EP0765702A1 - Immersion nozzle for introducing liquid metal into a continuous casting mould - Google Patents
Immersion nozzle for introducing liquid metal into a continuous casting mould Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0765702A1 EP0765702A1 EP96401849A EP96401849A EP0765702A1 EP 0765702 A1 EP0765702 A1 EP 0765702A1 EP 96401849 A EP96401849 A EP 96401849A EP 96401849 A EP96401849 A EP 96401849A EP 0765702 A1 EP0765702 A1 EP 0765702A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- nozzle
- metal
- obstacle
- liquid metal
- perforations
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 title 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000007937 lozenge Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000010603 pastilles Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 210000002816 gill Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 3
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005381 potential energy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/10—Supplying or treating molten metal
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/06—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into moulds with travelling walls, e.g. with rolls, plates, belts, caterpillars
- B22D11/0637—Accessories therefor
- B22D11/064—Accessories therefor for supplying molten metal
- B22D11/0642—Nozzles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
- B22D41/50—Pouring-nozzles
- B22D41/502—Connection arrangements; Sealing means therefor
Definitions
- the invention relates to the continuous casting of metals, in particular steel. More specifically, it relates to the tubes of refractory material called "nozzles" which, usually, are connected by their upper end to the container serving as a reservoir of liquid metal, and whose lower end plunges into the bath of liquid metal contained in the mold. where the solidification of the metal product should begin.
- nozzles tubes of refractory material which, usually, are connected by their upper end to the container serving as a reservoir of liquid metal, and whose lower end plunges into the bath of liquid metal contained in the mold. where the solidification of the metal product should begin.
- the primary role of these nozzles is to protect the jet of liquid metal on its path between the container and the ingot mold from atmospheric oxidation. They also make it possible, thanks to appropriate configurations of their lower end, to favorably orient the flows of liquid metal in the ingot mold so that the solidification of the product takes place under the best possible conditions.
- the casting can take place in an ingot mold which must give the product a very elongated rectangular section, which usually designates it by the expression "flat product”.
- This is the case when, in the steel industry, steel is poured in the form of slabs, that is to say products having approximately 1 to 2 m in width and a thickness generally of the order of 20 cm, but which can descend up to a few cm on some recent installations called “thin slab casting machines”.
- the ingot mold is composed of fixed walls which are energetically cooled on their face which is not in contact with the metal.
- molds are used, the casting space of which is delimited on its long sides by a pair of internally cooled cylinders with parallel horizontal axes and rotating around these axes in opposite directions, and on its short sides by plates of closure (called side faces) of refractory material applied against the ends of the cylinders.
- the cylinders can also be replaced by cooled endless belts.
- the first part is composed of a cylindrical tube, the upper end of which is connected to an orifice in the bottom of the distributor which constitutes the reserve of liquid steel supplying the ingot mold, an orifice which can be closed at will by the operator, partially or totally, thanks to a stopper or a drawer system ensuring the regulation of the metal flow.
- the cross-section of this orifice depends on the maximum metal flow which can flow inside the nozzle.
- the second part fixed to the lower end of the preceding tube, for example by screwing, is intended to be immersed in the bath of liquid metal present in the ingot mold.
- this hollow element is composed of a hollow element inside which opens the lower orifice of the preceding cylindrical tube.
- the interior space of this hollow element has a generally elongated shape in its terminal part and is oriented substantially perpendicular to the tube.
- the hollow element is placed parallel to the long sides of the ingot mold, and the liquid metal flows into the ingot mold through two orifices made at each end of the elongated end portion of the hollow element, and called "gills".
- the object of the invention is to provide metallurgists with nozzles which ensure conditions for the flow of metal in the ingot mold quieter and more regular than the nozzles usually used during the continuous casting of metallurgical products.
- the subject of the invention is a nozzle for the introduction of a liquid metal into a mold for the continuous casting of metals, of the type comprising a first tubular part, one end of which is intended to be connected to a container containing said liquid metal, and the other end of which opens into a second hollow part, at least a portion of the interior space of which is oriented substantially perpendicular to said first tubular part, said portion comprising at each of its ends at least one orifice intended to open into the casting space of said ingot mold, characterized in that it comprises an obstacle placed on the path of the liquid metal inside said first tubular part or in its extension, said obstacle being constituted by at least one perforated part intended to deflect the metal from its preferential path inside the nozzle.
- said obstacle consists of at least one pellet perforated by a multiplicity of holes.
- said obstacle consists of a hollow part, provided with a bottom, penetrating into the interior space of said second part of the nozzle, said hollow part comprising openings on its side wall.
- the interior space of the entire nozzle has the general shape of a T.
- the invention consists in interposing on the path of the liquid metal an obstacle intended to impede its natural flow, by abruptly deviating this flow from its theoretical preferential trajectory and by locally reducing the section of the space available for the passage of metal.
- This has the effect, at an equal metal flow rate, of limiting the speed of the flow and of improving the filling of the interior space of the nozzle as a whole.
- the erratic variations in the conditions of the flow of the metal out of the nozzle are thus attenuated, and the symmetry of the flows in the right and left halves of the mold and the regularity over time of these flows are notably improved.
- the nozzle 1 is formed, as in the previously cited prior art, of two main parts made of a refractory material such as alumina graphite, which are assembled here to each other by screwing the first into the second.
- the first part comprises a cylindrical or substantially cylindrical tube 2, the interior space 3 of which constitutes the path for the passage of liquid metal.
- This tube 2 is normally intended to be held vertically.
- Its upper part, not shown, is intended to be connected to a container serving as a liquid metal reservoir, such as a continuous casting distributor, at the level of an orifice through which the liquid metal can flow with a flow rate that the operator adjusts by means of a stopper or a drawer device.
- the lower end 4 of the tube 2 has a thread 5 on its outer wall, and this thread 5 makes it possible to assemble it to the second part of the nozzle 1.
- This second part is composed of a hollow element 6 which, in the The example described and shown, has the external shape of an inverted T.
- the interior space 7 of the hollow element 6, also in the shape of an inverted T thus comprises a cylindrical portion 8 extending the interior space 3 of the tube 2.
- the upper region of this cylindrical portion 8 comprises a flare 9 whose wall is threaded, so as to be able to screw the lower end 4 of the tube 2.
- the cylindrical portion 8 opens into a tubular portion 10 which is substantially perpendicular to it, of approximately circular, oval or rectangular section.
- each end of this tubular portion 29 has an orifice 11, 11 ′ called “hearing”, through which the liquid metal can flow out of the nozzle.
- these vents 10, 11 are intended to be kept permanently under the surface of the liquid metal filling the casting space.
- the cylindrical portion 8 of the interior space 7 of the hollow element 6 comprises, inside the flare 9 and under the thread of its wall, a housing 12, in which, prior to the 'assembly of the two parts 2, 6 of the nozzle 1, one can place a stack of three pellets of refractory material: an upper pad 13, an intermediate pad 14 and a bottom pad 15.
- the respective dimensions of the housing 12 and the pads 13 , 14, 15 are chosen so that, after assembly of the nozzle 1, the lower end of the tube 2 abuts against the upper pad 13.
- the upper pad 13 has a certain number of perforations 16, distributed over the portion of its surface intended to be located directly above the interior space 3 of the tube 2.
- the intermediate patch 14 comprises a single perforation 17 of shape, for example, square or circular, d opening at least equal to that of the interior space 3 of the tube 2. Its role is, in fact, that of a spacer used to separate the upper 13 and lower 15 pellets. This also includes a certain number of perforations 18, which can be different in number and in size of the perforations 16 of the upper pad 13. But it is important, for obtaining the desired results, that the perforations 16 and 18 are substantially offset from one another, of so that a fraction as small as possible of the liquid metal has the theoretical possibility of crossing the obstacle constituted by all of the pellets 13, 14, 15 without hitting them. For a better obstacle efficiency, it is also preferable that the upper pellet 13 does not have a perforation in its center, where the probability of the presence of liquid metal is the greatest, so as to slow down the casting jet also as early as possible.
- the total cross-section of the orifices of a given pellet should not be less than the cross-section of the outlet port of the distributor, in order to guarantee that it will always be possible to flow with a maximum metal flow rate as high as 'in the absence of obstacles.
- leakage holes 20 have the usual functions of deflecting part of the metal flows towards the lower part of the mold. This deviation limits the flow rate and the exit speed of the metal at the gills 11, 11 ′ and thus prevents the metal from violently striking the short sides of the ingot mold and disturbing the solidification conditions there. In the case of casting between cylinders, this also makes it possible to avoid excessive deterioration of the refractory side faces.
- these leakage holes 20 ensure a regular supply of hot metal to the lower part of the pouring space, directly above the nozzle 1: here again, this goes in the direction of better control. solidification conditions.
- the pellets must be made of a refractory material such as zirconia, in any case compatible with the nature of the cast metal to prevent them from being attacked chemically by the metal in an excessive manner.
- the obstacle inserted in the nozzle 1 is constituted by a tubular piece 21, provided with a bottom 22 at one of its ends. At its open end, this tubular part 21 has a shoulder 23 which can be inserted into the housing 12 formed in the hollow element 6 and which contained the pellets 13, 14, 15 in the example of implementation of the previous invention.
- the tubular part 21 On its side wall 24, the tubular part 21 has perforations 25, 26, 27 which allow the metal liquid to pass from the interior space 28 of the tubular part 21 to the interior space 7 of the hollow element 6, after having lost a large part of its potential energy.
- these perforations 25, 26, 27 are six in number distributed in three levels over the height of the tubular part 21, and are of approximately oval shape. They preferentially make it possible to orient the liquid metal on the side wall of the cylindrical portion 8 of the interior space 7 of the hollow element 6. In this way, the impact of the metal against this side wall provides energy absorption which is added to that undergone inside the tubular part 21. Likewise, to obtain a residence time of the metal in the nozzle 1 as long and uniform as possible, it is preferable that, as shown, the orientation of these perforations is perpendicular to the orientation of the openings 11, 11 '.
- a tubular piece 21, the interior space 28 of which would be 84 mm long, 30 mm in diameter, perforations 25, 26, 27 of 10 ⁇ 20 mm, would have on the speed and regularity of the flows of metal, an influence substantially comparable to that of the pellets 13, 14, 15 of the obstacle described and shown in FIGS. 1a to 1d, if it were inserted in an identical nozzle 1.
- the invention is not limited in its application to the field of continuous casting of flat steel products (slabs, thin slabs, thin strips), even if it finds a preferred application there. It can be applied to many other examples of continuous casting nozzles of all metals in all formats, for which it is desired to obtain a slowing of the flows providing better filling of the nozzle and, therefore, greater stability of the flows of the metal. liquid coming out.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Continuous Casting (AREA)
- Casting Support Devices, Ladles, And Melt Control Thereby (AREA)
- Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- Nozzles (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
Description
L'invention concerne la coulée continue des métaux, notamment de l'acier. Plus précisément, elle concerne les tubes en matériau réfractaire dits "busettes" qui, habituellement, sont connectés par leur extrémité supérieure au récipient servant de réservoir de métal liquide, et dont l'extrémité inférieure plonge dans le bain de métal liquide contenu dans la lingotière où doit s'amorcer la solidification du produit métallique. Le premier rôle de ces busettes est de protéger de l'oxydation atmosphérique le jet de métal liquide sur son parcours entre le récipient et la lingotière. Elles permettent également, grâce à des configurations appropriées de leur extrémité inférieure, d'orienter favorablement les écoulements du métal liquide dans la lingotière pour que la solidification du produit s'effectue dans les meilleures conditions possibles.The invention relates to the continuous casting of metals, in particular steel. More specifically, it relates to the tubes of refractory material called "nozzles" which, usually, are connected by their upper end to the container serving as a reservoir of liquid metal, and whose lower end plunges into the bath of liquid metal contained in the mold. where the solidification of the metal product should begin. The primary role of these nozzles is to protect the jet of liquid metal on its path between the container and the ingot mold from atmospheric oxidation. They also make it possible, thanks to appropriate configurations of their lower end, to favorably orient the flows of liquid metal in the ingot mold so that the solidification of the product takes place under the best possible conditions.
La coulée peut avoir lieu dans une lingotière devant conférer au produit une section de forme rectangulaire très allongée, qui le fait désigner habituellement par l'expression "produit plat". C'est le cas lorsque, en sidérurgie, on coule l'acier sous forme de brames, c'est à dire de produits ayant environ 1 à 2 m de large et une épaisseur généralement de l'ordre de 20 cm, mais pouvant descendre jusqu'à quelques cm sur certaines installations récentes dites "machines de coulée de brames minces". Dans ces exemples, la lingotière est composée de parois fixes énergiquement refroidies sur leur face qui n'est pas au contact du métal. On expérimente également des installations permettant d'obtenir, directement par solidification du métal liquide, des bandes d'acier de quelques mm d'épaisseur. Pour ce faire, on utilise des lingotières dont l'espace de coulée est délimité sur ses grands côtés par une paire de cylindres refroidis intérieurement à axes horizontaux parallèles et tournant autour de ces axes en sens inverses, et sur ses petits côtés par des plaques de fermeture (appelées faces latérales) en matériau réfractaire appliquées contre les extrémités des cylindres. Les cylindres peuvent également être remplacés par des bandes sans fin refroidies.The casting can take place in an ingot mold which must give the product a very elongated rectangular section, which usually designates it by the expression "flat product". This is the case when, in the steel industry, steel is poured in the form of slabs, that is to say products having approximately 1 to 2 m in width and a thickness generally of the order of 20 cm, but which can descend up to a few cm on some recent installations called "thin slab casting machines". In these examples, the ingot mold is composed of fixed walls which are energetically cooled on their face which is not in contact with the metal. We are also experimenting with installations making it possible to obtain, directly by solidification of the liquid metal, steel strips a few mm thick. To do this, molds are used, the casting space of which is delimited on its long sides by a pair of internally cooled cylinders with parallel horizontal axes and rotating around these axes in opposite directions, and on its short sides by plates of closure (called side faces) of refractory material applied against the ends of the cylinders. The cylinders can also be replaced by cooled endless belts.
Dans ces types de lingotière, on considère qu'il est préférable d'orienter les écoulements du métal liquide de manière privilégiée en direction des petits côtés de l'espace de coulée. On cherche ainsi, notamment, à obtenir une homogénéisation thermique du métal de manière à atténuer les variations de l'épaisseur solidifiée selon le périmètre de la lingotière. Cette homogénéisation thermique et l'agitation du bain liquide qu'elle nécessite sont particulièrement cruciales dans le cas de la coulée de bandes minces, du fait de l'utilisation des faces latérales en réfractaire. En effet, si on n'assurait pas un renouvellement forcé du métal avoisinant ces faces latérales, ce métal se refroidirait de manière anormalement intense, et on verrait apparaître des solidifications de métal indésirables sur les faces latérales.In these types of ingot mold, it is considered that it is preferable to orient the flows of the molten metal in a privileged manner in the direction of the short sides of the casting space. It is thus sought, in particular, to obtain a thermal homogenization of the metal so as to attenuate the variations in the solidified thickness along the perimeter of the mold. This thermal homogenization and the stirring of the liquid bath which it requires are particularly crucial in the case of the casting of thin strips, due to the use of the refractory side faces. Indeed, if we did not ensure a forced renewal of the metal surrounding these side faces, this metal would cool abnormally intense, and we would see undesirable solidifications of metal on the side faces.
Pour obtenir l'homogénéisation désirée, on utilise parfois, notamment en coulée entre cylindres, des busettes en deux parties (voir le document JP-A-60021171). La première partie est composée d'un tube cylindrique dont l'extrémité supérieure est connectée à un orifice pratiqué dans le fond du répartiteur qui constitue la réserve d'acier liquide alimentant la lingotière, orifice qui est obturable à volonté par l'opérateur, partiellement ou totalement, grâce à une quenouille ou un système à tiroir assurant la régulation du débit de métal. De la section de cet orifice dépend le débit maximal de métal qui peut s'écouler à l'intérieur de la busette. La deuxième partie, fixée à l'extrémité inférieure du tube précédent, par exemple par vissage, est destinée à être immergée dans le bain de métal liquide présent dans la lingotière. Elle est composée d'un élément creux à l'intérieur duquel débouche l'orifice inférieur du tube cylindrique précédent. L'espace intérieur de cet élément creux a une forme générale allongée dans sa partie terminale et est orienté sensiblement perpendiculairement au tube. Lorsque la busette est en service, l'élément creux est placé parallèlement aux grands côtés de la lingotière, et le métal liquide s'écoule dans la lingotière par deux orifices pratiqués à chacune des extrémités de la partie terminale allongée de l'élément creux, et appelés "ouïes".To obtain the desired homogenization, two-part nozzles are sometimes used, in particular in casting between cylinders (see document JP-A-60021171). The first part is composed of a cylindrical tube, the upper end of which is connected to an orifice in the bottom of the distributor which constitutes the reserve of liquid steel supplying the ingot mold, an orifice which can be closed at will by the operator, partially or totally, thanks to a stopper or a drawer system ensuring the regulation of the metal flow. The cross-section of this orifice depends on the maximum metal flow which can flow inside the nozzle. The second part, fixed to the lower end of the preceding tube, for example by screwing, is intended to be immersed in the bath of liquid metal present in the ingot mold. It is composed of a hollow element inside which opens the lower orifice of the preceding cylindrical tube. The interior space of this hollow element has a generally elongated shape in its terminal part and is oriented substantially perpendicular to the tube. When the nozzle is in service, the hollow element is placed parallel to the long sides of the ingot mold, and the liquid metal flows into the ingot mold through two orifices made at each end of the elongated end portion of the hollow element, and called "gills".
Lorsqu'un débit d'acier important, de l'ordre par exemple de 60 t/h, circule à l'intérieur de la busette, la vitesse du métal dans la partie tubulaire atteint facilement plusieurs mètres par seconde. Dans ces conditions, on n'observe qu'un remplissage très partiel de la section de la partie cylindrique de la busette par le métal liquide. Ce mauvais remplissage a plusieurs inconvénients. En premier lieu, par un "effet de trompe", il tend à favoriser l'aspiration d'air extérieur par les porosités du réfractaire et les éventuels défauts d'étanchéité de la connection entre la busette et le répartiteur, ce qui détériore la qualité du métal. D'autre part, surtout lorsque le dispositif obturant le fond du répartiteur n'est que partiellement ouvert, l'écoulement du métal est tournoyant et irrégulier. Cela conduit à une forte instabilité des courants de métal sortant des ouïes, instabilité qui est encore accrue lorsqu'on insuffle un gaz neutre dans la busette pour atténuer le premier inconvénient que l'on a cité. On peut ainsi observer des dissymétries dans les écoulements qui s'établissent sur les portions droite et gauche de la lingotière. Cette instabilité et cette dissymétrie provoquent l'apparition de vagues à l'intérieur du bain de métal liquide en lingotière qui font varier en permanence le niveau de sa surface, ce qui est très défavorable à la régularité de la solidification du produit. Ces vagues font également réagir indûment le dispositif assurant la détection du niveau de la surface et la régulation de sa position: il va chercher à compenser ce qu'il prend pour des variations du niveau moyen du métal en commandant des modifications rapides et continues du degré d'ouverture de la quenouille ou du tiroir. Et ces modifications incessantes vont, en fait, aggraver les instabilités du niveau de métal. Enfin, les vitesses élevées du métal liquide dans la busette favorisent l'usure des matériaux réfractaires qui la constituent, en particulier au point d'impact du jet sur le fond de l'élément creux horizontal.When a large steel flow, for example of the order of 60 t / h, circulates inside the nozzle, the speed of the metal in the tubular part easily reaches several meters per second. Under these conditions, only a very partial filling of the section of the cylindrical part of the nozzle is observed with liquid metal. This poor filling has several drawbacks. Firstly, by a "trumpet effect", it tends to favor the suction of outside air by the porosities of the refractory and any leaks in the connection between the nozzle and the distributor, which deteriorates the quality metal. On the other hand, especially when the device closing the bottom of the distributor is only partially open, the flow of metal is swirling and irregular. This leads to a strong instability of the metal currents leaving the gills, instability which is further increased when a neutral gas is blown into the nozzle to alleviate the first drawback which has been mentioned. One can thus observe asymmetries in the flows which are established on the right and left portions of the mold. This instability and this asymmetry cause the appearance of waves inside the bath of liquid metal in the mold which permanently vary the level of its surface, which is very unfavorable to the regularity of the solidification of the product. These waves also unduly react the device ensuring the detection of the surface level and the regulation of its position: it will seek to compensate for what it takes for variations in the average level of the metal by commanding rapid and continuous changes in the degree opening the distaff or drawer. And these incessant modifications will, in fact, aggravate the instabilities of the metal level. Finally, the high speeds of the liquid metal in the nozzle favor the wear of the refractory materials which constitute it, in particular at the point of impact of the jet on the bottom of the horizontal hollow element.
Le but de l'invention est de procurer aux métallurgistes des busettes qui assurent des conditions d'écoulement du métal dans la lingotière plus calmes et plus régulières que les busettes habituellement employées lors de la coulée de produits métallurgiques en continu.The object of the invention is to provide metallurgists with nozzles which ensure conditions for the flow of metal in the ingot mold quieter and more regular than the nozzles usually used during the continuous casting of metallurgical products.
A cet effet, l'invention a pour objet une busette pour l'introduction d'un métal liquide dans une lingotière de coulée continue des métaux, du type comportant une première partie tubulaire, dont une extrémité est destinée à être connectée à un récipient renfermant ledit métal liquide, et dont l'autre extrémité débouche dans une deuxième partie creuse, dont au moins une portion de l'espace intérieur est orientée sensiblement perpendiculairement à ladite première partie tubulaire, ladite portion comportant à chacune de ses extrémités au moins un orifice destiné à déboucher dans l'espace de coulée de ladite lingotière, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comporte un obstacle placé sur le parcours du métal liquide à l'intérieur de ladite première partie tubulaire ou dans son prolongement, ledit obstacle étant constitué par au moins une pièce perforée destinée à dévier le métal de sa trajectoire préférentielle à l'intérieur de la busette.To this end, the subject of the invention is a nozzle for the introduction of a liquid metal into a mold for the continuous casting of metals, of the type comprising a first tubular part, one end of which is intended to be connected to a container containing said liquid metal, and the other end of which opens into a second hollow part, at least a portion of the interior space of which is oriented substantially perpendicular to said first tubular part, said portion comprising at each of its ends at least one orifice intended to open into the casting space of said ingot mold, characterized in that it comprises an obstacle placed on the path of the liquid metal inside said first tubular part or in its extension, said obstacle being constituted by at least one perforated part intended to deflect the metal from its preferential path inside the nozzle.
Selon une première variante de l'invention, ledit obstacle est constitué par au moins une pastille perforée par une multiplicité de trous.According to a first variant of the invention, said obstacle consists of at least one pellet perforated by a multiplicity of holes.
Selon une deuxième variante de l'invention, ledit obstacle est constitué par une pièce creuse, munie d'un fond, pénétrant dans l'espace intérieur de ladite deuxième partie de la busette, ladite pièce creuse comportant des ouvertures sur sa paroi latérale.According to a second variant of the invention, said obstacle consists of a hollow part, provided with a bottom, penetrating into the interior space of said second part of the nozzle, said hollow part comprising openings on its side wall.
Dans une forme de réalisation de l'invention, l'espace intérieur de l'ensemble de la busette a la forme générale d'un T.In one embodiment of the invention, the interior space of the entire nozzle has the general shape of a T.
Comme on l'aura compris, l'invention consiste à interposer sur le parcours du métal liquide un obstacle destiné à contrarier son écoulement naturel, en déviant brutalement cet écoulement de sa trajectoire préférentielle théorique et en réduisant localement la section de l'espace disponible pour le passage du métal. Cela a pour effet, à débit de métal égal, de limiter la vitesse de l'écoulement et d'améliorer le remplissage de l'espace intérieur de la busette dans son ensemble. On atténue ainsi les variations erratiques dans les conditions de l'écoulement du métal hors de la busette, et la symétrie des écoulements dans les moitiés droite et gauche de la lingotière et la régularité dans le temps de ces écoulements sont notablement améliorées.As will be understood, the invention consists in interposing on the path of the liquid metal an obstacle intended to impede its natural flow, by abruptly deviating this flow from its theoretical preferential trajectory and by locally reducing the section of the space available for the passage of metal. This has the effect, at an equal metal flow rate, of limiting the speed of the flow and of improving the filling of the interior space of the nozzle as a whole. The erratic variations in the conditions of the flow of the metal out of the nozzle are thus attenuated, and the symmetry of the flows in the right and left halves of the mold and the regularity over time of these flows are notably improved.
L'invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description qui suit, donnée en référence aux figures annexées suivantes:
- la figure la qui schématise, vue en coupe longitudinale, une première variante de l'invention, où l'obstacle est constitué par un empilement de pastilles perforées, qui sont elle-mêmes représentées en vue de dessus sur les figures 1b, 1c et 1d;
- la figure 2 qui schématise, vue en coupe longitudinale, une seconde variante de l'invention, où l'obstacle est constitué par une pièce creuse prolongeant la première partie tubulaire de la busette et orientant le métal vers les parois latérales de la deuxième partie de la busette.
- FIG. 1a which schematically shows, in longitudinal section, a first variant of the invention, where the obstacle consists of a stack of pellets perforated, which are themselves shown in top view in Figures 1b, 1c and 1d;
- FIG. 2 which schematically shows, in longitudinal section, a second variant of the invention, where the obstacle consists of a hollow part extending the first tubular part of the nozzle and orienting the metal towards the side walls of the second part of the nozzle.
Dans un premier exemple de mise en oeuvre de l'invention, représenté sur les figures 1a-1d, la busette 1 est formée, comme dans l'Art Antérieur précédemment cité, de deux parties principales en un matériau réfractaire tel que de l'alumine graphitée, qui sont ici assemblées l'une à l'autre par vissage de la première dans la seconde. La première partie comprend un tube 2 cylindrique ou sensiblement cylindrique, dont l'espace intérieur 3 constitue le chemin de passage du métal liquide. Ce tube 2 est normalement destiné à être maintenu verticalement. Sa partie supérieure non représentée est destinée à être connectée à un récipient servant de réservoir de métal liquide, tel qu'un répartiteur de coulée continue, au droit d'un orifice par lequel le métal liquide peut s'écouler avec un débit que l'opérateur règle au moyen d'une quenouille ou d'un dispositif à tiroir. L'extrémité inférieure 4 du tube 2 comporte un filetage 5 sur sa paroi externe, et ce filetage 5 permet de l'assembler à la deuxième partie de la busette 1. Cette deuxième partie est composée d'un élément creux 6 qui, dans l'exemple décrit et représenté, a extérieurement la forme d'un T inversé. L'espace intérieur 7 de l'élément creux 6, lui aussi en forme de T inversé, comporte ainsi une portion cylindrique 8 prolongeant l'espace intérieur 3 du tube 2. La zone supérieure de cette portion cylindrique 8 comporte un évasement 9 dont la paroi est filetée, de manière à pouvoir y visser l'extrémité inférieure 4 du tube 2. La portion cylindrique 8 débouche dans une portion tubulaire 10 qui lui est sensiblement perpendiculaire, de section approximativement circulaire, ovale ou rectangulaire. Chaque extrémité de cette portion tubulaire 29 comporte un orifice 11, 11' appelé "ouïe", par lequel le métal liquide peut s'écouler hors de la busette. Pendant la coulée, ces ouïes 10, 11 sont destinées à être maintenues en permanence sous la surface du métal liquide remplissant l'espace de coulée.In a first example of implementation of the invention, shown in FIGS. 1a-1d, the
Selon l'invention, la portion cylindrique 8 de l'espace intérieur 7 de l'élément creux 6 comporte, à l'intérieur de l'évasement 9 et sous le filetage de sa paroi, un logement 12, dans lequel, préalablement à l'assemblage des deux parties 2, 6 de la busette 1, on peut placer un empilement de trois pastilles en matériau réfractaire: une pastille supérieure 13, une pastille intermédiaire 14 et une pastille inférieure 15. Les dimensions respectives du logement 12 et des pastilles 13, 14, 15 sont choisies de telle manière que, après assemblage de la busette 1, l'extrémité inférieure du tube 2 vienne en butée contre la pastille supérieure 13. La pastille supérieure 13 comporte un certain nombre de perforations 16, réparties sur la portion de sa surface destinée à être située à l'aplomb de l'espace intérieur 3 du tube 2. La pastille intermédiaire 14 comporte une perforation unique 17 de forme, par exemple, carrée ou circulaire, d'ouverture au moins égale à celle de l'espace intérieur 3 du tube 2. Son rôle est, en fait, celui d'une entretoise servant à séparer les pastilles supérieure 13 et inférieure 15. Celle-ci comporte également un certain nombre de perforations 18, qui peuvent être différentes en nombre et en dimension des perforations 16 de la pastille supérieure 13. Mais il est important, pour l'obtention des résultats recherchés, que les perforations 16 et 18 soient sensiblement décalées les unes par rapport aux autres, de manière à ce qu'une fraction aussi réduite que possible du métal liquide ait la possibilité théorique de franchir l'obstacle constitué par l'ensemble des pastilles 13, 14, 15 sans les heurter. Pour une meilleure efficacité de l'obstacle, il est également préférable que la pastille supérieure 13 ne comporte pas de perforation en son centre, là où la probabilité de présence de métal liquide est la plus importante, de manière à freiner le jet de coulée aussi précocément que possible.According to the invention, the
De manière générale, la section totale des orifices d'une pastille donnée ne doit pas être inférieure à la section de l'orifice de sortie du répartiteur, afin de garantir que l'on pourra toujours couler avec un débit maximal de métal aussi élevé qu'en l'absence d'obstacle.In general, the total cross-section of the orifices of a given pellet should not be less than the cross-section of the outlet port of the distributor, in order to guarantee that it will always be possible to flow with a maximum metal flow rate as high as 'in the absence of obstacles.
Optionnellement, comme il est déjà connu, le fond 19 de l'élément creux 6 est équipé de perforations 20 appelées "trous de fuite". Ces trous de fuite 20 ont pour fonctions habituelles de dévier une partie des écoulements de métal en direction de la partie inférieure de la lingotière. Cette déviation limite le débit et la vitesse de sortie du métal au niveau des ouïes 11, 11' et évite ainsi que le métal ne vienne percuter violemment les petits côtés de la lingotière et y perturber les conditions de solidification. Dans le cas d'une coulée entre cylindres, cela permet également d'éviter une détérioration excessive des faces latérales en réfractaire. D'autre part, ces trous de fuite 20 assurent une alimentation régulière en métal chaud de la partie inférieure de l'espace de coulée, à l'aplomb de la busette 1: là encore, cela va dans le sens d'une meilleure maîtrise des conditions de solidification. L'utilisation d'obstacles selon l'invention permet de profiter au maximum des avantages procurés par les trous de fuite 20, dans la mesure où ces trous de fuite 20 sont d'autant plus efficaces que les écoulements à l'intérieur de la busette 1, et en particulier dans l'élément creux 6, sont plus réguliers. Cela permet, notamment, d'atténuer l'écoulement préférentiel du métal par les trous de fuite 20 qui sont les plus proches de l'axe de la busette.Optionally, as is already known, the bottom 19 of the
A titre d'exemple, on peut proposer, pour une busette 1 dont le diamètre intérieur du tube 2 est de 60 mm, et dont les ouïes 11, 11' de l'élément creux ont une section circulaire et un diamètre de 30 mm, d'utiliser un obstacle formé de trois pastilles 13, 14, 15 de diamètre extérieur 100 mm et d'épaisseur 25 mm, ayant les caractéristiques suivantes:
la pastille supérieure 13 possède huit perforations 16 de diamètre 13 mm, réparties en deux rangées de trois perforations séparées par une rangée de deux perforations;- la pastille intermédiaire 14 possède une perforation unique 17 ayant une section carrée de 60 mm de côté, ou une section circulaire de 60 mm de diamètre;
- la pastille inférieure 15 possède cinq perforations 18 de diamètre 19 mm, à savoir une perforation centrale entourée par quatre perforations disposées en carré.
- the
upper pad 13 has eightperforations 16 ofdiameter 13 mm, distributed in two rows of three perforations separated by a row of two perforations; - the
intermediate patch 14 has asingle perforation 17 having a square section of 60 mm on the side, or a circular section of 60 mm in diameter; - the
lower pad 15 has fiveperforations 18 ofdiameter 19 mm, namely a central perforation surrounded by four perforations arranged in a square.
Dans cet exemple, lors de la coulée d'acier liquide, si le métal traverse la busette 1 avec un débit de 60 t/h, en l'absence d'obstacle il ne remplit que partiellement l'espace intérieur du tube 2. Mais l'obstacle que l'on vient de décrire est suffisant pour freiner l'écoulement de l'acier liquide de manière à réduire sa vitesse à environ 1 m/s, et à obtenir un bon remplissage du tube 2, ainsi qu'une vitesse de sortie du métal régulière et assez sensiblement uniforme sur toute la section des ouïes 11, 11', pour ce même débit de métal de 60 t/h. Cela procure une stabilité satisfaisante du niveau du métal dans la lingotière lorsqu'on ne modifie pas le débit du métal traversant la busette 1.In this example, during the casting of liquid steel, if the metal crosses the
Les pastilles doivent être en un matériau réfractaire tel que de la zircone, en tout cas compatible avec la nature du métal coulé pour éviter qu'elles ne soient attaquées chimiquement par le métal de manière excessive.The pellets must be made of a refractory material such as zirconia, in any case compatible with the nature of the cast metal to prevent them from being attacked chemically by the metal in an excessive manner.
Bien entendu, le type précis d'obstacle à pastilles qui vient d'être décrit n'est qu'un exemple non limitatif. On peut imaginer, notamment de n'utiliser qu'une seule pastille perforée si cela s'avère suffisant pour obtenir un résultat acceptable dans des conditions de coulée usuelles, ou au contraire d'utiliser plus de trois pastilles pour accentuer l'effet de freinage du jet de coulée. De même, la présence d'une pastille intermédiaire 14 à large perforation unique 17, ne servant donc que d'entretoise entre deux pastilles 13, 15 à petites perforations multiples, n'est pas à proprement parler obligatoire. Mais elle permet de limiter l'usure de la pastille inférieure 15, en évitant une concentration exclusive des écoulements de métal sur les zones pleines de cette pastille qui font face aux perforations de la pastille supérieure 13.Of course, the precise type of obstacle with pellets which has just been described is only a nonlimiting example. One can imagine, in particular to use only one perforated tablet if this is sufficient to obtain an acceptable result under usual casting conditions, or on the contrary to use more than three tablets to accentuate the braking effect. of the casting jet. Likewise, the presence of an
Dans un deuxième exemple de mise en oeuvre de l'invention, représenté sur la figure 2 (sur laquelle les éléments communs à ceux de la figure la sont repérés par les mêmes signes de référence), l'obstacle inséré dans la busette 1 est constitué par une pièce tubulaire 21, munie d'un fond 22 à l'une de ses extrémités. A son extrémité ouverte, cette pièce tubulaire 21 comporte un épaulement 23 qui peut venir s'insérer dans le logement 12 ménagé dans l'élément creux 6 et qui contenait les pastilles 13, 14, 15 dans l'exemple de mise en oeuvre de l'invention précédent. Sur sa paroi latérale 24, la pièce tubulaire 21 comporte des perforations 25, 26, 27 qui permettent au métal liquide de passer de l'espace intérieur 28 de la pièce tubulaire 21 à l'espace intérieur 7 de l'élément creux 6, après avoir perdu une grande partie de son énergie potentielle. Dans l'exemple représenté sur la figure 2, ces perforations 25, 26, 27 sont au nombre de six réparties en trois niveaux sur la hauteur de la pièce tubulaire 21, et sont de forme approximativement ovale. Elles permettent préférentiellement d'orienter le métal liquide sur la paroi latérale de la portion cylindrique 8 de l'espace intérieur 7 de l'élément creux 6. De cette manière, le choc du métal contre cette paroi latérale procure une absorption d'énergie qui s'ajoute à celle subie à l'intérieur de la pièce tubulaire 21. De même, pour obtenir un temps de séjour du métal dans la busette 1 aussi long et uniforme que possible, il est préférable que, comme représenté, l'orientation de ces perforations soit perpendiculaire à l'orientation des ouïes 11, 11'.In a second example of implementation of the invention, represented in FIG. 2 (in which the elements common to those of FIG. 1a are identified by the same reference signs), the obstacle inserted in the
A titre d'exemple, une pièce tubulaire 21, dont l'espace intérieur 28 aurait une longueur de 84 mm, un diamètre de 30 mm, des perforations 25, 26, 27 de 10x20 mm, aurait sur la vitesse et la régularité des écoulements de métal une influence sensiblement comparable à celle des pastilles 13, 14, 15 de l'obstacle décrit et représenté sur les figures 1a à 1d, s'il était inséré dans une busette 1 identique.By way of example, a
Bien entendu, les exemples décrits ci-dessus ne sont pas limitatifs. On pourrait, par exemple, imaginer d'insérer l'obstacle à l'intérieur même du tube 2, et non pas simplement dans son prolongement. On pourrait aussi insérer dans la busette 1 une pluralité d'obstacles similaires à ceux que l'on a décrits, ou différents dans leur forme mais pouvant remplir les mêmes fonctions.Of course, the examples described above are not limiting. One could, for example, imagine inserting the obstacle inside the
L'invention n'est pas limitée dans son application au domaine de la coulée continue des produits plats en acier (brames, brames minces, bandes minces), même si elle y trouve une application privilégiée. Elle peut être appliquée à bien d'autres exemples de busettes de coulée continue de tous métaux en tous formats, pour lesquelles on souhaite obtenir un ralentissement des écoulements procurant un meilleur remplissage de la busette et, partant, une plus grande stabilité des écoulements du métal liquide qui en sort.The invention is not limited in its application to the field of continuous casting of flat steel products (slabs, thin slabs, thin strips), even if it finds a preferred application there. It can be applied to many other examples of continuous casting nozzles of all metals in all formats, for which it is desired to obtain a slowing of the flows providing better filling of the nozzle and, therefore, greater stability of the flows of the metal. liquid coming out.
Claims (8)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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FR9511375 | 1995-09-28 | ||
FR9511375A FR2739313B1 (en) | 1995-09-28 | 1995-09-28 | NOZZLE FOR THE INTRODUCTION OF A LIQUID METAL INTO A CONTINUOUS CASTING LINGOTIERE OF METALS |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP0765702A1 true EP0765702A1 (en) | 1997-04-02 |
EP0765702B1 EP0765702B1 (en) | 1999-05-26 |
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EP96401849A Expired - Lifetime EP0765702B1 (en) | 1995-09-28 | 1996-08-29 | Immersion nozzle for introducing liquid metal into a continuous casting mould |
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US (1) | US5733469A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0765702B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP3978794B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR100369257B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN1064286C (en) |
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AU (1) | AU702389B2 (en) |
BR (1) | BR9603908A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2186084C (en) |
CZ (1) | CZ285931B6 (en) |
DE (1) | DE69602565T2 (en) |
DK (1) | DK0765702T3 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2132857T3 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2739313B1 (en) |
GR (1) | GR3030610T3 (en) |
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PL (1) | PL181356B1 (en) |
RO (1) | RO117242B1 (en) |
RU (1) | RU2163179C2 (en) |
SK (1) | SK281773B6 (en) |
TR (1) | TR199600774A2 (en) |
TW (1) | TW345508B (en) |
UA (1) | UA42764C2 (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA968126B (en) |
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FR2769862A1 (en) * | 1997-10-20 | 1999-04-23 | Usinor | CASTING NOZZLE FOR CONTINUOUS CASTING OF METALS, IN PARTICULAR CASTING BETWEEN CYLINDERS |
EP0950451A1 (en) * | 1998-04-16 | 1999-10-20 | Usinor | Casting pipe for introducing molten metal in a continuous casting mould |
FR2818567A1 (en) * | 2000-12-22 | 2002-06-28 | Usinor | NOZZLE EQUIPPED WITH A RULE FOR THE INTRODUCTION OF LIQUID METAL INTO A CONTINUOUS CASTING LINGOTIERE |
US6425505B1 (en) | 1999-09-03 | 2002-07-30 | Vesuvius Crucible Company | Pour tube with improved flow characteristics |
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FR2767082B1 (en) * | 1997-08-06 | 1999-10-29 | Vesuvius France Sa | CASTING NOZZLE FOR TRANSFERRING LIQUID METAL FROM A DISTRIBUTOR INTO A LINGOTIERE |
GB9906116D0 (en) * | 1999-03-17 | 1999-05-12 | Didier Werke Ag | Refractory product |
CH691762A5 (en) * | 2000-06-28 | 2001-10-15 | Main Man Inspiration Ag | Intermediate container used for casting molten metal in a continuous casting machine has an inner part divided into at least two chambers connected to each other by an opening |
US7753273B2 (en) * | 2002-07-26 | 2010-07-13 | Es&S Automark, Llc | Ballot marking system and apparatus utilizing multiple key switch voter interface |
DE10240491A1 (en) * | 2002-09-03 | 2004-01-15 | Refractory Intellectual Property Gmbh & Co.Kg | Refractory ceramic immersion tube used in a continuous casting installation comprises a through-channel for connecting a feed opening for a metal melt on one end to an outlet opening for the metal melt on another end |
KR100946659B1 (en) * | 2002-11-28 | 2010-03-10 | 주식회사 포스코 | Submerged entry nozzle for continuous casting |
RU2331496C2 (en) * | 2003-03-17 | 2008-08-20 | Везувиус Крусибл Компани | Casting pipe and method of casting using it |
JP2005230826A (en) * | 2004-02-17 | 2005-09-02 | Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd | Nozzle for supplying molten metal |
CN103251994B (en) * | 2013-04-02 | 2016-03-30 | 周春华 | A kind of for the blood kettle device under swing vibration condition |
ES2553784B1 (en) * | 2014-06-09 | 2016-09-14 | Refractaria, S.A. | Distributor for steel casting |
CN107470568A (en) * | 2017-07-24 | 2017-12-15 | 嘉善优联物流装备有限公司 | A kind of casting mold apparatus used in casting device |
RU2691021C2 (en) * | 2017-11-07 | 2019-06-07 | Публичное акционерное общество "Русполимет" | Pouring device for pouring metal from tundish into molds |
CN107803492A (en) * | 2017-12-05 | 2018-03-16 | 重庆庆龙新材料科技有限公司 | Strontium aluminium alloy forming machine |
CN108904222B (en) * | 2018-07-30 | 2020-08-07 | 北京航空航天大学 | Novel choke ring suitable for manufacturing soft driver by inverse airflow method |
CN108840795A (en) * | 2018-08-08 | 2018-11-20 | 江南大学 | A method of lanolin fatty acid and lanonol are prepared by lanolin |
CN109465436B (en) * | 2018-11-12 | 2020-08-28 | 莱芜钢铁集团银山型钢有限公司 | Immersion type water gap for casting central point of ultrathin special-shaped blank |
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Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2769862A1 (en) * | 1997-10-20 | 1999-04-23 | Usinor | CASTING NOZZLE FOR CONTINUOUS CASTING OF METALS, IN PARTICULAR CASTING BETWEEN CYLINDERS |
EP0911096A1 (en) * | 1997-10-20 | 1999-04-28 | Usinor | Pouring nozzle for metal continuous casting machine, especially for twin roll caster |
EP0950451A1 (en) * | 1998-04-16 | 1999-10-20 | Usinor | Casting pipe for introducing molten metal in a continuous casting mould |
FR2777485A1 (en) * | 1998-04-16 | 1999-10-22 | Usinor | NOZZLE FOR THE INTRODUCTION OF LIQUID METAL INTO A CONTINUOUS CASTING LINGOTIERE OF METALS |
US6092700A (en) * | 1998-04-16 | 2000-07-25 | Usinor | Nozzle for introducing liquid metal into a mold for the continuous casting of metals |
CN1103255C (en) * | 1998-04-16 | 2003-03-19 | 于西纳公司 | Nozzle for introducing liquid metal into mould for continuous casting of metals |
US6425505B1 (en) | 1999-09-03 | 2002-07-30 | Vesuvius Crucible Company | Pour tube with improved flow characteristics |
FR2818567A1 (en) * | 2000-12-22 | 2002-06-28 | Usinor | NOZZLE EQUIPPED WITH A RULE FOR THE INTRODUCTION OF LIQUID METAL INTO A CONTINUOUS CASTING LINGOTIERE |
WO2002051569A1 (en) * | 2000-12-22 | 2002-07-04 | Usinor | Nozzle equipped with a bar for introducing molten metal into an ingot mould for continuous metal casting |
KR100816457B1 (en) * | 2000-12-22 | 2008-03-26 | 아르셀러미탈 프랑스 | Nozzle equipped with a bar for introducing molten metal into an ingot mould for continuous metal casting |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN1064286C (en) | 2001-04-11 |
GR3030610T3 (en) | 1999-10-29 |
ZA968126B (en) | 1997-04-21 |
AU6443596A (en) | 1997-04-10 |
DE69602565T2 (en) | 1999-12-16 |
KR970014880A (en) | 1997-04-28 |
US5733469A (en) | 1998-03-31 |
JP3978794B2 (en) | 2007-09-19 |
CN1154885A (en) | 1997-07-23 |
BR9603908A (en) | 1998-06-09 |
ATE180427T1 (en) | 1999-06-15 |
TR199600774A2 (en) | 1997-04-22 |
KR100369257B1 (en) | 2003-03-15 |
PL316322A1 (en) | 1997-04-01 |
CA2186084A1 (en) | 1997-03-29 |
CZ279996A3 (en) | 1997-04-16 |
EP0765702B1 (en) | 1999-05-26 |
AU702389B2 (en) | 1999-02-18 |
FR2739313B1 (en) | 1997-10-31 |
DE69602565D1 (en) | 1999-07-01 |
TW345508B (en) | 1998-11-21 |
UA42764C2 (en) | 2001-11-15 |
CZ285931B6 (en) | 1999-11-17 |
DK0765702T3 (en) | 1999-12-06 |
RO117242B1 (en) | 2001-12-28 |
CA2186084C (en) | 2008-01-29 |
FR2739313A1 (en) | 1997-04-04 |
JPH09108794A (en) | 1997-04-28 |
RU2163179C2 (en) | 2001-02-20 |
PL181356B1 (en) | 2001-07-31 |
ES2132857T3 (en) | 1999-08-16 |
SK281773B6 (en) | 2001-07-10 |
MX9604288A (en) | 1997-08-30 |
SK118296A3 (en) | 1998-01-14 |
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