EP0753209A1 - Bipolar metallic plate for high-temperature fuel cells and method for manufacturing the plate - Google Patents
Bipolar metallic plate for high-temperature fuel cells and method for manufacturing the plateInfo
- Publication number
- EP0753209A1 EP0753209A1 EP95913874A EP95913874A EP0753209A1 EP 0753209 A1 EP0753209 A1 EP 0753209A1 EP 95913874 A EP95913874 A EP 95913874A EP 95913874 A EP95913874 A EP 95913874A EP 0753209 A1 EP0753209 A1 EP 0753209A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- bipolar plate
- chromium
- enriched
- alloy
- bipolar
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0204—Non-porous and characterised by the material
- H01M8/0206—Metals or alloys
- H01M8/0208—Alloys
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0204—Non-porous and characterised by the material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0204—Non-porous and characterised by the material
- H01M8/0206—Metals or alloys
- H01M8/0208—Alloys
- H01M8/021—Alloys based on iron
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0204—Non-porous and characterised by the material
- H01M8/0223—Composites
- H01M8/0228—Composites in the form of layered or coated products
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/241—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with solid or matrix-supported electrolytes
- H01M8/2425—High-temperature cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/2432—Grouping of unit cells of planar configuration
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the invention relates to a metallic bipolar plate for HT fuel cells.
- the HT fuel cell Solid Oxide Fuel Cell - SOFC
- the fuel H 2 , CH ⁇ CO, etc
- the oxidizing agent O2 air
- an oxygen-conducting solid electrolyte Y -stabilized ZrC> 2
- ⁇ J etrennt "be i operating temperature of the cell (/ 950 ° C) are passed from the cathode side through the electrolyte oxygen ions react at the anode with the fuel. Because of the charge balance, an electron current flows in the same direction.
- the electrolyte must be coated with porous, catalytically active electrode materials.
- the anode fuel side
- the cathode oxygen side
- the voltage that can be tapped from a single cell is quite low ( ⁇ 1V).
- the bipolar plate or the interconnector
- the bipolar plate in the SOFC concepts discussed today is a few millimeters thick and, in most concepts, forms not only the gas-supplying connecting link between the individual cells, but also that load-bearing component of the cell (eg EP 0338 823 AI).
- the bipolar plate must among other things have the following properties:
- bipolar plate material LaCrC ⁇ -based ceramics and metallic HT materials.
- the latter have recently been favored for better toughness, better electrical conductivity and easier machinability. Due to the required hot gas corrosion resistance, only Cr 2 C> 3 or Al 2 C> 3-forming HT materials are suitable. Alloys based on NiCr or NiCrAl differ due to the too high coefficient of thermal expansion (& 20-10 k compared to «10 • 10 ⁇ 6 k 1 for electrolyte / electrodes) according to the current state of knowledge in general.
- FeCrAl (ODS) alloys typically composition. In% by weight: Fe base, 20Cr, 5A1, 0.5Y 2 O 3 ) which form protective A ⁇ C ⁇ cover layers when used with HT.
- the alloys (2) have the great advantage of low coefficients of thermal expansion, but the relatively rapidly forming thicker Cr 2 O 3 layers tend to flake off, so that the gas flow in the gas ducts can be impaired during long-term operation.
- a mixture of CrNi alloy and 50 to 85% by weight (based on the mixture) of oxide ceramic is specified as "connecting material" for solid oxide fuel cells in DE 42 42 570 A1, which ceramic ceramic should consist in particular of silicon oxide or aluminum oxide and Setting the thermal expansion coefficient serves special execution details and their possible Behaviors as a bipolar plate, however, are not evident.
- the aim of the invention is therefore a bipolar plate for HT fuel cells which, despite its excellent corrosion resistance and adapted thermal expansion, shows neither problems with the electrode contact nor with regard to the gas flow.
- the bipolar plate according to the invention developed for this purpose consists of a chromium oxide-forming alloy with an aluminum-enriched surface layer in the area of the gas guiding surfaces.
- Chromium, NiCr, FeCr or chromium-nickel alloys are suitable as bipolar plate materials, but chromium-iron alloys are particularly preferred.
- the aluminum enrichment layer should have a thickness between 20 and 200 ⁇ , in particular 50 to 100 ⁇ .
- Fig. 1 shows a section through between anode and
- FIG. 2 shows a detail of the bipolar plate shown in FIG. 1 during manufacture
- Fig. 3 shows the stacking sequence of bipolar plates with electrodes and between
- FIG. 3 corresponds to a fuel cell of known design with flat cell stacks (which are shown in disassembled form for illustration).
- Fig. L shows the bipolar plate 1 made of a Cr-based alloy (eg Cr-5Fe-lY 2 0 3 additives in wt.?) Or (for t ⁇ 900 ° C) made of a high-chromium Fe-based alloy (eg ferritic steel with 20-35 * 3-.% CY).
- the typical shape (plate a few millimeters thick with gas channels) can be produced in the conventional way by machining a sheet metal material or using a near-net-shape production (near-net-shape process) using powder metallurgical methods (MIM, WPP).
- the webs 2 on the plate, which form the side walls 3 of the gas channels 4 are initially made slightly higher than is desirable in the final shape in order to take into account the final removal of the Al enrichment layers on the electrode contact surfaces of the webs (end faces).
- the bipolar plate thus prepared is subjected to a conventional alitation process.
- the plate is in a powder mixture of an inert material (e.g. Al 2 ⁇ 3.90%), a chloride / fluoride activator (e.g. NaCl or NH 4 C1, 5%) and Al powder (5%) at elevated temperature (600 -1300 ° C) stored under a protective gas atmosphere (eg argon).
- Typical alitation conditions would be 3 hours at 1000 ° C.
- an Al-enriched zone is formed on the surfaces of the plate (end faces of the webs and inner surface or walls of the gas channels).
- a Cr-based alloy is present, e.g. intermetallic phases of the type Cr ⁇ Alg or Cr ⁇ Alg.
- This Al-enriched layer is removed from the end face of the webs by simple mechanical machining (for example grinding), the initial oversizing (A + B) of which corresponds to the thickness (B) of the material to be ground, which is greater should be as the depth of penetration of the aluminum in the Al-enriched zone.
- Has composition of the base material eg Cr-based or FeCr-based alloy
- the bipolar plate thus produced forms the desired layer on Cr 2 on the surface of the webs (ie at the contact points with the electrodes) ⁇ 3 base, while AI2O3 is formed on the walls of the gas channels.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE4410711 | 1994-03-28 | ||
DE4410711A DE4410711C1 (en) | 1994-03-28 | 1994-03-28 | Metallic bipolar plate for HT fuel cells and method of manufacturing the same |
PCT/DE1995/000432 WO1995026576A1 (en) | 1994-03-28 | 1995-03-25 | Bipolar metallic plate for high-temperature fuel cells and method for manufacturing the plate |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0753209A1 true EP0753209A1 (en) | 1997-01-15 |
Family
ID=6514051
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP95913874A Withdrawn EP0753209A1 (en) | 1994-03-28 | 1995-03-25 | Bipolar metallic plate for high-temperature fuel cells and method for manufacturing the plate |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5733682A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0753209A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH09510822A (en) |
AU (1) | AU2108495A (en) |
DE (1) | DE4410711C1 (en) |
NO (1) | NO964108D0 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1995026576A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (86)
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US5942348A (en) * | 1994-12-01 | 1999-08-24 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Fuel cell with ceramic-coated bipolar plates and a process for producing the fuel cell |
ES2131344T3 (en) * | 1994-12-01 | 1999-07-16 | Siemens Ag | FUEL CELL WITH BIPOLAR PLATES COATED WITH CERAMICS AND ITS MANUFACTURE. |
DE19546614C2 (en) * | 1995-12-13 | 1998-12-17 | Forschungszentrum Juelich Gmbh | Oxidation-resistant, chromium oxide-forming alloy |
DE19547699C2 (en) * | 1995-12-20 | 2000-01-13 | Forschungszentrum Juelich Gmbh | Bipolar plate with selective coating |
DE19605086C1 (en) * | 1996-02-12 | 1997-06-26 | Siemens Ag | High-temperature fuel cell and from such existing high-temperature fuel cell stacks |
DE19609133C1 (en) * | 1996-03-08 | 1997-09-04 | Siemens Ag | Bipolar plate arrangement for high-temp. fuel-cell stack |
DE19609813C1 (en) * | 1996-03-13 | 1997-07-10 | Forschungszentrum Juelich Gmbh | Long life high temperature fuel cell interconnector |
DE19610318C1 (en) * | 1996-03-15 | 1997-11-20 | Siemens Ag | Chromium@ alloy substrate stabilised by siliciding |
DE19650704C2 (en) * | 1996-12-06 | 2000-09-14 | Forschungszentrum Juelich Gmbh | Connection element for fuel cells |
DE19721638C1 (en) * | 1997-05-23 | 1998-12-24 | Mtu Friedrichshafen Gmbh | Fuel cell electrolyte matrix with short-circuit prevention |
EP0889536A1 (en) * | 1997-07-03 | 1999-01-07 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Bipolar metallic plate for high-temperature fuel cell stack |
DE19735854C2 (en) * | 1997-08-19 | 2002-08-01 | Daimler Chrysler Ag | Current collector for a fuel cell and method for its production |
AUPO897897A0 (en) * | 1997-09-05 | 1997-09-25 | Ceramic Fuel Cells Limited | An interconnect device for a fuel cell assembly |
DE19749004C2 (en) * | 1997-11-06 | 2002-04-25 | Forschungszentrum Juelich Gmbh | Manufacturing process for an electrically conductive connection between a ceramic and a metallic component |
DE19757318C1 (en) * | 1997-12-23 | 1999-02-25 | Forschungszentrum Juelich Gmbh | Fuel cell with electric heating |
DE19757320C2 (en) * | 1997-12-23 | 2001-08-02 | Forschungszentrum Juelich Gmbh | Electrode with good carbon monoxide compatibility for fuel cells |
DE19805674C1 (en) * | 1998-02-12 | 1999-09-02 | Forschungszentrum Juelich Gmbh | Bipolar plate locally coated with a rare metal as connecting element for fuel cells |
DE19812498C1 (en) * | 1998-03-21 | 1999-06-17 | Forschungszentrum Juelich Gmbh | Controlling electrode catalyst suspension application onto a support during fuel cell electrode production |
DE19815796C2 (en) * | 1998-04-08 | 2000-06-08 | Forschungszentrum Juelich Gmbh | Fuel cell stack with a bipolar plate having a porous wall |
DE19825872C1 (en) * | 1998-06-10 | 1999-10-07 | Forschungszentrum Juelich Gmbh | High temp. fuel cell with thermoelectric elements |
DE19841919C2 (en) * | 1998-09-12 | 2003-08-14 | Forschungszentrum Juelich Gmbh | Method for producing a fuel cell module |
DE19961496B4 (en) * | 1998-12-21 | 2008-01-24 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha, Toyota | Separator for a fuel cell and method for producing the separator |
DE19905564C2 (en) * | 1999-02-11 | 2001-06-28 | Forschungszentrum Juelich Gmbh | Fuel cell stack with feed and / or discharge channels |
DE19907369C2 (en) * | 1999-02-20 | 2002-12-12 | Forschungszentrum Juelich Gmbh | Power source with cells connected in series |
DE19908989C2 (en) * | 1999-03-03 | 2001-07-05 | Forschungszentrum Juelich Gmbh | Fuel cell with modular, flexible gas distribution structures |
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DE19915227A1 (en) * | 1999-04-03 | 2000-10-05 | Forschungszentrum Juelich Gmbh | Fuel cell for using a liquid-solid electrolyte membrane has areas including acid for proton penetration of the membrane and alkaline solution for OH ion penetration of the membrane from the cathode side. |
US6303245B1 (en) | 1999-08-27 | 2001-10-16 | Plug Power Inc. | Fuel cell channeled distribution of hydration water |
US6261711B1 (en) | 1999-09-14 | 2001-07-17 | Plug Power Inc. | Sealing system for fuel cells |
US6383677B1 (en) | 1999-10-07 | 2002-05-07 | Allen Engineering Company, Inc. | Fuel cell current collector |
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TW201101565A (en) * | 2009-06-19 | 2011-01-01 | Univ Yuan Ze | Method for preparing surface modification coating of stainless-steel bipolar plates |
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US8840833B1 (en) * | 2010-11-30 | 2014-09-23 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Iron coated chromium powder and SOFC IC made therefrom |
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-
1994
- 1994-03-28 DE DE4410711A patent/DE4410711C1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1995
- 1995-03-25 AU AU21084/95A patent/AU2108495A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1995-03-25 WO PCT/DE1995/000432 patent/WO1995026576A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1995-03-25 EP EP95913874A patent/EP0753209A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1995-03-25 US US08/716,211 patent/US5733682A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-03-25 JP JP7524906A patent/JPH09510822A/en active Pending
-
1996
- 1996-09-27 NO NO964108A patent/NO964108D0/en unknown
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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See references of WO9526576A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO1995026576A1 (en) | 1995-10-05 |
JPH09510822A (en) | 1997-10-28 |
AU2108495A (en) | 1995-10-17 |
DE4410711C1 (en) | 1995-09-07 |
NO964108L (en) | 1996-09-27 |
NO964108D0 (en) | 1996-09-27 |
US5733682A (en) | 1998-03-31 |
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