EP0757180A1 - Procédé et dispositif d'opération des turbomachines avec régulateurs à gain proportionnel élevé - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif d'opération des turbomachines avec régulateurs à gain proportionnel élevé Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0757180A1
EP0757180A1 EP96110205A EP96110205A EP0757180A1 EP 0757180 A1 EP0757180 A1 EP 0757180A1 EP 96110205 A EP96110205 A EP 96110205A EP 96110205 A EP96110205 A EP 96110205A EP 0757180 A1 EP0757180 A1 EP 0757180A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
relief valve
surge limit
valve
controller
gradient
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP96110205A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0757180B1 (fr
Inventor
Wilfried Dr.-Ing. Blotenberg
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
MAN Energy Solutions SE
Original Assignee
MAN Gutehoffnungshutte GmbH
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Publication of EP0757180A1 publication Critical patent/EP0757180A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0757180B1 publication Critical patent/EP0757180B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D27/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04D27/02—Surge control
    • F04D27/0207—Surge control by bleeding, bypassing or recycling fluids
    • F04D27/023—Details or means for fluid extraction
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D27/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04D27/02—Surge control
    • F04D27/0207—Surge control by bleeding, bypassing or recycling fluids
    • F04D27/0223—Control schemes therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D27/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04D27/02—Surge control
    • F04D27/0207—Surge control by bleeding, bypassing or recycling fluids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D27/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04D27/02—Surge control
    • F04D27/0207—Surge control by bleeding, bypassing or recycling fluids
    • F04D27/0215—Arrangements therefor, e.g. bleed or by-pass valves

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for operating turbomachines to avoid regulator instabilities with high proportional gain of the regulator by blowing off via a relief valve, wherein in the method a control parameter is determined from measured values at least for the compressor flow and compressor end pressure and from predetermined or predeterminable target values , on the basis of which an immediate opening of the relief valve by means of a pneumatic or hydraulic actuating device via a pressure medium takes place by means of a surge limit controller.
  • Pump limit controls are characterized in that they require control valves that open particularly quickly.
  • throttles have always been installed in the oil circuit of hydraulic surge limit regulators or relief valves or in the supply air supply for pneumatic relief valves. Since the drives of these blow-off valves are generally constructed so that a spring opens the blow-off valves and the closing of the blow-off valves is achieved by oil or air pressure, the blow-off valves are opened Control medium (oil or air) deactivated, but control medium supplied from the supply line for closing. If it is now structurally ensured that the free cross sections in the opening direction are very large, but a throttle point is provided in the closing direction, an asymmetrical actuating behavior is obtained. This control behavior is used to avoid machine hazards caused by quick-closing blow-off valves. As a rule, the throttles are dimensioned such that the relief valve is moved from the fully open to the fully closed position in about 20 seconds.
  • a surge limit controller which has a non-linear amplifier.
  • This non-linear amplifier increases the control loop gain by a factor of 5 when the relief valves are exceeded. Since the surge limit controllers only work optimally if they operate in normal operation with max. permissible gain are operated, this gain increase by 5 means that the controller works unstably with this high gain.
  • a further significant improvement in the overall control loop behavior is achieved by using a trackable integral controller. This process is described in DE 38 09 881. The output of the controller is always compared with the current position of the relief valve.
  • a negative sign of the control difference e therefore means that the operating point of the compressor is in the safe working range, while a positive sign of the control difference e means that the working point has exceeded the blow-off line to the left, ie in the direction of the surge limit. If the operating point exceeds the surge limit, the compressor pumps. If these control differences deviate from one another inadmissible, the controller is switched to follow-up mode and its output is switched to the current blow-off valve position. This ensures that the manipulated variable of the Pump limit controller does not deviate significantly from the position of the valve.
  • the behavior of the surge limit controller is essentially determined by its proportional gain.
  • a wider-opening relief valve is more able to protect a compressor from pumps than a valve that opens only slightly.
  • the stability behavior of the surge limit control loops can be positively influenced by electronically limiting the closing speed of the relief valve.
  • surge limit controllers with a significantly higher proportional gain can be operated stably.
  • an electronic gradient limiter is inserted into the output of the surge limit controller.
  • This gradient limiter is constructed asymmetrically, i. H.
  • the best practical results have been achieved with opening times of 1 second and closing times of more than 5 minutes. With this implementation, closing times of 10 minutes or more can be set.
  • a surge limit control with such a gradient limitation is largely independent of very high controller gains.
  • a very high controller gain inevitably leads to the controller circuit becoming unstable. Without this limitation, the controller output and thus the valve position would oscillate. With this limitation in the controller output, however, this vibration would be limited to the first half-wave, ie the excessively high amplification would make the relief valve wider than an optimally set one Open the controller, but the subsequent quick closing process would not take place, and the valve would only close with the set gradient, ie slowly.
  • the time required to move the relief valve to the desired target position will be sufficient to bring the process disturbance that caused the controller deflection to subside. If this is not the case, the controller can intervene again in the direction of the valve opening. This then leads to the valve again performing a violent opening movement and the process described above repeated again. In most cases the fault subsided after a few controller swings.
  • the freely adjustable gradient in the closing direction of the valve is available as a degree of freedom, which can be selected such that this requirement is met.
  • the main advantage of the invention is that significantly larger proportional gains can be selected. As a result, the surge limit controller intervenes significantly more strongly in the event of a process malfunction and protects the compressor much better against pumps.
  • the manipulated variable limiter has to be imagined as a function block, the output of which in stationary operation is always the same as its input. This also applies to dynamic processes in the direction of valve opening. Control commands in the closing direction are also switched unaffected from the input to the output, as long as the gradient for the manipulated variable change is less than the set limit. If this change in the input occurs with a steeper gradient, the output variable changes with the gradient set as a parameter until the gradient of the input is smaller than the set limit.
  • the gradient can be made switchable. This becomes necessary if a faster closing speed is permitted at a greater distance from the working point from the surge limit and a switchover to a slower speed in the vicinity of the surge limit. This occurs when the operating point is, for example, more than 20% away from the blow-off line, then the valve can be operated with a positioning time of e.g. B. Close 20 seconds or even 1 second for the entire stroke; However, if the operating point approaches the blow-off line more closely and falls below the 20% limit, then a switching time of 5 minutes for the entire stroke is switched over, for example.
  • a positioning time e.g. B. Close 20 seconds or even 1 second for the entire stroke
  • a continuously variable limit value for the gradient can be selected, which is a function of the control difference, the distance between the working point and the blow-off line.
  • the turbocompressor (1) is connected on the intake side to an intake line (10). On the discharge side, the turbocompressor (1) is connected to an exhaust gas line (11), which conducts the medium compressed by the turbocompressor (1) to a downstream process via a check valve (12). In front of the non-return valve (12), a blow-off line (20) branches off from the discharge line (11), into which a blow-off valve (2) with a silencer (3) with a pneumatic or hydraulic actuating device (21) is switched on, which is connected to a control line (22 ) connected is.
  • the flow rate of the medium to be compressed flowing to the compressor (1) is detected by means of a flow meter (31) connected to the intake line (10).
  • the compressor end pressure can be detected by means of a pressure meter (32) connected to the discharge line (11).
  • the pressure gauge (32) is followed by a function generator (33), which is based on stored Outputs the just permissible minimum flow value for the compressor (1) which is assigned to a specific pressure.
  • the actual flow value measured by the flow meter (31) and the desired flow value output by the function generator (32) are fed to a subtractor (34), in which the difference is formed by subtracting the actual value from the desired value.
  • the control parameter generated in the subtractor (34) is passed to a surge limit controller (41) which is connected downstream of the subtractor (34).
  • the surge limit controller (41) ensures continuous control, i. H. an exact adjustment of the relief valve (2) depending on the position of the working point in the map.
  • the output of the surge limit controller (41) acts on the actuating device (21) of the relief valve (2) via a gradient limiter (50) and via a control line (22).
  • a pressure medium supply (23) leads from the actuating device (21) with a positioner to a piston-cylinder unit or membrane unit (not shown) for generating the force for the adjustment movement of the relief valve (2) in the closing and opening directions.
  • the force for the adjustment movement of the relief valve (2) in the opening direction is generally for safety reasons by means of an energy storage element, for. B. a tensioned spring to ensure automatic opening of the relief valve (2) in the event of failure of the control.
  • the output of the control line (22) acts on a pneumatic or hydraulic actuating device (21).
  • the relief valve (2) in the event of a process failure adjusted by lowering the control signal in the opening direction until the compressor operating point is reset to the safe map area with only the actuating speed dependent on the design of the valve (2) and actuator (21).
  • the surge limit controller (41) reacts too violently and the relief valve (2) opens too far, the output signal of the surge limit controller (41) rises again.
  • the gradient limiter (50) limits the rise in the control signal (22) to the set limit value and thus causes the blow-off valve (2) to close from the position last reached.
  • the position of the valve (2) is fed to the surge limit controller (41) via the return line (60). returned.
  • the surge limit controller (41) now internally limits its output variable by tracking the valve position. If there is no position measurement on the valve (2), the control signal (22) can also be fed back to the surge limit controller (41).
  • the electronic gradient limiter (50) according to the invention is shown in detail in FIG. 2. It consists of the signal input module, a control factor or gain (51), a limiter (52) and an integrator (53). A feedback line (54) branches off from the control line (22) after the integrator (53) and is directly connected to the control factor or gain (51). The limit values for the gradients are set as the upper and lower limit values of the limiter (52).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Control Of Positive-Displacement Air Blowers (AREA)
EP96110205A 1995-08-01 1996-06-25 Procédé et dispositif d'opération des turbomachines avec régulateurs à gain proportionnel élevé Expired - Lifetime EP0757180B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19528253A DE19528253C2 (de) 1995-08-01 1995-08-01 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Vermeidung von Reglerinstabilitäten bei Pumpgrenzregelungen beim Betrieb von Strömungsmaschinen mit Reglern hoher Prportionalverstärkung
DE19528253 1995-08-01

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0757180A1 true EP0757180A1 (fr) 1997-02-05
EP0757180B1 EP0757180B1 (fr) 2001-10-24

Family

ID=7768429

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP96110205A Expired - Lifetime EP0757180B1 (fr) 1995-08-01 1996-06-25 Procédé et dispositif d'opération des turbomachines avec régulateurs à gain proportionnel élevé

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US5765991A (fr)
EP (1) EP0757180B1 (fr)
DE (2) DE19528253C2 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3147511A1 (fr) * 2015-09-22 2017-03-29 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Procédé de contrôle de pompage, turbocompresseur
CN109505795A (zh) * 2019-01-11 2019-03-22 华电国际电力股份有限公司邹县发电厂 风机动调断电保护系统及其方法
WO2021175945A1 (fr) * 2020-03-05 2021-09-10 KSB SE & Co. KGaA Procédé de régulation du débit et/ou de la pression dans une installation hydraulique

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10012380A1 (de) * 2000-03-14 2001-09-20 Man Turbomasch Ag Ghh Borsig Verfahren zum Schutz eines Turbokompressors vor Betrieb im instabilen Arbeitsbereich
DE10304063A1 (de) 2003-01-31 2004-08-12 Man Turbomaschinen Ag Verfahren zum sicheren Betreiben von Turbokompressoren mit einer Pumpgrenzregelung und einem Pumpgrenzregelventil
EP2101240B1 (fr) * 2008-03-10 2013-06-26 Karl Morgenbesser Organe de régulation pour liquides
US9194319B2 (en) * 2013-01-25 2015-11-24 General Electric Company Methods for intentional turbo surging for enhanced system control and protections

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2623899A1 (de) * 1976-05-28 1977-12-15 Gutehoffnungshuette Sterkrade Verfahren zum betreiben von grossen turbo-verdichtern
EP0336092A2 (fr) * 1988-04-02 1989-10-11 MAN Gutehoffnungshütte Aktiengesellschaft Procédé de protection d'un compresseur centrifuge contre le pompage par une valve d'échappement et le dispositif pour réaliser ce procédé
DE3809881A1 (de) * 1988-03-24 1989-10-12 Gutehoffnungshuette Man Regelverfahren zur vermeidung des pumpens eines turbokompressors
EP0477055A1 (fr) * 1990-09-19 1992-03-25 Framatome Dispositif de commande de moyens d'antipompage d'un compresseur

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4142838A (en) * 1977-12-01 1979-03-06 Compressor Controls Corporation Method and apparatus for preventing surge in a dynamic compressor
DE3105376C2 (de) * 1981-02-14 1984-08-23 M.A.N. Maschinenfabrik Augsburg-Nürnberg AG, 4200 Oberhausen Verfahren zum Betreiben von Turboverdichtern
DE3540285A1 (de) * 1985-11-13 1987-05-14 Gutehoffnungshuette Man Verfahren und einrichtung zum regeln von turbokompressoren
DE3540284A1 (de) * 1985-11-13 1987-05-14 Gutehoffnungshuette Man Einrichtung zum regeln eines turbokompressors zur verhinderung des pumpens
DE3805119A1 (de) * 1988-02-18 1989-08-31 Gutehoffnungshuette Man Verfahren und einrichtung zum regeln von turbokompressoren
DE3809070A1 (de) * 1988-03-18 1989-10-26 Gutehoffnungshuette Man Verfahren zum sicheren betreiben von turbo-kompressoren
DE3810717A1 (de) * 1988-03-30 1989-10-19 Gutehoffnungshuette Man Verfahren zur vermeidung des pumpens eines turboverdichters mittels abblaseregelung
DE3811232A1 (de) * 1988-04-02 1989-10-26 Gutehoffnungshuette Man Regelverfahren zum vermeiden des pumpens eines turboverdichters mittels bedarfsweisen abblasens

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2623899A1 (de) * 1976-05-28 1977-12-15 Gutehoffnungshuette Sterkrade Verfahren zum betreiben von grossen turbo-verdichtern
DE3809881A1 (de) * 1988-03-24 1989-10-12 Gutehoffnungshuette Man Regelverfahren zur vermeidung des pumpens eines turbokompressors
EP0336092A2 (fr) * 1988-04-02 1989-10-11 MAN Gutehoffnungshütte Aktiengesellschaft Procédé de protection d'un compresseur centrifuge contre le pompage par une valve d'échappement et le dispositif pour réaliser ce procédé
EP0477055A1 (fr) * 1990-09-19 1992-03-25 Framatome Dispositif de commande de moyens d'antipompage d'un compresseur

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3147511A1 (fr) * 2015-09-22 2017-03-29 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Procédé de contrôle de pompage, turbocompresseur
CN109505795A (zh) * 2019-01-11 2019-03-22 华电国际电力股份有限公司邹县发电厂 风机动调断电保护系统及其方法
WO2021175945A1 (fr) * 2020-03-05 2021-09-10 KSB SE & Co. KGaA Procédé de régulation du débit et/ou de la pression dans une installation hydraulique

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE59607984D1 (de) 2001-11-29
EP0757180B1 (fr) 2001-10-24
US5765991A (en) 1998-06-16
DE19528253A1 (de) 1997-02-13
DE19528253C2 (de) 1997-10-16

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