EP0326892B1 - Upright cylindrical reinforced-concrete containers, especially for storing fluids - Google Patents

Abstract

An upright cylindrical container for storing fluids has a container wall made of prefabricated reinforced-concrete wall elements (5, 5'). The wall elements (5, 5'), which are flat on their outer faces (7) and curved on their inner faces (8), have recesses (9, 10) at their longitudinal edges. To form the container wall (2), in each case two wall elements (5, 5') are arranged overlapping one another with their longitudinal edges in such a way that the recesses (9, 10) of adjacent wall elements (5, 5') in each case form a cavity (13). Projecting ends (17, 18) of an annular reinforcement (16) reach into the cavity (13) and are jointed therein by overlapping. After sealing the joints (6', 6''), the cavities (13) are filled with hardening material, e.g. cement mortar. As a result, a secure, sealed connection of the wall elements to the container wall is achieved in a simple and economical manner. <IMAGE>

Description

The invention relates to a standing cylindrical container made of reinforced concrete, in particular for storing liquids, according to the preamble of patent claim 1.

Especially in agriculture and urban water management, containers with very different capacities are required, e.g. as a water or slurry tank, as a rainwater retention basin or for sewage treatment plants. Since such containers cannot be made to any desired height, there is only the possibility of grading over different diameters; depending on the useful content, these can vary between approx. 5.50 m and 25.00 m. There is often also the need to install partitions.

Such containers can be made of reinforced concrete on the spot, each of which requires its own formwork. It is also possible to build such containers out of concrete blocks, whereby reinforcements can also be inserted into the bed joints. In doing so, the cost of production can be reduced by the client's own contribution; Practice has shown, however, that due to improper installation and non-observance of the construction instructions, the containers often leak and expensive remedial measures are required. Problems with regard to the watertightness of such tanks are particularly evident in slurry tanks and sewage treatment plants in the groundwater area.

It is also known to produce the walls of such containers from prefabricated wall elements made of reinforced concrete, each of which extends over the full height of the container, placed alongside one another along the circumference of the container and - touching one another in vertical joints - by hardening Material, eg cement mortar, are connected to each other. Especially in this connection, a polygonal container has become known, in which the individual wall elements are provided on their longitudinal edges with mutually corresponding, outwardly directed recesses which, after assembly, each form an outwardly open cavity which can be closed off by formwork elements and which subsequently Cement mortar can be filled (DE-A 16 84 715).

It is also known to provide recesses on the edges of curved wall elements for the production of a circular cylindrical container and to assign these elements with their edges to one another in such a way that the recesses of adjacent wall elements each form a closed cavity which can also be subsequently poured with cement mortar (GB -A 2 183 269).

In general, too little is seen in the production of containers from prefabricated wall elements, the problem of the rational production of the wall elements themselves, which can be decisively influenced by their shape. A major problem is that e.g. for the production of differently curved wall elements, as are required for containers of different capacities, a large number of different formworks must be kept ready. The expenditure for the production of differently graded containers, as are required for the individual construction tasks, is therefore disproportionately large.

The invention has for its object to provide a way to with a minimum of formwork in the manufacture and labor on the site reinforced concrete container of the type mentioned with different contents and thus different To be able to manufacture diameters inexpensively and universally.

According to the invention, this object is achieved by the features of the characterizing part of patent claim 1.

Advantageous further developments result from the subclaims.

The advantage of the invention is, above all, that all wall elements are of the same design, that is, only one type of wall element needs to be manufactured, maintained and handled, and nevertheless closed cavities are formed at the edges, which can be filled directly with cement mortar.

Since the outer surfaces of the wall elements are flat and their inner surfaces are curved, they inevitably have a greater thickness along their longitudinal edges than along their longitudinal central axis. This has the further advantage that the recesses arranged in the region of the longitudinal edges can have comparatively large dimensions which, when two wall elements are arranged side by side and overlapping with one another with their longitudinal edges, form a correspondingly large cavity in which the ring reinforcement by means of simple overlapping can be encountered. Through the cement mortar filled into these cavities, the wall elements are then firmly and, above all, tightly connected to one another. By chamfering the joint surfaces of the wall elements towards the recesses forming the cavity, the pressure zone is widened and the inner lever arm of the reinforcement is enlarged, so that bending moments, which often occur from imperfections, can be absorbed.

The haunch-like thickening of the wall elements to theirs Longitudinal edges act at the same time as stiffening ribs and thus ensure the safety of the container wall against dents if the container is to be covered by a ceiling that can be driven on by heavy goods vehicles, for example. In the area of these thickenings there is also a very simple possibility of connecting ceiling elements to the container wall by means of oarlocks which protrude into the hardening material filling the cavities. As a result, simple formwork can also be used in this case, since the front formwork for the wall elements is not penetrated by the oarlocks.

Another advantage of the invention follows from the fact that the wall elements are delimited on the outside by a flat surface and on the inside by a curved surface. The wall elements for such a container therefore do not - as is known - have to be manufactured standing in closed formwork; due to their flat outer surfaces, they can be concreted lying on a flat surface between side formwork and face formwork running at right angles to it. If the height of the end formwork corresponds to the thickness of the wall elements and the upper edges of which are curved in accordance with the inner curvature of the container to be produced, then the inner surface of the wall elements can be removed in a particularly simple manner by pulling off the fresh concrete poured between these formworks by means of a straight screed guided along the upper edges of the end formwork respectively. This means that only the end formwork parts have to be replaced in order to produce wall elements with different curvatures for the production of containers with different diameters; the side formwork parts forming the recesses remain the same for the different diameters.

• Fig. 1 eine schematische Draufsicht auf einen Behälter nach der Erfindung,
• Fig. 2 einen Längsschnitt durch die Behälterwand entlang der Linie II-II in Fig. 1,
• Fig. 3 in schematischer Darstellung einen Horizontalschnitt durch die Behälterwand entlang der Linie III-III in Fig. 2,
• Fig. 4 in schematischer Darstellung den Einbau des letzten Wandelements bei der Herstellung eines Behälters,
• Fig. 5 das Detail V in Fig. 2 in größerem Maßstab,
• Fig. 6 im Querschnitt die einander zugewandten Längsränder zweier Wandelemente vor und
• Fig. 7 nach dem Zusammenfügen mit einem Horizontalschnitt durch den dabei im Bereich einer Fuge gebildeten Hohlraum,
• Fig. 8 das Detail VIII in Fig. 7,
• Fig. 9 eine teilweise Draufsicht auf einen mit einer Behälterdecke versehenen Behälter,
• Fig. 10 einen Schnitt durch die Behälterdecke entlang der Linie X-X in Fig. 9,
• Fig. 11 einen Schnitt durch eine Fuge zwischen den Deckenelementen entlang der Linie XI-XI in Fig. 9,
• Fig. 12 einen der Fig. 11 entsprechenden Schnitt durch eine andere Ausführungsform,
• Fig. 13 als Detail XIII in Fig. 9 einen Schnitt entlang der Linie XIII-XIII in Fig. 10,
• Fig. 14 einen Querschnitt durch eine Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Wandelementen nach der Erfindung,
• Fig. 15 einen Querschnitt durch den einen Längsrand eines Wandelementes mit der Seitenschalung in größerem Maßstab,
• Fig. 16 einen entsprechenden Querschnitt durch den anderen Längsrand des Wandelementes und
• Fig. 17 einen Längsschnitt durch die Vorrichtung entlang der Linie XVII-XVII in Fig. 14.

The invention is explained below with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawing. It shows

• 1 is a schematic plan view of a container according to the invention,
• 2 shows a longitudinal section through the container wall along the line II-II in FIG. 1,
• 3 shows a schematic representation of a horizontal section through the container wall along the line III-III in FIG. 2,
• 4 shows a schematic representation of the installation of the last wall element in the manufacture of a container,
• 5 shows the detail V in FIG. 2 on a larger scale,
• Fig. 6 in cross section the facing longitudinal edges of two wall elements in front and
• 7 after assembly with a horizontal section through the cavity formed in the region of a joint,
• 8 shows the detail VIII in FIG. 7,
• 9 is a partial plan view of a container provided with a container cover,
• 10 shows a section through the container ceiling along the line XX in FIG. 9,
• 11 shows a section through a joint between the ceiling elements along the line XI-XI in FIG. 9,
• 12 shows a section corresponding to FIG. 11 through another embodiment,
• 13 as detail XIII in FIG. 9, a section along the line XIII-XIII in FIG. 10,
• 14 shows a cross section through a device for producing wall elements according to the invention,
• 15 shows a cross section through the one longitudinal edge of a wall element with the side formwork on a larger scale,
• 16 shows a corresponding cross section through the other longitudinal edge of the wall element and
• 17 shows a longitudinal section through the device along the line XVII-XVII in FIG. 14.

A container 1 designed according to the invention, as shown schematically in Fig. 1 in plan and in Fig. 2 in vertical section, consists of a container wall 2, a container base 3 and optionally a container cover 4 (Fig. 9, 10).

The container wall 2 with the height H is made up of a number of Wall elements 5 formed, which are prefabricated as prefabricated reinforced concrete components, brought to the place where a container is to be erected, placed next to each other there and connected to each other in the area of their vertical joints. As can be seen above all from the schematic horizontal section of FIG. 3, the outside 7 of the wall elements 5 is made of flat partial surfaces 7 ', 7˝, 7'˝ and the inside 8 is curved in a circular arc according to the radius R. This configuration has the consequence that at a predetermined width B of the wall elements 5, their thickness d₂ at their longitudinal edges, that is to say in the region of the joints 6, is greater than their thickness d₁ corresponding to the static requirements in its central region.

The radius of curvature R of the curved inner surface 8 is selected as a function of the diameter D of the container 1 to be produced. In the ideal case, the radius of curvature R of the wall elements 5 corresponds exactly to that of the container to be produced, ie D / 2. However, in order not to have to implement all the radii corresponding to a narrow gradation of the useful contents, it is possible to produce containers with different diameters with three to four graded radii; the inner wall of the container then consists of a polygon made of arcs.

3 further shows, the wall elements 5 are provided on their longitudinal edges with recesses 9 and 10, which are each formed by a recess of the wall surface 7 and 8 in question. Thus, on the left edge of the wall element 5 in the illustration in FIG. 3, the recess 9 is formed by a recess of the outer surface 7, which in continuation of the inner surface allows only a comparatively narrow flange 11 to exist, on the right side by a recess of the curved one Inner surface 8 except for a narrow flange 12 which continues the outer surface 7. To prevent excessive thickening of the wall 2 in the region of the To avoid joints 6, the outer surface 7 is in the manner of a polygon from partial surfaces, in addition to an inner partial surface 7 'from two edge surfaces 7˝ on the left and 7'˝ on the right edge. This ensures that the flanges 11 and 12 run at least approximately parallel to a tangent to the joint axis M of the container wall 2 in this area and each form an approximately rectangular cavity 13 in the final state. In this cavity 13, the ring reinforcement is pushed to connect the wall elements 5 before it is filled with a hardening material, eg cement mortar.

This cross-sectional design of the wall elements 5, which resembles an elongated Z, simplifies the manufacture of the container, namely the closing of the container wall by inserting the last wall element in each case. This is shown schematically in FIG. 4. Here it is indicated in a horizontal section corresponding to FIG. 3 that the container wall 2 is closed except for the last wall element 5. This is inserted obliquely into the gap that is still present and folded in by simply pivoting about its longitudinal central axis 14 in the direction of the arrows 15. The special edge design of the wall elements 5 also makes it possible that the joints appearing in the inner or outer wall surface between adjacent wall elements are offset from one another by the width b of the flanges 11 and 12, as a result of which greater water resistance when any cracks occur in the Joint area is reached.

6 and 7 show enlarged cross sections through the respective edge areas of wall elements before (FIG. 6) and after the displacement (FIG. 7); as in Fig. 2, the reinforcement is also indicated here. Each of the wall elements 5 and 5 'is provided with a two-layer reinforcement 16, for example made of steel mesh. At the reinforcement 16 are in the edge area Reinforcement loops 17 and 18 connected, which protrude parallel to the flanges 11 and 12 into the respective recess 9 and 10, respectively. These reinforcement loops 17, 18 can consist of structural steel mats, which, however, are then only occupied on the side facing the flanges 11 and 12 with longitudinal bars in order to be able to insert the reinforcement loops 17 of one wall element 5 'between the reinforcement loops 18 of the other wall element 5 (Fig. 7). The reinforcement loops 17, 18 of adjacent wall elements are staggered in height to facilitate assembly.

Both in the area of the outer surface 7, and in the area of the inner surface 8, the joints 6 ', 6˝ between the adjacent wall elements are profiled in a certain way; the formation of these joints is shown in an enlarged cross section in FIG. 8. Thus, by an inclined merging of the joint surfaces 19, 20, the joint gap 6˝ is narrowed starting from the cavity 13, in order to widen again after widening 21 with subsequent constriction 22 to the outer surface 7 (23). This creates the possibility, after closing the joint gap 6˝ at its narrowest point, e.g. by means of a strip 24 of roofing felt or the like, from the respective outer surface 7 a quick-setting mortar 25 can be introduced. The joint 6 'in the region of the inner wall surface 8 is formed in an analogous manner.

6 and 7 can also be used to explain how partition walls can be built into a container designed according to the invention or how walls can be built on the outside. For this purpose, it is only necessary to shorten the inner leg 11 or the outer leg 12 of one of the wall elements 5, 5 'colliding in a joint 6 by the thickness of the wall to be provided and, at this point, before casting the cavity 13 with mortar wall to put.

To erect a container 1 according to the invention, a base plate 27 forming the container base 3 is first concreted in place on a gravel level 26 (FIG. 2), optionally after the interposition of a separating film. On this base plate 27, which is provided with a reinforcement 28, the wall elements 5 are placed with the interposition of a layer of leveling mortar 29 and held in their upright position by means of suitable supports. The base area of the wall elements 5 is then secured by side brackets 30, which are optionally concreted onto the base plate 27 after application of an adhesion promoter (FIG. 5). The brackets 30 are connected to the base plate 27 by a stirrup reinforcement 31. To increase the tightness in the area of the construction joints, a coat of paint 32 can be applied subsequently.

The design of the lower connection of the wall elements 5 to the sole plate 27 shown in FIG. 5 is not the only possible embodiment. It is also possible to form a joint by setting the wall elements in a corresponding recess in the base plate, or it is possible to connect the base of the container to a base plate in the form of a frame corner that is to be subsequently produced in a rigid position.

How such a reinforced concrete container can be provided with a container ceiling 4 in a particularly advantageous manner is shown in FIGS. 9 to 13. In this case, a central support 40 is clamped into the sole plate 3, which is provided with a head widening 41 (FIG. 10). Triangular ceiling elements 42 with their slender end 43 are placed on this head widening 41 and, like the wall elements 5, as prefabricated reinforced concrete components are formed (Fig. 9). At its wider end 44, the ceiling elements 42 are exactly as wide as the wall element 5, so that their total number corresponds to the number of wall elements 5. As can be seen above all in FIG. 9, the ceiling elements 42 are offset by half a width in relation to the wall elements 5, so that the longitudinal central axes 45 of the ceiling elements 42 are each in register with the joint axes 46 of the wall elements 5. This has the advantage that the ceiling elements 42 can be fixed relative to the container wall 2 by dowels 47, which each engage in the grouting concrete 48 in the joint 6 between two wall elements 5 (FIG. 13).

The ceiling elements 42 themselves are constructed and constructed as prefabricated reinforced concrete components in accordance with the structural requirements. Due to the cross-sectional thickening of the wall elements 5 in the area of the joints 6, a rib-like reinforcement of the container wall 2 is achieved, which results in excellent protection against buckling, so that a container ceiling designed in this way can be easily provided with earth loads and also by heavy vehicles such as e.g. SLW 60 can be driven on.

11 shows a cross section through a joint between two ceiling elements 42 according to one embodiment of the invention. The ceiling elements 42, which abut one another over their entire height in a radial joint 49, are reinforced with a longitudinal reinforcement 50 and - at the edge - with a stirrup reinforcement 51. A layer 52 of in-situ concrete is applied over the ceiling elements 42 and is likewise provided with a transverse reinforcement 53 at least in the area of the joint 49.

Another embodiment for the formation of a blanket is shown in FIG. Here are the ceiling elements 42 'in recessed their upper area adjacent to joint 49 (54). Correspondingly, a longitudinal reinforcement 50 ', brackets 51', 51 'and a transverse reinforcement 53' are arranged in these edge areas of the ceiling elements 42 '. In-situ concrete 55 is then introduced into the recesses 54. To improve the thrust transmission between the ceiling elements 42 'and the grouting concrete 55, the vertical walls of the recesses 54 can be profiled, for example serrated.

A device for producing wall elements according to the invention is shown schematically in FIGS. 14 to 17; 14 shows a cross section and FIG. 17 shows a longitudinal section through this device. The device basically consists of a vibrating table 60 known per se with a flat support surface on which side formwork parts 61 and 62 and end formwork parts 63 and 64 can be arranged. First, the formwork parts 63 and 64 are positioned and connected to the vibrating table 60. The ring reinforcement 16 is then laid out on the vibrating table 60. The side formwork parts 61, 62 are provided with recesses 65 with which they can be attached to the loops 17 and 18, respectively. The recesses 65 have the same center distance as the reinforcement bars of the ring reinforcement 16, but are somewhat wider than the diameter of the reinforcement bars forming the loops to accommodate any tolerances and to enable easier threading. If, as shown in the drawing, the outside of the wall elements 5 consists of partial surfaces 7 ', 7˝ and 7'˝, below the side formwork parts 61, 62 wedges 70 are arranged.

After threading and fixing the side formwork parts 61, 62 on the vibrating table 60, the concrete for a wall element 5 is applied and compacted. The surface of the wall element 5, that of its curved inner surface 8 corresponds to, is pulled off by means of a straight screed 66, which is pulled along the upper edges of the end formwork parts 63 and 64.

After the concrete has hardened, the side formwork parts 61, 62 are detached from the concrete by means of laterally arranged spindles 67. These spindles 67 cooperate with nuts 68 which are welded to the side formwork parts 61, 62. The frictional forces which arise when the side formwork parts 61, 62 are pressed off in the direction of the arrows 69 (FIG. 14) are essentially absorbed by the reinforcement of the flanges 11, 12 and thus prevent them from being torn off. After the two side formwork parts 61, 62 have been extended, the hardened wall element 5 can be lifted off the vibrating table 60.

Claims (10)

1. An upright, cylindrical, reinforced-concrete container (1), especially for storing fluids, with a container base (3), a container wall (2), and if necessary a container cover (4), wherein the container wall (2) comprises prefabricated reinforced-concrete wall elements (5) which extend over its total height, which wall elements are bounded on their external faces (7) by plane surfaces and on their internal faces (8) by surfaces which are recessed inwards, in such a way that the thickness (d₂) of the wall elements (5) at their longitudinal edges which form the joints (6) is greater than the thickness (d₁) at their longitudinal central axis, and wherein the wall elements (5) are arranged adjacent to one another in contact at vertical joints and are attached to each other by means of a settable material, e.g. cement mortar, placed in hollows (13) running along the joints, characterised in that the internal faces of the wall elements (5) are formed in the shape of a continuous curve, especially in the form of a circular arc, that recesses (9, 10) are formed by offsetting the external face (7) at one longitudinal edge and the internal face (8) at the other longitudinal edge by more than half the thickness (d₂), and that the wall elements (5) are arranged with respect to each other to form the container wall (2) with their longitudinal edges overlapping in such a way that the recesses (9, 10) of adjacent wall elements (5) each form a hollow (13) which can be filled with settable material.

2. A container according to Claim 1, characterised in that the external faces (7) of the wall elements (5) are formed from partial faces (7′, 7˝, 7′˝) which butt together to form a polygon.

3. A container according to Claims 1 or 2, characterised in that the width (b) of the recesses (9, 10) measured circumferentially around the container (1) is greater than the thickness (d₂) of the wall elements (5) at their longitudinal edges.

4. A container according to any one of Claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the side faces (19, 20) of the wall elements (5) which form the joints (6) are chamfered down over at least a part of their width to form the recesses (9 or 10).

5. A container according to any one of Claims 1 to 4, with a container cover, characterised in that the container cover (4) comprises cover elements (42) which are wedge-shaped in plan view, the narrow ends of which rest on a central support and the wide ends of which rest on the container walls (2).

6. A container according to Claim 5, characterised in that the cover elements, the width of which corresponds to that of the wall elements (5), are disposed displaced by half their width with respect to the wall elements (5) and are attached to each of the latter by a locking element which extends into a hollow filled with settable material between the wall elements (5).

7. A container according to Claims 5 or 6, characterised in that a levelling layer of concrete cast in situ, which is reinforced at least in the region of the joint, is disposed above and/or below the joint region between the cover elements.

8. A process for manufacturing wall elements suitable for the fabrication of a container according to Claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the wall elements (5) are manufactured lying on a plane support between the side shuttering and the front shuttering which form the recesses, wherein the upper edges of the front shuttering are curved, corresponding to the curvature of the internal face of the container, and the internal faces (8) of the wall elements (5) are produced by skimming off the surface of the unset concrete placed between these shuttering elements by means of a straight skimming board which is guided along the upper edges of the front shuttering.

9. A process according to Claim 8, characterised in that a vibrating table is used as the plane support.

10. A process according to Claim 8, characterised in that a vibrating beam is used for skimming off the upper surface of the unset concrete.

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