EP0754347B1 - Dispositif de protection contre les surcharges thermiques destine a un petit moteur electrique expose a des contraintes thermiques elevees - Google Patents

Dispositif de protection contre les surcharges thermiques destine a un petit moteur electrique expose a des contraintes thermiques elevees Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0754347B1
EP0754347B1 EP95915749A EP95915749A EP0754347B1 EP 0754347 B1 EP0754347 B1 EP 0754347B1 EP 95915749 A EP95915749 A EP 95915749A EP 95915749 A EP95915749 A EP 95915749A EP 0754347 B1 EP0754347 B1 EP 0754347B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
protective device
carrier unit
bimetallic element
heat
motor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP95915749A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0754347A1 (fr
Inventor
Rögelein Dieter
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ROEGELEIN, DIETER
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ROEGELEIN DIETER
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Publication of EP0754347A1 publication Critical patent/EP0754347A1/fr
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Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H81/00—Protective switches in which contacts are normally closed but are repeatedly opened and reclosed as long as a condition causing excess current persists, e.g. for current limiting
    • H01H81/02—Protective switches in which contacts are normally closed but are repeatedly opened and reclosed as long as a condition causing excess current persists, e.g. for current limiting electrothermally operated

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a protective device against heat overload Small electric motor for high thermal resilience, especially equipped with a stator made of permanent magnet material and one an electrically powered one Winding rotor and used as a short-term motor for motor vehicle equipment parts, the one switched into the motor feed circuit Interrupter contact, the contact at certain by a bimetallic element Warming - preferably suddenly, e.g. like a snap disk - Is actuated opening, which on a one-part or multi-part support part is held, the interrupter contact, the bimetallic element and the supporting part are arranged in electrical series connection and the bimetal element and the support part with respect to the respective electrical resistance and the respective Heat storage capacity have certain relationships to each other and spatially roughly parallel overlapping assignment to each other are arranged.
  • Small electric motors of the type in question are used in large numbers for various additional functions built into motor vehicles, e.g. For the automatic raising and lowering of windows, the adjustment of the seats, for roof adjustment, convertible top drives, drive motors for pneumatic and hydraulic pumps and antenna drives.
  • These as DC permanent magnet motors Trained drives work with a nominal operating voltage of 12 or 24 volts, they are usually a gearbox with one downstream high gear ratio. Although for the most part only for short periods of time are turned on, they must be considerable during these short periods Provide services.
  • an initial blocking current at 15 V of 42.3 to 52.6 A can be switched off in times of less than 12 seconds.
  • an initial blocking current of 25.4 to 31.6 A must be smaller at times 45 seconds.
  • an initial blocking current at 15 V of 26.4 to 32.4 A should be switched off in times greater than 2 seconds to be sufficient long operating time when the window lift system is difficult to operate to be able to ask.
  • the protective device must therefore in the entire ambient temperature range and Operating voltage range currents from 15.7 to 52.6 A when blocked as Master switching currents and at the same time have sufficiently long operating times in the Provide heavy-duty operation close to the closing moment.
  • the supply of heat or the obstruction of heat discharge can moreover take place by means of components which are connected in a heat-conducting manner and / or are arranged in a heat-radiating assignment and which serve as heat stores.
  • the bimetallic element is made by thermally conductive connection with a brush or its then metallic Cooker heat supplied, the order of magnitude of the heating of the Corresponds to the armature winding of the motor and therefore with high heat load the motor, for example in the event of a short circuit, supplies heat to the bimetal element, if its previously in the switch-on phase, in particular in the phase of Open contacts after the motor has been switched on specifically, generated electricity heat drops, so that a quick return of the bimetallic element in the Switch-on position of the interrupter contact and thus the renewed current application the engine is decelerated.
  • An example of this is the DE-PS 2811503 referenced.
  • GB-PS 936801 mentions that a parallel to a bimetallic element electrical connection specifically resistive and thus heat-storing is formed and thus as a heating element for the bimetallic element serves. This should be done over an extended section, at least engages over a portion of the bimetallic element and with it intimately Contact is there. From this, the idea of a heat transfer can rather be conceived Remove heat conduction and less by heat radiation.
  • the switch-on or hold times increase, the pause times remain approximately in the subsequent switching cycles constant and then increase slightly when there is feedback in the control loop achieved by increasing the ambient temperature at the protective device becomes. This increases the ratio of the on-time to the off-time, so that there is increasing heating in the winding or in the carbon brush.
  • the invention has for its object that by means of a protective device of the type in question achievable protective effect by limiting the brush and winding temperature increases even in the event of long-term malfunction To improve the overload condition of the motor while maintaining the Service life of the motors in the entire service temperature range and To improve the operating voltage range for the usable short-term overload condition.
  • This object is achieved according to the invention by dimensioning the conditions the electrical resistance values and the heat storage capacity of the bimetal element alone and trained as a large-area heat radiator and arranged support part such that the on a first by normal switching on of the motor and the first heat overload cut-off have a certain holding time If the overload continues and the current is constant, switch on following cycles increasingly shorter duty cycle result. If the Despite the falling blocking current, the motors have almost constant duty cycles until the feedback due to an increase in the ambient temperature at the installation site the protective device takes effect and a thermal equilibrium state is achieved with a low duty cycle (ED).
  • ED low duty cycle
  • the ratios of the heat storage capacity - the resistance materials provided here are in the range of the specific heat capacity of 0.095 kcal / kg grd. and 0.114 kcal / kg grd. and with weights from 8,600 kp / m 3 to 7,900 kp / m 3 , so that the masses are at least approximately comparable in relation to their heat storage capacity - and the choice of the ratio of the electrical resistance and the mass of the support part as heat storage to electrical resistance and mass of the bimetal is decisive for the fact that in the switching cycles following the first hold time (first switch-on interval), with continuously sustained overload, the switch-on times become increasingly shorter until thermal equilibrium is reached and the ratio of switch-on duration to switch-off duration increases.
  • This behavior in particular means that a steady state of equilibrium can be achieved without overshoot of the brush and the winding temperatures, and preferably in such a way that after the first, as long as possible holding time, the following pause time is less than or equal to 15 seconds and the second holding time is not less than 0.7 seconds.
  • the limitation of the switch-off duration in this scope is recommended because the user of the motor or the object driven thereby tends to assume a real error.
  • the switching temperature difference (Delta K) between the effectively reached final temperature of the bimetal switching element and the fixed switch-back temperature of the switching element increases with increasing current load the superimposed hysteresis of the thermal feedback.
  • the specifically dimensioned Heat storage or the aforementioned relationships of heat storage capacity and electrical resistance of the support part as a heat store on the one hand and the bimetallic element can be achieved with one and the same Protective device covered a wide range of different sensitivities can be.
  • the current / time tripping characteristics that can be achieved are very high steep and result in long first holding times at high current and high ambient temperature as well as high current sensitivity in the holding time range of 30 Sec., For short-term engines with high temperature change speeds and therefore low time constants are very important (e.g. at ambient temperature -40 ° C and the lower limit voltage of 9 V).
  • Such a protective device of the type according to the invention is particularly notable characterized in that the support part as a flat heat radiator essentially parallel to the surface and partially covering a small distance from at least one of the two broad areas of the bimetallic element is arranged so that the Ratio of the heat storage capacity (masses) of the supporting part to the bimetallic element greater than / equal to 1.5: 1 to 3.5: 1 and that the ratio of the electrical Resistance from support to bimetal element greater than / equal to 4: 1 to 8: 1 is.
  • the support part is as Heat storage adapted to the aforementioned conditions, and defined zones for the determination by specific shaping of certain areas electrical resistance and thermal conductivity.
  • a zone can be formed in particular by one or more cutouts be formed in the support member.
  • the support part can be formed in one or more parts and adjacent to only extend one of the wide areas of the bimetallic element, but it can also between corresponding sections, the bimetal element on both sides of the Take up wide areas between them.
  • the bimetal element is in the form of a broad surface Snap disc element with an inwardly projecting root for fixing provided on a fastening end that is cranked out of the plane of the supporting part and with one of the fixed contact parts carried by a terminal lug outwardly protruding tongue formed by the heat-dependent Snap movement of the bimetallic element moving contact part carries.
  • the support part has a root and adjoining areas of the bimetallic element large covering web and two at its end areas striving in the same direction, one of which is shorter in the to the other end of the leg, bent, then the fastening end flows, while the other leg is longer formed in a connecting lug transforms.
  • the protective device can be a bimetallic element and Have support part enveloping housing, which by means of the individual parts and Connections holding base is closable.
  • the exemplary protective device shown overall with 1 in the three representations has a base 2, which all components of the protective device holds and serves to attach a housing, not shown, which in plugged-in state of the components with the exception of those emerging from the base Includes lugs 4 and 5.
  • a flat support part 3 passes through the base 2 and opens out into the Terminal lug 4, and a further terminal lug 5 passes through the base 2 and carries the fixed at an angled to the other flag 4 end portion Contact part 7 of a total of 6 breaker contact.
  • a movable contact part 8 is on an outward on the fixed contact part 7 to directed tongue 9 of a bimetallic element designed as a snap disk 10 attached, which in turn over a root area protruding into the interior of the ring 11 with a fastening end 12 which is bent to the ring plane of the supporting part 3 is fixed thereon, for example by spot welding or the like. permanent attachment.
  • the support part 3 is in its area facing away from the connecting lug 4 with a Web 15 provided, the transverse to the longitudinal direction of the connecting lugs 4 and 5 over the width of the flat bimetallic element 10 partially covering its wide area is guided and projecting legs at right angles at both ends, one of which 13 directed towards the terminal lug 5 and then bent at right angles opens into the cranked fastening end 12, while the other Leg 14 passes straight into the connecting lug 4.
  • the support part 3 forms a heat store, between the and the bimetallic element 10 heat transfer takes place primarily through heat radiation.
  • the bimetallic element 10 is in terms of its mass and its electrical Resistance specified much further than the supporting part, so that this as Heat storage with regard to its heat storage capacity or its mass and its electrical resistance to be adapted to the bimetal element can, in a ratio of 1.5: 1 to 3.5: 1 in terms of mass Support part as heat storage to mass bimetal element and in the ratio of 4: 1 to 8: 1 with regard to the electrical resistance of the supporting part to electrical Resistance bimetallic element.
  • a corresponding adjustment option lets through recesses and recesses, as in the web 15 of the support part 3 16 shown.
  • Rod-shaped zones 17 and 18 determine in addition to the electrical resistance also the thermal conductivity, so that the heat flow from the support member 3 over the cranked fastening end 12 in the root region 11 of the bimetal element 10 or vice versa can also be influenced.

Landscapes

  • Protection Of Generators And Motors (AREA)
  • Thermally Actuated Switches (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Dispositif de protection (1) contre la surcharge thermique d'un petit moteur électrique soumis à une forte sollicitation thermique, en particulier équipé d'un stator constitué par un aimant permanent et d'un rotor avec un enroulement alimenté, utilisé comme moteur à courte durée de fonctionnement pour l'entraínement de pièces d'équipement de véhicules automobiles,
    ayant un contact d'interruption (6) branché dans le circuit d'alimentation du moteur, qui est ouvert par un élément bimétallique (10) pour une certaine élévation de température, notamment de manière brusque par exemple à la manière d'une bague à déclic, cet élément bimétallique étant porté par une pièce de support (3) en une ou plusieurs parties,
    le contact d'interruption (6), l'élément bimétallique (10) et la pièce de support (3) étant branchés électriquement en série et,
    l'élément bimétallique (10) et la pièce de support (3) ayant entre eux des rapports déterminés pour la résistance électrique respective et la capacité calorifique respective, et étant prévus dans l'espace de manière à se chevaucher de façon parallèle sensiblement sur une grande surface,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le dimensionnement des rapports des valeurs des résistances électriques et des capacités calorifiques du seul élément bimétallique (10) et de sa pièce de support (3) montée et réalisée comme radiateur thermique de grande surface, est tel que les cycles de commutation qui font suite à une première durée de maintien définie par le branchement normal du moteur et la première coupure de surcharge thermique, si la surcharge persiste et sous un courant constant, donnent une durée de branchement qui raccourcit de plus en plus, et ces cycles de commutation ont un rapport entre la durée de coupure et la durée de branchement qui augmente.
  2. Dispositif de protection selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce qu'
    en cas de surcharge persistante du moteur, la suite des cycles de commutation après la durée de maintien atteint un état de chauffage final stable, sans sur-oscillations de la température des balais et de l'enroulement.
  3. Dispositif de protection selon la revendication 2,
    caractérisé en ce qu'
    à l'état stable, la durée de branchement n'est pas inférieure à 0,7 seconde et la durée de coupure est inférieure ou égale à 15 secondes.
  4. Dispositif de protection selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3,
    caractérisé en ce que
    la pièce de support (3) est un radiateur thermique plat, disposé essentiellement parallèlement et de façon à recouvrir partiellement, à faible distance, au moins l'une des deux surfaces larges de l'élément bimétallique (10),
    le rapport entre la capacité calorifique, c'est-à-dire la masse de la pièce de support (3), et celle de l'élément bimétallique (10) est supérieur/égal à 1,5:1 jusqu'à 3,5:1, et
    le rapport entre la résistance électrique de la pièce de support (3) et de celle de l'élément bimétallique (10) est supérieur/égal à 4:1 jusqu'à 8:1.
  5. Dispositif de protection selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4,
    caractérisé en ce que
    la pièce de support (3) comporte grâce à une mise en forme choisie, certaines zones (17, 18) avec des plages définies déterminant la résistance électrique et la conductivité thermique de la pièce de support (3).
  6. Dispositif de protection selon la revendication 5
    caractérisé en ce que
    la forme des zones est réalisée par une ou plusieurs découpes (16).
  7. Dispositif de protection selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6,
    caractérisé en ce que
    l'élément bimétallique (10) est un élément à bague à déclic de grande surface, ayant une racine (11) en saillie vers l'intérieur pour être fixée à une extrémité de fixation (12) repliée à partir du plan de la pièce de support (3) et une pièce de contact fixe (7), portée par l'une des broches de branchement (5), avec une languette (9) en saillie vers l'extérieur qui porte la pièce de contact (8) commandée par le mouvement à déclic, dépendant de la température, de l'élément bimétallique (10).
  8. Dispositif de protection selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7,
    caractérisé en ce que
    la pièce de support (3) comporte une branche (15) qui recouvre sur une grande surface la racine (11) et les zones adjacentes de l'élément bimétallique (10), et porte, à ses zones d'extrémité, deux branches en saillie (13, 14) dirigées dans la même direction, dont l'une (13) courte, est repliée vers l'autre extrémité de branche (14) pour arriver sur l'extrémité de fixation (12) alors que l'autre branche (14) plus longue, se poursuit par une broche de branchement (4).
  9. Dispositif de protection selon l'une des revendications 6 à 8,
    caractérisé en ce qu'
    une découpe (16) est réalisée dans la branche (15) de la pièce de support (3).
  10. Dispositif de protection selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9,
    caractérisé en ce que
    les broches de branchement (4, 5) sont maintenues dans un socle (2) qui reçoit un boítier entourant l'élément bimétallique (10) et la pièce de support (3).
EP95915749A 1994-04-05 1995-04-05 Dispositif de protection contre les surcharges thermiques destine a un petit moteur electrique expose a des contraintes thermiques elevees Expired - Lifetime EP0754347B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4411712A DE4411712A1 (de) 1994-04-05 1994-04-05 Schutzeinrichtung gegen Wärmebelastung eines Elektrokleinmotors für hohe thermische Belastbarkeit
DE4411712 1994-04-05
PCT/DE1995/000464 WO1995027302A1 (fr) 1994-04-05 1995-04-05 Dispositif de protection contre les surcharges thermiques destine a un petit moteur electrique expose a des contraintes thermiques elevees

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0754347A1 EP0754347A1 (fr) 1997-01-22
EP0754347B1 true EP0754347B1 (fr) 1998-01-14

Family

ID=6514668

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP95915749A Expired - Lifetime EP0754347B1 (fr) 1994-04-05 1995-04-05 Dispositif de protection contre les surcharges thermiques destine a un petit moteur electrique expose a des contraintes thermiques elevees

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US5854584A (fr)
EP (1) EP0754347B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH09511091A (fr)
AT (1) ATE162337T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE4411712A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1995027302A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN100356652C (zh) * 2005-09-26 2007-12-19 常熟市天银机电有限公司 单相交流电机的过载保护器
DE202007000363U1 (de) * 2007-01-10 2008-05-15 Brose Fahrzeugteile Gmbh & Co. Kommanditgesellschaft, Hallstadt Motorische Stellvorrichtung
CN104734571A (zh) * 2015-03-16 2015-06-24 常熟市天银机电股份有限公司 节能型一体式单相交流电机起动保护器
CN105551904A (zh) * 2016-01-22 2016-05-04 江苏常胜电器股份有限公司 双电压电流内置式保护器
DE202018103227U1 (de) 2018-06-08 2019-09-11 Inter Control Hermann Köhler Elektrik GmbH & Co. KG Elektromotor
JP7063253B2 (ja) * 2018-11-30 2022-05-09 横河電機株式会社 フィールド機器

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE738071C (de) * 1941-10-15 1943-08-02 Siemens Ag Thermischer Ausloeser fuer elektrische Schalter
FR1254240A (fr) * 1959-04-15 1961-02-17 Texas Instruments Inc Interrupteur thermostatique perfectionné
DE1947186C3 (de) * 1969-09-18 1975-02-06 Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-Gmbh, 6000 Frankfurt Bimetallauslöser
US3959762A (en) * 1974-12-09 1976-05-25 Texas Instruments Incorporated Thermally responsive electrical switch
US4086558A (en) * 1976-02-09 1978-04-25 Texas Instruments Incorporated Motor protector and system
US4399423A (en) * 1982-03-29 1983-08-16 Texas Instruments Incorporated Miniature electric circuit protector
GB2133931B (en) * 1983-01-21 1987-01-07 Otter Controls Ltd Electric motor protection switches
GB8301624D0 (en) * 1983-01-21 1983-02-23 Otter Controls Ltd Electric switches
EP0128978B1 (fr) * 1983-06-20 1987-09-02 Texas Instruments Holland B.V. Thermostat

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE59501292D1 (de) 1998-02-19
ATE162337T1 (de) 1998-01-15
EP0754347A1 (fr) 1997-01-22
US5854584A (en) 1998-12-29
WO1995027302A1 (fr) 1995-10-12
JPH09511091A (ja) 1997-11-04
DE4411712A1 (de) 1995-10-12

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