EP1157372B1 - Verfahren zur herstellung einer schalldämmenden platte mit widerstandschicht mit struktureigenschaften und zugehöriger platte. - Google Patents

Verfahren zur herstellung einer schalldämmenden platte mit widerstandschicht mit struktureigenschaften und zugehöriger platte. Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1157372B1
EP1157372B1 EP00993660A EP00993660A EP1157372B1 EP 1157372 B1 EP1157372 B1 EP 1157372B1 EP 00993660 A EP00993660 A EP 00993660A EP 00993660 A EP00993660 A EP 00993660A EP 1157372 B1 EP1157372 B1 EP 1157372B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
layer
acoustic
properties
fibres
structural
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP00993660A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1157372A1 (de
Inventor
Robert Andre
Alain Porte
Hervé Batard
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Airbus Operations SAS
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Airbus Operations SAS
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Publication of EP1157372A1 publication Critical patent/EP1157372A1/de
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/172—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using resonance effects
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T156/00—Adhesive bonding and miscellaneous chemical manufacture
    • Y10T156/10—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor
    • Y10T156/1052—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor with cutting, punching, tearing or severing
    • Y10T156/1056—Perforating lamina

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an acoustic attenuation panel more particularly intended for at least partial absorption of the sound energy of gas flow at high speed.
  • the invention will be described in its application to the production of panels attenuation of the noise generated in particular by aircraft turbine engines, in certain locations of the nacelle, for example at the entrance and at the exit of the fan channel, but it is understood that the invention is likely applications in any other environment where necessary or desirable to use a panel type structure combining lightness, great mechanical resistance and acoustic properties.
  • the panel according to the invention is of the well-known type consisting of sandwich comprising an alveolar structure of the flanked honeycomb type, aerodynamic vein side, an acoustically resistive layer and, on the side opposite, a rear reflector.
  • the honeycomb structure can be simple, i.e. with a single resonator or with a single-layer or multiple cellular core, that is to say with superimposed resonators or with a cellular core formed of several superimposed layers separated or not by septa.
  • the acoustically resistive layer has a dissipative role. When the wave sound passes through it, viscous effects occur which transform partially the acoustic energy in heat.
  • the alveolar structure which behind the resistive layer traps this sound wave thanks to the cells which behave like waveguides perpendicular to the surface of said layer, the wave reflecting on the rear reflector of the panel.
  • such a panel must, because of its environment, withstand severe conditions of use. In particular, he must not present any risk of delamination of the resistive layer even in the presence of strong depression and must be resistant to erosion or abrasion as well as corrosion, have good electrical conductivity and be able to absorb the energy of a mechanical impact.
  • Such a panel must also and of course have properties sufficient structural in particular to receive and transfer efforts aerodynamic, inertial and those related to the maintenance of the nacelle, towards the nacelle / engine structural connections.
  • the surface condition of the resistive layer must finally satisfy the aerodynamic requirements of the environment.
  • Such a panel includes a honeycomb flanked on one side by a acoustic resistive layer consisting of a rigid and thin mesh of material composite and, on the other side, a reflector.
  • Such a structure has the advantage of good control of the percentage of open area of the resistive layer due to the fact that said mesh is formed of orthogonal wicks of fibers for example of carbon delimiting openings between them, the size of which can be adjusted during the process impregnating the fibers with a thermosetting resin and then hardening of the resin, the fabric being subjected to shaping under pressure and under temperature in order to obtain said rigid and thin mesh.
  • the resistive layer thus obtained also exhibits good structural strength and finally has the advantage of being a component monolayer.
  • This layer resistive has a strong acoustic non-linearity which makes its surface impedance varies significantly with the acoustic level.
  • the grazing flow will produce a phenomenon of narrowing of the air passage sections in the holes.
  • the acoustic resistance of this layer will also depend on the speed of this grazing flow.
  • the resistive layer provides a frequency window of efficiency limited, as well as low resistance to erosion.
  • the resistive layer is formed of two components, namely, a layer structural, honeycomb side, and a microporous layer on the surface.
  • the structural layer is formed of a fabric of carbon fibers with relatively wide meshes defining an opening rate of about 30% of the total surface of the layer.
  • the surface microporous layer is a fine mesh fabric of fibers mineral or synthetic or a metallic fabric, acting as a shock absorber acoustic.
  • the panel includes a resistive layer on the surface, two nests superimposed bees separated by a resistive layer, called a septum, usually microporous and a reflector.
  • Such an arrangement makes it possible to obtain panels whose exposed face to aerodynamic flows and which is defined by the tissue association metallic / metallic perforated sheet, has both good properties acoustic and good structural properties.
  • the metal sheet is first prepared then pierced before being put in place and shaped on the assembly, also carried out, of the honeycomb structure, the reflector and the metallic fabric.
  • the shape of the pre-perforated sheet will cause local deformation of parts of the sheet and therefore of the holes located in these parts. These deformations are likely to significantly modify the area of the holes and therefore the rate of local porosity of the perforated sheet, thus causing inhomogeneity of the porosity of the sheet, detrimental to its effectiveness in terms of attenuation acoustic.
  • the invention aims to overcome the various drawbacks of these techniques known by proposing a method of manufacturing attenuation panels acoustic of the honeycomb structure flanked, on the one hand, by a reflector and, on the other hand, an acoustically resistive layer with two components acoustic property and structural property respectively, allowing to obtain panels with complex shapes, in particular with evolving curvatures can be important and in particular of monobloc panels of form general annular with or without splint, such as those intended for entry and nacelle fan channel output, presenting both very good mechanical properties and optimal acoustic properties.
  • the method of the invention makes it possible to obtain an acoustic layer resistive with remarkable acoustic and structural properties, in particular the effectiveness of the acoustic attenuation due to the very good homogeneity of the porosity rate of said acoustically resistive layer, which can be defined precisely.
  • said layer is given to structural property the porosity required by the choice of wire spacing at weaving, in the case of a fabric, the flexibility of the latter allowing to fit the mold shapes without substantial deformation of the mesh of the tissue.
  • the adjustment of the spacing of the son allows to precisely adjust the porosity rate.
  • said layer is given to structural property the porosity required by drilling said layer after autoclave cooking.
  • Drilling is performed to precise diameters and in a workpiece shape and rigid, porosity control is perfectly ensured.
  • the layer with structural properties consists of several plies of crossed threads, the plies being on either side of the layer to acoustic property.
  • the subject of the invention is also the panels obtained in accordance to the above process.
  • the panel is in one piece, annular without splint or with a single splice and is made using a symbolized mold at M in FIG. 1, of shapes and dimensions appropriate to those of the panel to obtain and on which the layers will be draped, wound or wrapped successive of the panel.
  • the first of these layers is a layer with structural property 1a, on which will then be placed a layer with acoustic property 1 b, the assembly 1a-1b forming the two components of a so-called layer 1 acoustically resistive, on which a structure will be placed alveolar 2, simple as illustrated or multiple as mentioned above.
  • the layer with structural property 1a is formed from wires pre-impregnated with a thermoplastic resin or thermosetting suitable.
  • yarn is meant yarn, fiber, wicks under form of ribbon of square or rectangular section, of carbon, glass, "Kevlar", or other mineral or organic, natural or synthetic fibers.
  • the acoustic property layer 1b is formed from a very fine fabric of carbon, glass, "Kevlar” or other mineral fibers or organic, natural or synthetic, dry or prepreg.
  • the honeycomb structure 2 is for example a paper of aramid fibers such than that known commercially as "NOMEX”.
  • the layer to be structural property constituted by a fabric draped over the mold M, or by wires deposited by winding or wrapping, is produced, then polymerized by autoclave cooking.
  • This open surface rate is advantageously of the order of 30% of the exposed surface of layer 1a.
  • the perforations 4 produced for this purpose in layer 1 a have preferably a ratio of the diameter to the thickness of the layer 1 a greater than 1 to reduce the harmful effects of acoustic non-linearity.
  • the perforations 4 are produced by various mechanical means, by laser or EDM.
  • the layer 1a After perforation of the holes 4, the layer 1a still being in place on the mold M, the acoustic property layer 1b is put in place, with possible interposition of an adhesive layer 5, then the honeycomb structure 2 is put in place with possible interposition of a second adhesive layer 6 and finally the reflector 3.
  • a second polymerization by autoclave cooking can be after layers 1b and 5 have been put in place, then a third polymerization by autoclave cooking is carried out after placement of the layers 2 and 3, a crosslinking adhesive being advantageously interposed between layers 2 and 3. Finally, the mold M is removed to release the panel finished.
  • the choice of adhesives 5, 6 and their installation methods, as well as the choice of fabric for layer 1b and the polymerization methods are determined so as to obtain an open surface rate after bonding in the layer 1b, corresponding to the desired rate, that is to say giving the resistive layer 1 the required non-linearity factor.
  • FIG. 2 is similar to that of FIG. 1, except that the layer with structural property 1'a has the layer acoustically two-component resistive 1 'is made from wicks of deposited fibers along a weft of fabric, namely warl wicks 7 and wicks of frame 8, the mesh thus produced defining passage openings 9 ( Figure 3) rectangular or square, constituting about 30% of the surface of the layer has it.
  • the layer with structural property 1'a has the layer acoustically two-component resistive 1 'is made from wicks of deposited fibers along a weft of fabric, namely warl wicks 7 and wicks of frame 8, the mesh thus produced defining passage openings 9 ( Figure 3) rectangular or square, constituting about 30% of the surface of the layer has it.
  • the fibers of the locks 7, 8 can be of the type indicated above, dry or prepreg. Wicks 7, 8 are deposited individually by winding, wrapping or manual deposit or not on a mold (no shown) similar to mold M of Figure 1. A polymerization is then performed.
  • the spacing between wicks 7, 8 and the polymerization conditions are defined so as to give the layer 1'a the non-linearity factor required.
  • the thickness of the layer with structural property 1a, 1'a is of the order of 10 times the thickness of the acoustic property layer 1b, 1'b.
  • the layer with structural property 1a can be consisting of several plies of pre-impregnated yarn fabrics or of several overlapping plies of wound or wrapped prepreg yarns.
  • the acoustically resistive layers (1, 1 ') of the panels according to the invention although made up of two components, nevertheless have excellent mechanical qualities.
  • the materials of the two components are identical and compatible and lend themselves to good bonding and constitute after polymerization a single composite sheet with almost zero risk of delamination, very resistant to erosion, abrasion, impact and moreover easy to repair.
  • the resistive layers have, due to the precise control of their porosity rate during manufacturing, very good acoustic performance especially in terms of non-linearity, their impedance does not depend on the Mach number of grazing flow.
  • the panels according to the invention are also simple and easy to achieve.
  • Figures 4a to 4d illustrate an embodiment of a panel of the type of Figure 1, on a mold (not shown) similar to the mold M.
  • crosslinking adhesive 6 is placed (FIG. 4c) on the honeycomb structure 2.
  • the adhesive 6 diffuses well in the porous mass of the layer 1 b and the junction between the end edge of the walls of the honeycomb cells 2 and the facing face of the layer 1b is established by constituting good connecting jumps to the right of the honeycomb cell bases defining cross-section bonds increasing in size as we get closer to the face of said layer 1 b.
  • the invention allows to give the acoustic component (layer 1b) a very fine thickness, much lower than that of structural layer 1 a.
  • the layer 1a may have a thickness of one millimeter, while the thickness of the layer 1b can be reduced to 0.1 millimeter without degradation of its acoustic properties.
  • Figure 4e illustrates an alternative embodiment of the assembly of layers 1 a, 1 b and 2, in which the cross-linking adhesive 5 between the layers 1a and 1b is deleted. Due, in fact, to the small thickness and the large porosity of the acoustic layer 1b, it is possible to apply the adhesive 6 than on the receiving side of the honeycomb 2.
  • the only adhesive used (6) is applied only to the right of the feet of the honeycomb cells 2, which limits the obstruction of passage openings 4 through the structural layer 1 a only areas opposite said cell feet.
  • FIGS. 4a to 4e can be used with various variants of panel structure described above.
  • This technique makes it possible to easily design and produce acoustic attenuation panels with mechanical characteristics efficient and homogeneous, adapted to various environments, in particular those mentioned above such as the nacelles of turbo-engines.
  • FIG. 5 also illustrates an alternative embodiment of the holes 4 of the structural layer 1a during their perforation, according to which the the external outlet of said holes 4 is advantageously flared, by all appropriate means, as shown in 11, so as to improve the linearity acoustic.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates another variant embodiment of the method of the invention according to which the layer with structural property is reinforced.
  • the layer with structural property consists of several layers of crossed prepreg yarns arranged on either side of the property layer acoustic 1 "b.
  • FIG. 6 On the left side of Figure 6, there is shown a first distribution of two plies of crossed wires, respectively a ply 13 of chain son, first deposited on a mold (not shown) similar to mold M of FIG. 1 and a web 14 of weft threads deposited over the layer 1 "b, ie after removal of the latter.
  • This assembly is polymerized under pressure before installation of the other components 2, 3.
  • the spacing of the wires of the plies 13, 14, 15, 16 deposited by winding or wrapping determines the porosity rate of the 1 "layer.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Soundproofing, Sound Blocking, And Sound Damping (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Schalldämmplatte, die eine Wabenstruktur (2) besitzt, die auf einer Seite von einem Reflektor (3) und auf der anderen Seite von einer schallbeständigen Lage (1, 1', 1") mit zwei Komponenten mit akustischer Eigenschaft bzw. mit strukturgebender Eigenschaft abgedeckt ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es darin besteht, auf einer Form (M) mit für die Tafel geeigneter Form anzuordnen:
    Fasern die mit einem thermoplastischen oder wärmehärtenden Harz vorimprägniert sind und eine Lage (1a, 1'a, 13, 15) mit strukturgebender Eigenschaft bilden, wobei die Lage durch Strecken, Wickeln oder Umschnüren in der Weise gebildet wird, dass sie einen offenen Oberflächenanteil in der Größenordnung von 30 % der freiliegenden Oberfläche aufweist,
    eine Schicht mit akustischer Eigenschaft auf der Schicht mit strukturgebender Eigenschaft, wobei die Schicht mit akustischer Eigenschaft durch ein mikroporöses Textileiement gebildet ist, das eine Dicke in der Größenordnung eines Zehntels jener der strukturgebenden Schicht hat, und
    die Wabenstruktur und den Reflektor, eventuell unter Hinzufügung eines Klebstoffs zwischen den Komponenten,
    wobei am Ende wenigstens eines der obigen Anordnungsschritte wenigstens ein Einbrennschritt im Autoklaven ausgeführt wird.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Lage (1'a) mit strukturgebender Eigenschaft die erforderliche Porosität durch Beabstandung der Fäden (7, 8) beim Weben oder bei der Wicklung oder der Umschnürung der Fäden verliehen wird.
  3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Lage (1a) mit strukturgebender Eigenschaft die erforderliche Porosität durch Lochen der Lage nach dem Einbrennen im Autoklaven verliehen wird, wobei anschließend die Lage (1b) mit akustischer Eigenschaft angeordnet wird.
  4. Verfahren nach den Ansprüchen 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Lage (1'a) mit strukturgebender Eigenschaft und die Lage (1'b) mit akustischer Eigenschaft unter eventueller Einfügung eines Vernetzungsklebstoffs (5) und unter Ausführung eines Einbrennens im Autoklaven zusammengefügt werden, wobei die Gesamtheit anschließend zu der Struktur mit Wabenkern (2) und zu dem Reflektor (3) unter eventueller Einfügung eines Vernetzungsklebstoffs (6) und unter erneutem Einbrennen im Autoklaven zusammengefügt wird.
  5. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Lage mit strukturgebender Eigenschaft durch mehrere Bündel gekreuzter Fäden gebildet wird.
  6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Löcher (4) der Lochung der Lage (1a) mit strukturgebender Eigenschaft einen Durchmesser besitzen, der größer als die Dicke der Lage ist, wobei ihre äußere Öffnung (11) erweitert ist.
  7. Verfahren nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass auf der Lage mit akustischer Eigenschaft ein Bündel aus gekreuzten Fäden angeordnet wird.
  8. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Lage (1b, 1'b, 1"b) mit akustischer Eigenschaft aus einem Gewebe aus Fasern gebildet ist, die aus der Gruppe gewählt sind, die Karbonfasern, Glasfasern, "Kevlar"-Fasern, Mineralfasern oder organische Fasern, natürliche oder synthetische Fasern, getrocknete oder vorimprägnierte Fasern umfasst.
  9. Verfahren nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Vernetzungsklebstoff (6), der zwischen die Struktur (2) mit Wabenkern und die Lage (1b) mit akustischer Eigenschaft eingefügt wird, am Ort der unteren Enden der Zellen der Struktur (2) mit Wabenkem angeordnet wird.
EP00993660A 1999-12-24 2000-12-21 Verfahren zur herstellung einer schalldämmenden platte mit widerstandschicht mit struktureigenschaften und zugehöriger platte. Expired - Lifetime EP1157372B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9916447 1999-12-24
FR9916447A FR2803078B1 (fr) 1999-12-24 1999-12-24 Panneau d'attenuation acoustique a couche resistive a propriete structurale et son procede d'obtention
PCT/FR2000/003648 WO2001048734A1 (fr) 1999-12-24 2000-12-21 Procede de fabrication d'un panneau d'attenuation acoustique a couche resistive a propriete structurale et panneau ainsi obtenu

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1157372A1 EP1157372A1 (de) 2001-11-28
EP1157372B1 true EP1157372B1 (de) 2004-03-10

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EP00993660A Expired - Lifetime EP1157372B1 (de) 1999-12-24 2000-12-21 Verfahren zur herstellung einer schalldämmenden platte mit widerstandschicht mit struktureigenschaften und zugehöriger platte.

Country Status (7)

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US (1) US20020157764A1 (de)
EP (1) EP1157372B1 (de)
CA (1) CA2365100C (de)
DE (1) DE60008861T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2217038T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2803078B1 (de)
WO (1) WO2001048734A1 (de)

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Publication number Publication date
DE60008861T2 (de) 2005-03-03
CA2365100A1 (fr) 2001-07-05
FR2803078B1 (fr) 2002-07-26
US20020157764A1 (en) 2002-10-31
ES2217038T3 (es) 2004-11-01
CA2365100C (fr) 2010-02-23
FR2803078A1 (fr) 2001-06-29
EP1157372A1 (de) 2001-11-28
DE60008861D1 (de) 2004-04-15
WO2001048734A1 (fr) 2001-07-05

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