EP0761336B1 - Method and apparatus for producing a unitary manifold - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for producing a unitary manifold Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0761336B1 EP0761336B1 EP96113674A EP96113674A EP0761336B1 EP 0761336 B1 EP0761336 B1 EP 0761336B1 EP 96113674 A EP96113674 A EP 96113674A EP 96113674 A EP96113674 A EP 96113674A EP 0761336 B1 EP0761336 B1 EP 0761336B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- header tube
- tool
- tube
- punches
- die
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
- F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
- F28F9/04—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates
- F28F9/16—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates by permanent joints, e.g. by rolling
- F28F9/18—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates by permanent joints, e.g. by rolling by welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D26/00—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces
- B21D26/02—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces by applying fluid pressure
- B21D26/033—Deforming tubular bodies
- B21D26/045—Closing or sealing means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D28/00—Shaping by press-cutting; Perforating
- B21D28/24—Perforating, i.e. punching holes
- B21D28/28—Perforating, i.e. punching holes in tubes or other hollow bodies
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
- F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
- F28F9/0243—Header boxes having a circular cross-section
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for producing a one-piece manifold for a heat exchanger genus specified in the preamble of claim 1 and a tool specified in the preamble of claim 6 Genus (see DE-A-4 334 203).
- EP-B-0 198 581 describes a heat exchanger in which the ends of the parallel heat exchanger tubes are accommodated in header tubes.
- slot-shaped openings are made in the wall of the collecting pipes, into which the ends of the heat exchanger pipes are inserted and soldered to the collecting pipe.
- the wall of the collecting tube is designed in a dome shape, since it is necessary to pull the material of the collecting tube far into the collecting tube. This is the only way to ensure that the header pipe is properly seated on the flat sides of the ends of the heat exchanger pipes.
- this configuration is only possible if there is a certain distance between the respective heat exchanger tubes. Such a design is not possible with small distances between adjacent heat exchanger tubes.
- EP-B-0 484 789 describes a method for producing a Breakthrough in the wall of a hollow body Workpiece described, the workpiece in one Tool is used, which is in the area of the intended Breakthrough is provided with a shape.
- the shape has a breakthrough to be created corresponding edge contour, so that when applied of the workpiece with a corresponding internal pressure cutting the workpiece wall in the cavity along the edge of the formation.
- the method is not suitable for a variety of openings arranged close together in one To produce pipe wall, and certainly not can surrounding the openings and directed towards the center of the pipe Flows are generated.
- the present invention is therefore based on the object a method of making a one-piece Collecting tube for a heat exchanger of the generic type Art to create, by the precisely shaped in a simple manner Openings and passages regardless of the cross-sectional shape of the manifold can be generated. Furthermore the task is to be a tool in the generic term of the type mentioned in claim 6, through that in a simple way while reducing tool wear a collecting tube with precisely shaped openings and passages for a heat exchanger can be produced is.
- This task is related to the manufacturing process by a method having the features of claim 1 and with respect to the tool by a tool with the characteristics of claim 6 solved.
- the internal pressure can be between 2 M Pa (20 bar) and 50 M Pa (500 bar). As special the application of an internal pressure is suitable between 4 M Pa and 10 M Pa.
- To at the later heat exchanger manufacture the insertion of the heat exchanger tubes into the openings in the manifold, it is advisable to cover the openings with a To be introduced. These lead-in chamfers will be preferably during a residual stroke when pressing in the stamp creates so that no additional operation is required.
- the invention can differ with manifolds Cross-section can be realized, however, in practice cylindrical tube shapes have the greatest importance. It is therefore appropriate to have the receiving space in the mold to be cylindrical. So that the ring bead at the end of the collecting tube with the one inserted in the mold Pipe can be produced on at least one End of the recording room at a short distance from Front of the header pipe a circumferential annular recess provided.
- the tool shape is formed in two parts, one upper tool part and one lower tool part two same, but mirror images of the common Have formation of the receiving space.
- the stamp are stored in guide openings in the upper part of the tool, this storage is as free of play as possible and only a sufficient for the lubrication of the moving parts Lubricant film must be made possible.
- On the Side of the upper part of the tool facing away from the lower part of the tool the actuating element for the stamp is arranged, which is preferably designed as a pressure plate, in of the stamps in the direction of the working stroke are held. So that the penetration depth of the stamp in the manifold is limited, it is appropriate that the Distance of the working stroke through the maximum distance between a contact surface of the actuating element and one Stop surface of the upper part of the tool is determined.
- the shape of the openings in the manifold is determined by the cross-sectional shape of the heat exchanger tubes, which with the Collecting pipe to be connected.
- For heat exchangers with flat tubes are therefore in the tool for making the Collecting tube stamp to provide an elongated cross-sectional shape with parallel sides and rounded Have narrow sides.
- For heat exchanger tubes with round or oval cross section is of course the shape of the stamp accordingly.
- To make an exact cut in the pipe wall to reach when pressing the stamp is to the Side faces of the stamp a bevel directed towards the tip intended.
- a plug which can be inserted axially into the end of the collecting tube.
- a stopper can, for example have a conical surface and exists preferably at least in the area of the lateral surface a plastic or rubber material. Through the conical The surface area does not depend on the exact diameter because such a shape always centers itself, until the outer surface of the plug extends over the entire Circular circumference of the end of the collector pipe.
- the stopper can however also cylindrical and with an annular Seal.
- the stopper is an elastic ring member includes that between two end clamping elements arranged and radial by the application of axial force is expandable.
- A is preferably used for supplying the pressure fluid pressure medium line attached to the plug. It can the end of the pressure fluid line through the stopper to the side of the manifold facing the interior of the Stopper. If the pressure medium line is not completely through the plug, is the Pressure medium line through a hole in the plug with the Connected interior of the manifold.
- the parting plane of the tool shape 1 runs at the center line M of the header or the receiving space formed by the formations 4, 4 ' 15.
- An end view of the tool shape 1 shows without an inserted collecting tube this representation it can be seen that the formation 4th in the upper part 2 and the shape 4 'in the lower part 3 are identical and together the Form the receiving space 15, which has a cylindrical shape.
- the division plane T between the upper tool part 2 and lower tool part 3 is at the level of Central axis M of the receiving space 15.
- stamp 10 In the upper tool part 2 are radial to the manifold 5th extending guide openings 11 are provided in which Stamp 10 are guided longitudinally.
- the stamp 10 have a front end 12 which is at a short distance to the receiving space 15 or the wall of the therein located manifold 5 is.
- the guide openings 11 and the stamp 10 have an elongated cross-sectional shape with two parallel flat sides, as shown by the 90 ° rotated view of FIG. 11 in Connection with Fig. 1 becomes clear.
- the stamp 10 point one each located at the front end 12 Section 13, which is non-positively in a pressure plate 14 is held.
- the arrow 17 is the direction specified in which the pressure plate 14 with the attached Stamp 10 executes a working stroke, the Distance of the maximum working stroke is specified with S. This distance S is through a contact surface 18 on the Pressure plate 14 and a stop surface opposite this 19 determined on the upper tool part 2.
- Fig. 2 shows the opposite end of the tool shape 1 with the manifold 5 therein, in which State in which the stamp 10 with its front ends 12 penetrated into the interior 7 of the manifold 5 are.
- the interior 7th the manifold 5 filled with a pressure fluid and a Internal pressure of between 2 M Pa and 50 M Pa, preferably approx. 4 M Pa to 10 M Pa.
- This inner pressure supports the tube wall of the collector tube 5 against the radial on the manifold 5 acting stamp 10 so that the tube wall essentially retains its shape and only the area of the openings to be manufactured is deformed becomes.
- the stamp is pressed in radially inward passage 20 formed due to the internal pressure in the manifold 5 to the peripheral surface of the stamp 10 and attaches to this remains. This allows the stamp to penetrate 10 no pressure fluid emerge from the interior 7, so that the internal pressure is maintained.
- FIG. 3 is a section through the end section of the manifold 5 while pressing in Stamp 10 shown. It is located in the front End of the manifold 5, a plug 23, the one Inner sleeve 21 and a concentrically arranged thereon Support sleeve 22 and a ring member 24 made of an elastic Material, for example a rubber or plastic material includes.
- the support sleeve 22 has a radial shoulder 25, with which the support ring 22 on the mold 1 supports.
- the inner sleeve 21 extends through the support sleeve 22 and has a lying within the manifold 5 radial collar 26, being between the front end of the Inner sleeve 21 and the radial collar 26, the ring element 24 is arranged.
- the support sleeve 22 is relative to the inner sleeve 21 can be displaced in the direction of arrow 27 to a limited extent, whereby the distance of the radial surfaces that apply the ring element 24 in the axial direction, is enlarged. This corresponds to the condition of the plug 23 before insertion into the end of the header pipe 5. Since the ring element 24 relaxes in this state this ring element has a diameter, which corresponds to the inside diameter of the collecting tube 5. Since the outer surface of the support sleeve 22 and the radial The collar 26 of the inner sleeve 21 has a slight undersize identify the inside diameter of the collecting tube 5, the plug 23 can be easily inserted until the radial shoulder 25 on the upper tool part 2 and lower tool part 3 is present.
- the ring element 24 By axially moving the inner sleeve 21 against the In the direction of arrow 27, the ring element 24 becomes axial Direction applied so that the material of the ring element 24 tried to evade radially outwards.
- the ring element 24 based on the longitudinal extent of the receiving space 15 is in a plane in which the Receiving space 15 which has annular recess 16, causes the radially from the ring member 24 to the pipe material acting force an expansion of the manifold in Area of the recess 16 so that the tube wall in the depression 16 can be pressed and the annular Expression 6 is formed. This corresponds to that in FIG. 3 position shown.
- the inner sleeve 21 has one axial pressure medium channel 28, which is connected to a pressure medium line 50 is connected and from the pressure fluid a reservoir 52 by means of a pump 51 into the interior 7 of the manifold 5 can be fed. Apart from the pressure medium channel 28 is the interior 7 of the manifold 5 completely closed, so that for the Internal support of the manifold required pressure can be built. Since the plug 23 during Pressure build-up and the pressure maintenance phase in the shown in Fig. 3 Position, the ring member 24 provides a reliable seal against the leakage of the Pressure fluids.
- the pressure plate 14 in the direction of the arrow 17 moves, causing the stamp 10 with their front Ends 12 are pushed into the collecting tube. Because of of the internal pressure becomes the tube wall of the collector tube supported so that only the openings with these Surrounding passages 20 are generated. Before the printing plate 14 and the stamp 10 counter a working stroke the direction of arrow 17, the pressure in the manifold degraded and the pressure fluid, if necessary, in a corresponding one Memory returned. Only then does that happen Removing the stamp 10 from the manifold 5 and that Open the tool mold 1 so that the manifold from the Tool shape can be ejected.
- FIG. 4 shows the top view of a manifold 5 with arranged near each end of the manifold Characteristics 6 and a variety of slot-like openings 29, equally spaced, parallel to each other running and orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the header are arranged.
- the distance of the outer Opening 29 to the respective end face of the collecting tube 5 can be chosen arbitrarily and is essentially due to installation conditions of the heat exchanger, location and Direction of the connecting piece and the like determined.
- the manifold 5th has a circular cross section and the opening 29 sickle-shaped over a certain arc angle in extends the pipe wall.
- the arc angle ⁇ is approximately 70 °, but they are also slit-like Openings 29 with an arc angle of up to approximately 150 ° possible. Extends along the edge of the openings 29 the passage 20, its contour along the parallel Side surfaces are also sickle-shaped.
- the Passage 20 near the outer surface of the manifold 5 has an outwardly widening contour, which, for example, can also be designed as an insertion bevel 31 can, is an inner circumferential surface 30 as a contact surface trained for a heat exchanger tube to be installed later.
- a radially inner edge 32 of the passage 20 is again slightly expanded, so that it is on the inside of the passage 20 on the later in the header 5 used heat exchanger tube forms a solder meniscus.
- Fig. 6 shows a section along the line VI - VI in Fig. 5. It can be seen that the outer contour the manifold 5 is completely flat and only by the openings 29 made in the tube wall are interrupted becomes.
- the passages 20 of the openings 29 have the same contour with surfaces 30 and the inside of the pipe directed extended edge 32, as already stated Fig. 5 has been described.
- FIG. 7 shows an embodiment variant of FIG. 5 with a in the slot-like opening 29 inserted one end Heat exchanger tube 43.
- One is the slot-like Opening 29 surrounding passage 33 is provided, the one protruding beyond the outer surface of the tube wall Compression 34 has.
- the passage 33 points in contrast 5 does not have a section with parallel surfaces, but an arched contour that matches the lateral surface of the heat exchanger tube 43 comes into contact. Both on the inside of the manifold 5 as well as on the outside are clear through the shape of the passage 33 Solder menisci formed.
- Fig. 8 shows the front end 12 of the stamp 10, the is integrally formed on a stamp shaft 39 and a tip 35 with extending in the direction of the narrow sides 36, 36 ' Inclined surfaces 37 which blunt Include angle ⁇ between them.
- On the sloping surfaces 37 is followed by a section 38 with an axial contour, this axial section orthogonal to the longitudinal axis of the stamp 10 has a slightly smaller width than the extension of the side surfaces between the narrow sides 36 and 36 'of the punch shaft 39.
- a shoulder 40 is formed, which corresponds to the desired contour on the Outside of the draft a more or less strong Shows slope.
- stamp shaft 39 is on parallel side surfaces 41 with the tip 35 provided bevels 42, these bevels enclose an angle ⁇ ⁇ 40 ° between them. In the embodiment of FIG. 9, the angle is ⁇ about 20 °.
- FIG 10 shows an arrangement similar to that in FIG Fig. 2.
- a plug 44 For pressure-tight sealing of the manifold 5 serves a plug 44 with a conical outer surface in FIG 45, whereby the plug 44 when inserted into the Centered front of the manifold 5 itself and that securely closes the end of the header pipe.
- the plug 44 is on the end of a pressure medium line 46 attached so that the pressure medium line immediately opens into the interior 7 of the manifold 5.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines einstückigen Sammelrohres für einen Wärmetauscher der im Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 angegebenen Gattung sowie ein Werkzeug der im Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 6 angegebenen Gattung (siehe DE-A-4 334 203). The invention relates to a method for producing a one-piece manifold for a heat exchanger genus specified in the preamble of claim 1 and a tool specified in the preamble of claim 6 Genus (see DE-A-4 334 203).
In der EP-B-0 198 581 ist ein Wärmetauscher beschrieben,
bei dem die Enden der parallel verlaufenden Wärmetauscherrohre
in Sammelrohren aufgenommen sind. Hierzu
sind in die Wandung der Sammelrohre schlitzförmige Öffnungen
eingebracht, in die die Enden der Wärmetauscherrohre
eingesteckt und mit dem Sammelrohr verlötet sind.
Zwischen jeweils zwei der schlitzartigen Öffnungen ist
die Wandung des Sammelrohres kuppelförmig gestaltet, da
es erforderlich ist, das Material des Sammelrohres weit
in das Sammelrohr hineinzuziehen. Nur auf diese Weise
kann eine ausreichende Anlage des Sammelrohres an den
Flachseiten der Enden der Wärmetauscherrohre erreicht
werden. Diese Ausgestaltung ist jedoch nur dann möglich,
wenn zwischen den jeweiligen Wärmetauscherrohren ein bestimmter
Abstand vorhanden ist. Bei geringen Abständen
zwischen benachbarten Wärmetauscherrohren ist eine solche
Ausführung nicht möglich. Außerdem ist die Kontur der in
das Sammelrohr ragenden Durchzüge, welche die schlitzartigen
Öffnungen ergeben, nicht exakt geformt, da das Material
des Sammelrohres beim Eindrücken der Stempel zur
Erzeugung der schlitzartigen Öffnungen zunächst nach innen
verformt und dann aufgerissen wird, ohne eine genaue
Kontur hervorzurufen.
Zur Herstellung eines Rohres mit mehreren in der Rohrwandung
angeordneten Öffnungen mit nach innen gerichteten
Durchzügen ist es aus der US-A-4,679,289 bekannt, eine
Innenmatrize in das Rohr einzuführen, die eine Abstützung
des Rohres beim Eindrücken der Stempel gewährleistet. Auf
diese Weise lassen sich in der Rohrwandung Öffnungen herstellen,
die exakt geformte Durchzüge aufweisen und wobei
die zwischen benachbarten Öffnungen liegenden Abschnitte
des Sammelrohres der ursprünglichen Rohrkontur entsprechen.
Eine derartige Innenmatrize muß jedoch wegen des
mehrstufigen Entformungsvorgangs zweiteilig ausgeführt
werden, so daß das entsprechende Werkzeug aufwendig ist.
Die in zeitlich aufeinander folgenden Stufen durchgeführte
Entformung der Innenmatrize wirkt sich auf die
Taktzeiten zur Herstellung eines derartigen Sammelrohres
aus. EP-B-0 198 581 describes a heat exchanger in which the ends of the parallel heat exchanger tubes are accommodated in header tubes. For this purpose, slot-shaped openings are made in the wall of the collecting pipes, into which the ends of the heat exchanger pipes are inserted and soldered to the collecting pipe. Between two of the slot-like openings, the wall of the collecting tube is designed in a dome shape, since it is necessary to pull the material of the collecting tube far into the collecting tube. This is the only way to ensure that the header pipe is properly seated on the flat sides of the ends of the heat exchanger pipes. However, this configuration is only possible if there is a certain distance between the respective heat exchanger tubes. Such a design is not possible with small distances between adjacent heat exchanger tubes. In addition, the contour of the passages protruding into the collecting tube, which result in the slot-like openings, is not exactly shaped, since the material of the collecting tube is first deformed inward when the punches are pressed in to produce the slot-like openings and then torn open without causing an exact contour.
For the manufacture of a tube with a plurality of openings arranged in the tube wall with inwardly directed passages, it is known from US-A-4,679,289 to insert an inner die into the tube which ensures that the tube is supported when the punches are pressed in. In this way, openings can be made in the tube wall which have precisely shaped passages, and the sections of the collecting tube lying between adjacent openings correspond to the original tube contour. Such an inner die must, however, be carried out in two parts because of the multi-stage demolding process, so that the corresponding tool is complex. The demolding of the inner die carried out in successive stages affects the cycle times for the production of such a collecting tube.
In EP-B-0 484 789 ist ein Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Durchbruchs in der Wandung eines als Hohlkörper ausgebildeten Werkstücks beschrieben, wobei das Werkstück in ein Werkzeug eingesetzt wird, welches im Bereich des vorgesehenen Durchbruches mit einer Ausformung versehen ist. Dabei besitzt die Ausformung eine dem zu erzeugenden Durchbruch entsprechende Randkontur, so daß bei der Beaufschlagung des Werkstückes mit einem entsprechenden Innendruck in dem Hohlraum ein Einschneiden der Werkstückwandung entlang der Kante der Ausformung erfolgt. Ein derartiges Verfahren ist jedoch nicht geeignet, um eine Vielzahl von dicht beieinander angeordneten Öffnungen in einer Rohrwandung zu erzeugen, und schon gar nicht können die Öffnungen umgebende und zur Rohrmitte gerichtete Durchzüge erzeugt werden. EP-B-0 484 789 describes a method for producing a Breakthrough in the wall of a hollow body Workpiece described, the workpiece in one Tool is used, which is in the area of the intended Breakthrough is provided with a shape. Here the shape has a breakthrough to be created corresponding edge contour, so that when applied of the workpiece with a corresponding internal pressure cutting the workpiece wall in the cavity along the edge of the formation. Such a thing However, the method is not suitable for a variety of openings arranged close together in one To produce pipe wall, and certainly not can surrounding the openings and directed towards the center of the pipe Flows are generated.
Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines einstückigen Sammelrohres für einen Wärmetauscher der gattungsgemäßen Art zu schaffen, durch das auf einfache Weise exakt geformte Öffnungen und Durchzüge unabhängig von der Querschnittsform des Sammelrohres erzeugbar sind. Außerdem besteht die Aufgabe darin, ein Werkzeug der im Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 6 genannten Gattung zu schaffen, durch das auf einfache Weise unter Verringerung des Werkzeugverschleiß ein Sammelrohr mit präzise geformten Öffnungen und Durchzügen für einen Wärmetauscher herstellbar ist. The present invention is therefore based on the object a method of making a one-piece Collecting tube for a heat exchanger of the generic type Art to create, by the precisely shaped in a simple manner Openings and passages regardless of the cross-sectional shape of the manifold can be generated. Furthermore the task is to be a tool in the generic term of the type mentioned in claim 6, through that in a simple way while reducing tool wear a collecting tube with precisely shaped openings and passages for a heat exchanger can be produced is.
Diese Aufgabe wird bezüglich des Herstellungsverfahrens durch ein Verfahren mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 und bezüglich des Werkzeugs durch ein Werkzeug mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 6 gelöst. This task is related to the manufacturing process by a method having the features of claim 1 and with respect to the tool by a tool with the characteristics of claim 6 solved.
Die wesentlichen Vorteile der Erfindung sind darin zu sehen, daß auf einfache Weise und unabhängig von der Rohrform im Innern des Rohres eine Abstützung durch Druckbeaufschlagung erfolgt, so daß die Kontur des Sammelrohres unverändert bleibt. Die in der Rohrwandung erzeugten Öffnungen und die diese umgebenden Durchzüge haben eine äußerst exakte, dem Außenumfang der Wärmetauscherrohre entsprechende Kontur, die zu einer Steigerung der Fertigungsqualität bei der Wärmetauscherherstellung führt. Da ein Druckfluid zur inneren Abstützung beim Eindrücken der Stempel in das Sammelrohr benutzt wird, entstehen keine Riefen, wie dies bei den bekannten Anordnungen mit axial zu entformenden Innenmatrizen der Fall ist. The main advantages of the invention can be seen in that in a simple manner and regardless of the pipe shape a support by pressurization inside the tube takes place so that the contour of the manifold remains unchanged. The openings created in the pipe wall and the passages surrounding them have an extreme exact, corresponding to the outer circumference of the heat exchanger tubes Contour leading to an increase in manufacturing quality leads in the manufacture of heat exchangers. There a pressure fluid for internal support when pressing in Stamp is used in the manifold, there are no Grooves, as in the known arrangements with axial inner molds to be demolded is the case.
Da für das Eindrücken der Stempel das Sammelrohr in der Werkzeugform aufgenommen wird, ist es auf einfache Weise möglich, nach dem Schließen der Werkzeugform an dem Sammelrohr nahe dessen Stirnseite eine in Umfangsrichtung verlaufende ringförmige Ausprägung zu erzeugen. Mit einer solchen Ausprägung versehen, kann das Ende des Sammelrohres gleichzeitig als Schlauchanschluß für einen Kühlmittelschlauch oder dergleichen dienen. Sofern in dem Sammelrohr eine quer zur Längsrichtung verlaufende Trennwand angeordnet ist und wobei ein Abschnitt des Sammelrohres als Zulauf und der andere Abschnitt als Ablauf dient, können selbstverständlich beide Enden des Sammelrohres mit entsprechenden ringförmigen Ausprägungen versehen werden. Die Herstellung dieser ringförmigen Ausprägungen erfolgt vorzugsweise durch Kompression eines Kunststoffteils, wobei die radial nach außen wirkende Preßkraft des Kunststoffteils die Rohrwandung in eine entsprechende Ausnehmung in der Werkzeugform drückt. Since the collecting tube in the Tool shape is recorded, it is simple possible after closing the mold on the manifold near its end face in the circumferential direction to produce running annular shape. With a provided such expression, the end of the manifold at the same time as a hose connection for a coolant hose or the like. Unless in the manifold a partition extending transversely to the longitudinal direction is arranged and wherein a portion of the manifold serves as the inlet and the other section serves as the outlet, can of course both ends of the manifold provided with appropriate annular shapes become. The production of these ring-shaped forms is preferably done by compressing a plastic part, the radially outward pressing force of the Plastic part the pipe wall in a corresponding Press recess in the mold.
Zur inneren Abstützung des Sammelrohres beim Eindrücken der Stempel ist ein ausreichender Innendruck erforderlich, wobei die Höhe des Innendruckes von mehreren Parametern abhängig ist. Dabei kann der Innendruck zwischen 2 M Pa (20 bar) und 50 M Pa (500 bar) betragen. Als besonders geeignet wird die Beaufschlagung mit einem Innendruck zwischen 4 M Pa und 10 M Pa angesehen. Um bei der späteren Wärmetauscherherstellung das Einführen der Wärmetauscherrohre in die Öffnungen im Sammelrohr zu erleichtern, ist es zweckmäßig, die Öffnungen mit einer Einführschräge zu versehen. Diese Einführschrägen werden in bevorzugter Weise während eines Resthubs beim Eindrücken der Stempel erzeugt, so daß kein zusätzlicher Arbeitsgang erforderlich ist. For internal support of the collecting tube when pressing in the stamp requires sufficient internal pressure, where the amount of internal pressure of several parameters is dependent. The internal pressure can be between 2 M Pa (20 bar) and 50 M Pa (500 bar). As special the application of an internal pressure is suitable between 4 M Pa and 10 M Pa. To at the later heat exchanger manufacture the insertion of the heat exchanger tubes into the openings in the manifold, it is advisable to cover the openings with a To be introduced. These lead-in chamfers will be preferably during a residual stroke when pressing in the stamp creates so that no additional operation is required.
Die Erfindung kann mit Sammelrohren unterschiedlichen Querschnitts realisiert werden, in der Praxis dürften jedoch zylindrische Rohrformen die größte Bedeutung haben. Es ist daher zweckmäßig, den Aufnahmeraum in der Werkzeugform zylinderförmig zu gestalten. Damit der Ringwulst am Ende des Sammelrohres bei dem in der Werkzeugform eingelegten Rohr erzeugt werden kann, ist an mindestens einem Ende des Aufnahmeraumes in geringem Abstand zur Stirnseite des Sammelrohres eine in Umfangsrichtung verlaufende ringförmige Vertiefung vorgesehen. The invention can differ with manifolds Cross-section can be realized, however, in practice cylindrical tube shapes have the greatest importance. It is therefore appropriate to have the receiving space in the mold to be cylindrical. So that the ring bead at the end of the collecting tube with the one inserted in the mold Pipe can be produced on at least one End of the recording room at a short distance from Front of the header pipe a circumferential annular recess provided.
Um die Zahl der relativ zueinander zu bewegenden Teile zu begrenzen, ist die Werkzeugform zweiteilig ausgebildet, wobei ein Werkzeugoberteil und ein Werkzeugunterteil zwei gleiche, jedoch spiegelbildliche Ausformungen zur gemeinsamen Bildung des Aufnahmeraumes aufweisen. Die Stempel sind in Führungsöffnungen des Werkzeugoberteils gelagert, wobei diese Lagerung möglichst spielfrei ist und lediglich ein für die Schmierung der bewegten Teile ausreichender Schmierfilm ermöglicht werden muß. Auf der dem Werkzeugunterteil abgewandten Seite des Werkzeugoberteils ist das Betätigungselement für die Stempel angeordnet, welches vorzugsweise als Druckplatte ausgebildet ist, in der die Stempel in Richtung des Arbeitshubs kraftschlüssig gehalten sind. Damit die Eindringtiefe der Stempel in das Sammelrohr begrenzt wird, ist es zweckmäßig, daß die Strecke des Arbeitshubes durch den maximalen Abstand zwischen einer Anlagefläche des Betätigungselementes und einer Anschlagfläche des Werkzeugoberteils bestimmt ist. To increase the number of parts to be moved relative to each other limit, the tool shape is formed in two parts, one upper tool part and one lower tool part two same, but mirror images of the common Have formation of the receiving space. The stamp are stored in guide openings in the upper part of the tool, this storage is as free of play as possible and only a sufficient for the lubrication of the moving parts Lubricant film must be made possible. On the Side of the upper part of the tool facing away from the lower part of the tool the actuating element for the stamp is arranged, which is preferably designed as a pressure plate, in of the stamps in the direction of the working stroke are held. So that the penetration depth of the stamp in the manifold is limited, it is appropriate that the Distance of the working stroke through the maximum distance between a contact surface of the actuating element and one Stop surface of the upper part of the tool is determined.
Die Form der Öffnungen im Sammelrohr bestimmt sich nach der Querschnittsform der Wärmetauscherrohre, die mit dem Sammelrohr verbunden werden. Für Wärmetauscher mit Flachrohren sind daher in dem Werkzeug zur Herstellung des Sammelrohres Stempel vorzusehen, die eine längliche Querschnittsform mit parallelen Seitenflächen und gerundeten Schmalseiten aufweisen. Für Wärmetauscherrohre mit rundem oder ovalem Querschnitt ist selbstverständlich die Form des Stempels entsprechend zu gestalten. Um den Kraftaufwand beim Einstoßen der Stempel in die Rohrwandung zu begrenzen, ist es vorteilhaft, das vordere Ende des Stempels als Spitze mit zu den gerundeten Schmalseiten der Querschnittsform verlaufenden Schrägflächen auszubilden. Um einen möglichst exakten Schnitt in der Rohrwandung beim Eindrücken des Stempels zu erreichen, ist an den Seitenflächen des Stempels eine zur Spitze gerichtete Anschrägung vorgesehen. The shape of the openings in the manifold is determined by the cross-sectional shape of the heat exchanger tubes, which with the Collecting pipe to be connected. For heat exchangers with flat tubes are therefore in the tool for making the Collecting tube stamp to provide an elongated cross-sectional shape with parallel sides and rounded Have narrow sides. For heat exchanger tubes with round or oval cross section is of course the shape of the stamp accordingly. To the effort limit when the punches are pushed into the pipe wall, it is advantageous to use the front end of the stamp as a tip to the rounded narrow sides of the Form cross-sectional inclined surfaces. To make an exact cut in the pipe wall to reach when pressing the stamp is to the Side faces of the stamp a bevel directed towards the tip intended.
Zum druckdichten Verschließen ist es nicht erforderlich, die Werkzeugform abzudichten, sondern es genügt, daß dazu ein axial in das Ende des Sammelrohres einführbarer Stopfen vorgesehen ist. Ein solcher Stopfen kann beispielsweise eine konische Mantelfläche aufweisen und besteht vorzugsweise mindestens im Bereich der Mantelfläche aus einem Kunststoff oder Gummimaterial. Durch die konische Mantelfläche kommt es nicht auf den genauen Durchmesser an, da sich eine derartige Form stets selbst zentriert, bis die Mantelfläche des Stopfens sich über den gesamten Kreisumfang des Sammelrohrendes anlegt. Der Stopfen kann jedoch auch zylindrisch ausgebildet und mit einer ringförmigen Dichtung versehen sein. Als besonders zweckmäßig wird angesehen, daß der Stopfen ein elastisches Ringelement umfaßt, das zwischen zwei stirnseitigen Spannelementen angeordnet und durch axiale Kraftbeaufschlagung radial aufweitbar ist. Auf diese Weise ist genügend Spiel vorhanden, um den Stopfen in das Ende des Sammelrohres einzuführen, wobei dieses radiale Spiel durch die axiale Kraftbeaufschlagung überwunden und ein hoher Druck zur Abdichtung des Innenraumes des Sammelrohres erzeugt wird. Auf diese Weise kann darüber hinaus auch eine partielle Verformung des Sammelrohres erfolgen, beispielsweise zur Erzeugung des ringförmigen Wulstes nahe dem stirnseitigen Ende. For pressure-tight sealing, it is not necessary to seal the tool shape, it is sufficient that a plug which can be inserted axially into the end of the collecting tube is provided. Such a stopper can, for example have a conical surface and exists preferably at least in the area of the lateral surface a plastic or rubber material. Through the conical The surface area does not depend on the exact diameter because such a shape always centers itself, until the outer surface of the plug extends over the entire Circular circumference of the end of the collector pipe. The stopper can however also cylindrical and with an annular Seal. As particularly useful is considered that the stopper is an elastic ring member includes that between two end clamping elements arranged and radial by the application of axial force is expandable. This way there is enough play present to the plug in the end of the manifold introduce this radial play through the axial Force application overcome and a high pressure to Sealing the interior of the manifold is generated. In this way, a partial one can also be used Deformation of the manifold take place, for example Generation of the annular bead near the front The End.
Für die Zuführung des Druckfluids dient vorzugsweise eine an dem Stopfen befestigte Druckmittelleitung. Dabei kann das Ende der Druckmittelleitung durch den Stopfen bis an die dem Innenraum des Sammelrohres zugewandte Seite des Stopfens geführt sein. Sofern die Druckmittelleitung nicht vollständig durch den Stopfen geführt ist, ist die Druckmittelleitung durch eine Bohrung im Stopfen mit dem Innenraum des Sammelrohres verbunden. A is preferably used for supplying the pressure fluid pressure medium line attached to the plug. It can the end of the pressure fluid line through the stopper to the side of the manifold facing the interior of the Stopper. If the pressure medium line is not completely through the plug, is the Pressure medium line through a hole in the plug with the Connected interior of the manifold.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren und insbesondere das Werkzeug zur Herstellung eines Sammelrohres sind nachstehend anhand von in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispielen erläutert. In der Zeichnung zeigt:
- Fig. 1
- einen Ausschnitt einer Werkzeugform mit eingelegtem Sammelrohr vor dem Eindrücken der Stempel,
- Fig. 2
- einen Ausschnitt der Werkzeugform mit in das Sammelrohr eingedrückten Stempeln,
- Fig. 3
- einen Schnitt durch den Endbereich des Sammelrohres mit Abdichtung und Druckmittelanschluß,
- Fig. 4
- die Draufsicht auf ein nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren hergestelltes Sammelrohr,
- Fig. 5
- eine vergrößerte Darstellung eines Schnitts entlang der Linie V - V in Fig. 4,
- Fig. 6
- einen Schnitt entlang der Linie VI - VI in Fig. 5,
- Fig. 7
- eine Ausführungsvariante zu Fig. 5,
- Fig. 8
- die Darstellung des vorderen Endes eines Stempels,
- Fig. 9
- eine Ansicht in Richtung des Pfeiles IX in Fig. 8,
- Fig. 10
- eine Ausführungsvariante zu Fig. 2,
- Fig. 11
- eine stirnseitige Ansicht der Werkzeugform ohne eingelegtes Sammelrohr.
- Fig. 1
- a section of a tool form with an inserted collecting tube before pressing in the stamp,
- Fig. 2
- a section of the mold with stamps pressed into the collecting tube,
- Fig. 3
- a section through the end region of the manifold with sealing and pressure medium connection,
- Fig. 4
- the top view of a manifold produced by the method according to the invention,
- Fig. 5
- 4 shows an enlarged illustration of a section along the line V - V in FIG. 4,
- Fig. 6
- 4 shows a section along the line VI-VI in FIG. 5,
- Fig. 7
- 5 shows a variant of FIG. 5,
- Fig. 8
- the representation of the front end of a stamp,
- Fig. 9
- 8 shows a view in the direction of arrow IX in FIG. 8,
- Fig. 10
- 2 shows a variant of FIG. 2,
- Fig. 11
- an end view of the tool shape without an inserted manifold.
Die Fig. 1 zeigt eine Werkzeugform 1, welche ein Werkzeugoberteil 2 und ein Werkzeugunterteil 3 mit jeweils darin angeordneten Ausformungen 4, 4' umfaßt, wobei diese Ausformungen 4, 4' gemeinsam einen Aufnahmeraum 15 für ein Sammelrohr 5 bilden. Die Teilungsebene der Werkzeugform 1 verläuft in Höhe der Mittellinie M des Sammelrohres bzw. des durch die Ausformungen 4, 4' gebildeten Aufnahmeraumes 15. Eine stirnseitige Ansicht auf die Werkzeugform 1 ohne eingelegtes Sammelrohr zeigt Fig. 11. Aus dieser Darstellung ist ersichtlich, daß die Ausformung 4 im Werkzeugoberteil 2 und die Ausformung 4' im Werkzeugunterteil 3 identisch ausgebildet sind und gemeinsam den Aufnahmeraum 15 bilden, der eine zylindrische Form aufweist. Die Teilungsebene T zwischen Werkzeugoberteil 2 und Werkzeugunterteil 3 befindet sich auf der Höhe der Mittelachse M des Aufnahmeraumes 15. 1 shows a tool mold 1, which is a tool upper part 2 and a lower tool part 3 with each Formations 4, 4 'arranged therein, these Formations 4, 4 'together a receiving space 15 for form a manifold 5. The parting plane of the tool shape 1 runs at the center line M of the header or the receiving space formed by the formations 4, 4 ' 15. An end view of the tool shape 1 shows without an inserted collecting tube this representation it can be seen that the formation 4th in the upper part 2 and the shape 4 'in the lower part 3 are identical and together the Form the receiving space 15, which has a cylindrical shape. The division plane T between the upper tool part 2 and lower tool part 3 is at the level of Central axis M of the receiving space 15.
In dem Werkzeugoberteil 2 sind radial zum Sammelrohr 5 verlaufende Führungsöffnungen 11 vorgesehen, in denen Stempel 10 längsverschieblich geführt sind. Die Stempel 10 weisen ein vorderes Ende 12 auf, das in geringem Abstand zu dem Aufnahmeraum 15 bzw. der Wandung des darin befindlichen Sammelrohres 5 liegt. Die Führungsöffnungen 11 und die Stempel 10 besitzen eine längliche Querschnittsform mit zwei parallel verlaufenden Flachseiten, wie dies durch die um 90° gedrehte Ansicht der Fig. 11 in Verbindung mit Fig. 1 deutlich wird. Die Stempel 10 weisen jeweils einen dem vorderen Ende 12 entfernt liegenden Abschnitt 13 auf, der in einer Druckplatte 14 kraftschlüssig gehalten ist. Mit dem Pfeil 17 ist die Richtung angegeben, in der die Druckplatte 14 mit den daran befestigten Stempeln 10 einen Arbeitshub ausführt, wobei die Strecke des maximalen Arbeitshubs mit S angegeben ist. Diese Strecke S wird durch eine Anlagefläche 18 an der Druckplatte 14 und eine dieser gegenüberliegenden Anschlagfläche 19 an dem Werkzeugoberteil 2 bestimmt. In the upper tool part 2 are radial to the manifold 5th extending guide openings 11 are provided in which Stamp 10 are guided longitudinally. The stamp 10 have a front end 12 which is at a short distance to the receiving space 15 or the wall of the therein located manifold 5 is. The guide openings 11 and the stamp 10 have an elongated cross-sectional shape with two parallel flat sides, as shown by the 90 ° rotated view of FIG. 11 in Connection with Fig. 1 becomes clear. The stamp 10 point one each located at the front end 12 Section 13, which is non-positively in a pressure plate 14 is held. With the arrow 17 is the direction specified in which the pressure plate 14 with the attached Stamp 10 executes a working stroke, the Distance of the maximum working stroke is specified with S. This distance S is through a contact surface 18 on the Pressure plate 14 and a stop surface opposite this 19 determined on the upper tool part 2.
Die Fig. 2 zeigt das entgegengesetzte Ende der Werkzeugform 1 mit dem darin befindlichen Sammelrohr 5, in dem Zustand, bei dem die Stempel 10 mit ihren vorderen Enden 12 in den Innenraum 7 des Sammelrohres 5 eingedrungen sind. Bevor die Druckplatte 14 mit den daran befestigten Stempeln 10 den Arbeitshub ausführt, wird der Innenraum 7 des Sammelrohres 5 mit einem Druckfluid gefüllt und ein Innendruck von zwischen 2 M Pa und 50 M Pa, vorzugsweise ca. 4 M Pa bis 10 M Pa aufgebaut. Dieser Innendruck stützt die Rohrwandung des Sammelrohres 5 gegen die radial auf das Sammelrohr 5 wirkenden Stempel 10, so daß die Rohrwandung im wesentlichen ihre Form behält und lediglich der Bereich der zu fertigenden Öffnungen verformt wird. Durch das radiale Eindrücken der Stempel wird ein nach innen gerichteter Durchzug 20 gebildet, der sich aufgrund des Innendruckes im Sammelrohr 5 an die Umfangsfläche des Stempels 10 legt und an dieser in Anlage bleibt. Auf diese Weise kann beim Eindringen der Stempel 10 kein Druckfluid aus dem Innenraum 7 austreten, so daß der Innendruck aufrecht erhalten bleibt. Fig. 2 shows the opposite end of the tool shape 1 with the manifold 5 therein, in which State in which the stamp 10 with its front ends 12 penetrated into the interior 7 of the manifold 5 are. Before the pressure plate 14 with the attached Stamp 10 executes the working stroke, the interior 7th the manifold 5 filled with a pressure fluid and a Internal pressure of between 2 M Pa and 50 M Pa, preferably approx. 4 M Pa to 10 M Pa. This inner pressure supports the tube wall of the collector tube 5 against the radial on the manifold 5 acting stamp 10 so that the tube wall essentially retains its shape and only the area of the openings to be manufactured is deformed becomes. The stamp is pressed in radially inward passage 20 formed due to the internal pressure in the manifold 5 to the peripheral surface of the stamp 10 and attaches to this remains. This allows the stamp to penetrate 10 no pressure fluid emerge from the interior 7, so that the internal pressure is maintained.
In der Fig. 3 ist ein Schnitt durch den endseitigen Abschnitt des Sammelrohres 5 während des Eindrückens der Stempel 10 gezeigt. Dabei befindet sich in dem stirnseitigen Ende des Sammelrohres 5 ein Stopfen 23, der eine Innenhülse 21 sowie eine darauf konzentrisch angeordnete Abstützhülse 22 und ein Ringelement 24 aus einem elastischen Material, bspw. einem Gummi oder Kunststoffmaterial umfaßt. Die Abstützhülse 22 besitzt eine radiale Schulter 25, mit der sich der Abstützring 22 an der Werkzeugform 1 abstützt. Die Innenhülse 21 durchragt die Abstützhülse 22 und besitzt einen innerhalb des Sammelrohres 5 liegenden radialen Bund 26, wobei zwischen dem vorderen Ende der Innenhülse 21 und dem radialen Bund 26 das Ringelement 24 angeordnet ist. Die Abstützhülse 22 ist relativ zur Innenhülse 21 in Richtung des Pfeiles 27 begrenzt verschiebbar, wodurch der Abstand der radialen Flächen, die das Ringelement 24 in axialer Richtung beaufschlagen, vergrößert wird. Dies entspricht dem Zustand des Stopfens 23 vor dem Einführen in das stirnseitige Ende des Sammelrohres 5. Da in diesem Zustand das Ringelement 24 entspannt ist, besitzt dieses Ringelement einen Durchmesser, der dem Innendurchmesser des Sammelrohres 5 entspricht. Da auch die Mantelfläche der Abstützhülse 22 und der radiale Bund 26 der Innenhülse 21 ein geringes Untermaß gegenüber dem Innendurchmesser des Sammelrohres 5 ausweisen, läßt sich der Stopfen 23 leicht einführen, bis die radiale Schulter 25 an dem Werkzeugoberteil 2 und Werkzeugunterteil 3 anliegt. 3 is a section through the end section of the manifold 5 while pressing in Stamp 10 shown. It is located in the front End of the manifold 5, a plug 23, the one Inner sleeve 21 and a concentrically arranged thereon Support sleeve 22 and a ring member 24 made of an elastic Material, for example a rubber or plastic material includes. The support sleeve 22 has a radial shoulder 25, with which the support ring 22 on the mold 1 supports. The inner sleeve 21 extends through the support sleeve 22 and has a lying within the manifold 5 radial collar 26, being between the front end of the Inner sleeve 21 and the radial collar 26, the ring element 24 is arranged. The support sleeve 22 is relative to the inner sleeve 21 can be displaced in the direction of arrow 27 to a limited extent, whereby the distance of the radial surfaces that apply the ring element 24 in the axial direction, is enlarged. This corresponds to the condition of the plug 23 before insertion into the end of the header pipe 5. Since the ring element 24 relaxes in this state this ring element has a diameter, which corresponds to the inside diameter of the collecting tube 5. Since the outer surface of the support sleeve 22 and the radial The collar 26 of the inner sleeve 21 has a slight undersize identify the inside diameter of the collecting tube 5, the plug 23 can be easily inserted until the radial shoulder 25 on the upper tool part 2 and lower tool part 3 is present.
Durch axiales Verschieben der Innenhülse 21 entgegen der Richtung des Pfeiles 27 wird das Ringelement 24 in axialer Richtung beaufschlagt, so daß das Material des Ringelementes 24 radial nach außen auszuweichen versucht. Da sich das Ringelement 24 bezogen auf die Längserstreckung des Aufnahmeraumes 15 in einer Ebene befindet, in der der Aufnahmeraum 15 die ringförmige Vertiefung 16 aufweist, bewirkt die radial von dem Ringelement 24 auf das Rohrmaterial wirkende Kraft eine Aufweitung des Sammelrohres im Bereich der Vertiefung 16, so daß sich die Rohrwandung in die Vertiefung 16 drücken läßt und die ringförmige Ausprägung 6 gebildet wird. Dies entspricht der in Fig. 3 dargestellten Position. Die Innenhülse 21 weist einen axialen Druckmittelkanal 28 auf, der an eine Druckmittelleitung 50 angeschlossen ist und durch den Druckfluid aus einem Reservoir 52 mittels einer Pumpe 51 in den Innenraum 7 des Sammelrohres 5 zuführbar ist. Abgesehen von dem Druckmittelkanal 28 ist der Innenraum 7 des Sammelrohres 5 vollständig verschlossen, so daß der für die Innenabstützung des Sammelrohres erforderliche Druck aufgebaut werden kann. Da sich der Stopfen 23 während des Druckaufbaus und der Druckhaltephase in der in Fig. 3 gezeigten Stellung befindet, sorgt das Ringelement 24 für eine zuverlässige Abdichtung gegen den Austritt des Druckfluids. By axially moving the inner sleeve 21 against the In the direction of arrow 27, the ring element 24 becomes axial Direction applied so that the material of the ring element 24 tried to evade radially outwards. There the ring element 24 based on the longitudinal extent of the receiving space 15 is in a plane in which the Receiving space 15 which has annular recess 16, causes the radially from the ring member 24 to the pipe material acting force an expansion of the manifold in Area of the recess 16 so that the tube wall in the depression 16 can be pressed and the annular Expression 6 is formed. This corresponds to that in FIG. 3 position shown. The inner sleeve 21 has one axial pressure medium channel 28, which is connected to a pressure medium line 50 is connected and from the pressure fluid a reservoir 52 by means of a pump 51 into the interior 7 of the manifold 5 can be fed. Apart from the pressure medium channel 28 is the interior 7 of the manifold 5 completely closed, so that for the Internal support of the manifold required pressure can be built. Since the plug 23 during Pressure build-up and the pressure maintenance phase in the shown in Fig. 3 Position, the ring member 24 provides a reliable seal against the leakage of the Pressure fluids.
Sobald ein ausreichender Druck im Innenraum 7 des Sammelrohres 5 aufgebaut ist, wird die Druckplatte 14 in Pfeilrichtung 17 bewegt, wodurch die Stempel 10 mit ihren vorderen Enden 12 in das Sammelrohr eingestoßen werden. Aufgrund des Innendruckes wird die Rohrwand des Sammelrohres abgestützt, so daß lediglich die Öffnungen mit den diese umgebenden Durchzügen 20 erzeugt werden. Bevor die Druckplatte 14 und die Stempel 10 einen Arbeitshub entgegen der Pfeilrichtung 17 ausführen, wird der Druck im Sammelrohr abgebaut und das Druckfluid ggf. in einen entsprechenden Speicher zurückgeführt. Erst danach erfolgt das Ausziehen der Stempel 10 aus dem Sammelrohr 5 und das Öffnen der Werzeugform 1, so daß das Sammelrohr aus der Werkzeugform ausgeworfen werden kann. As soon as there is sufficient pressure in the interior 7 of the collecting tube 5 is constructed, the pressure plate 14 in the direction of the arrow 17 moves, causing the stamp 10 with their front Ends 12 are pushed into the collecting tube. Because of of the internal pressure becomes the tube wall of the collector tube supported so that only the openings with these Surrounding passages 20 are generated. Before the printing plate 14 and the stamp 10 counter a working stroke the direction of arrow 17, the pressure in the manifold degraded and the pressure fluid, if necessary, in a corresponding one Memory returned. Only then does that happen Removing the stamp 10 from the manifold 5 and that Open the tool mold 1 so that the manifold from the Tool shape can be ejected.
Die Fig. 4 zeigt die Draufsicht auf ein Sammelrohr 5 mit nahe jedem Stirnende des Sammelrohres angeordneter Ausprägung 6 sowie einer Vielzahl von schlitzartigen Öffnungen 29, die in gleichen Abständen, parallel zueinander verlaufend und orthogonal zur Längsrichtung des Sammelrohres angeordnet sind. Der Abstand der jeweils äußeren Öffnung 29 zur jeweiligen Stirnseite des Sammelrohres 5 kann beliebig gewählt werden und ist im wesentlichen durch Einbaubedingungen des Wärmetauschers, Lage und Richtung der Anschlußstutzen und dergleichen bestimmt. 4 shows the top view of a manifold 5 with arranged near each end of the manifold Characteristics 6 and a variety of slot-like openings 29, equally spaced, parallel to each other running and orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the header are arranged. The distance of the outer Opening 29 to the respective end face of the collecting tube 5 can be chosen arbitrarily and is essentially due to installation conditions of the heat exchanger, location and Direction of the connecting piece and the like determined.
Die Fig. 5 zeigt einen Schnitt entlang der Linie V - V in Fig. 4. Es ist daraus ersichtlich, daß das Sammelrohr 5 einen kreisförmigen Querschnitt besitzt und die Öffnung 29 sich sichelförmig über einen bestimmten Bogenwinkel in der Rohrwandung erstreckt. Im Ausführungsbeispiel beträgt der Bogenwinkel γ ca. 70°, es sind jedoch auch schlitzartige Öffnungen 29 mit einem Bogenwinkel bis etwa 150° möglich. Entlang des Randes der Öffnungen 29 erstreckt sich der Durchzug 20, dessen Kontur entlang der parallelen Seitenflächen ebenfalls sichelförmig ist. Während der Durchzug 20 nahe der äußeren Mantelfläche des Sammelrohres 5 eine sich nach außen erweiternde Kontur aufweist, die bspw. auch als Einführschräge 31 ausgeführt sein kann, ist eine innere Umfangsfläche 30 als Anlagefläche für ein später einzubringendes Wärmetauscherrohr ausgebildet. Ein radial innen liegender Rand 32 des Durchzugs 20 ist wiederum etwas erweitert, so daß sich auf der Innenseite des Durchzugs 20 an dem später in das Sammelrohr 5 eingesetzten Wärmetauscherrohr ein Lötmeniskus bildet. 5 shows a section along the line V - V in Fig. 4. It can be seen that the manifold 5th has a circular cross section and the opening 29 sickle-shaped over a certain arc angle in extends the pipe wall. In the exemplary embodiment the arc angle γ is approximately 70 °, but they are also slit-like Openings 29 with an arc angle of up to approximately 150 ° possible. Extends along the edge of the openings 29 the passage 20, its contour along the parallel Side surfaces are also sickle-shaped. During the Passage 20 near the outer surface of the manifold 5 has an outwardly widening contour, which, for example, can also be designed as an insertion bevel 31 can, is an inner circumferential surface 30 as a contact surface trained for a heat exchanger tube to be installed later. A radially inner edge 32 of the passage 20 is again slightly expanded, so that it is on the inside of the passage 20 on the later in the header 5 used heat exchanger tube forms a solder meniscus.
Die Fig. 6 zeigt einen Schnitt entlang der Linie VI - VI in Fig. 5. Daraus ist ersichtlich, daß die Außenkontur des Sammelrohres 5 völlig eben ist und lediglich durch die in der Rohrwandung eingebrachten Öffnungen 29 unterbrochen wird. Die Durchzüge 20 der Öffnungen 29 besitzen die gleiche Kontur mit Flächen 30 und dem in das Rohrinnere gerichteten erweiterten Rand 32, wie dies bereits zu Fig. 5 beschrieben wurde. Fig. 6 shows a section along the line VI - VI in Fig. 5. It can be seen that the outer contour the manifold 5 is completely flat and only by the openings 29 made in the tube wall are interrupted becomes. The passages 20 of the openings 29 have the same contour with surfaces 30 and the inside of the pipe directed extended edge 32, as already stated Fig. 5 has been described.
Fig. 7 zeigt eine Ausführungsvariante der Fig. 5 mit einem in die schlitzartige Öffnung 29 eingesetzten Ende eines Wärmetauscherrohres 43. Dabei ist ein die schlitzartige Öffnung 29 umgebender Durchzug 33 vorgesehen, der eine über die Mantelfläche der Rohrwandung hinausstehende Stauchung 34 aufweist. Der Durchzug 33 weist im Gegensatz zur Fig. 5 keinen Abschnitt mit parallelen Flächen auf, sondern eine gewölbte Kontur, die mit der Mantelfläche des Wärmetauscherrohres 43 in Anlage kommt. Sowohl auf der Innenseite des Sammelrohres 5 als auch auf der Außenseite werden durch die Formgebung des Durchzugs 33 deutliche Lötmenisken gebildet. FIG. 7 shows an embodiment variant of FIG. 5 with a in the slot-like opening 29 inserted one end Heat exchanger tube 43. One is the slot-like Opening 29 surrounding passage 33 is provided, the one protruding beyond the outer surface of the tube wall Compression 34 has. The passage 33 points in contrast 5 does not have a section with parallel surfaces, but an arched contour that matches the lateral surface of the heat exchanger tube 43 comes into contact. Both on the inside of the manifold 5 as well as on the outside are clear through the shape of the passage 33 Solder menisci formed.
Die Fig. 8 zeigt das vordere Ende 12 des Stempels 10, das an einem Stempelschaft 39 angeformt ist und eine Spitze 35 mit sich in Richtung auf die Schmalseiten 36, 36' erstreckenden Schrägflächen 37 umfaßt, die einen stumpfen Winkel β zwischen sich einschließen. An die Schrägflächen 37 schließt sich ein Abschnitt 38 mit axialer Kontur an, wobei dieser axiale Abschnitt orthogonal zur Längsachse des Stempels 10 eine etwas geringere Breite besitzt als die Erstreckung der Seitenflächen zwischen den Schmalseiten 36 und 36' des Stempelschaftes 39. Zwischen dem Abschnitt 38 und dem Stempelschaft 39 ist ein Absatz 40 gebildet, der entsprechend der gewünschten Kontur an der Außenseite des Durchzugs eine mehr oder weniger starke Schrägung ausweist. Fig. 8 shows the front end 12 of the stamp 10, the is integrally formed on a stamp shaft 39 and a tip 35 with extending in the direction of the narrow sides 36, 36 ' Inclined surfaces 37 which blunt Include angle β between them. On the sloping surfaces 37 is followed by a section 38 with an axial contour, this axial section orthogonal to the longitudinal axis of the stamp 10 has a slightly smaller width than the extension of the side surfaces between the narrow sides 36 and 36 'of the punch shaft 39. Between the section 38 and the stamp shaft 39 a shoulder 40 is formed, which corresponds to the desired contour on the Outside of the draft a more or less strong Shows slope.
Die Fig. 9 zeigt eine Ansicht in Richtung des Pfeiles IX der Fig. 8, woraus ersichtlich ist, daß der Stempel 10 eine flache Querschnittsform besitzt. Der Stempelschaft 39 ist an parallelen Seitenflächen 41 mit zur Spitze 35 verlaufenden Anschrägungen 42 versehen, wobei diese Anschrägungen zwischen sich einen Winkel α < 40° einschließen. Im Ausführungsbeispiel der Fig. 9 beträgt der Winkel α etwa 20°. 9 shows a view in the direction of arrow IX 8, from which it can be seen that the stamp 10th has a flat cross-sectional shape. The stamp shaft 39 is on parallel side surfaces 41 with the tip 35 provided bevels 42, these bevels enclose an angle α <40 ° between them. In the embodiment of FIG. 9, the angle is α about 20 °.
Die Fig. 10 zeigt eine Anordnung ähnlich derjenigen in Fig. 2. Zum druckdichten Verschließen des Sammelrohres 5 dient in Fig. 10 ein Stopfen 44 mit konischer Mantelfläche 45, wodurch sich der Stopfen 44 beim Einführen in die Stirnseite des Sammelrohres 5 selbst zentriert und das stirnseitige Ende des Sammelrohres sicher verschließt. Der Stopfen 44 ist auf dem Ende einer Druckmittelleitung 46 befestigt, so daß die Druckmittelleitung unmittelbar in den Innenraum 7 des Sammelrohres 5 mündet. 10 shows an arrangement similar to that in FIG Fig. 2. For pressure-tight sealing of the manifold 5 serves a plug 44 with a conical outer surface in FIG 45, whereby the plug 44 when inserted into the Centered front of the manifold 5 itself and that securely closes the end of the header pipe. The plug 44 is on the end of a pressure medium line 46 attached so that the pressure medium line immediately opens into the interior 7 of the manifold 5.
Claims (16)
- Process for the production of a one-piece header tube (5) for a heat exchanger, in particular a radiator for a motor vehicle, in which several openings (29) with rims (20, 33) directed towards the inside of the header tube (5) are produced in the tube wall by pressing in punches (10) which act radially upon the tube wall,
characterised
by the following process steps:a) the header tube (5) is positioned in a tool die (1) divided in its longitudinal direction, which has the contour of the header tube (5), and the tool die (1) is closed,b) a pressurising-medium feed line is connected to the end of the header tube (5) and the ends of the header tube are otherwise sealed,c) the inside space (7) of the header tube (5) is filled with a pressurising fluid through the pressurising-medium feed line, so that the header tube (5) is pressurised with a predetermined internal pressure,d) the punches (10), with a point (35) arranged at least approximately mid-way between their small sides (36, 36'), move into contact with the tube wall of the header tube (5) and penetrate therein with sloping surfaces (37) diverging from the point (35),e) as the tube wall is penetrated by the punches (10), rims (20, 23) directed towards the inside of the header tube (5) are produced, and the said rims rest so as to form seals against the circumference of the punch (10) in each case,f) the pressure in the header tube (5) is released by letting pressurising fluid out through the end of the header tube,g) the punches (10) are withdrawn from the header tube (5) and the header tube is extracted from the tool die (1). - Process according to Claim 1,
characterised in that
after the tool die (1) has been closed over the header tube (5), annular ridges (6) running circumferentially are produced near the ends of the header tube. - Process according to Claim 2,
characterised in that
the annular ridges (6) are produced by axial compression of an annular element (24), whereby a pressure force acting radially outwards is produced, which presses the tube wall into a corresponding recess (16) in the tool die (1). - Process according to any of the preceding claims,
characterised in that
the header tube (5) is pressurised with an internal pressure between 2 MPa and 50 MPa, and preferably between 4 MPa and 10 MPa. - Process according to any of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
during a residual stroke when the punch (10) is being pressed in to produce the rims (20, 23), an insertion slope (31) is formed. - Tool for the production of a one-piece header tube (5) for a heat exchanger, with punches (10) for the radial penetration of the wall of the header tube (5) in order to form several openings (29) with rims (20, 23) directed inwards into the header tube (5),
characterized in that
the tool is a split tool die (1) comprising a holding chamber (15) for the header tube (5), such that the tool die (1) has a dividing plane (T) extending in the longitudinal direction of the header tube (5), and several punches (10) are held in one part of the tool die so that they can move longitudinally through a working stroke and are connected to an actuator element (14), the said punches (10) having an elongated cross-sectional shape with small sides (36) and with the front end (12) of the punches (10) formed as a point (35) having sloping surfaces (37) which diverge towards the said small sides (36), and the tool comprises at least one means to seal off the ends of the header tube (5) in a pressure-tight way and to feed a pressurising fluid into an inside space (7) of the header tube (5). - Tool according to Claim 6,
characterized in that
the holding chamber (15) has the shape of a cylinder. - Tool according to Claims 6 or 7,
characterized in that
at least at one end of the holding chamber (15), a small distance away from the end of the header tube (5), an annular recess (6) running circumferentially is provided. - Tool according to any of Claims 6 to 8,
characterized in that
the tool die (1) is formed in two parts, such that an upper (2) and a lower (3) part of the tool die have identical but mirror-image shapes (4) which together form the holding chamber (15), and the punches (10) are preferably held in guide openings (11) in the upper portion (2) of the tool die, and the actuator element (14) is positioned on the side of the upper portion (2) of the die facing away from its lower portion (3). - Tool according to Claim 9,
characterized in that
the actuator element is in the form of a pressure plate (14) in which the punches (10) are held by friction-force closing in the direction of the working stroke (17), such that preferably the length (S) of the working stroke is determined by the distance between a contact surface (18) of the actuator element (14) and an end-stop surface (19) on the upper part (2) of the tool die. - Tool according to any of Claims 6 to 10,
characterized in that
the punches (10) have parallel side surfaces (41) and the small sides (36) are rounded, such that the sloping surfaces (37) are followed by an axial section (38) whose parallel side surfaces are somewhat shorter than those of a punch shaft, so that between the said section and the punch shaft a step is formed and on the side surfaces (41) a sloping surface (42) directed towards the point (35) is provided. - Tool according to any of Claims 6 to 11,
characterized in that
for the purpose of pressure-tight sealing, a stopper (8, 8'; 23; 44) that can be inserted in the end of the header tube (5) is provided. - Tool according to Claim 12,
characterized in that
the stopper (44) has a conical outer surface (45) and preferably consists of a plastic or rubber material, at least in the area of the outer surface (45). - Tool according to Claim 13,
characterized in that
the stopper (8, 8'; 23) is cylindrical and is provided with an annular seal (9, 24). - Tool according to Claim 13,
characterized in that
the stopper (23) comprises an elastic annular element (24), which is positioned between two clamping elements (22, 26) at the end and can be expanded radially by the action of axial forces, such that the annular element (24) preferably consists of polyurethane. - Tool according to any of Claims 12 to 15,
characterized in that
to feed in the pressurising fluid, a pressurising-medium feed line (46) is attached to one of the stoppers (23, 44) and in the stopper (23) a pressurising-medium channel (28) is provided, the said channel connecting the pressurising-medium feed line with the inside space (7) of the header tube (5).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19532860A DE19532860A1 (en) | 1995-09-06 | 1995-09-06 | Method and tool for producing a one-piece manifold |
DE19532860 | 1995-09-06 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0761336A1 EP0761336A1 (en) | 1997-03-12 |
EP0761336B1 true EP0761336B1 (en) | 1999-11-10 |
Family
ID=7771382
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP96113674A Expired - Lifetime EP0761336B1 (en) | 1995-09-06 | 1996-08-27 | Method and apparatus for producing a unitary manifold |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5737952A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0761336B1 (en) |
DE (2) | DE19532860A1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2138279T3 (en) |
Cited By (2)
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DE102006028490A1 (en) * | 2005-07-05 | 2007-05-10 | Modine Korea Llc, Asan | Method for producing a collecting pipe, collecting tank with collecting pipe and heat exchanger with collecting tank |
CN102950220A (en) * | 2012-10-27 | 2013-03-06 | 安徽多达皖晶新能源有限公司 | Flow guide hole processing and positioning device for flow conduit |
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US6179049B1 (en) * | 1998-05-18 | 2001-01-30 | Lattimore & Tessmer, Inc. | Heat exchanger with an integrated tank and head sheet |
US6109344A (en) | 1998-05-18 | 2000-08-29 | Lattimore & Tessmer, Inc. | Heat exchanger with an integrated tank and head sheet |
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DE19911334A1 (en) | 1999-03-15 | 2000-09-21 | Behr Gmbh & Co | Collecting tube for a heat exchanger and manufacturing process therefor |
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DE10043024B4 (en) * | 2000-09-01 | 2005-12-01 | Audi Ag | Method for hydroforming a hollow profile |
DE60100617T2 (en) * | 2000-10-06 | 2004-06-09 | Visteon Global Technologies, Inc., Dearborn | Manufacture of a tube for a heat exchanger |
US6442820B1 (en) | 2000-10-26 | 2002-09-03 | F & P Mfg., Inc. | Method and apparatus for forming a tube having an article inserted therein |
DE10056074B4 (en) | 2000-11-07 | 2017-03-23 | Mahle International Gmbh | Heat exchanger |
DE10103176B4 (en) * | 2001-01-22 | 2010-06-02 | Behr Gmbh & Co. Kg | Method for introducing Flachrohreinsteckschlitzen in a manifold |
US20030145708A1 (en) * | 2001-10-11 | 2003-08-07 | Presby David W. | Method, apparatus and actuatable perforator for creating apertures in pipe and pipe produced thereby |
US6651327B1 (en) | 2001-12-10 | 2003-11-25 | Dana Corporation | Method of making hydroformed fuel rails |
US6591648B1 (en) * | 2002-06-24 | 2003-07-15 | Greenville Tool & Die Company | Method of stamping and piercing a tube |
CN100458351C (en) | 2003-10-02 | 2009-02-04 | 贝洱两合公司 | Charge-air cooler for motor vehicles |
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CN103639274B (en) * | 2013-12-26 | 2016-05-11 | 云南烟草机械有限责任公司 | A kind of four post oil pressure piercing on rectangular tube equipment |
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-
1995
- 1995-09-06 DE DE19532860A patent/DE19532860A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1996
- 1996-08-27 DE DE59603615T patent/DE59603615D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-08-27 EP EP96113674A patent/EP0761336B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-08-27 ES ES96113674T patent/ES2138279T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-09-05 US US08/708,723 patent/US5737952A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102006028490A1 (en) * | 2005-07-05 | 2007-05-10 | Modine Korea Llc, Asan | Method for producing a collecting pipe, collecting tank with collecting pipe and heat exchanger with collecting tank |
CN102950220A (en) * | 2012-10-27 | 2013-03-06 | 安徽多达皖晶新能源有限公司 | Flow guide hole processing and positioning device for flow conduit |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0761336A1 (en) | 1997-03-12 |
ES2138279T3 (en) | 2000-01-01 |
US5737952A (en) | 1998-04-14 |
DE19532860A1 (en) | 1997-03-13 |
DE59603615D1 (en) | 1999-12-16 |
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