EP0755760B1 - Apparatus for making manholes - Google Patents

Abstract

The mould casing (12) has sleeve inserts, and contains a core (14) one end side of which has a template (34) matching the shape of the channel in the base of the drainage shaft. The template has an outward protruding protuberance which has an outer surface matching the wall of the channel at the bottom of the shaft. The protuberance has a first part leading at its base into the surfaces for the gradient of the base of the shaft. A second curved part of the protuberance is saddle-shaped to match the gradient of the channel base and is detachably joined to the first part, the template has a circular rim and radially inwardly displaced edge fitting into the hollow cylindrical core.

Description

The invention relates to a device for forming sewer shafts each having at least two connecting sleeves, in particular the lower parts of sewer shafts, with a molded jacket having sleeve inserts and a molded core arranged therein, on one end face of which one conforms to the shape of a channel in the floor of the respective sewer shaft adapted template is arranged with an outwardly projecting projection which has an outer surface adapted to the wall of the channel in the bottom of the shaft.

A device for forming sewer shafts is known which has at least two connecting sleeves. This known device contains at least two, preferably mutually rotatable molded jacket sections and a molded jacket having at least one jacket segment, in which a mold core is arranged. The shaped jacket sections are provided with socket inserts. The mandrel is a cylinder. The shaped jacket sections and the jacket segments are fixed in position by means of tension rings running coaxially to the shaped jacket. With the known device, the connecting sleeves can be attached at various points on the circumference, so that a desired angular profile is produced. Since the mandrel is cylindrical, the Sewerage shafts on flat, circular floors (EP 0 489 302 A1).

In order to direct the waste water and the waste it carries through the sewage shafts, the bottoms of these shafts are often provided with channels that run between the side wall openings. The bottoms of the shafts have a slope towards the edges of the channels, so that waste water which enters the shafts through higher inlet openings flows into the channel at the bottom of the respective shaft and from there to the outlet opening of the shaft.

After the installation of the respective shaft, the channel and the inclined floor surfaces are made by bricking.

Devices of the type mentioned at the outset can be found in DE 84 23 080 U1 and DE 41 20 483 C2. The templates include tunnel parts for basic forms of channels to be trained. Furthermore, the mold core must have a mold base in order to possibly arrange and position the tunnel parts rotatably. In order to obtain channels with the desired slope, the techniques described above must be used.

The invention is based on the problem of developing a device for forming sewer shafts or manhole bases having at least two connecting sleeves, in which channels can be formed in their inclined surfaces during manhole manufacture. At the same time, a structurally simple device is to be produced, in which the channel can be produced in a simple manner and, after it has been formed, the mold core can be easily removed with the template and reused.

The problem is solved according to the invention in a device of the type described in the introduction in that the projection (50) has a first section (100) which at its base merges into the areas for the slope of the bottom of the shaft and one has a second curved section (102) which is saddle-shaped to the slope of the channel bottom and is detachably connected to the first section (100). When pouring the respective sewage shaft or lower part of the shaft, the template ensures that the channel and the inclined surfaces are formed on the bottom of the shaft. The shaft and channel form a monolith. It is no longer necessary to create a channel with inclined surfaces by lining up the shaft base after the respective shaft has been erected. This eliminates the need to work on the shafts on site, which can only be carried out with a certain amount of effort. This effort consists, for example, in the fact that suitable bricks have to be transported to the installation site and mortar has to be produced. For the masonry, craftsmanship is required, which only specialist personnel have. This effort can be avoided by the invention, so that the construction of the sewage system becomes more economical.

The template preferably has a circular edge and a shoulder offset radially inward relative to this, which can be inserted into the hollow cylindrical mandrel with little play. This embodiment ensures that the template is centered and fixed in the mandrel.

According to the invention, at least one protrusion protrudes outwards from the side of the template facing away from the heel and its cross-section and shape can be adapted to the channel in the bottom of the shaft. The template therefore has at least one curvature or bulge, which defines the surfaces of the channel and the inclined surfaces of the shaft floor on its outer sides.

The projection comprises a first section, which at its base merges into the areas for the formation of the slope at the bottom of the shaft and an exchangeable second, arched section which is adapted in a saddle shape to the slope of the channel bottom and is detachably connected to the first section. This solves the problem of being able to produce channels with desired inclinations economically on manholes or manhole bases. The second sections of the protrusions are interchangeable and each adapted to a certain slope. It is therefore not necessary to keep a template in stock for the different, specified gradients. A set of second sections is sufficient, which are much simpler than the complete templates and can therefore be produced inexpensively.

The teaching according to the invention makes it possible to provide a template with interchangeable second sections of different dimensions in order to produce manholes with channels of different slopes without changes to the first section of the template itself, which is to be referred to as the base body.

It is favorable if the second section has a curvature which is adapted to the bottom of the channel, one end of which is connected to a crescent-shaped wall which carries a strip which can be screwed onto the first section. The distances between the outer and inner edge in the middle of the wall determine the slope of the channel.

The projection expediently runs straight from one point on the edge of the template to another point on the edge and has walls on its end faces. These walls are located at locations that are aligned with the through openings of the sleeves during the manufacture of the manhole bases.

The template described above is intended for manhole floors which have straight channels which extend across the shaft bottom transversely along a diameter.

In a further advantageous embodiment, the projection extends from one point on the edge of the template in a round arc to another point on the edge and has walls on the end faces. The base preferably comprises a quarter circle. With The template described above can be used to produce sewage shafts or manhole bases, the channels of which on the bottom of the shaft deflect the wastewater flows, for example by 90 ° in an arc. Such shafts are located, for example, in road curves.

Another advantageous embodiment is that three projections, each starting from a location on the edge of the template, unite in the middle of the template and each have walls on their end faces on the edge of the template. With this template, forked channels can be made in the shaft floors.

The distances between the openings of the projections are preferably different. This template can be used to produce sewage ducts that are connected to two or three ducts on the floor. Due to the different distances between the openings, there are different deflection angles for the waste water flows.

The lids are preferably provided with a shoulder offset inwards against the lid edge and projecting axially on the side opposite the curvatures. With the help of the heel, the covers are fixed on the cylinder cores. This makes it easier to build the mold for the production of the sewer shafts and to remove the parts inside the sewer shaft.

Further details, advantages and features of the invention result not only from the claims and the features to be extracted from them - individually and / or in combination - but also from the following description of a preferred exemplary embodiment.

Fig. 1

eine erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung zum Formen der Unterteile von Kanalisationsschächten in Draufsicht,

Fig. 2

eine Schnittdarstellung entlang der Linie A-B in Fig. 1,

Fig. 3a

Form für die Herstellung eines Gerinnes an einem monolithischen Schachtunterteil von oben,

Fig. 3b

die in Fig. 3a dargestellte Form von der Seite,

Fig. 4a

eine andere Form für die Herstellung eines Gerinnes an einem monolithischen Schachtunterteil,

Fig. 4b

die in Fig. 4a dargestellte Form von der Seite,

Fig. 5a

eine zusätzliche Form für die Herstellung eines Gerinnes an einem monolithischen Schachtunterteil,

Fig. 5b

die in Fig. 5a dargestellte Form von der Seite,

Fig. 6

eine aus zwei Abschnitten zusammensetzbare Schablone in auseinandergezogener Stellung,

Fig. 7

die Schablone gemäß Fig. 6 in montierter Stellung von vorne und

Fig. 8

die Schablone gemäß Fig. 7 in Seitenansicht.

Show it:

Fig. 1

a device according to the invention for forming the lower parts of sewer shafts in plan view,

Fig. 2

2 shows a sectional illustration along the line AB in FIG. 1,

Fig. 3a

Mold for the production of a channel on a monolithic manhole base from above,

Fig. 3b

the form shown in Fig. 3a from the side,

Fig. 4a

another form for the production of a channel on a monolithic manhole base,

Fig. 4b

the shape shown in Fig. 4a from the side,

Fig. 5a

an additional form for the production of a channel on a monolithic manhole base,

Fig. 5b

the form shown in Fig. 5a from the side,

Fig. 6

a template that can be assembled from two sections in an extended position,

Fig. 7

6 in the assembled position from the front and

Fig. 8

7 in side view.

A device is used to manufacture sewer shafts, in particular the lower parts of sewer shafts consisting of a lower part and further rings used, which can correspond with modifications of the device described in EP 0 489 302 A1. A device (10) for producing sewer shafts, in particular the lower parts of sewer shafts, has a hollow cylindrical shaped jacket (12) in which a hollow cylindrical shaped core (14) is arranged coaxially.

The shaped jacket (12) consists of side sleeves (16) having shaped jacket sections or sleeve mirrors (18) as well as shaped jacket segments (20) and (22) which are arranged so as to overlap to the extent that a shaped jacket (12) results in a closed shape.

So that the shaped jacket sections (18) and the shaped jacket segments (20) and (22) for forming the shaped jacket (12) can be fixed in position, clamping rings (24) and (26) are provided, which are formed by the shaped jacket sections (18) and the shaped jacket segments ( 20), and (22) protruding receptacles such as slotted brackets (28) and (30) can be introduced.

From the side sleeves (16) there are recess cores (32) which create a connection to a template (34) or casting mold which rests on the upper end face of the hollow cylindrical mandrel (14) and closes it in a lid-like manner.

Since the elements (18), (20) and (22) forming the shaped jacket (12) are positioned in position by the tension rings (24) and (26), no additional holding elements or toothed rings and pinions interacting with these are required to move the elements to be displaced relative to one another in such a way that the socket inserts describe the desired angles to one another.

As is particularly clear from the top view of the device (10) (FIG. 1), the angle shown, for example, of 180 ° between the opposite side sleeves (16) can be changed in that the shaped jacket sections to be referred to as the sleeve mirror (18) are rotated against each other, the clamping rings (24) and (26) forming guides. Depending on the rotation of the socket mirrors (18) relative to one another, the shaped casing segments (20) overlap more or less with the segment-shaped sections (36) and (38) starting from the socket mirrors (18) or with the shaped casing segments (20) to be designated as angled shaped sheets .

Fig. 1 illustrates that the central molded jacket segments (22) with respect to the jacket segment sections (36) and (38) or the interchangeable shaped sheets extending from the socket mirror (18) run inside. Nevertheless, the shaped jacket segments (22) only need a lower or upper clamping ring bracket (28) and (30) in their central area, which are generally provided with the reference numerals (40) and (42) in FIG. 1, without there is a risk that the segments (22) will tip away when filling the mold; because the segments (22) are supported on the outside by the segment sections (36) and (38) or by the shell segments (20).

The casting mold or template (34) is designed such that a channel is formed on the bottom of the lower part of the shaft. The shape or template (34) consists e.g. made of metal and has a circular rim (44). On one side of the template (34) is offset radially inward against the edge (44), a shoulder (46) is provided which is adapted to the inner diameter of the mandrel (14) so that the shoulder (46) with little play in the Cavity protrudes, while the template (34) with the annular surface between the edge (44) and shoulder (46) is supported on one end face of the hollow cylindrical mandrel (14). The circular edge (44) and the shoulder (46) are provided in the same manner in all embodiments of templates or casting molds. Therefore, these elements are provided with the same reference numerals in the embodiments of stencils shown in FIGS. 3 to 8.

The template (34) is designed in the form of a lid and has a projection (50) which runs in a straight line along a diameter line (48) and projects outwards on the side opposite the shoulder (46). The projection (50) extends to the Edge (44) and is adapted to the channel shape, ie it has a semi-cylindrical part (52), the longitudinal edges of which merge into essentially flat surface sections (54), each of which merges into angled, trough-shaped surface sections (56) which lead to the edge ( 44) are inclined. The surface sections (56) - also referred to as sloping surfaces - are in the form of a segment of a circle and their inclination is 1:20 in particular, the edge (44) with the template (34) resting on the forme cylinder (14) lower than the lower ends of the surface sections (54 ) lies. Walls (58) are provided on both ends of the projection (50), which face the recess cores (32) when the template (34) rests on the mold core (14).

When pouring concrete into the device (10), the template (34) forms a channel running over the bottom of the manhole base and inclined flat inclined surfaces between the edges of the bottom and the edges of the channel. After the concrete has hardened, the forme cylinder core (14) and the template (34) are removed from the interior of the manhole base. A monolithic shaft with a desired slope is available.

Different channel shapes can be produced using differently designed templates. 4a and b show a shape or template (60) which, like the template (34), has a circular edge (44) with a shoulder (46) offset radially inward relative to it. The template (60) also has the shape of a circular lid and has a protrusion (62) protruding to one side, which describes an arc which comprises a quarter circle. The projection (62) is composed of a section (64) with a semi-circular cross-section and a section (66) which has walls which each form a quarter of a truncated cone. Inclined, trough-shaped surfaces or inclined surfaces (68, 70) extend from the bases of the walls of section (66) and run towards the edge (44). The inclination of these surfaces, like that of surfaces (56), is 1:20.

Through the projection (62) a groove is created in the shaft floor through which Waste water is deflected by 90 ° along an arch. The template (62) has walls (72) on its end faces, which face the correspondingly set recess cores (32).

Another embodiment of a template is shown in FIGS. 5a and b. The template (74) according to FIGS. 5a, 5b also has the shape of a cover with a circular edge (44) and a shoulder (46) for fixing the position.

5a and b show a template (74) for a manhole base which has a forked channel. The template (74) or casting mold for the bottom of the manhole base, like the casting mold described above, is designed as a cover with a circular edge (44) against which a shoulder (46) is offset radially inwards. In the case of the completely assembled casting mold for the lower part of the shaft, the shoulder (46) projects into the interior of the hollow cylindrical forme cylinder (14) and thus fixes the template (74). A convex projection (76) protrudes from the side of the lid-shaped template (74) facing away from the shoulder (46) and has three sections (78), (80), (82), which are approximately in the center of the template (74) merge into one another and thus form a bifurcating bulge on one side of the template. The three sections (78), (80), (82) extend to the edge of the lid (44) and each have on the end faces walls (84) which, when the casting mold is mounted, ie when the template is placed on the forme cylinder (14) (74), recess cores (32) face each other if the device (10) is provided with three recess cores (32). The sections (78), (80), (82) have cross sections like the projections (50), (62) described above, the sections (78), (80), (82) or bulges in the center of the template through the Form a transition into one another with a larger cross-section. The centers (86), (88), (90) of the three end faces (78), (80), (82) are at different distances from one another. Trough-shaped surfaces (92), (94), (96) extend from the bases of the projections (78), (80), (82) and extend to the edge (44) and each incline towards the edge (44 ) so that the surfaces (92), (94), (96) close to the sections (78), (80), (82) opposite the edge (44) towards the centers the sections (78), (80), (82) have shifted levels. The slopes are especially 1:20.

The template (74) or casting mold creates a forked channel in the lower part of the shaft, which can be used to bring together wastewater streams that are to be combined from different directions in the shaft and to be passed on in a single channel.

The template (74) can also be used for manhole bases that only have two channel entrances. Depending on the directions in which the channels are brought together on the lower part of the shaft, two of the three partial channels can then be selected that are suitable for combining the wastewater flows.

Channels on the bottoms of shafts often have to be adjusted in their inclinations from one shaft opening to another to the respective inclination of the sewer pipes adjacent to the shaft. According to the invention, a template (98) is made available, which is shown in more detail in FIGS. 6 to 8 and consists of a first section (100), which can be used regardless of the slope of the channel bottom, and a second section (102), which is releasably attached to the first section (100) and its inclination is adapted to the desired inclination or the slope of the channel bottom. The template (98) is designed for a channel running along a diameter line of the circular shaft bottom and, in accordance with the template (34), contains the edge (44) and the shoulder (46). As with the template (34), flat surface sections (54) emanate from trough-shaped surface sections (56) whose shape is adapted to the bottom of the manhole base. The flat surface sections (54) are modeled on part of the two side walls of a channel, which makes up approximately half the height of the channel. The lower part of the channel is produced by means of the saddle-shaped section (102) when casting the lower part of the manhole. The section (102) is curved in accordance with the bottom of the channel and has a curvature with two straight longitudinal edges (104), which are placed on the ends (106) of the walls of the surface sections (54) in order to complete the template (98), ie to assemble it for the production of the casting mold. At one end of the section (102), a crescent-shaped wall (108) is inserted into the arch and connected to the saddle-shaped part. The other end of section (102) has no such crescent section. The section (100) has a wall (110), (111) at both ends, which protrudes beyond the ends (106) in an arc, for example semicircular, adapted to the curvature of the section (102), but by the thickness of the Walls having surface sections (54) is offset radially inwards.

A strip (112) is attached to the crescent-shaped wall (108) and projects beyond the inner concave edge of the wall (108). The placed on the outside of the wall (108), e.g. welded strip (112) extends approximately to the level that the longitudinal edges (104) have, and has a hole (114) near its free end into which a screw (116) is inserted. The distance in the middle between the outer and inner edge of the crescent-shaped wall (108) determines the slope that the channel has between the side sleeves.

The template (98) is assembled by placing the section (102) on the section (100). The longitudinal edges (104) of the section (102) lie on the ends (106) of the walls of the surface sections (54). The concave edge of the crescent-shaped wall (108) lies on the arch protruding from the ends (106), e.g. Semicircle, the wall (110). The end of the section (102) opposite the sickle-shaped wall (108) lies on the arch projecting over the ends (106), e.g. Semicircle, the wall (111). In the wall (110) there is a threaded hole (118) with which the hole (114) is aligned when the section (102) is mounted. By means of the screw (116) inserted into the hole (114), the strip (112) and thus the section (102) are attached to the section (100).

Fig. 7 shows the template (98) or shape in the assembled state from the front. In Fig. 8 shows the template (98) in the assembled state in a side view. The concave inner wall of the section (102) can have a reinforcement (122), as can be seen from FIG. 8. FIG. 8 also clearly shows the trough-shaped design of the surface sections (56), which have a point (124) approximately in the middle, which has a shorter distance from the section (102) than that to the walls (110), (111) adjacent surface areas.

For different channel inclinations, different sections (102) with different crescent-shaped walls (108) are required for the same shaft diameter. The distances (120) of these walls (102) are each adapted to the desired channel inclinations. The section (100) with the remaining part of the template (98) is independent of the channel slope and is used in connection with the section (102) required in each case.

The templates (60) and (74), like the template (98), are preferably formed in two parts, i.e. they have a section which is independent of the slope of the channel and a further section which is detachably connected to this section and each has a shape which produces the desired slope.

The further sections of the templates (60) and (74) are formed at their ends in the same way as section (102), i.e. the slope is created with a crescent-shaped wall, on which there is a fastening strip which is screwed onto the end faces of the part of the other sections intended for channel formation. The curvatures of the other sections of the templates (60) and (74) are adapted to the desired channel shape.

Claims (9)

1. Device (10) for forming manholes each comprising at least two connecting sleeves, in particular lower parts of manholes, with a mould casing (12) comprising sleeve inserts and a mould core (14) arranged therein, on one end face of which a template (34, 60, 74, 98), adapted to the shape of a channel in the base of the respective manhole, with an outwardly protruding projection (50, 62, 78, 80, 82), is arranged which comprises an exterior face adapted to the wall of the channel in the base of the shaft, characterised in that the projection (50) has a first portion (100) which at its base merges into the faces for the incline of the base of the shaft and a second cambered portion (102) which is adapted in a saddle shape to the incline of the channel base and is detachably connected to the first portion (100) .
2. Device according to claim 1, characterised in that the template (34, 60, 74) has a circular edge (44) and a collar (46) which is offset radially inwardly with respect thereto and can be inserted with minimal play into the hollow cylindrical moulded core (14).
3. Device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterised in that the second portion (102) has a camber adapted to the base of the channel, one end of which camber is connected to a sickle-shaped wall (108) carrying a rail (112) which can be screwed to the first portion (100).
4. Device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterised in that the first portion (100) has face portions (54) for reproducing the side walls of the channel which face portions (54) end roughly half way up the channel and in that on the part of the first portion (100) corresponding to the beginning and end of the channel respectively, walls (110, 111) are provided which protrude beyond the face portions (54) in an arcuate manner as supports for the second portion (102).
5. Device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterised in that the projection (50, 62) extends straight from one point on the edge (44) to another point of the edge (44) or extends from one point of the edge (44) of the template (34) in a round arc, preferably in a quarter circle, to another point of the edge (44) and has walls (72) on the end faces.
6. Device according to one or more of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that three projections (78, 80, 82), each extending from one point on the edge (44) of the template (74), join in the middle of the template (44) and, in each case, have walls (84) on their end faces at the edge (44).
7. Device according to claim 6, characterised in that the end faces of the projections (78, 80, 82) are arranged at different spacings from one another along the edge (44).
8. Device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterised in that the inclined faces (56, 68, 92, 94) have gradients to the edge (44) of 1:2.
9. Device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterised in that the inclined faces (56, 68, 92, 94) are trough-shaped in design.