cutting tooth (6) is furnished with geometrically staggered and/or angled partial faces (65). The spacer rings (4) and the rotor disks (5) are disposed on shafts (3). Wear disks (7) are coordinated to outer rotor disks (5) with corresponding circumferences and are connected to the shaft (3). The cutting teeth (6) operate against the circumference of the spacer rings (4) disposed between the rotor disks (5). At least one support device/stripper device (8) is coordinated with at least one shaft (3), where support parts (81) and stripper parts (82) of the support device/stripper device (8) are functionally separated.

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to a rotor shear for crushing particularly bulky Waste with at least two parallel to each other, counter-rotating, intermeshing cutting rotors, each consisting of several strung together on a shaft, with against Circumferential surface of the opposite shaft or spacer rings and against each other rotor disks provided with working cutting teeth.

State of the art

Such rotor shears are known and are mainly used for crushing waste such as bulky waste, household waste, old tires, bottles or containers made of metal, plastic and the like. Due to the different, often very resistant and tough materials contained in the bulky waste, such as bulky steel parts, steel inserts in old tires, etc., there are great problems with regard to the radial and axial forces to be absorbed and wear, which ultimately have an adverse effect on the shredding process and significantly affect the availability of rotor shears. Attempts were constantly made to counteract the problems of extremely high loads and wear, for example by the measures according to DE 27 31 588 C2 in the form of a two-part housing design, the execution of protective caps for the cutting teeth according to DE 39 18 657 C2 and finally the proposal according to the German patent application 42 40 444.4-23 to use cutting rotors with an oversize.
If these solutions also result in improvements in detail, there is currently no complex solution that largely eliminates the problem described above. For example, for cutting disks of rotor shears according to US Pat. No. 5,152,469A, solutions are shown which contain end disks, which, however, have no wear-protecting function and no function absorbing the axial forces. In addition, only a sealing function can be seen for these cover plates.
Furthermore, DE 24 50 936 A discloses teeth on tool rings made of disks, which rather generate axial forces. The cutting edge of the asymmetrical knives there can only press the material to be cut up during passage.
Finally, a scraper device according to GB 2 053 727 A has to be examined, which can lead to an insignificant extent to the reduction of disadvantageous axial forces.

Presentation of the invention

a) die Scheibe derart als Verschleißscheibe ausgestaltet ist, daß deren Umfang dem Schneidrotor entspricht, sie in einer Durchführung der den Zerkleinerungsraum abgrenzenden Trennwand und gegen einen äußeren Distanzring der gegenüberliegenden Welle läuft, wodurch die auf die Welle wirkenden Axialkräfte verringert werden und

b) der jeweilige Schneidzahn stufenartig versetzt ausgebildete Zerkleinerungskanten und Teilflächen der vorderen Zahnflanke mit der Wirkung aufweist, daß der Schneidzahn einerseits eine derartige stufenweise Zerkleinerung ausführt, die die harten Materialanteile einer einen Bruch herbeiführenden starken Kerbwirkung aussetzt und andererseits zugleich weiche Materialien im eigentlichen Sinne zerschneidet, um durch den so kräftemäßig optimierten Zerkleinerungsvorgang die Lagerung der Wellen zu entlasten.

The invention has for its object to construct a rotor shear of the type mentioned in such a way that the changed machine elements lead to a more effective shredding process, an optimal wear behavior and a reduction in the bearing load. The cutting teeth should have angled partial surfaces, at least one disk should be assigned to at least one outer rotor disk of the cutting rotor and the disk should be connected to the shaft.
According to the invention, this object is achieved by

a) the disc is designed as a wear disc that its circumference corresponds to the cutting rotor, it runs in a passage of the dividing wall delimiting the partition and against an outer spacer ring of the opposite shaft, thereby reducing the axial forces acting on the shaft and

b) the respective cutting tooth, in the form of staggered crushing edges and partial surfaces of the front tooth flank, with the effect that the cutting tooth, on the one hand, carries out such gradual shredding, which exposes the hard material parts to a strong notching effect which causes breakage and, on the other hand, cuts soft materials in the true sense, in order to relieve the bearing of the shafts through the force-optimized shredding process.

• keine Verklemmung von Zerkleinerungsgut wie bisher zwischen fest stehenden Verschleißelementen und dem Schneidrotor erfolgen kann und der Verschleiß geringer wird,
• die wirkenden Axialkräfte damit geringer und die Lebensdauer der Lager erhöht werden,
• somit in der Gesamtheit der Zerkleinerungsprozeß verbessert wird und
• die Rotorschere eine höhere Verfügbarkeit erhält.

Der Erfindung untergeordnete Ausführungsformen sind den Merkmalen der Ansprüchen 2 bis 32 zu entnehmen.
Davon sieht eine erste Ausführungsform vor, mindestens einer Welle eine Abstütz-/ Abstreifeinrichtung so zuzuordnen, daß diese mit einem funktionell selbständigen Abstützteil die Welle bzw. den Distanzring in einem Sektor zwischen unteren "Totpunkt" und horizontaler Symmetrielinie und mit einem von dem Abstützteil funktionell unabhängigen Abstreifteil im Bereich des unteren "Totpunktes" der Welle bzw. des Distanzringes umfaßt. Auch diese Lösung unterstützt

• infolge der Vermeidung von Verklemmungen des Zerkleinerungsgutes eine Senkung des Verschleißes,
• infolge der Verringerung der Belastung der Welle eine höhere Lebensdauer der Lager und
• einen effektiveren Zerkleinerungsprozeß bzw. eine höhere Verfügbarkeit der Rotorschere.

Diese zusätzliche Abstütz-/Abstreifeinrichtung kann entsprechend den Ansprüchen 17 bis 32 geführt werden.This inventive measure has the effect that

• no jamming of comminution material, as was previously the case between fixed wear elements and the cutting rotor, and wear is reduced,
• the acting axial forces are reduced and the service life of the bearings is increased,
• thus the whole of the crushing process is improved and
• the rotor shear gets a higher availability.

Embodiments subordinate to the invention can be gathered from the features of claims 2 to 32.
A first embodiment of this provides for at least one shaft to be assigned a support / stripping device in such a way that it uses a functionally independent support part to position the shaft or the spacer ring in a sector between the bottom "dead center" and the horizontal line of symmetry and with a functionally independent one from the support part Scraper part in the region of the lower "dead center" of the shaft or the spacer ring. This solution also supports

• a reduction in wear due to the prevention of jamming of the comminuted material,
• due to the reduction in the load on the shaft, a longer service life of the bearings and
• a more effective shredding process or higher availability of the rotor shear.

This additional support / stripping device can be performed according to claims 17 to 32.

The surprising and new effect resulting from the invention now exists in that the crushing process to the different types of materials shredding material mixture is adjustable while maintaining the beneficial effects, such as favorable wear behavior, lower Bearing loads and an improved shredding process. This makes it special high availability of a rotor shear achieved because this with regard to the comminuting material mixture optimized or designed according to this can.

Brief description of the drawings

Fig.1

eine vereinfachte Gesamtdarstellung einer geöffneten Rotorschere in der Draufsicht,

Fig. 2

eine äußere Rotorscheibe mit Verschleißscheibe als perspektivischer Ausschnitt aus einer Rotorschere sowie einen einzeln dargestellten Schneidzahn in einer erfindungsgemäßen Ausführung,

Fig. 3

Ausführungen von zusätzlichen Abstütz-/Abstreifeinrichtungen in den Formen

a) als Baueinheit,

b) mit getrenntem Abstützteil und Abstreifteil und

c) mit einem zusätzlichem Abstreifteil für einen Reversierbetrieb,

Fig. 4

Ausführungen von erfindungsgemäßen Schneidzähnen in den Formen wie in
a) bis e)

dargestellt.Show in the drawings

Fig. 1

a simplified overall view of an open rotor shear in plan view,

Fig. 2

an outer rotor disk with a wear disk as a perspective section of a rotor shear and an individually shown cutting tooth in an embodiment according to the invention,

Fig. 3

Execution of additional support / stripping devices in the molds

a) as a structural unit,

b) with separate support part and stripping part and

c) with an additional scraper part for a reversing operation,

Fig. 4

Designs of cutting teeth according to the invention in the forms as in
a) to e)

shown.

Best way to carry out the invention

The invention is described using the following exemplary embodiment. Corresponding Fig. 1, a rotor shear consists essentially of two parallel to each other in a housing 1 mounted, driven in opposite directions, meshing Cutting rotors 2, each of which are spaced apart on the shafts 3 lined up, with against the peripheral surface of the between the Cutting rotors 2 arranged on the shafts 3 spacer rings 4 and against each other working cutting teeth 6 (FIG. 2) provided rotor disks 5. The housing 1 has rear walls 1.1, end walls 1.2 and partitions 1.3. The waves 3 are in the end walls 1.2 stored. The on the meshing cutting rotors 2 by means of Spacer rings 4 spaced rotor disks 5 are arranged so that the 1 overhead cutting rotor 2 shown in Fig. 1 on the left side Has wear disc 7, which adjoins the outer rotor disc 5 and positive or non-positive (Fig. 2) or by means of a thread, not shown, with the Wave 3 is connected. This wear plate 7 corresponds to the scope of the outer rotor disk 5 and can advantageously be slightly larger than in diameter the rotor disk 5 are executed. The wear plate 7 runs with or without Game against an outer spacer ring 4.1 of the opposite shaft 3. The with this shaft 3 formed cutting rotor 2 has another on its right side Wear washer 7, which corresponds to the first wear washer 7 is arranged and designed. Both wear discs run in corresponding Implementation of the dividing walls delimiting the shredding room 1.3. It Designs are also possible, according to which the wear disks 7 as a collar or flange-like part of the shaft 3 are designed.

The embodiment shown in FIG. 1 is also conceivable in such a way that only one shaft 3 is assigned two outer wear disks 7, each running against corresponding outer spacer rings 4.1 of the opposite shaft 3 with or without play. The idea of the invention can also be applied to the rotor shears which have several pairs of cutting rotors 2. Finally, it is also in the sense of an embodiment according to the invention that the wear disk 7 does not abut directly against a rotor disk 5, but is separated from it by a spacer ring 4 or 4.1, the opposite rotor disk 5 then being practically sealed to the partition 1.3. It is essential that a pair of intermeshing cutting rotors 2 are assigned a maximum of two wear disks, each of which abuts an outer rotor disk 5 in the direction of the end wall 1.2 and is firmly connected to the shaft 3. This arrangement has shown that jamming of comminuted goods, as previously, between fixed wear elements and the cutting rotor 2 can be avoided, and thus the housing wear is significantly reduced. The lower axial forces increase the service life of the bearings. Overall, the shredding process improves and the rotor shears alone get a higher availability.
2 and 4a, b, c, d, e, the surfaces of the front tooth flanks 6.1 of the cutting teeth are designed in such a way that geometrically offset and / or angled partial surfaces 6.5 are produced , which lead to a gradual shredding and an optimal effect of the shredding edges 6.2, 6.3 and partial surfaces 6.5 involved in the shredding process. The cutting teeth 6 with the proposed geometries can then be used, which are matched to the material mixture to be shredded. In FIG. 2, the geometry of a cutting tooth 6, for example, is shown analogously to FIG. 4b, e and generally transferable to FIGS. 4a, c, d, the crushing edges 6.2 being the edges lying between the front tooth flank 6.1 and the end faces 6.6 , which work against the shredding edges 6.2 of the cutting tooth 6 of the opposite rotor disk 5 and the shredding edge 6.3 are defined as the edge lying between the tooth head 6.4 and the front tooth flank 6.1, which works against the spacer ring. Furthermore, the angles 6.7 between the partial surfaces 6.5 of the front tooth flank 6.1 and the end faces 6.6 are designated, which in the case of the embodiments according to FIGS. 2, 4a, b, e are approximately or exactly 90 °, a slight drop below such as 89 °, can be advantageous under certain conditions.
2, 4a-e do justice to the basic principle of the inventive concept and enable the use of different cutting teeth 6 that are matched to the respective comminution process. The basic functions of breaking / cutting are combined and brought into effect step by step, with reference to FIG 4c the refracting function or the cutting function on FIG. 4d are in the foreground. The design of the cutting tooth 6 with the retracted front tooth flank 6.1 and the return to the tooth tip 6.4 on the rear tooth flank (not designated) advantageously leaves an effective residual cutting tooth even after a possible breakage of the tooth due to the present cross-sectional conditions. 4e, which makes it possible to create a structural unit from at least two rotor disks 5 and offset cutting teeth 6. After wear of the outer crushing edges 6.2, 6.3, the rotor disks 5 can advantageously be assembled and reinserted with the end faces 6.6 of the worn crushing edges 6.2, 6.3. It is also possible with composite rotor disks 5 to produce the required thicker versions universally and simply for a corresponding comminution process.

These advantageous effects can still be functionally supported during the shredding process by additional support / stripping devices 8, which are arranged between the rotor disks 5 according to FIG. 1. Thereafter, each version is designed so that the functions of support and stripping are decoupled, ie that each support / stripping device according to Fig. 3a, b, c with a functionally independent support part 8.1, the spacer ring 4 in a sector 3.1 between the bottom "dead center "and horizontal line of symmetry and with a functionally independent scraper part 8.2 in the region of the lower" dead center "of the spacer ring 4. Specifically, as a result of avoiding jamming of the comminuted material, these agents contribute to reducing wear, and ensure a longer service life of the bearings, since the shaft 3 is relieved.
These features lead to the support of a more effective shredding process, ie to a further increase in the availability of the rotor shears.
The support / stripping device 8 according to FIG. 3a, c can be designed as a structural unit, according to FIG. 3a the stripping part 8.2 may be designed as a resilient component and, according to FIG. 3b, it may consist of separate components, such as supporting part 8.1 and stripping part 8.2. As shown in FIG. 3c, an additional wiping part 8.3 is provided to avoid material jamming during a reversing operation, which is expediently pivotable. All embodiments have in common that the cutting rotors 2 can be removed from the housing 1 without removing the support / stripping devices 8. Different assignments are possible depending on the material to be shredded.
The effect of using the embodiments and arrangements required for the respective comminution process in a replaceable and adaptable manner is typical.

Industrial applicability

With this embodiment and the various embodiments, one is Rotor shears are described which optimally match the types of material to be shredded are adjustable. In the sense of the problem described at the beginning, the Task, the solution features and the effects shown other embodiments possible, in particular the functional Interaction of the individual features according to the invention to increase the Realize the availability of rotor shears, such as coupling the wear plate 7 with an outer rotor disc 5, geometrically offset and / or angled Partial surfaces 6.5 of the front tooth flank 6.1 on the rotor disks 5 cutting teeth 6 and additional assignment of support / Scraper devices 8 for the cutting rotor 2.

Reference list

1 =

casing

1.1 =

Back wall

1.2 =

Front wall

1.3 =

partition wall

2 =

Cutting rotor

3 =

wave

3.1 =

Sector between the bottom "dead center" and the horizontal line of symmetry

4 =

Spacer ring

4.1 =

outer spacer

5 =

Rotor disc

6 =

Cutting tooth

6.1 =

anterior tooth flank

6.2 =

Shredding edge between the front tooth flank (6.1) and the end face (6.6)

6.3 =

Cutting edge between tooth tip (6.4) and front tooth flank (6.1)

6.4 =

Tooth head

6.5 =

Partial area of the front tooth flank

6.6 =

Face

6.7 =

Angle between partial surface (6.5) of the front tooth flank (6.1) and front (6.6)

7 =

Wear washer

8 =

Support / stripping device

8.1 =

Support part

8.2 =

Scraper part

8.3 =

additional scraper part

Claims (32)

1. A rotor shears for chopping bulky waste in particular with at least two contrarotating, intermeshing cutting rotors (2) mounted parallel to one another in a housing (1), each cutting rotor consisting of several rotor disks (5) which are aligned on a shaft (3) and are provided with cutting teeth (6) which work against one another and against the peripheral surface of the opposing shafts (3) or spacer rings (4) and which have angled partial surfaces, where at least one outer rotor disk (5) of the cutting rotor (2) has a disk (7) and is connected to the shaft (3), characterized in that to reduce the bearing load transmitted by the shafts (3)

   a) the disk (7) is equipped as a wear disk so that its circumference corresponds to that of the cutting rotor (2); it runs in a bushing in the partition (1.3) bordering the size reduction space and runs against an outer spacer ring (4.1) of the opposing shaft (3), so that the axial forces acting on the shaft (3) are reduced, and

   b) the respective cutting tooth (6) has size reduction edges (6.3) which are designed with a stepwise offset and partial faces (6.5) of the front tooth flank (6.1) with the effect that the cutting tooth (6) executes a stepwise size reduction which exposes the hard material portions to a strong notching effect that leads to breakage while on the other hand it also cuts soft materials in the actual sense to relieve the load on the bearings of the shafts (3) through this size reduction process in which the forces are optimized.
2. A rotor shears according to claim 1, characterized in that to reduce wear, load on the shaft and the bearings and to improve the size reduction process of at least one shaft (3), at least one supporting and stripping device (8) is provided so that with a functionally independent supporting part (8.1), it includes the shaft (3) or the spacer ring (4) in a sector (3.1) between bottom dead center and a horizontal line of symmetry, and with a stripping part (8.2) that is functionally independent of the supporting part (8.1) in the area of the bottom dead center of the shaft (3) or the spacer ring (4).
3. A rotor shears according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the wear disk (7) is connected to the shaft (3) in a form-fitting manner.
4. A rotor shears according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the wear disk (7) is connected to the shaft (3) in a frictionally activated manner.
5. A rotor shears according to one of claims 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the wear disk (7) is mounted on the shaft (3) in by means of a thread.
6. A rotor shears according to one of claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the wear disk (7) is a collar-like or flange-like part of the shaft (3).
7. A rotor shears according to one of claims 1 through 7, characterized in that two outer wear disks (7) are provided for one shaft (3) and each runs against corresponding outer spacer rings (4.1) on the opposing shaft (3) with or without play.
8. A rotor shears according to one of claims 1 through 7, characterized in that the size reduction edges (Figure 4a, 6.3) and partial faces (6.5) of the front tooth flank (6.1) are designed with a stepwise offset.
9. A rotor shears according to one of claims 1 through 7, characterized in that the size reduction edges (Figure 2 and Figure 4b, 6.3) and partial faces (Figure 2, 6.5) of the frpnt tooth flank (6.1) are designed with a stepwise offset that is approximately parallel to the end face (6.6) with an inclined partial face (Figure 2 and Figure 4b, 6.3) between them.
10. A rotor shears according to one of claims 1 through 7, characterized in that the size reduction edges (Figure 4c, 6.3) and partial faces (6.5) of the front tooth flank (6.1) are designed with a convex shape for a predominantly crushing effect.
11. A rotor shears according to one of claims 1 through 7, characterized in that the size reduction edges (Figure 4d, 6.3) and partial faces (6.5) of the front tooth flank (6.1) are designed with a concave, approximately wedge shape for a predominantly cutting effect.
12. A rotor shears according to one of claims 1 through 7 and 8 through 11, characterized in that a plurality of cutting teeth (6) with the same or different designs of the size reduction edges (6.3) and partial faces (6.5) are provided on a rotor disk (5).
13. A rotor shears according to one of claims 1 through 7 and 8 through 11, characterized in that at least two rotor disks (Figure 4e, 5) are combined into one structural unit.
14. A rotor shears according to one of claims 1 through 7 and 13, characterized by cutting teeth (6) which are offset in the circumferential direction.
15. A rotor shears according to one of claims 1 through 7 as well as one or more of claims 8, 9, 12, 13, 14, characterized in that the angles (Figures 4a, b and e, 6.7) between the partial faces (6.5) of the front tooth flank (6.1) and end face (6.6) amount to exactly or approximately 90°.
16. A rotor shears according to one of claims 1 through 7 as well as one or more of claims 8, 9, 12, 13, 14, 15, characterized in that after wear occurs on the outer size reduction edges (6.2, 6.3), the rotor disks (Figure 4e, 5) which are assembled into one structural unit can be reassembled with the end faces (6.6) of the worn outer size reduction edges (6.2, 6.3).
17. A rotor shears according to claim 2, characterized in that the supporting and stripping device (8) is designed as one structural unit with functional separation of the supporting part (8.1) and the stripping part (8.2).
18. A rotor shears according to claim 2, characterized in that the supporting part (8.1) is arranged centrally with respect to the length of the shaft (3).
19. A rotor shears according to claim 2, characterized in that the supporting part (8.1) is provided repeatedly for the shaft (3) or the spacer rings (4) based on the length of the shaft (3).
20. A rotor shears according to one of claims 2 or 7 through 9, characterized in that an antifriction layer is provided between the supporting part (8.1) and the shaft (3) or the spacer ring (4).
21. A rotor shears according to claim 20, characterized in that an antifriction coating is applied to the supporting part (8.1).
22. A rotor shears according to claim 2, characterized in that the stripper part (8.2) is arranged centrally with respect to the length of the shaft (3).
23. A rotor shears according to claim 2, characterized in that the stripping part (8.2) is provided repeatedly for the shaft (3) or the spacer rings (4) based on the length of the shaft (3).
24. A rotor shears according to one of claims 2, 22 or 23, characterized in that the stripper part (8.2) is not loaded with horizontal sagging of the shaft (3) and when there is wear on the supporting part (8.1) its functioning is not impaired.
25. A rotor shears according to one of claims 2 as well as 22 through 24, characterized in that the stripper part (8.2) is adjustable with respect to the shaft (3) and the spacer rings (4).
26. A rotor shears according to one of claims 2 as well as 22 through 25, characterized in that the stripper part (8.2) is supported against a spring (not shown).
27. A rotor shears according to one of claims 2 as well as 22 through 25, characterized in that the stripper part (8.2) is designed as a resilient part.
28. A rotor shears according to claim 2 or 7, characterized in that the supporting/stripper device (8) is recessed between the supporting part (8.1) and the stripping part (8.2) with respect to the shaft (3) or the spacer ring (4).
29. A rotor shears according to claim 2 or 28, characterized in that the recess is replaced by bevels on both sides with a ridge line running across the axis of the shaft.
30. A rotor shears according to one of claims 2 and 17 through 29, characterized by an additional stripper part (8.3) in the area of top dead center of the shaft (3) or the spacer rings (4) for reversing operation.
31. A rotor shears according to claim 30, characterized in that the stripper part (8.3) is designed like a rack.
32. A rotor shears according to one of claims 2 and 17 through 31, characterized in that the supporting/stripper device (8) and/or parts thereof are supported in the housing (1).

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