EP0761828B1 - Brique coulée en fusion pour le chauffage d'appoint dans la sole d'égalisation de fours poussants et procédé pour sa fabrication - Google Patents

Brique coulée en fusion pour le chauffage d'appoint dans la sole d'égalisation de fours poussants et procédé pour sa fabrication Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0761828B1
EP0761828B1 EP96113387A EP96113387A EP0761828B1 EP 0761828 B1 EP0761828 B1 EP 0761828B1 EP 96113387 A EP96113387 A EP 96113387A EP 96113387 A EP96113387 A EP 96113387A EP 0761828 B1 EP0761828 B1 EP 0761828B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
stone
mould
melt
casting
stones
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP96113387A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0761828A1 (fr
Inventor
Heribert Müller
Pekka Dr. Mäntylä
Johannes Sallinen
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SEPR Italia SpA
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Refradige SpA
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
    • F27D1/04—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs characterised by the form, e.g. shape of the bricks or blocks used
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/0006—Details, accessories not peculiar to any of the following furnaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
    • F27B9/14—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment
    • F27B9/20—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment the charge moving in a substantially straight path tunnel furnace
    • F27B9/22—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment the charge moving in a substantially straight path tunnel furnace on rails, e.g. under the action of scrapers or pushers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a melt-cast stone for an additional electric heating in compensation cookers from Pusher furnaces. It also relates to manufacturing processes such melt-cast stones.
  • Pusher furnaces are used in steel rolling mills to heat the Steel slabs or steel blocks before the hot rolling process.
  • the sliding surfaces in the pusher furnaces especially in the compensation furnace of the pusher furnaces or in the Drawing zone to be formed from melt-cast ceramic.
  • slideways consist of cuboid Blocks that are put together and in the direction of impact the slabs form an uninterrupted slideway.
  • the melt-cast stones used for this purpose can have different compositions.
  • they consist of high-melting oxidic Compounds such as mullite, corundum, zirconium corundum, zirconium oxide, Zircon mullite, spinel or other high-melting oxides.
  • the slideways exist in the front part the pusher furnace made of water-cooled metal rails or - pipes, and in the rear part, that is, in the compensation cooker, from uncooled melt-cast stones. in the In this way, the compensation hearth is intended to make it more even
  • the temperature is done by the cooled by the Sliding rails caused colder parts of the slab also be heated to the required temperature.
  • a complete temperature compensation can be achieved usually not achieve this way. Uneven Temperatures can, however, even if the Differences in temperature are not great at later Rolling process for rolling defects in the rolled products to lead.
  • US-A-2 023 044 discloses one cast from a ceramic melt Block with a continuous channel-like recess, which by means of a cooling core arranged on the underside of the mold is produced.
  • the invention is based, electrically heatable slideways made of melt-cast stones develop a high wear resistance in the area the sliding surface of the stones and a high degree of utilization the electrical heating energy for heating the slabs have in the contact area with the stones, and the at the same time ensure that the electrical Heating elements against falling scale and falling Slag are safely protected so that the electrical heated stones have a long service life.
  • this object is achieved by a melted stone loosened on the the sliding surface a homogeneous, dense side for the slab-forming side microcrystalline structure, and on the sliding surface opposite side a less fine crystalline structure and at least a tunnel-like Recess for receiving a lengthways the slideway electric heating element having.
  • the slideways designed according to the invention in direct extension of the cooled slide rails can be arranged in this way, the colder Place the slabs directly through the heated stones be additionally heated, so that this additional local warming a particularly effective Temperature compensation is achieved.
  • a good protection of the electrical heating elements achieved and on the other hand by the special structure of the stone in the area Particularly good heat conduction above the heating element reached from the heating element to the sliding surface while at the same time a high wear resistance of the stone in the Area of the sliding surface is achieved.
  • the inventive Stones a cuboid basic shape and become with their long sides to form the slideway strung together. They are advantageously through alternating projections on the side surfaces designed so that there are no vertical butt joints, but overlap each other. Thereby becomes a particularly effective protection of the heating elements reached.
  • the melt-cast stone according to the invention is preferably a stone based on ⁇ -corundum, mullite, Glass phase and baddeleyite. It has on the top first of all via a microcrystalline dense structure in which the phases ⁇ -corundum, glass phase and mullite relics as well Baddeleyit are roughly evenly and finely distributed.
  • This dense microcrystalline structure with a high proportion of ⁇ -corundum (generally greater than 65% by weight) ranges up to approx. 5 cm in the stone and has a very good thermal conductivity on. It is about 6 to 7 W / (m ⁇ K) at 1300 ° C while conventional refractory sintered mullite stones Have thermal conductivities of approx. 2 W / (m ⁇ K).
  • This structural structure of the stone essential to the invention can be favorably added to the melt by suitable additives influence.
  • additives include, for example Fluorspar, lime, magnesium oxide, carbon and Melting zirconium oxide.
  • the structure can also be read through the furnace guidance when melting and by certain Process parameters when casting in the desired sense influence, the most favorable conditions in Individual cases can be determined by a few tests.
  • the process parameters that determine the quality of the stones in the can positively influence the sense of the invention include especially the current-voltage ratio at Melting in the arc, the melting time, the Pouring speed, the cooling speed and the Degassing time.
  • the stones according to the invention are basically like this made that when pouring the stone of the Sliding surface adjacent homogeneous microcrystalline area is cooled at a higher cooling rate than the rest Area of stone. This can be done in particular achieve that the casting mold the stone in an inverted position forms by the bottom of the mold the later Sliding surface of the stone forms and by passing through the mold bottom in this area a higher cooling rate of the melt is achieved.
  • a targeted Cooling rate when using graphite plates for formation of the molds Because graphite is a relative is a good heat conductor and also a relatively high one Has heat capacity, the cooling rate of the areas near the bottom of the poured melt be increased that one for the bottom plate of the mold uses thicker graphite plates than for the other walls the mold. For example, depending on the stone format Graphite plates up to 150 mm thick for the base plate the shape can be used, while the graphite plates for the side parts, for the cover plates and for the feeder, and if necessary for a possible Vent shaft, from correspondingly thinner Graphite plates exist.
  • melts made of Al 2 O 3 -SiO 2 -ZrO 2 in different proportions, or even melts made of Al 2 O 3 -MgO-Cr 2 O 3 -ZrO 2 -CaO, alone or as a mixture, have proven to be suitable as compositions for the melt.
  • the melt is generated electrically and with a Melting temperature from 2,000 to 2,500 ° C in the graphite mold poured.
  • the melt solidifies in the graphite form short time and must have a certain time in the graphite form remain.
  • the side panels that Cover plates and the graphite plates forming the feeder removed while the casting body on the bottom plate remains to the bottom of the casting required structure with the high thermal conductivity receive.
  • the castings are in Temper boxes introduced.
  • the geometry of the tempering boxes is designed so that the cooling at the bottom of the Casting body takes place faster than in the upper area of the Casting body so that the fine crystalline structure is preserved remains.
  • the dwell time in the tempering boxes is approximately 160 hours.
  • the degassing time approx 30 minutes and the casting time for castings with approx. 170 kg is about 30 to 40 seconds to manufacture of a stone of the format according to the invention 600 mm x 300 mm x 300 mm the current-voltage ratio approx. 220-240 V at 5.0 kA, the melting time 2.5 hours, the Degassing time approx. 30 minutes, the casting time approx 60-80 seconds and the thickness of the graphite base plate 130 mm.
  • the manufacture of the stones designed according to the invention is basically possible in such a way that a first cuboid base body is poured, the height of which 50% greater than the height of the final stone.
  • the in the mold of the bottom plate adjacent layer of Casting body later forms the upper sliding surface of the finished stone.
  • a through hole for example with the help of a Diamond core drill with soft binding, relatively coarse diamond grains and relatively high concentration of Diamond grains attached.
  • the diameter of the hole is depending on the diameter of the heating elements, which later can be used as radiation elements.
  • radiant heating elements are preferably those under the Trade name KANTHAL SUPER known heating elements from Kanthal.
  • Stones according to the invention with even better properties can be in a further development of the invention make the stone with the appropriate recess immediately by pouring in appropriately trained Casting molds is made. This way namely create stones that also in the area of the recess have a dense structure, and above all have a more favorable tension structure, whereby the mechanical strength and the resistance of the Stones against mechanical loads is increased.
  • the melt is in poured a graphite mold, on the one hand the Graphite base plate in turn has a much greater thickness has than the other graphite plates of the mold, and in which the graphite core to form the recess in upper part of the mold between the side plates of the Mold is clamped.
  • the mold is also included a relatively high sprue and one provided relatively high ventilation shaft.
  • the recess 8 has one in the case shown approximately semicircular cross section with a radius of for example about 60 mm, and its height is sufficient tunnel-like recess approximately to the middle level of the Stones. In this tunnel-like recess are the electric heating elements.
  • the Heating resistors in Longitudinal direction of the slide rails. After that stones 1, 2 are in alternating order their tunnel-like recess 8 above the heating resistors placed on the bottom of the compensation cooker and to the Slideway assembled.
  • the stones 1, 2 have due to their special Manufacturing process seen over their height one changing microstructure. As mentioned earlier, this is changing microstructure and the associated Change in composition due to faster cooling of the layers near the bottom in the mold, where these layers close to the ground in the finished stone Form sliding surfaces 3, 4.
  • FIGS. 2a to 2e show.
  • the photo 2a shows the microstructure in the sliding surface 3, 4 adjacent layer.
  • the structure is special here fine-grained.
  • the structure of the structure is already somewhat coarser, but very regular, like the photo of the Fig. 2b shows.
  • Even at a depth of 40 mm below the sliding surface is the microstructure, like the photo of the Fig. 2c shows, still very fine-grained and regular. Wear resistance and thermal conductivity of the Stone material is still very good at this depth.
  • Microstructure the appearance shown in the photo of Fig. 2d.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4. 3 shows in a longitudinal section and in a cross section a casting mold composed of graphite plates.
  • the casting mold comprises a base plate 10 made of a 130 mm thick graphite plate, while the side walls 11, 12, the end walls 13, 14 and the cover 15 of the casting mold consist of 40 mm thick graphite plates.
  • a 100 mm high graphite plate 16 is arranged on the base plate 10 along the side walls 11, 12.
  • a further graphite body 17 is arranged on the lid 15, which together with the pouring opening 18 in the lid 15 forms the pouring funnel.
  • the graphite plates are connected to one another in a known manner. While the inner length dimension L and the width dimension B correspond to the corresponding dimensions of the final stone, the shape on the inside has a height H 1 which is approximately 50% greater than the height H of the final stone.
  • the cuboid-shaped stone body has cooled casting body that in Fig. 4a in longitudinal section and in cross section form shown, in this representation the in Casting mold in contact with the bottom plate 3 already forms the upper surface. About in the middle the side surface is now a through hole 20 of about 120 mm in diameter, as shown in Fig. 4b is shown. Then the lower part of the Sawn through the stone body along the plane A-A, whereby the void-containing section of the stone is separated. The remaining ridges 22 between the hole reveal and the Cut the stone's surface with a diamond saw away. The stone then has that shown in Fig. 4c Shape and the tunnel-shaped recess 8 and is in used this form.
  • a preferred manufacturing process for the invention Stone is explained with reference to FIG. 5.
  • the mold required for this comprises an approximately 120 mm thick base plate 24 made of graphite, Side walls 25, 26, end walls 27, 28 from 40 mm thick Graphite plates and a lid 29 also from one 40 mm thick graphite plate.
  • the pouring funnel By area Extension of the side walls 25, 26 and the end wall 27 upwards and by arranging another Graphite plate 30 is formed the pouring funnel, which after is covered at the top by a graphite plate 31.
  • Within the mold are along the side walls 25, 26 in lower area again narrow graphite plates 32 arranged.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)
  • Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)
  • Ceramic Products (AREA)

Claims (7)

  1. Brique de forme obtenue par coulée pour un chauffage d'appoint dans des soles d'égalisation de fours poussants, la brique présentant, sur sa face formant surface de glissement (3, 4) pour les brames, une structure microcristalline étanche homogène, et, sur la face opposée à la surface de glissement (3, 4), une structure cristalline moins fine et au moins un évidement (8) en forme de tunnel destiné à recevoir un élément chauffant électrique traversant, dirigé suivant la longueur de la piste de glissement.
  2. Brique de forme obtenue par coulée, suivant la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce qu'elle est constituée de corindon α, de mullite, de phase verre et de baddeleyite, et en ce que, dans les couches voisines de la surface de glissement, les différentes phases cristallines sont réparties de façon régulière et fine, et que la proportion de corindon α est plus grande que 60% en poids, tandis qu'elle présente, dans les couches inférieures, une zone cristalline plus grossière, dans laquelle la proportion de corindon α diminue, au profit de la phase mullite, jusqu'à environ 40 à 50% en poids.
  3. Brique de forme obtenue par coulée suivant la revendication 1 ou la revendication 2, caractérisée en ce que les surfaces latérales limitant l'une contre l'autre les pierres voisines sont munies de saillies (5, 6) se recouvrant, pour éviter des lignes de joint traversant verticalement.
  4. Procédé de fabrication d'une brique suivant la revendication 1, obtenue par coulée d'une masse fondue dans un moule, caractérisé en ce que le moule est réalisé de telle façon que le fond du moule constitue la surface supérieure de glissement de la brique et que, lors de la coulée et après elle, il se produise à travers le fond du moule un refroidissement accéléré de la masse fondue, dans la zone du moule voisine du fond.
  5. Procédé suivant la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que les moules sont fabriqués avec des plaques de graphite, en utilisant, pour les plaques du fond de moule, des plaques de graphite de plus forte épaisseur pour les autres parois du moule.
  6. Procédé suivant la revendication 4 ou la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que sont coulés des corps de brique de forme quadratique, de hauteur plus grande que la hauteur des briques terminées, les corps de brique étant munis d'alésages cylindriques débouchant et la partie du corps de brique comportant des retassures étant séparée le long d'un plan traversant l'alésage.
  7. Procédé suivant la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce qu'en utilisant un moule de coulée comportant un noyau correspondant à l'évidement en forme de tunnel, on réalise déjà l'évidement au moment de l'opération de coulée, un puits d'évent étant prévu sur le moule de coulée sur un côté du noyau de l'entonnoir de coulée, et sur l'autre côté du noyau.
EP96113387A 1995-08-23 1996-08-21 Brique coulée en fusion pour le chauffage d'appoint dans la sole d'égalisation de fours poussants et procédé pour sa fabrication Expired - Lifetime EP0761828B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19531079 1995-08-23
DE19531079 1995-08-23

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0761828A1 EP0761828A1 (fr) 1997-03-12
EP0761828B1 true EP0761828B1 (fr) 1999-06-09

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EP96113387A Expired - Lifetime EP0761828B1 (fr) 1995-08-23 1996-08-21 Brique coulée en fusion pour le chauffage d'appoint dans la sole d'égalisation de fours poussants et procédé pour sa fabrication

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0761828B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE59602152D1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2134542T3 (fr)
IT (1) IT1283818B1 (fr)

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2023044A (en) * 1933-12-18 1935-12-03 Carborundum Co Core for and method of producing hollow refractories
DE1940935U (de) * 1963-09-25 1966-06-23 Ofu Ofenbau Union G M B H Vollflaechiger herd fuer industrieofen zur waermebehandlung von metallischem gut.
DE1268644B (de) * 1965-12-17 1968-05-22 Didier Werke Ag Heizbalken fuer den Ausgleichsherd eines Stossofens
SE348182B (fr) * 1968-03-29 1972-08-28 Montedison Spa
CS199542B2 (en) * 1970-07-13 1980-07-31 Giacomo Cevales Process for thermal treatment of refractory material prepared by the heat for increasing corrosion resistance
GB1441390A (en) * 1972-11-10 1976-06-30 British Steel Corp Furnace for reheating slabs or billets
US4139394A (en) * 1974-12-26 1979-02-13 Societe Europeenne Des Produits Refractaires Linings for pusher ovens
US4294795A (en) * 1978-06-12 1981-10-13 Kureha Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Stabilized electrocast zirconia refractories

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IT1283818B1 (it) 1998-04-30
ES2134542T3 (es) 1999-10-01
DE59602152D1 (de) 1999-07-15
ITMI961771A0 (fr) 1996-08-21
ITMI961771A1 (it) 1998-02-21
EP0761828A1 (fr) 1997-03-12

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