EP0767006B1 - Method and apparatus for feeding powder to a powder spraying device - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for feeding powder to a powder spraying device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0767006B1
EP0767006B1 EP96115512A EP96115512A EP0767006B1 EP 0767006 B1 EP0767006 B1 EP 0767006B1 EP 96115512 A EP96115512 A EP 96115512A EP 96115512 A EP96115512 A EP 96115512A EP 0767006 B1 EP0767006 B1 EP 0767006B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
powder
chamber
nozzle
air
outlet
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP96115512A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0767006A1 (en
Inventor
Gunter Dr. Börner
Hans-Christopher Dr.Rer.Nat. Nienburg
Helmut Prof. Dr. Böhme
Jörg Dr.rer.nat. Sopka
Wolfgang Prof. Dr. Kleber
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ABB Research Ltd Switzerland
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ABB Research Ltd Switzerland
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B5/00—Electrostatic spraying apparatus; Spraying apparatus with means for charging the spray electrically; Apparatus for spraying liquids or other fluent materials by other electric means
    • B05B5/025—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns
    • B05B5/03—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns characterised by the use of gas, e.g. electrostatically assisted pneumatic spraying
    • B05B5/032—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns characterised by the use of gas, e.g. electrostatically assisted pneumatic spraying for spraying particulate materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B1/00—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
    • B05B1/14—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means with multiple outlet openings; with strainers in or outside the outlet opening
    • B05B1/16—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means with multiple outlet openings; with strainers in or outside the outlet opening having selectively- effective outlets
    • B05B1/1627—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means with multiple outlet openings; with strainers in or outside the outlet opening having selectively- effective outlets with a selecting mechanism comprising a gate valve, a sliding valve or a cock
    • B05B1/1636—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means with multiple outlet openings; with strainers in or outside the outlet opening having selectively- effective outlets with a selecting mechanism comprising a gate valve, a sliding valve or a cock by relative rotative movement of the valve elements
    • B05B1/1645—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means with multiple outlet openings; with strainers in or outside the outlet opening having selectively- effective outlets with a selecting mechanism comprising a gate valve, a sliding valve or a cock by relative rotative movement of the valve elements the outlets being rotated during selection
    • B05B1/1654—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means with multiple outlet openings; with strainers in or outside the outlet opening having selectively- effective outlets with a selecting mechanism comprising a gate valve, a sliding valve or a cock by relative rotative movement of the valve elements the outlets being rotated during selection about an axis parallel to the liquid passage in the stationary valve element
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B5/00—Electrostatic spraying apparatus; Spraying apparatus with means for charging the spray electrically; Apparatus for spraying liquids or other fluent materials by other electric means
    • B05B5/025—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns
    • B05B5/04—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns characterised by having rotary outlet or deflecting elements, i.e. spraying being also effected by centrifugal forces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B5/00—Electrostatic spraying apparatus; Spraying apparatus with means for charging the spray electrically; Apparatus for spraying liquids or other fluent materials by other electric means
    • B05B5/16—Arrangements for supplying liquids or other fluent material
    • B05B5/1691—Apparatus to be carried on or by a person or with a container fixed to the discharge device
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/14—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas designed for spraying particulate materials
    • B05B7/1404—Arrangements for supplying particulate material
    • B05B7/1413—Apparatus to be carried on or by a person, e.g. by hand; Apparatus comprising a container fixed to the discharge device
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B5/00—Electrostatic spraying apparatus; Spraying apparatus with means for charging the spray electrically; Apparatus for spraying liquids or other fluent materials by other electric means
    • B05B5/16—Arrangements for supplying liquids or other fluent material
    • B05B5/1683—Arrangements for supplying liquids or other fluent material specially adapted for particulate materials

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for spraying a fluidized powder according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the invention also relates to a facility for performing the method.
  • Such a method and an associated device are known from US-A-5 018 910 known.
  • a closed powder container with a porous fluid base as input to a mixing chamber in which a gas jet is used to counter pressure drop directed to the powder container to increase the removable Amount of powder is generated.
  • the powder container is a two-chamber device, whereby the fludged powder is removed from the mixing chamber above the fluid floor fed and forwarded from there to a coating arrangement.
  • a corresponding method and an associated device are also from the DE-A 12 34 802 and are known for example for electrostatic painting used.
  • the known device for powder spraying has a first Chamber into which an additional compressed air is introduced, which via a frit (a Pore septum) enters a second chamber.
  • the second chamber becomes an in Air-floating powder is fed via a line and with that from the frit escaping and countercurrent additional compressed air swirled further.
  • a electrical charging of the powder particles emerging from the second chamber takes place with the help of electrodes arranged in the area of a powder / air outlet opening and connected to a high voltage generator and an electrostatic Form field.
  • the known device still worked with a third supply line that guides air and in the powder / air outlet area improves the powder / air output.
  • the powder / air outlet is always open; the spraying process is controlled via a control or regulation of the flow rates in air and the Air / powder mixture.
  • the invention has for its object a method and a device for Specify powder spraying, with which a high, easily controllable ejection rate can be achieved and the powder jet can be targeted.
  • powder is in a closed container fluidized and a powder cloud emerges with relatively no air.
  • the powder leak rate can advantageously be determined by regulating easily measurable air pressures become. No level measurements are required. During the on or There is no loss of powder when switching off.
  • Fig. 1 shows a powder spray device 1, which essentially consists of a closed Container 2 with a first chamber 3 and a second chamber 4 consists.
  • a compressed air supply line 5 In the first chamber 3 opens a compressed air supply line 5. Compressed air 7 passes through a Frit 6 in the second chamber 4.
  • powder 8 In the second chamber 4 there is powder 8 which can be filled through a powder feed opening 9.
  • the air 7, which is passed through the frit 6 and fluidizes the powder 8, can through an air outlet opening 10 on the container 2 above the fluidized powder bed 8 exit again.
  • the fluidized powder 8 is removed from the area of the fluid bed through a pipe 25 and by a laterally arranged on the container 2 and with a Closing device 13 closable nozzle 11 led out.
  • needles are arranged as corona electrodes 14 are connected to a high voltage source, not shown, and the one Charge the emerging powder particles.
  • the shape of the emerging powder cloud 15 can be increased by the nozzle 11 and additional Impact bodies 16, 22 (see also FIGS. 10 to 14) can be determined.
  • the shape and arrangement the electrodes 14 can be adapted to it.
  • the air supply can be influenced and using a flow meter 18 to measure the air supply rate become.
  • the outlet opening 10 for fluidizing air is through a controllable outlet valve 19 completed, with which a defined flow resistance can be set is.
  • the air pressure p 1 in the first chamber 3 and the air pressure p 4 above the powder bed 8 can be regulated via the valves 17 and 19 with the aid of a control and regulating device, not shown.
  • the pressures p 1 and p 4 are measured using suitable pressure sensors.
  • the ambient air pressure is denoted by p 0 .
  • p 2 With p 2 the air pressure above the frit 6 and thus immediately below the fluidized powder bed is designated.
  • the pressure drop p 1 -p 2 depends on the selected frit 6 and must be taken into account when dimensioning.
  • P 3 denotes the pressure inside the container 2 at the powder outlet opening 11, which can be adjusted by regulating the pressures p 1 and p 4 .
  • the powder output rate can be set and controlled very well. There are high output rates in the range of 100 g / min to 1000 g / min can be achieved.
  • the control behavior The setup is very good because fluidization and spraying in one Set up. Since there is no fluidization chamber 4 and nozzle 11 Hose connection, there are no fluctuations when switching on and off in powder output and no powder loss.
  • the fluidization can advantageously be operated near the loosening point; then the air / powder ratio of the sprayed powder is minimal. Besides, is this ensures a high level of uniformity of powder output.
  • the shape of the powder cloud 15 is u. a. by the shape of the nozzle 11 and the powder outlet area 12 can be influenced.
  • 2 shows a possible design of the nozzle 11 and the exit area 12 with dimensions given by way of example in millimeters specified.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 show sections of the powder spraying device 1, the nozzle 11 shown in FIG. 2 with the closing device 13 in the open or closed position is shown.
  • FIG. 5 shows a top view of a typical cylindrical container 2 with an emerging powder cloud 15 shown.
  • the nozzle 11 and the outlet area accordingly 12 can also achieve a different configuration of the powder cloud 15 as shown in FIG. 6.
  • Fig. 7 it is shown that the design of the Container 2 can be adapted to a desired shape of the cloud 15.
  • FIGS. 8 and 9 A simple possibility for nozzle design is shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, wherein an aperture 20 with different nozzle openings 21 is shown.
  • a particularly broad and even powder cloud can also be created using a Impactor (deflector) can be achieved, which - as shown in FIGS. 10 and 11 schematically is shown - also designed as an impact body 22 rotating about an axis 23 can be.
  • An associated drive device 24, including ball bearings 31 and drive belt 32 for the rotating impact body 22 is in the drawing merely hinted at. 10 and 11 is a different design of the Powder outlet area 12 shown. In Fig. 11 is still around the baffle 22 Cover 33 placed so that a rotating gap is formed, through which the shape of the powder cloud can be influenced additionally.
  • Figures 12 to 14 show further options for designing the powder outlet area.
  • Fig. 12 shows an arrangement in which both a rotating impact body 22 and rotating high voltage electrodes 14 are present.
  • the rotatable arrangement the components 22, 14 is indicated by the ball bearing 31 and the drive belt 32.
  • FIG. 13 shows an arrangement of, for example, a ring-shaped earth electrode 26 in Area between the wall of the container 2 and the impact body 22.
  • To the earth electrode 26 at least a portion of the ion stream flows, causing the powder stream to cross and improved charging is achieved.
  • the high voltage electrodes 14 are attached to the rotating impact body 22 in this case. With this arrangement at least part of the ion current flows from the high voltage electrode to the earth electrode and the powder particles are forced to cross this ion current, which will result in better charging.

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  • Nozzles (AREA)
  • Electrostatic Spraying Apparatus (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Of Micro-Capsules (AREA)

Abstract

The method has the fluidisation occurring in a twin chambered device (2), the first chamber (3 )receiving the compressed air that then passes through a "frit" to the second chamber(4). The powder in the second chamber leaves the device from the nozzle (11) and is charged up. The powder is filled through the hole (9) which can be closed off. Apart from the nozzle and the air inlet and outlet valves (17,19), the fluidisation takes place in a closed chamber, the valves being used to maintain the correct pressure proportions. Additional mechanical energy is passed to the fluidised bed of the second chamber in the form of vibration.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren zum Sprühen eines fluidisierten Pulvers nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1. Außerdem bezieht sich die Erfindung auf eine Einrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens.The invention relates to a method for spraying a fluidized powder according to the preamble of claim 1. The invention also relates to a facility for performing the method.

Ein solches Verfahren und eine zugehörige Einrichtung sind aus der US-A-5 018 910 bekannt. Dort dient ein geschlossener Pulverbehälter mit porösem Fluidboden als Eingabe zu einer Mischkammer, in der mittels eines Gasstrahlers ein gegen den Pulverbehälter gerichtetes Druckgefälle zur Erhöhung der entnehmbaren Pulvermenge erzeugt wird. Der Pulverbehälter ist eine Zweikammereinrichtung, wobei oberhalb des Fluidbodens das fludisierte Pulver entnommen, der Mischkammer zugeführt und von dort zu einer Beschichtungsanordnung weitergeleitet wird.Such a method and an associated device are known from US-A-5 018 910 known. There is a closed powder container with a porous fluid base as input to a mixing chamber in which a gas jet is used to counter pressure drop directed to the powder container to increase the removable Amount of powder is generated. The powder container is a two-chamber device, whereby the fludged powder is removed from the mixing chamber above the fluid floor fed and forwarded from there to a coating arrangement.

Ein entsprechendes Verfahren und eine zugehörige Einrichtung sind auch aus der DE-A 12 34 802 bekannt und werden beispielsweise zur elektrostatischen Lackierung verwendet. Die bekannte Einrichtung zum Pulversprühen weist eine erste Kammer auf, in die eine Zusatz-Druckluft eingeleitet wird, die über eine Fritte (eine Porenscheidewand) in eine zweite Kammer eintritt. Der zweiten Kammer wird ein in Luft schwebendes Pulver über eine Leitung zugeführt und mit der aus der Fritte austretenden und in Gegenstrom geführten Zusatz-Druckluft weiter verwirbelt. Eine elektrische Aufladung der aus der zweiten Kammer austretenden Pulverpartikel erfolgt mit Hilfe von Elektroden, die im Bereich einer Pulver/Luft-Austrittsöffnung angeordnet und mit einem Hochspannungsgenerator verbunden sind und die ein elektrostatisches Feld bilden. Gemäß einer Ausgestaltung wird bei der bekannten Einrichtung noch mit einer dritten Zuleitung gearbeitet, die Luft führt und im Pulver/Luft-Austrittsbereich verbessernd auf die Pulver/Luftausgabe wirkt. Die Pulver/Luft-Austrittsstelle ist ständig geöffnet; eine Steuerung des Sprühvorgangs erfolgt über eine Steuerung oder Regelung der Fördermengen an Luft und der Luft/Pulvermischung.A corresponding method and an associated device are also from the DE-A 12 34 802 and are known for example for electrostatic painting used. The known device for powder spraying has a first Chamber into which an additional compressed air is introduced, which via a frit (a Pore septum) enters a second chamber. The second chamber becomes an in Air-floating powder is fed via a line and with that from the frit escaping and countercurrent additional compressed air swirled further. A electrical charging of the powder particles emerging from the second chamber takes place with the help of electrodes arranged in the area of a powder / air outlet opening and connected to a high voltage generator and an electrostatic Form field. According to one embodiment, the known device still worked with a third supply line that guides air and in the powder / air outlet area improves the powder / air output. The powder / air outlet is always open; the spraying process is controlled via a control or regulation of the flow rates in air and the Air / powder mixture.

Andere Einrichtungen zum Pulversprühen, die jedoch nicht mit einer Zweikammeranordnung der vorbeschriebenen Art arbeiten, sind aus den Druckschriften DE-C1 35 29 703 und EP-A1-05 74 305 bekannt. Die aus der EP-A1-05 74 305 bekannte Einrichtung enthält im Luft/Pulver-Austrittsbereich einen rotierenden Prallkörper zur Verbesserung der Pulververteilung.Other powder spraying devices, but not with a two-chamber arrangement work of the type described above are from the publications DE-C1 35 29 703 and EP-A1-05 74 305 known. The known from EP-A1-05 74 305 The device contains a rotating impact body in the air / powder outlet area Improve powder distribution.

Allen vorgenannten Verfahren und Einrichtungen ist gemeinsam, daß mit einer relativ großen Luftmenge zum Fördern und zum Sprühen des Pulvers gearbeitet wird und die Pulverausstoßrate, die Pulverstrahlausrichtbarkeit sowie Regelbarkeit des Pulverausstoßes unbefriedigend sind.All of the aforementioned methods and devices have in common that with a relative large amount of air for conveying and spraying the powder and the powder ejection rate, powder jet orientability and controllability of the Powder emissions are unsatisfactory.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren und eine Einrichtung zum Pulversprühen anzugeben, womit eine hohe gut regelbare Ausstoßrate erzielbar ist und der Pulverstrahl gezielt ausgerichtet werden kann.The invention has for its object a method and a device for Specify powder spraying, with which a high, easily controllable ejection rate can be achieved and the powder jet can be targeted.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch ein Verfahren zum Pulversprühen nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 durch dessen kennzeichnende Merkmale gelöst. Eine zur Durchführung des Verfahrens geeignete Einrichtung und vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen sind in weiteren Ansprüchen angegeben und der nachstehend anhand der in den Zeichnungsfiguren dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiele zu entnehmen.This task is accomplished by a method for powder spraying according to the generic term of claim 1 solved by its characterizing features. One to carry out of the method are suitable device and advantageous embodiments specified in further claims and the following based on that in the drawing figures shown embodiments.

Beim erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren wird Pulver in einem geschlossenen Behälter fluidisiert und es tritt eine Pulverwolke mit relativ keinem Luftanteil aus. Die Pulveraustrittsrate kann vorteilhaft durch Regelung von gut meßbaren Luftdrücken bestimmt werden. Es sind keine Füllstandsmessungen erforderlich. Während des Ein-oder Ausschaltvorgangs treten keine Pulververluste auf.In the method according to the invention, powder is in a closed container fluidized and a powder cloud emerges with relatively no air. The powder leak rate can advantageously be determined by regulating easily measurable air pressures become. No level measurements are required. During the on or There is no loss of powder when switching off.

Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
Pulversprüheinrichtung,
Fig. 2
Pulveraustrittsdüse,
Fig. 3
Ausschnitt aus einer Sprüheinrichtung mit geöffneter Düse,
Fig. 4
Ausschnitt aus einer Sprüheinrichtung mit geschlossener Düse,
Fig. 5 bis 7
Formen von Pulverwolken,
Fig. 8 und 9
Sprüheinrichtung mit alternativer Düsengestaltung,
Fig. 10 und 11
Sprüheinrichtung mit rotierendem Prallkörper,
Fig. 12
Sprüheinrichtung mit rotierendem Prallkörper und rotierenden Elektroden und
Fig. 13
Anordnung mit ringförmiger Elektrode.
Show it:
Fig. 1
Powder spraying device,
Fig. 2
Powder outlet nozzle,
Fig. 3
Detail from a spray device with an open nozzle,
Fig. 4
Detail from a spray device with a closed nozzle,
5 to 7
Shapes of powder clouds,
8 and 9
Spraying device with alternative nozzle design,
10 and 11
Spraying device with rotating impact body,
Fig. 12
Spraying device with rotating impact body and rotating electrodes and
Fig. 13
Arrangement with an annular electrode.

Fig. 1 zeigt eine Pulversprüheinrichtung 1, die im wesentlichen aus einem geschlossenen Behälter 2 mit einer ersten Kammer 3 und einer zweiten Kammer 4 besteht. In die erste Kammer 3 mündet eine Druckluftzuleitung 5. Druckluft 7 gelangt durch eine Fritte 6 in die zweite Kammer 4. In der zweiten Kammer 4 befindet sich Pulver 8, das durch eine Pulverzufuhröffnung 9 einfüllbar ist.Fig. 1 shows a powder spray device 1, which essentially consists of a closed Container 2 with a first chamber 3 and a second chamber 4 consists. In the first chamber 3 opens a compressed air supply line 5. Compressed air 7 passes through a Frit 6 in the second chamber 4. In the second chamber 4 there is powder 8 which can be filled through a powder feed opening 9.

Die Luft 7, die durch die Fritte 6 in das Pulver 8 geleitet wird und dieses fluidisiert, kann durch eine Luftaustrittsöffnung 10 am Behälter 2 oberhalb des fluidisierten Pulverbetts 8 wieder austreten.The air 7, which is passed through the frit 6 and fluidizes the powder 8, can through an air outlet opening 10 on the container 2 above the fluidized powder bed 8 exit again.

Das fluidisierte Pulver 8 wird durch ein Rohr 25 aus dem Bereich des Fluidbetts entnommen und durch eine seitlich am Behälter 2 angeordnete und mit einer Schließeinrichtung 13 verschließbare Düse 11 herausgeführt.The fluidized powder 8 is removed from the area of the fluid bed through a pipe 25 and by a laterally arranged on the container 2 and with a Closing device 13 closable nozzle 11 led out.

Im Pulveraustrittsbereich 12 sind Nadeln als Korona-Elektroden 14 angeordnet, die mit einer nicht dargestellten Hochspannungsquelle verbunden sind und die eine Aufladung der austretenden Pulverpartikel bewirken.In the powder exit area 12, needles are arranged as corona electrodes 14 are connected to a high voltage source, not shown, and the one Charge the emerging powder particles.

Die Form der austretenden Pulverwolke 15 kann durch die Düse 11 und zusätzliche Prallkörper 16, 22 (siehe auch Fig. 10 bis 14) bestimmt werden. Die Form und Anordnung der Elektroden 14 kann daran angepaßt werden.The shape of the emerging powder cloud 15 can be increased by the nozzle 11 and additional Impact bodies 16, 22 (see also FIGS. 10 to 14) can be determined. The shape and arrangement the electrodes 14 can be adapted to it.

Mit Hilfe eines steuerbaren Lufteintrittventils 17 kann die Luftzufuhr beeinflußt werden und mit Hilfe eines Durchflußmengenmessers 18 die Luftzufuhrrate gemessen werden. Die Austrittsöffnung 10 für Fluidisierungsluft ist durch ein steuerbares Austrittsventil 19 abgeschlossen, womit ein definierter Strömungswiderstand einstellbar ist.With the help of a controllable air inlet valve 17, the air supply can be influenced and using a flow meter 18 to measure the air supply rate become. The outlet opening 10 for fluidizing air is through a controllable outlet valve 19 completed, with which a defined flow resistance can be set is.

Der Luftdruck p1 in der ersten Kammer 3, sowie der Luftdruck p4 oberhalb vom Pulverbett 8 können über die Ventile 17 und 19 mit Hilfe einer nicht dargestellten Steuer-und Regeleinrichtung geregelt werden. Hierbei werden die Drücke p1 und p4 mit geeigneten Drucksensoren gemessen. Mit p0 ist der Umgebungsluftdruck bezeichnet. Mit p2 ist der Luftdruck oberhalb der Fritte 6 und damit unmittelbar unterhalb des fluidisierten Pulverbetts bezeichnet. Der Druckabfall p1-p2 ist abhängig von der gewählten Fritte 6 und ist bei der Dimensionierung zu berücksichtigen.The air pressure p 1 in the first chamber 3 and the air pressure p 4 above the powder bed 8 can be regulated via the valves 17 and 19 with the aid of a control and regulating device, not shown. The pressures p 1 and p 4 are measured using suitable pressure sensors. The ambient air pressure is denoted by p 0 . With p 2 the air pressure above the frit 6 and thus immediately below the fluidized powder bed is designated. The pressure drop p 1 -p 2 depends on the selected frit 6 and must be taken into account when dimensioning.

Mit p3 ist der Druck innerhalb des Behälters 2 an der Pulveraustrittsöffnung 11 bezeichnet, der durch Regelung der Drücke p1 und p4 einstellbar ist. P 3 denotes the pressure inside the container 2 at the powder outlet opening 11, which can be adjusted by regulating the pressures p 1 and p 4 .

Die Menge des ausströmenden Pulvers und die Geschwindigkeit der Partikel beim Austritt wird durch den Differenzdruck Δp = p3 - p0 , durch die Gestalt der Düse 11, d.h. durch deren Strömungswiderstand, von den Parametern des Pulvers, sowie vom Fluidisierungszustand bestimmt.The amount of powder flowing out and the speed of the particles as they exit is determined by the differential pressure Δp = p 3rd - p 0 , determined by the shape of the nozzle 11, ie by its flow resistance, by the parameters of the powder, and by the fluidization state.

Da an den Wänden der Kammer, z.B. durch Blasen verursachte Unregelmäßigkeiten bei der Fluidisierung nicht zu vermeiden sind, wird durch ein an der Düse 11 angebrachtes Rohr 25 das Pulver aus dem Inneren der Kammer 4 abgegriffen. Damit ist eine hohe Gleichmäßigkeit des Pulverausstoßes gewährleistet.Since on the walls of the chamber, e.g. irregularities caused by bubbles are not to be avoided in the fluidization, is attached to the nozzle 11 Pipe 25 tapped the powder from inside the chamber 4. So that is ensures a high uniformity of the powder output.

Da lediglich Drücke und eine Luftdurchflußrate zu messen und zu regeln sind (keine Füllstände), läßt sich die Pulverausstoßrate sehr gut einstellen und regeln. Es sind hohe Ausstoßraten im Bereich 100 g/min bis 1000 g/min realisierbar. Das Regelverhalten der Einrichtung ist sehr gut, da Fluidisierung und Sprühen in einer einzigen Einrichtung erfolgen. Da sich zwischen Fluidisierungskammer 4 und Düse 11 keine Schlauchverbindung befindet, treten beim Ein- und Ausschalten keine Schwankungen im Pulverausstoß und keine Pulververluste auf.Since only pressures and an air flow rate need to be measured and controlled (none Levels), the powder output rate can be set and controlled very well. There are high output rates in the range of 100 g / min to 1000 g / min can be achieved. The control behavior The setup is very good because fluidization and spraying in one Set up. Since there is no fluidization chamber 4 and nozzle 11 Hose connection, there are no fluctuations when switching on and off in powder output and no powder loss.

Die Fluidisierung kann vorteilhaft nahe des Lockerungspunktes betrieben werden; dann ist das Luft/Pulververhältnis des gesprühten Pulvers minimal. Außerdem ist dadurch eine hohe Gleichmäßigkeit des Pulverausstoßes gewährleistet.The fluidization can advantageously be operated near the loosening point; then the air / powder ratio of the sprayed powder is minimal. Besides, is this ensures a high level of uniformity of powder output.

Die Form der Pulverwolke 15 ist u. a. durch die Form der Düse 11 und des Pulveraustrittsbereiches 12 beeinflußbar. In Fig. 2 ist eine mögliche Gestaltung der Düse 11 und des Austrittsbereichs 12 mit beispielhaft angegebenen Maßen in Millimetern angegeben. Die Figuren 3 und 4 zeigen Ausschnitte der Pulversprüheinrichtung 1, wobei die in Fig. 2 gezeigte Düse 11 mit Schließeinrichtung 13 in geöffneter bzw. geschlossener Stellung dargestellt ist.The shape of the powder cloud 15 is u. a. by the shape of the nozzle 11 and the powder outlet area 12 can be influenced. 2 shows a possible design of the nozzle 11 and the exit area 12 with dimensions given by way of example in millimeters specified. FIGS. 3 and 4 show sections of the powder spraying device 1, the nozzle 11 shown in FIG. 2 with the closing device 13 in the open or closed position is shown.

In Fig. 5 ist in Draufsicht ein typischer zylindrischer Behälter 2 mit austretender Pulverwolke 15 dargestellt. Durch entsprechende Gestaltung von Düse 11 und Austrittsbereich 12 kann aber auch eine andere Gestaltung der Pulverwolke 15 erzielt werden, wie in Fig. 6 gezeigt ist. In Fig. 7 wird gezeigt, daß auch die Gestaltung des Behälters 2 an eine angestrebte Form der Wolke 15 angepaßt werden kann.5 shows a top view of a typical cylindrical container 2 with an emerging powder cloud 15 shown. By designing the nozzle 11 and the outlet area accordingly 12 can also achieve a different configuration of the powder cloud 15 as shown in FIG. 6. In Fig. 7 it is shown that the design of the Container 2 can be adapted to a desired shape of the cloud 15.

Eine einfache Möglichkeit zur Düsengestaltung ist in den Fig. 8 und 9 gezeigt, wobei eine Blende 20 mit unterschiedlichen Düsenöffnungen 21 dargestellt ist. A simple possibility for nozzle design is shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, wherein an aperture 20 with different nozzle openings 21 is shown.

Eine besonders breite und gleichmäßige Pulverwolke kann auch mit Hilfe eines Prallkörpers (Deflektors) erzielt werden, der - wie anhand der Fig. 10 und 11 schematisch gezeigt wird - auch als um eine Achse 23 rotierender Prallkörper 22 ausgeführt werden kann. Eine zugehörige Antriebseinrichtung 24, einschließlich Kugellager 31 und Antriebsriemen 32 für den rotierenden Prallkörper 22 ist in der Zeichnung lediglich angedeutet. In den Fig. 10 und 11 ist eine unterschiedliche Gestaltung des Pulveraustrittsbereichs 12 dargestellt. In Fig. 11 ist um den Prallkörper 22 noch ein Mantel 33 gelegt, so daß ein rotierender Spalt entsteht, durch den die Form der Pulverwolke noch zusätzlich beeinflußt werden kann.A particularly broad and even powder cloud can also be created using a Impactor (deflector) can be achieved, which - as shown in FIGS. 10 and 11 schematically is shown - also designed as an impact body 22 rotating about an axis 23 can be. An associated drive device 24, including ball bearings 31 and drive belt 32 for the rotating impact body 22 is in the drawing merely hinted at. 10 and 11 is a different design of the Powder outlet area 12 shown. In Fig. 11 is still around the baffle 22 Cover 33 placed so that a rotating gap is formed, through which the shape of the powder cloud can be influenced additionally.

Die Sprüheinrichtung 1 gemäß Fig. 1 kann so betrieben werden, daß Pulver 8 eingefüllt wird und dann die Einfüllöffnung 9 geschlossen wird. Das Pulver kann anschließend gesprüht werden, bis ein minimaler Pulverstand, der im Bereich der Düse 11 liegt, erreicht ist.1 can be operated so that powder 8 is filled and then the filling opening 9 is closed. The powder can then be sprayed until a minimum powder level in the area of the nozzle 11 is reached.

Die Figuren 12 bis 14 zeigen weitere Möglichkeiten zur Gestaltung des Pulveraustrittsbereiches.Figures 12 to 14 show further options for designing the powder outlet area.

Fig. 12 zeigt eine Anordnung, bei der sowohl ein rotierender Prallkörper 22, als auch rotierende Hochspannungselektroden 14 vorhanden sind. Die drehbare Anordnung der Komponenten 22, 14 ist angedeutet durch das Kugellager 31 und den Antriebsriemen 32.Fig. 12 shows an arrangement in which both a rotating impact body 22 and rotating high voltage electrodes 14 are present. The rotatable arrangement the components 22, 14 is indicated by the ball bearing 31 and the drive belt 32.

Außerdem zeigt Fig. 12 einen Zusatzluft-Kanal 30, über den Zusatzluft 28 zuführbar ist, die durch Luftdüsen 27 im Pulveraustrittsbereich 12 austreten kann. Mit der Zusatzluft 28 kann eine zusätzliche Beschleunigung der Pulverteilchen und Formung der Pulverwolke erzielt werden.12 also shows an additional air duct 30 via which additional air 28 can be supplied which can exit through air nozzles 27 in the powder outlet area 12. With the additional air 28 can cause additional acceleration of the powder particles and molding the powder cloud can be achieved.

Fig. 13 zeigt eine Anordnung einer beispielsweise ringförmigen Erdelektrode 26 im Bereich zwischen der Wand des Behälters 2 und dem Prallkörper 22. Zur Erdelektrode 26 fließt wenigstens ein Teil des Ionenstroms, wodurch der Pulverstrom gekreuzt und eine verbesserte Aufladung erreicht wird. Die Hochspannungselektroden 14 sind in diesem Fall am rotierenden Prallkörper 22 angebracht. Bei dieser Anordnung fließt zumindest ein Teil des Ionenstroms von der Hochspannungselektrode zur Erdelektrode und die Pulverteilchen sind gezwungen diesen Ionenstrom zu kreuzen, wodurch eine bessere Aufladung erreicht wird.13 shows an arrangement of, for example, a ring-shaped earth electrode 26 in Area between the wall of the container 2 and the impact body 22. To the earth electrode 26 at least a portion of the ion stream flows, causing the powder stream to cross and improved charging is achieved. The high voltage electrodes 14 are attached to the rotating impact body 22 in this case. With this arrangement at least part of the ion current flows from the high voltage electrode to the earth electrode and the powder particles are forced to cross this ion current, which will result in better charging.

Claims (8)

  1. Method for spraying a fluidized powder (8),
    a) the fluidization taking place in a two-chamber device (2) into whose first chamber (3) compressed air (7) is introduced, said air being fed to the second chamber (4) via a frit (6),
    b) the fluidized powder (8) emerging from the two-chamber device (2) and is subsequently electrically charged,
    c) powder (8) being fed into the second chamber (4) via a closable powder feed opening (9),
    d) the fluidization of the powder of the chamber (4) taking place within a vessel (2) which is closed with the exception of a nozzle (11) and of air inlet and air outlet lines (5, 10), and
    e) the fluidized powder (8) being removed from the vicinity of the fluid bed and being fed to the nozzle (11), characterized in that
    f) the pressure conditions in the chambers (3, 4) being regulated by regulating the position of air inlet and outlet valves (17, 19), and the pressure at the powder outlet opening of the nozzle (11) thus being adjusted.
  2. Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that mechanical energy is additionally fed to the fluid bed in the second chamber (4) by stirring or vibration, in order to avoid relatively large air bubbles forming, rising and reaching the nozzle (11).
  3. Device for carrying out the method according to Claim 1 or 2,
    a) a two-chamber device (2), into whose first chamber (3) compressed air (7) can be fed, being provided,
    b) a frit (6), via which air (7) from the first chamber (3) can reach the second chamber (4), being arranged between the first chamber (3) and the second chamber (4), and
    c) high voltage electrodes (14) for charging being arranged at the powder outlet point,
    d) the two-chamber device being designed as an enclosed vessel (2) which has a closable powder feed opening (9),
    e) it being possible to fill powder into the second chamber (4) via the closable powder feed opening (9) and to fluidize it there by feeding in air from the first chamber (3) in a fluid bed, and
    f) means (25) being provided in order to remove fluidized powder (8) from the vicinity of the fluid bed and to feed it to a powder outlet nozzle (11) which can be closed using means (13), characterized in that
    g) a means of regulating the feeding in and removal of compressed air from the chambers (3, 4) being provided, and the powder outlet nozzle (11) being arranged on the vessel (2).
  4. Device according to Claim 3, characterized in that a deflector (16, 22), which can also be designed so as to be rotatable with the aid of a drive device (24) is arranged in a powder outlet region (12) of the nozzle (11).
  5. Device according to one of Claims 3 or 4, characterized in that high voltage electrodes (14) which are provided for electrostatic charging are arranged on a rotating disc (29) in order to achieve particularly uniform charging at the perimeter of a cloud (15) of powder.
  6. Device according to Claim 5, characterized in that an annular earthing electrode (26) is arranged behind the rotating high voltage electrodes (14), that is to say in a region between the outer wall of the vessel (2) and the high voltage electrodes (14), to which earthing electrode (26) at least part of the ion stream flows and thus intersects the powder stream, and improved charging is achieved.
  7. Device according to one of Claims 3 to 6, characterized in that the fluidized powder (8) is removed from the fluid bed with the aid of a pipe (25) which directs the fluidized powder (8) to the nozzle (11) and prevents relatively large air bubbles which rise on the housing wall reaching the nozzle (11).
  8. Device according to one of Claims 3 to 7, characterized in that air nozzles (27) via which additional air (28) can emerge and additionally accelerate the powder particles and additionally shape the cloud (15) of powder open into the powder inlet region (12).
EP96115512A 1995-10-05 1996-09-27 Method and apparatus for feeding powder to a powder spraying device Expired - Lifetime EP0767006B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19537089 1995-10-05
DE19537089A DE19537089A1 (en) 1995-10-05 1995-10-05 Method and device for powder spraying

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EP0767006A1 EP0767006A1 (en) 1997-04-09
EP0767006B1 true EP0767006B1 (en) 1999-04-21

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US (1) US5839669A (en)
EP (1) EP0767006B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH09248494A (en)
KR (1) KR970020204A (en)
AT (1) ATE179096T1 (en)
DE (2) DE19537089A1 (en)
DK (1) DK0767006T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2133871T3 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0767006A1 (en) 1997-04-09
ATE179096T1 (en) 1999-05-15
US5839669A (en) 1998-11-24
KR970020204A (en) 1997-05-28
JPH09248494A (en) 1997-09-22
DE19537089A1 (en) 1997-04-10
DE59601699D1 (en) 1999-05-27
DK0767006T3 (en) 1999-11-01
ES2133871T3 (en) 1999-09-16

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