EP0747547B1 - Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Tafel o.dgl. mit Bau- und Akustikeigenschaften und danach erhaltene Tafel - Google Patents

Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Tafel o.dgl. mit Bau- und Akustikeigenschaften und danach erhaltene Tafel Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0747547B1
EP0747547B1 EP96450012A EP96450012A EP0747547B1 EP 0747547 B1 EP0747547 B1 EP 0747547B1 EP 96450012 A EP96450012 A EP 96450012A EP 96450012 A EP96450012 A EP 96450012A EP 0747547 B1 EP0747547 B1 EP 0747547B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
skins
skin
glue
panel
order
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP96450012A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0747547A1 (de
Inventor
Alain Fournier
Bruno Pelouze
Pierre Tiefenbach
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Aerospatiale Matra
Original Assignee
Airbus Group SAS
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Airbus Group SAS filed Critical Airbus Group SAS
Publication of EP0747547A1 publication Critical patent/EP0747547A1/de
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Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/82—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to sound only
    • E04B1/84—Sound-absorbing elements
    • E04B1/86—Sound-absorbing elements slab-shaped
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
    • E04C2/34—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts
    • E04C2/36—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts spaced apart by transversely-placed strip material, e.g. honeycomb panels
    • E04C2/365—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts spaced apart by transversely-placed strip material, e.g. honeycomb panels by honeycomb structures
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B2001/742—Use of special materials; Materials having special structures or shape
    • E04B2001/748—Honeycomb materials
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24149—Honeycomb-like
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24273—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including aperture
    • Y10T428/24322—Composite web or sheet
    • Y10T428/24331—Composite web or sheet including nonapertured component

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a panel or analogous to structural and acoustic properties and more precisely to a sandwich type structure formed by a honeycomb core coated on both faces, having both resistance to loads capacities important and acoustic attenuation.
  • a process of this kind is described in document US-A-5,037,498.
  • the invention is obviously susceptible applications in any other area where is necessary or desirable to use a sandwich panel structure combining lightness, great mechanical resistance and acoustic properties.
  • turboprop aircraft pose problems sound insulation of the interior passenger compartment, in particular against noise and vibrations generated by engines, propellers, aerodynamic noise, etc ...
  • the invention aims precisely to propose a new type of panel suitable for the production of passenger cabin partitions.
  • partitions must necessarily be structural elements, that is to say capable of supporting loads or efforts, in particular normally in terms of partitions, which can be very large. They must indeed contain, on the hold side, baggage in the event of an aircraft crash, or resist abrupt depressurization of the cabin or hold.
  • these partitions must have an aspect, cabin side aesthetic, that is to say being decorated in accordance with the rest of the cabin.
  • Structural panels intended to reduce for example the effects of a crash have no noise processing properties.
  • sandwich type panels formed of a core in particular honeycomb, flanked, on one side, by a metallic foil perforated and, on the other side, an unperforated metal sheet, used for their noise attenuation properties, for example as coatings in certain locations in the turbine engine nacelle to absorb at least partially the sound energy of high speed gas flows.
  • the invention aims to propose a new type of panel likely in particular to reconcile the most severe requirements in terms of lightness, rigidity and mechanical resistance.
  • the two skins are made of fabrics of fibers of glass impregnated with polyetherimide resin.
  • the two skins are made up of the same number of folds, but advantageously can have a different number, such a distribution asymmetrical skins on either side of the central core allowing reduce the mass and cost of the panel, without affecting its flatness, due to the multiphase manufacturing of the panel, i.e. separate consolidation of elements of the panel before cooking the whole.
  • This is how the skin non-perforated may have a number of plies, three for example, less than that, for example four, of the perforated skin, the number of folds being directly related to the forces likely to apply to the panel.
  • the coating of epoxy adhesive is applied in the form of a thin film of very low surface mass and the polymerization cycle involves a rise in temperature to a first level of sufficient value and duration to cause the glue to flow without as much to significantly initiate its polymerization, so as not to obstruct skin perforations, then at a second level of value and duration sufficient to carry out said polymerization.
  • the subject of the invention is also the panel obtained in accordance with the above process, such a panel being for example dimensioned, shaped and provided with border elements, inserts and other arrangements for the construction of fuselage bulkhead elements. aircraft.
  • Such partition elements have been found to have excellent acoustic attenuation properties for frequencies above 500 Hz and resistance to heavy loads normally applied to the partition.
  • a panel according to the invention with a surface of 1.5 m 2 withstood forces of the order of 900 daN.
  • the perforated face of such a partition can be easily treated aesthetically, either by dyeing the bulk of the resin the skin, with a relief surface appearance, for example a granita, obtained at molding, either by thermo-sheathing a coating such as a perforated decorative film, either by applying such a coating or acoustically textile transparent.
  • Figure 1 we have schematically shown a sandwich panel seen on the edge and comprising a central core with an open honeycomb structure 1, flanked by and on the other side of a skin, namely a 2-ply lower skin and a skin upper multiply 3.
  • each skin 2,3 is made up of several pleats each formed from a fabric of impregnated synthetic or mineral fibers of a thermoplastic resin and each skin is consolidated before assembly sandwich.
  • a fabric of prepreg fibers is draped according to several layers or folds superimposed on a suitable flat surface.
  • the assembly is compacted at an appropriate temperature according to the nature of the fibers and resin so as to obtain a rigid self-supporting skin.
  • Such a operation commonly called consolidation, is in itself well known to skilled in the art and there is no need to give further details.
  • type E glass fibers will be used impregnated with 30 to 35% polyetherimide resin. More precisely still, as particularly suitable fibers and resin, there may be mentioned, on the one hand, the E glass fiber fabrics known in the trade under the designation "7781" and, on the other hand, the polyetherimide resin called commercially "ULTEM” ® manufactured by GENERAL ELECTRIC.
  • the terms "superior” and “inferior” having in fact no practical significance since the final sandwich can be used in any position in space, is further, in accordance with the invention, provided, after consolidation, with a plurality of identical holes 4 normally passing through the thickness of the skin.
  • the proportion, in total area of the skin 3, of the voids or holes 4 is around 10 to 25% and the diameter of holes 4 is around 0.5 to 1.5 mm and more particularly still 1 mm for a percentage of voids of the order of 23%. It is also preferable that the diameter of the holes is greater than or equal to the thickness of the skin.
  • the distribution of the holes is uniform over the entire surface.
  • the skins 2 and 3 are advantageously made from the same fibers and resin and, according to another characteristic of the invention, comprise a different number of folds, that of the perforated skin 3 being for example higher than that of unperforated skin 2.
  • the non-perforated skin 2 has three folds: 2a, 2b, 2c and the perforated skin 3 has four: 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d.
  • the skins 2,3 are assembled, by bonding, to the core 1.
  • This is, in general, a honeycomb structure open along an axis perpendicular to the median plane of the soul and, in particular consists of a honeycomb structure, for example made of paper aramid fibers such as that known commercially as "NOMEX” ®.
  • each skin 2, 3 is coated with an appropriate epoxy adhesive, applied as evenly as possible.
  • the adhesive will be applied by spraying, but preferably it will consist of a thin film of very low surface mass, of the order of 70 g / m 2 for example. More particularly still, the adhesive film called SCOTCH-WELD® AF 163-2U manufactured by the company 3M is remarkably suitable. It should be noted that this adhesive is self-extinguishing and that, preferably, an adhesive having this property will be used.
  • the 1,2,3 parts of the sandwich are superimposed on a tray heating press and subjected to a cooking cycle for the purpose of adhesive polymerization.
  • the polymerization cycle is operated at constant pressure, around 1 bar or a little more, and bringing the temperature to a first level 5, around 80 ° C, then at a second level 6, around 130 ° C, before going down to a temperature of the order of 50 ° C at which the pressure is removed and the panel is demolded.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a cycle of the above type, during which the bearing 5 temperature at 80 ° C is maintained for 30 minutes and the level 6 at 130 ° C for 60 minutes, a pressure of 1.2 bar being maintained throughout cycle.
  • the temperature of the first stage 5 and the duration thereof determined to be sufficient to cause the glue to flow without and significantly initiate the polymerization phase.
  • the glue will liquefy and at the level of the perforated skin holes the film will break and the glue material will clump together to form a meniscus at the skin 3 - core 1 interface and on the around each hole 4.
  • the second temperature level 6 it is carried out at a temperature and for a sufficient time to allow polymerization total.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a panel produced according to the stacking diagram of the figure 1.
  • the panel will be directly shaped and dimensions of the partition or partition element to be obtained, for example for separate the hold and passenger areas of a turboprop aircraft.
  • the number of folds of each will be determined according to the nature and location of the partition to be carried out, a laser clipping of the skins will be carried out, then possibly folding and sinking. Likewise, the honeycomb will be machined, crimped and cut.
  • the faces to be glued on the skins will be sanded, dusted, degreased and coated or coated with a suitable epoxy adhesive film.
  • the three components of the sandwich will then be put in place in a mold, and supplemented by border elements, reinforcement, inserts etc ...
  • the mold will then be placed between the plates of a heating press to undergo said polymerization cycle of the glue or adhesive.
  • the panels, partitions or partition elements thus obtained can be flat or curved or have flat parts forming an angle between them.
  • the method of the invention makes it possible to obtain consolidated skins, ready for assembly, plywood, each ply having a thickness of 0.25mm and a surface mass of 450 g / m 2 for a ply non-perforated and 350 g / m 2 for a perforated ply, the fiber fabrics being made of E glass, a surface mass of 300 g / m 2 , with a thickness of 20/100 of a millimeter, weave satin 8, with a number of warp threads of 22 and weft threads of 20, while the resin is of the polyetherimide type.
  • Consolidation of the skins before assembly makes it possible to produce asymmetrical panels having one face reinforced with more folds than the other side.
  • the technique of the invention makes it possible to remove such a fold on the less face solicited, which lowers the mass of the assembly and the cost.
  • sandwich panel surfaces remain perfectly flat despite the asymmetrical distribution of skins.
  • the thickness of the core 1 is directly linked to the frequency spectrum that one wishes to attenuate.
  • the thickness of the core 1 will typically be of the order of twenty millimeters.
  • the diameter of the holes 4 it is fairly closely related to the percentage vacuum in the perforated skin, it being understood that the pair of these two parameters (diameter of the holes and percentage of vacuum) can change in function of the acoustic characteristics or properties of any elements decorative coverings which could be provided on the perforated skin.
  • panels, partitions or other products obtained in accordance to the process of the invention comply with standard FAR 25 ⁇ 853 (criteria for Fire / Smoke / Toxicity) applicable to commercial aircraft, in particular due to the choice for the skins of a polyetherimide resin.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Claims (16)

  1. Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Platte oder dergleichen mit strukturellen und akustischen Eigenschaften des Sandwich-Typs, die aus einem Kern mit offener Zellenstruktur (1) gebildet ist, der an seinen beiden Flächen beschichtet ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es darin besteht:
    eine erste und eine zweite Haut (2, 3) durch Wärmeschrumpten und pressen unter geeigneten Druck- und Temperaturbedingungen aus wenigstens zwei Mineral- oder Kunstfasergewebe-Lagen, die mit einem thermoplastischen Harz imprägniert sind, herzustellen,
    in einer der Häute (2, 3) Perforationen (4) mit einem Durchmesser in der Größenordnung von 0,5 bis 1,5 mm mit einem Zwischenraumverhältnis auf der Oberfläche der Haut in der Größenordnung von 10 bis 25 % herzustellen,
    auf eine der Flächen jeder Haut nach der Vorbereitung eine Epoxidklebstoffbeschichtung aufzubringen,
    ein Sandwich zu bilden, das den Kern mit offener Zellenstruktur (1) mit den beiden Häuten (2, 3) auf ihren gegenüberliegenden Flächen umfaßt, wobei die Klebstoffbeschichtungen mit dem Kern in Kontakt sind;
    dann das Sandwich nach dem jeweiligen Abschluß der Polymerisation des Klebstoffs unter Temperatur-, Druck- und Zeitdauerbedingungen, die jegliche selbst teilweise Zerstörung der Perforationen der perforierten Haut (3) vermeiden, wärmezupressen.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Häute (2, 3) aus Glasfasergeweben, die mit Polyetherimid imprägniert sind, gebildet sind.
  3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Häute (2, 3) jeweils eine unterschiedliche Anzahl von Lagen besitzen.
  4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Klebstoffbeschichtung ein Dünnfilm mit sehr geringer flächenbezogener Masse ist.
  5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Klebstoff ein selbstentspannender Klebstoff ist.
  6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 4 oder 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Klebstoffilm der mit SCOTCH-WELD® AF 163-2U bezeichnete Film der Firma 3M ist.
  7. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 4 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Polymerisationsschritt gemäß einem Zyklus ausgeführt wird, der einen Temperaturanstieg auf eine erste Stufe mit einem Wert und einer Dauer, die für das Fließen des Klebstoffs ausreichend sind, ohne seine Polymerisation in erheblicher Weise auszulösen, und dann auf eine zweite Stufe mit einem Wert und einer Dauer, die ausreichen, um seine Polymerisation auszuführen, umfaßt.
  8. Verfahren nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die erste Temperaturstufe während einer Dauer In der Größenordnung von 30 Minuten aufrechterhalten wird und die zweite Temperaturstufe während einer Dauer in der Größenordnung von 60 Minuten aufrechterhalten wird.
  9. Platte oder dergleichen, die gemäß dem Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8 erhalten ist.
  10. Platte nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Kem mit Zellenstruktur Wabenform (1) hat.
  11. Platte nach Anspruch 9 oder 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie eine nicht perforierte Haut (2) aus drei Lagen und eine perforierte Haut (3) aus vier Lagen umfaßt, wobei jede Lage eine Dicke von 0,25 mm besitzt und aus Glasfasern des Typs E gebildet ist, die mit Polyetherimidharz imprägniert sind.
  12. Platte nach einem der Ansprüche 9 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die perforierte Haut (3) Perforationen mit einem Durchmesser in der Größenordnung von 1 mm enthält, wobei der Zwischenraum-Prozentsatz in der Haut in der Größenordnung von 23 % liegt.
  13. Platte nach einem der Ansprüche 9 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Harz wenigstens einer der Häute (2, 3) in der Masse getönt ist.
  14. Platte nach einem der Ansprüche 9 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die sichtbare Fläche wenigstens einer der Häute (2, 3) durch Wärmeumhüllung mit einem perforierten oder nicht perforierten Zierfilm beschichtet ist.
  15. Platte nach einem der Ansprüche 9 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die sichtbare Fläche wenigstens einer der Häute (2, 3) mit einem akustisch durchlässigen oder undurchlässigen Textilerzeugnis beschichtet ist.
  16. Platte nach einem der Ansprüche 9 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die sichtbare Fläche wenigstens einer der Häute (2, 3) ein reliefartiges, insbesondere granitartiges Oberflächenaussehen aufweist.
EP96450012A 1995-06-08 1996-06-05 Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Tafel o.dgl. mit Bau- und Akustikeigenschaften und danach erhaltene Tafel Expired - Lifetime EP0747547B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9507020A FR2735166B1 (fr) 1995-06-08 1995-06-08 Procede de fabrication d'un panneau ou analogue a proprietes structurale et acoustique et panneau ainsi obtenu
FR9507020 1995-06-08

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0747547A1 EP0747547A1 (de) 1996-12-11
EP0747547B1 true EP0747547B1 (de) 2000-04-19

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EP96450012A Expired - Lifetime EP0747547B1 (de) 1995-06-08 1996-06-05 Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Tafel o.dgl. mit Bau- und Akustikeigenschaften und danach erhaltene Tafel

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US5888610A (de)
EP (1) EP0747547B1 (de)
CN (1) CN1078844C (de)
CA (1) CA2178148C (de)
DE (1) DE69607783T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2147908T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2735166B1 (de)

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CN1078844C (zh) 2002-02-06
FR2735166A1 (fr) 1996-12-13
DE69607783T2 (de) 2000-11-23
CA2178148C (fr) 2008-01-29
EP0747547A1 (de) 1996-12-11
US5888610A (en) 1999-03-30
CN1141866A (zh) 1997-02-05
ES2147908T3 (es) 2000-10-01
DE69607783D1 (de) 2000-05-25
CA2178148A1 (fr) 1996-12-09
FR2735166B1 (fr) 1997-08-29

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