EP0768445B1 - Rolling closure device with fixed shaft, counterbalance spring and latching mechanism - Google Patents

Abstract

The roller door or grille is designed to roll up round a shaft (1) set horizontally above the doorway when raised. It is equipped with a balancing spring to take the weight of the door/grille. A safety mechanism prevents it from falling in the event of the balancing spring breaking. The safety mechanism is positioned between the shaft and the balancing spring. A spring-loaded catch (60) flies outwards if the balancing spring breaks, engaging with a horizontal member of the door/grille and preventing it from dropping suddenly. The catch is held in its passive position by a retaining peg (63) on a moving hub (53). It is also connected to the hub by a spring (65). In the event of the balancing spring breaking the hub, it is moved by the spring (65), releasing the catch so that it instantly stops the door/grille.

Description

The present invention relates to a winding closure device comprising a curtain composed of juxtaposed slats, a fixed axis whose ends are mounted in a dormant frame, at least one coil provided with at least one spring balancing spiral whose outer end is integrally coupled to said coil, this coil being mounted on the fixed axis and being integral with at least one blade upper of said curtain around which it is wound, this closing device comprising a mechanical locking device arranged to stop the fall of the curtain in case of breakage of the balancing spring or of the fixing of this spring.

The invention relates more particularly to metal curtains with winding garages, storefronts, industrial or other buildings, grids winding of shop windows or other premises, blinds, flexible doors and all other similar closures for winding over a bay.

Curtains, blinds, grilles or other roller shutters are traditionally balanced by one or more spiral springs of the spring type barrel. These springs consist of a metal blade of rectangular section wound flat in a spiral. After being wrapped around an axis, this blade is placed in a metal box called coil, drum, barrel, pie chart or spring box.

These spiral springs have the function of restoring the energy stored under the forms a couple thanks to an angular deformation of several turns. Energy thus stored during the descent of the curtain of the closure is restored during its opening.

These closures are generally not protected in the event of a fault, impact or wear of the balancing system, for example in the event of rupture of the spiral spring, which makes them dangerous for the user. The rupture of the spiral spring can cause the curtain to drop rapidly, representing a mass of up to several tens and even several hundred kilograms, this mass being located above the user or the public in the case of a storefront grille store for example.

There are known "centrifugal type" fall arrest systems capable of detecting a overspeed of the curtain, but unable to detect the rupture of a single spring. These devices are used on generally motorized closings with central axes turning points.

We also know a security device described in American patent US-A-2 878 865 applied to the motorized drive device of the rotating axis of a roll closure. This safety device uses the principle of offset angle between two parts to cause the rotating axis to stop in the event of breakage of the transmission chain. In the event of a spring break balancing, the curtain can start to fall and only after this movement the curtain is stopped by said device.

Belgian patent BE-A-388 602 describes another safety device intended for a shutter rolling and consisting of a ratchet brake arranged to brake the descent of the flap and prevent it from falling if the shutter control breaks. This device is stressed in friction each time the shutter is lowered and can only be used for low charges.

Consequently, there is currently no known device capable of detecting the rupture of at least one of the balancing springs in the closings with central axes fixed, that is to say in which the coil which supports the curtain and encloses the spring balancing is rotating around a fixed axis.

1) La norme NF P 25362 du mois d'octobre 1992 : spécifications techniques et règles de sécurité s'appliquant aux fermetures pour baies libres et portails. Cette norme exige au paragraphe 10.1 que : "Les fermetures à effacement vertical doivent comporter un dispositif de retenue, non sollicité en fonctionnement normal, empêchant la chute du rideau dans le cas de rupture d'un ressort de compensation".

2) Le décret n° 92-333 du 31 mars 1992 (J.O. du 01.04.1992) précise également à l'article R 232-1-2 que : "Les portes et portails s'ouvrant vers le haut doivent être munis d'un système de sécurité les empêchant de retomber".

3) L'arrêté du Ministère du Travail du 21 décembre 1993 (J.O. du 13.01.1994) exige pour les portes et portails des installations existantes ou nouvelles aux articles 2 et 5 que : "La porte ou le portail doit rester solidaire de son support".

The main object of the present invention is to improve the security of roll-up closures in order to meet the requirements of the standards and decrees in force concerning closures for free bays both in France and abroad and in particular as regards the France :

1) Standard NF P 25362 of October 1992: technical specifications and safety rules applying to closings for free bays and gates. This standard requires in paragraph 10.1 that: "Vertical blanking closures must include a retaining device, not stressed during normal operation, preventing the curtain from falling in the event of a compensating spring breaking".

2) Decree No. 92-333 of March 31, 1992 (OJ of April 1, 1992) also specifies in article R 232-1-2 that: "Doors and gates opening upwards must be fitted with a safety system preventing them from falling back. "

3) The decree of the Ministry of Labor of December 21, 1993 (OJ of January 13, 1994) requires for doors and gates of existing or new installations in articles 2 and 5 that: "The door or the gate must remain integral with its support ".

More particularly, the invention relates to a closure device according to the preamble of claim 1.

This locking device, object of the invention, is intended to equip the various closures mentioned in the preamble, at the time of their manufacture, as well as equip existing closings in situ, as part of upgrades required by the decrees and decrees cited above.

These aims are achieved by a closure device as defined in the preamble and characterized in that the locking device is placed between the fixed axis and the spring balancing, the inner end of the spring being integral with this device lock, which is arranged to positively couple the coil to the fixed axis, in the event rupture of the balancing spring, after an angular displacement α defined between the locking device and the fixed axis, this movement being controlled by an element of reminder mounted between said locking device and said fixed axis.

The basic principle of the invention therefore consists in creating a game or offset in rotation by an angle α, so as to allow the displacement of the locking device by relative to the fixed axis when tensioning the balancing spring. This displacement in rotation is used in the event of breakage or failure of balancing by example in case of rupture of said spring. This displacement, obtained thanks to an element recall, activates the locking device to block in rotation of the curtain drive coil relative to the fixed central axis so as to immobilize the whole. This move can also be used to trigger a electrical contact in order to stop a possible motorization.

According to a first embodiment of the invention, the locking device is provided outside the coil and has a cylindrical sheath coaxial with the fixed axis and arranged to be able to move relative to said axis over an angular sector defined and substantially equal to the angle α, this sheath being arranged to carry the coil, the inner end of the spiral spring being integral with the sheath, said sheath carrying a movable blocking element arranged to cooperate with a stop device integral with said coil.

In this first embodiment, the locking device comprises a drive element of said blocking element, this drive element being fixed to a connecting piece integral with said fixed axis, said connecting piece being coupled to the sheath by said return element.

Advantageously, the movable blocking element is carried by a disc integral with said sleeve, the locking element and the disc overlapping at least partially and communicating with said drive element through openings respectively formed in the locking element and the disc.

Preferably, the opening provided in the disc has the shape of an arc of a circle centered on the fixed axis and extends over an angular sector substantially equal to said angle α in which said drive element moving carrying with it l 'blocking element between two stable angular positions, a passive position in which the blocking element is not engaged with the stop device and authorizes the rotation of the coil and the driving of the curtain of the closure, and an active position in which the blocking element is engaged with the stop device and immobilizes the coil and said curtain.

The locking element advantageously comprises a pawl, but may comprise any other suitable part and the stopper has a ratchet wheel, but may also include any other appropriate part.

In this embodiment of the invention, the return element comprises a spring eccentric relative to said drive finger and the ends of which are connected to the disc and to the connecting piece, this spring being arranged to balance said position passive in normal operation and to activate said active position in case anomaly.

In a second embodiment, the locking device is provided for inside the coil and has a central hub partially surrounding the axis fixed, this hub being made up of two parts, a first fixed part called the hub fixed integral with the fixed axis and a second movable part called a movable hub integral with the inner end of the balancing spring, the movable hub being arranged to be able to move relative to the fixed hub of an angular sector substantially equal to the angle α, one of the hubs carrying a movable blocking element arranged to cooperate with a stop device integral with the coil.

Preferably, the movable blocking element consists of a pawl mounted pivotally about an axis A on a side of the fixed hub, the axis A being parallel to the fixed axis, this pawl being arranged to extend beyond the fixed hub, the front of the pawl being intended to cooperate with the reel stop device and the rear of the pawl being coupled with the callback element.

In this second embodiment, the locking device comprises a pawl retaining finger, this retaining finger being provided on the movable hub and arranged to engage in a corresponding housing provided in the front part of the pawl, the rear part of the pawl being coupled to the movable hub by said element reminder.

The movable hub is advantageously separated from the fixed hub by an angular play substantially equal to the angle α defining two stable positions of the movable hub, a passive position in which the pawl is held by the retaining finger, allowing the rotation of the coil and the movement of the curtain, and an active position in which the pawl is released from the retaining finger, is pivoted by the return element and engages in the reel stop device, immobilizing the reel and the curtain.

Preferably, the fixed and mobile hubs have on their faces in look of complementary shapes arranged to guide the movable hub in rotation relative to the fixed hub.

In this variant embodiment, the reel stop device is advantageously constituted by the housing of this coil, which has two walls parallel sides assembled by transverse bars distributed on the periphery of the spool and arranged to serve as a stop for the pawl.

The return element may include a spring eccentric with respect to the finger retained and whose ends are connected to the movable hub and to the rear part of the pawl, this spring being arranged to balance said passive position by normal operation and to activate said active position in the event of an anomaly.

The winding closure device according to the invention may include a device release provided on at least one end of the fixed axis and arranged to authorize the manual unwinding of the curtain after actuation of the locking.

In this case, the unlocking device comprises at least one section sleeve non-circular, mounted at the end of the fixed axis and at least one support mounted in the dormant frame, this support comprising two housings placed side by side, open towards the top and communicating with each other, a first housing of complementary section to that of the sleeve corresponding to the normal position of the fixed axis in operation, and a second circular section housing corresponding to the unlocked position of the fixed axis.

This unlocking device can be completed by a member for closing said housing, this member being removable and arranged to allow clearance complete of the fixed axis.

• la figure 1 est une vue schématique d'un dispositif de fermeture à enroulement selon l'invention,
• la figure 2 est une vue partielle en perspective d'une première forme de réalisation du dispositif de l'invention, montrant le dispositif de verrouillage en position active,
• la figure 3 est une vue en coupe axiale du dispositif de la figure 2,
• la figure 4 est une vue de côté du dispositif de la figure 3 illustrant plus particulièrement la pièce solidaire de l'axe fixe, le disque supportant le cliquet et le ressort de rappel,
• la figure 5 est une vue de côté du dispositif de la figure 3 détaillant le cliquet, la roue à rochet et le microcontact électrique,
• la figure 6 est une vue en perspective d'une seconde forme de réalisation du dispositif de l'invention,
• la figure 7 est une vue de côté du dispositif de la figure 6 en position passive,
• la figure 8 est une vue de côté du dispositif de la figure 6 en position active,
• la figure 9 est une vue suivant l'axe longitudinal du dispositif de la figure 6,
• la figure 10 est une vue en perspective du dispositif de verrouillage en position normale, et
• la figure 11 est une vue en perspective du dispositif de la figure 10 en position déverrouillée.

The present invention and its advantages will appear better in the following description of several non-limiting exemplary embodiments, with reference to the appended drawings, in which:

• FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a winding closure device according to the invention,
• FIG. 2 is a partial perspective view of a first embodiment of the device of the invention, showing the locking device in the active position,
• FIG. 3 is a view in axial section of the device of FIG. 2,
• FIG. 4 is a side view of the device of FIG. 3 illustrating more particularly the part secured to the fixed axis, the disc supporting the pawl and the return spring,
• FIG. 5 is a side view of the device in FIG. 3 detailing the pawl, the ratchet wheel and the electrical microswitch,
• FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a second embodiment of the device of the invention,
• FIG. 7 is a side view of the device of FIG. 6 in the passive position,
• FIG. 8 is a side view of the device of FIG. 6 in the active position,
• FIG. 9 is a view along the longitudinal axis of the device of FIG. 6,
• FIG. 10 is a perspective view of the locking device in the normal position, and
• Figure 11 is a perspective view of the device of Figure 10 in the unlocked position.

Referring to Figure 1, the winding closure device 10 according to the invention, partially illustrated, comprises a fixed central axis 1 on which are mounted at least two coils 2, only one of which is shown. Each coil 2 is fitted with a spiral balancing spring. The closing device 10 comprises a curtain 4 composed of blades 5 juxtaposed and winding around the coils 2. The curtain 4 is integrally coupled to the coils 2 by at least its blade superior by means of bolts, welding or any other suitable means. The axis fixed 1 is mounted at its two ends 1 ′ in a standing frame 6 so as to be blocked in rotation. The number of coils 2 distributed on the fixed axis 1 is a function of weight and dimensions of the curtain 4 of the closure. Each coil 2 is equipped with a locking device 50. For clarity, the figures and description only take into account a single coil and a single locking.

Figures 2 to 5 illustrate a first embodiment of the device lock 20 of the invention, provided on the outside of the coil 2. It comprises a sheath 21 coaxial with the fixed axis 1 on which the coil 2 is mounted. This sheath 21 is present in the form of a tubular part made in one or two parts for facilitate assembly. It is equipped with a star 22 to fix the inner end of the balancing spring 3, the outer end of the spring 3 being fixed on the face inside of coil 2 by a screw or a star 23.

A set of through holes 24 is provided on the coil 2, the fixed axis 1 and the sheath 21 so as to overlap. This set of holes allows to immobilize in rotation of the three elements using a movable pin not shown in order to allow the pretension of the spring 3 in the factory.

Coil 2 can be fitted with ball or needle bearings (not shown) on the two bearings in rotation on the sleeve 21, this in order to avoid wear premature of the bearings and to facilitate the opening and closing operations of said curtain 4.

The sheath 21 is provided at one end with a lumen 25 which extends over an angle α and receives a pin or a bolt 26, said pin being integral with the fixed axis 1. The diameter of the light 25 is slightly greater than the diameter of the pin 26 of so as to allow easy rotation of the sleeve 21 on the fixed axis 1.

The other end of the sheath 21 is equipped with a disc 27 made integral with the sheath by welding or by any other suitable fixing means. Disc 27 is provided with at least one hole 28 for fixing at least one pawl 30 with a screw 29 and has on its periphery two stops 31 intended to serve as a stop for the ratchet 30 in active position (Figure 5).

A window 32, in the form of a circular arc centered on the fixed axis 1, is provided in the disc 27 to allow the passage of a drive finger 33 which serves to activate the pawl 30 through a window 30 'depending on the state of the spring balancing 3. One or more fixing points 34 of a return spring 35 can also be arranged on said disc 27 in the form of an axis, a screw or any other suitable means.

A sleeve 36 is made integral with the fixed axis 1 by means of a pin 37, a bolt or any other suitable fixing means. This sleeve 36 is integral of a connecting piece 38 fixed by welding or by another similar means. The room link 38 is equipped with the drive finger 33 intended to actuate the pawl 30. Two holes 39 are provided in the connecting piece 38 to allow the fixing of the return spring 35 according to the left or right arrangement. One or more springs 35 are in permanent tension between the connecting piece 38 secured to the axis fixed 1 and the disc 27 secured to the inner end of the balancing spring 3 and supporting the pawl 30.

A ratchet wheel 40 is made integral with the reel 2 by means of bolts 41, rivets, solders or any other suitable means. It is preferably designed in two half-pieces identical so that it can be mounted on coil 2 without dismantling the axle fixed 1. This ratchet wheel 40 is provided with notches 42, teeth, notches, holes or other roughness around its periphery so as to present stops during active positioning of the pawl 30, in order to allow rapid immobilization and efficient coil 2.

A microswitch or limit switch 92 can be provided on the disc 27. The microswitch can be actuated by the pawl 30 or by any other part displacement. It is used to provide electrical information intended for a possible motorization of the closure in order to stop any movement in the event of failure of the balancing system or accidental activation of the device lock.

The pawl 30 can have different shapes depending on the types of spring 35, of finger drive 33, ratchet wheel 40 or according to the desired operation. The triggering of this ratchet 30 can also be caused by different systems under the action of the displacement of the sleeve 21 relative to the fixed axis 1.

For a question of ease of assembly, the choice of the type of spring fell on a tension spring, but this spring can be replaced by any other spring or means appropriate equivalent.

The operation of this first embodiment of the device according to the invention is detailed below.

In this embodiment, the conventional balancing system of the closure devices winding is modified by the fact that the coil 2 containing the balancing spring to spiral 3 is not mounted directly on the fixed axis 1 but on an intermediate piece here called sheath 21. The seal 22 normally attached to the fixed axis 1 is here integral with the sleeve 21 so as to allow the free rotation of the sleeve 21 on the axis fixed 1. The balancing spring 3 is therefore in tension with respect to the sheath 21 and not more with respect to the fixed axis 1 as on closing devices not equipped with a locking device. The blades 5 of the curtain 4 are fixed on the coils 2 of a traditional way.

Under the effect of the rotation of the coil 2 in the direction of the force F, rotation caused by the descent of the curtain 4, the spiral balancing spring 3 stores energy symbolized by the force R which is then restored during the raising of the curtain 4. The tensioning the spiral spring 3 also has the effect of causing rotation of the sleeve 21 relative to the fixed axis 1. This rotation extends over the controlled angle α by the deflection of the pin 26 in the slot 25 provided in the sleeve 21.

The rotation of said sleeve 21 causes the rotation of the disc 27 and the tensioning the return spring 35. The rotation of the disc 27 generates, by means of the finger 33 fixed drive, the release of the pawl 30 of the notches 42 of the wheel ratchet 40, thus allowing the free rotation of the coil 2 relative to the fixed axis 1 and thereby authorizing the use of the closure device 10.

The movement of the pawl 30 also restores the electrical contact of the microswitch 92 and thus allows the use of the possible motorization of the closure which controls the rotation of the coils 2.

It is easy to understand that a break in the balancing spring 3 or one of its fasteners 22 or 23 causes the force R on the coil 2 to be canceled while, simultaneously, the return spring 35 relaxes and causes the rotation of the sheath 21 by the rotation of the disc 27.

The drive finger 33 provided on the part 38 secured to the fixed axis 1 changes position in the opening 32 provided for this purpose. This movement causes the pawl 30 which is housed in one of the notches 42 of the ratchet wheel 40 thus causing almost immediate stopping of the coil 2 and the fall of the curtain 4 of the closure. The active position of the pawl 30 is shown in dotted lines in FIG. 5. The stroke of the pawl 30 is controlled by the stop 31. The movement of the pawl 30 causes also immediate shutdown of the motorization via the microswitch electric 92.

Figures 6 to 9 illustrate a second embodiment of the device locking device 50 of the invention, provided inside the coil 2. It comprises a hub central 51 coaxial with the fixed axis 1 and partially surrounding it. This hub 51 is made up of two parts, a first fixed 52 called fixed hub and a second mobile 53 called a moving hub. The fixed hub 52 is integrally coupled to the fixed axis 1 by at minus a screw 54 or by any other appropriate means. It is made up of a sector cylindrical extending at an angle less than 90 °. The movable hub 53 is free in rotation on the fixed axis 1 and is formed by a cylindrical sector extending over an angle greater than 180 ° in order to be maintained around said axis 1. The two hubs 52, 53 are separated by an angular clearance equal to an angle α defined by the remaining angular sector free on 360 °. The hubs 52, 53 have shapes on their opposite faces complementary arranged to guide the movable hub 53 relative to the fixed hub 52. The complementary shapes illustrated in FIG. 9 include a groove 52 ' on the fixed hub 52 and a rail 53 'on the movable hub 53, but are not limiting.

Coil 2 can be fitted with ball or needle bearings (not shown) on the two bearings in rotation on the fixed axis 1, this in order to avoid premature wear bearings and to facilitate the opening and closing operations of the curtain 4. This coil 2 is formed of a housing consisting of two parallel side walls 7 connected by bars 8 distributed on the outer perimeter of this coil.

The inner end of the balancing spring 3 is fixed to the movable hub 53 by at minus a star 55 or by any other appropriate means, the outer end of the spring 3 being fixed on one of the bars 8 to the hub of a star 9, a screw or any other means of attachment.

The fixed hub 52 carries on one of its flanks a pawl 60 pivoting about an axis A defined by a fixing screw 61 parallel to the fixed axis 1. This pawl 60 is constituted of a crescent-shaped sheet extending beyond the fixed hub 52, by a front part intended to cooperate with the reel 2 stop device and by a rear part coupled to a return spring 65.

The movable hub 53 carries on one of its flanks a retaining finger 63 in the form of corner and arranged to engage in a corresponding housing 64 provided in the part front of the pawl 60. This retaining finger 63 maintains the pawl 60 in the passive position.

The movable hub 53 is coupled to one end of the return spring 65 in a fixing hole 66, the other end being fixed in a corresponding hole 67 provided in the rear part of the pawl 60. The movable hub 53 has two ears 68 parallel in extension of its sides and arranged to guide the spring balancing 3, in particular in the event of a break to isolate it from the locking device 50. The fixing hole 66 is provided in the corresponding ear 68.

The coil 2 stop device consists of the housing of this coil 2 and in particular by the transverse bars 8, which makes it possible to simplify considerably the entire locking device, thereby reducing costs.

For a question of ease of assembly, the choice of the type of spring fell on a tension spring, but this spring can be replaced by any other spring or means appropriate equivalent.

The operation of this second embodiment of the device according to the invention is detailed below.

In this second embodiment, the conventional balancing system of the winding closure is modified by the fact that the coil 2 containing the spring balancing machine 3 is fitted with the locking device 50. The seal 55 normally attached to the fixed axis 1 is here attached to the movable hub 53 so as to allow the free rotation of this hub on the fixed axis 1. The balancing spring 3 is therefore in tension with respect to the movable hub 53 and no longer with respect to the fixed axis 1 like before. The blades 5 of the curtain 4 are as in the previous case fixed on the coils 2 in a traditional way.

Under the effect of the rotation of the coil 2 in the direction of the force F, rotation caused by the descent of the curtain 4, the spiral balancing spring 3 stores energy symbolized by the force R which is then restored during the raising of the curtain 4. The tensioning the spiral spring 3 also has the effect of causing rotation of the movable hub 53 relative to the fixed axis 1. This rotation extends over the angle α controlled by the angular play existing between the movable hub 53 and the fixed hub 52.

The rotation of the movable hub 53 causes the return spring 65 to be tensioned and generates, by the introduction of the retaining finger 63 in the housing 64, the release of the pawl 60 of the bar 8, thus allowing the free rotation of the coil 2 relative to the fixed axis 1 and thereby authorizing the use of the device closure 10.

It is easy to understand that a break in the balancing spring 3 or one of its fasteners 55 or 9 causes the force R on the coil 2 to be canceled while, simultaneously, the return spring 65 relaxes and causes the hub to rotate mobile 53.

The retaining finger 63 secured to the movable hub 53 emerges from the housing 64 releasing the pawl 60 which, under the effect of the return spring 65, pivots and is housed between two strips 8 of the coil 2, thus causing the almost immediate stopping of the coil 2 and the fall of the curtain 4 of the closure.

The stroke of the pawl 60 is controlled by its rear part which abuts against the fixed axis 1.

In this variant, provision may be made to associate an electric microswitch in order to detect the triggering of the locking device.

This second variant has been specially designed to equip the rolling closure devices ex works. Indeed, the integration of a locking device inside the balancing coils requires the use of new coils compared to traditionally used coils. this implies of course a considerable reduction in the cost price of the locking given the reduction in the number of parts generated.

Figures 10 and 11 illustrate an unlocking device 70 provided with at least one end of the fixed axis 1 and arranged to allow intervention on the device closing 10 after incident. Indeed, after actuation of the locking device 20 or 50, it is impossible to unroll the curtain 4 since the coils 3 are blocked in rotation. This unlocking device 70 makes it possible to authorize the unfolding of the curtain 4 despite this blockage.

It comprises a sleeve 71 of non-circular section provided at the end of the fixed axis 1 and a support 72 made of sheet metal mounted in the standing frame. This support 72 has two housings 73, 74 placed side by side, open upwards and communicating with each other. The first housing 73 has a non-circular section complementary to that of the sleeve 71 and corresponds to the normal operating position of the fixed axis 1. From fact that the sections are not circular, this axis 1 is locked in rotation. The second housing 74, preferably located in front of the first, has a section circular and corresponds to the unlocked position of the fixed axis 1. If the fixed axis 1 is placed in this second housing 74, the sleeve 71 can rotate and it is then possible unwind the curtain 4 by rotating the axis 1.

This unlocking device 70 also includes a closing member 75 for housing 73, 74, located above them and removable to be able to exit completely the fixed axis 1 of the support 72.

The present invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiments described in the drawings. In particular, the locking device can be adapted to any type of roll-up closure like, for example, roller shutters.

Claims (17)

1. Winding closing device (10) comprising a curtain (4) comprised of five juxtaposed blades (5), a fixed shaft (1) the ends of which are mounted in a door or window jamb, at least one coil (2) provided with at least one spiral discharging spring (3) the exterior end of which is connected securely to said coil, this coil being mounted on the fixed shaft and being securely fixed to at least one upper blade (5) of said curtain (4) which it winds around, this closing device comprising a mechanical locking device (20, 50) designed to stop the curtain (4) falling in the event of the discharging spring (3) or this spring's fixing device fracturing, characterised in that the locking device (20, 50) is located between the fixed shaft (1) and the discharging spring (3), the interior end of the spring (3) being securely fixed to the locking device (20, 50), which is designed to positively connect the coil (2) to the fixed shaft (1), in the event of the discharging spring fracturing, after an angular displacement ∝ defined between the locking device (20, 50) and the fixed shaft (1), this displacement being controlled by a return movement element (35, 65) mounted between said locking device (20, 50) and said fixed shaft (1).
2. Device according to claim 1, characterised in that the locking device (20) is provided outside the coil (2) and comprises a cylindrical sleeve (21) which is coaxial to the fixed shaft (1) and designed to be able to move in relation to said shaft over an angular sector which is defined and substantially equal to the angle ∝, this sleeve (21) being designed to bear the coil (2), the interior end of the spiral spring (3) being securely fixed to the sleeve (21) and in that said sleeve (21) bears a mobile blocking element (30) designed to co-operate with the stopping device (40) securely fixed to said coil (2).
3. Device according to claim 2, characterised in that the locking device (20) comprises an element for driving (33) said blocking element (30), this drive element being fixed to a linking piece (38) securely fixed to said fixed shaft (1) and in that said linking piece (38) is connected to the sleeve (21) by said return movement element (35).
4. Device according to claim 3, characterised in that the mobile blocking element (30) is borne by a disk (27) securely fixed to said sleeve (21) and in that the blocking element (30) and the disk (27) are superposed at least partially and communicate with said drive element (33) through openings (30', 32) arranged respectively in the blocking element (30) and the disk (27).
5. Device according to claim 4, characterised in that the opening (32) provided in the disk (27) presents an arc of a circle shape centred on the fixed shaft (1) and extends over an angular sector substantially equal to said angle ∝ in which said drive element (33) moves, driving with it the blocking element (30) between two steady angular positions, a passive position in which the blocking element (30) is not in attack with the stopping device (40) and allows the coil to rotate and the closing device curtain to be driven, and an active position in which the blocking element (30) is in attack with the closing device (40) and immobilises the coil (2) of said curtain (4).
6. Device according to claim 2, characterised in that the blocking element comprises a pawl (30) and the stopping device comprises a ratchet wheel (40).
7. Device according to claim 2, characterised in that the return movement element comprises a spring (35) which is out of centre in relation to the drive finger (33) and whose ends are connected to the disk (27) and to the linking piece (38), this spring being designed to balance said passive position when operating normally and to activate said active position in the case of an anomaly.
8. Device according to claim 1, characterised in that the locking device (50) is provided inside the coil (2) and comprises a central hub (51) partially surrounding the fixed shaft (1), the hub being made up of two parts, a first fixed part called the fixed hub (52) securely fixed to the fixed shaft (1) and a second mobile part called mobile hub (53) securely fixed to the interior end of the discharging spring (3), the mobile hub (53) being designed to be able to move in relation to the fixed hub (52) with an angular sector substantially equal to the angle ∝, one of the hubs bearing a mobile blocking element (60) designed to co-operate with a stopping device (8) securely fixed to the coil (2).
9. Device according to claim 8, characterised in that the mobile blocking element is made up of a pawl (60) mounted to pivot round an axis A on one side of the fixed hub (52), the A-axis being parallel to the fixed shaft (1), this pawl being designed to extend beyond the fixed hub, the front of the pawl being designed to co-operate with the device (8) for stopping the coil and the rear of the pawl being connected to the return movement element (65).
10. Device according to claim 9, characterised in that the locking device (50) comprises a finger (63) for retaining the pawl (60), this retaining finger being provided on the mobile hub (53) and designed to engage a corresponding housing (64) provided in the front of the pawl (60), the rear of the pawl being connected to the mobile hub (53) by said return movement element (65).
11. Device according to claim 10, characterised in that the mobile hub (53) is separated from the fixed hub (52) by an angular clearance substantially equal to the angle ∝ defining two steady positions of the mobile hub, a passive position in which the pawl (60) is held by the retaining finger (63), allowing the coil (2) to rotate and the curtain (4) to move, and an active position in which the pawl (60) is released from the retaining finger (63), is pivoted by the return movement element (65) and engages the device (8) for stopping the coil, immobilising the coil (2) and the curtain (4).
12. Device according to claim 8, characterised in that the fixed hub (52) and mobile hub (53) have complementary forms (52', 53') on their opposite sides designed to guide the mobile hub (53) in rotation in relation to the fixed hub (52).
13. Device according to claim 9, characterised in that the device for stopping the coil (2) is made up of this coil's box which has two parallel side walls (7) assembled by means of transversal small bars (8) spread out at the periphery of the coil (2) and designed to be used as a crash stop for the pawl (60).
14. Device according to claim 9, characterised in that the return movement element comprises a spring (65) which is out of centre in relation to the retaining finger (63) and whose ends are connected to the mobile hub (53) and to the rear of the pawl (60), this spring being designed to balance said passive position in normal operating mode and to activate said active position in the event of an anomaly.
15. Device according to claim 1, characterised in that it comprises an unlocking device (70) provided on at least one of the ends of the fixed shaft (1) and designed to allow the curtain (4) to be unwound manually after activating the locking device (20, 50).
16. Device according to claim 15, characterised in that the unlocking device (70) comprises at least one sleeve (71) with a non-circular section, mounted at the end of the fixed shaft (1) and at least one support (72) mounted in the door or window jamb bearing said closing device, this support comprising two housings (73, 74) located side by side, opening upwards and communicating with each other, a first housing (73) with a section which matches that of the sleeve (71) corresponding to the normal position of the fixed shaft (1) when operating, and a second housing (74) with a circular section corresponding to the unlocked position of the fixed shaft (1).
17. Device according to claim 16, characterised in that the unlocking device (70) comprises a device (75) for closing said housings (73, 74), this device being removable and designed to allow the fixed shaft (1) to be fully released.

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