Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
  • A01N25/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing liquids as carriers, diluents or solvents
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
  • A01N25/30—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests characterised by the surfactants
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
  • C09K23/00—Use of substances as emulsifying, wetting, dispersing, or foam-producing agents
  • C09K23/017—Mixtures of compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
  • C09K23/00—Use of substances as emulsifying, wetting, dispersing, or foam-producing agents
  • C09K23/017—Mixtures of compounds
  • C09K23/018—Mixtures of two or more different organic oxygen-containing compounds

Definitions

• This invention relates to emulsifier compositions, and in particular to compositions which contain a plurality of surfactants; to emulsifiable concentrates, which are readily emulsifiable into water, comprising the emulsifier composition, in particular concentrates with a high loading of a chemical agent with activity specific to the intended use of the concentrates; to diluted formulations comprising the concentrate; and to processes for preparing or using the emulsifier compositions, the concentrates, and the diluted formulations comprising the composition.
• Emulsifier compositions with a plurality of surfactants are known in general in the agrochemical industry; these may be used to form concentrates comprising a chemical agent with activity specific to the intended use of the concentrate, and such concentrates are readily emulsifiable on conversion to a diluted formulation.
• the efficacy of such emulsifier compositions as an emulsifier and the extent to which the resultant compositions are readily emulsifiable into water to a diluted formulation is usually limited to a specific combination of a dispersed chemical agent and readily emulsifiable surfactant components.
• a 1 is -0-, -O " or -NR 4 - where R 4 is hydrogen or C, to C 6 alkyl, particularly methyl or ethyl; such that when A 1 is -0 " : Y is a cation, particularly H + , and alkali metal cation especially a sodium or potassium cation, or an ammonium ion (especially NH 4 ⁇ an amine ammonium or an alkanolamine ammonium ion); and when A 1 is -O- or -NR 4 -: Y is a C n to C 6 alkyl group (R 3 ) or a group of the formula (C m H 2rn O) n .R 2 where m, n and R 2 are independently as defined above; or Y.A 1 .OC.(HR)C.C(HR 1 ).CO.A.(C m H 2m O) n .C p H 2p .A.CO.(HR 1 )C.
• the free acid forms of compounds of the formulae (I) and (II) in are defined with Y as a H * cation including both the ionised and non-ionised form of the free acids.
• Compounds of the formulae (I) or (II) are typically mixtures of isomers corresponding to the two senses of the anhydride ring opening reaction typically used in their synthesis.
• the alk(en)yl chain seems to have a minor steric effect on the isomer ratio (typically about 60:40), the major isomer arising from nucleophilic attack at the anhydride carbonyl group remote from the alk(en)yl group.
• the compounds of the formulae (I) and (II) include those of the formulae (la) and (Ha):
• Z is a group of formula (C m H 2m O) n R 2 in which n, m and R 2 are as defined for Formula (I) above with n preferably being 3 to 50;
• R 2 is hydrogen or an alkyl group having 1 to 16 and preferablyl to 6 carbon atoms;
• a and A 1 are each independently -0-, -O ' or -NH- groups, when A or A 1 is -O " the respective Y is a cation for example H+ or an alkali metal ion, when A or A 1 is -O- or -NH- the respective Y is a group R 2 or (C rn H 2m O) n R 2 where m and R 2 are as defined above and may be the same or different to the group Z, R 1 is an alkyl or alkenyl group having 6 to 22 and preferably 13 to 20 carbon atoms, or of formula (Ha): R 1 .
• WO 94/00508 A Various uses of compounds of this general type are described in WO 94/00508 A, including as emulsifying agents for acrylamide invert polymerisation systems and as wool scouring agents.
• emulsifier compositions with a plurality of surfactants which may be used to form concentrates comprising a chemical agent with activity specific to the intended use of the concentrate, and which concentrates are readily emulsifiable into water.
• These emulsions are useful in general in the agrochemical industry, such as in formulations which comprise a chemical agent which is known in the agrochemical industry to have an activity appropriate for use in weed, fungus or insect control.
• compositions which comprises (a) at least one surfactant vic-dicarboxylic acid polyalkyleneoxy half ester derivative of the formula (I) or (II) as defined above; and (b) at least one other surfactant.
• surfactant vic-dicarboxylic acid polyalkyleneoxy half ester derivative of the formula (I) or (II) as defined above and at least one other surfactant.
• Particularly suitable emulsifier compositions of this first aspect are those comprising
• the balance of the composition may be a water miscible liquid and/or water imiscible, e.g. organic, liquid. This may be desirable if the viscosity of the composition would otherwise be inconveniently high.
• the components and their proportions are preferably chosen such that where any components are readily available only as aqueous solutions the composition provided by mixing the composition components is stable, notwithstanding the water which is thereby introduced.
• the composition often employs a half-ester derivative containing anionic groups and/or in particular groups ionisable to anion.
• ester derivatives are generally as set out in WO 94/00508 A, but preferred surfactants of this type include mono- and di-ester derivatives within formula (I) or (II) respectively in which the alk(en)yl substituent on the succinic moiety preferably has 8 to 20 carbon atoms. This is particularly the case in the agrochemical industry when used to form an emulsifiable concentrate comprising a chemical agent with activity specific to the intended use of the concentrate.
• ester derivatives of this type include those in which the alk(en)yl substituent has 10 to 17, preferably 12 to 14 carbon atoms, and especially where it is an alkenyl group.
• Preferred such vic-dicarboxyiic acid polyalkyleneoxy half ester derivatives also include those in which Z (in formula (la)) is an alkylene oxide (block) (co-)polymer of formula (C rn H 2rn O) n R 2 as defined in which n is preferably 7 to 13 and m is 2 and/or 3
• the alk(en)yl groups in the surfactants of the formula (I) or (II) used in this invention are desirably linear alk(en)yl groups.
• the other surfactant(s) may be any which on using the emulsifier composition in the formulation of a concentrate comprising a chemical agent with activity specific to the intended use of the concentrate, will give a concentrate which: (a) is stable and homogeneous for at least 24 hr. after making up; and (b) remains homogenous on dilution with water to a diluted formulation.
• the other surfactants which are suitable for such stability in use and storage of the concentrate may be anionic, cationic, amphoteric or non-ionic surfactants, or mixtures thereof.
• Suitable anionic surfactants include members of the alkarene sulphonate salt group, such as alkyl benzene sulphonate salts having 6 to 16 carbon atoms in its straight chain or branched chain alkyl group, e.g.
• alkyl is lauryl (dodecyl), or mixtures thereof; members of the poly(aryiaryl- alkoxylate) phosphate or sulphate salt group; members of the alkaryl phosphate or sulphate salt group; members of the straight chain or branched alkyl- and alkoxylated alkyl phosphate or sulphate salt group; and members of the fatty acid salt group, having 8 to 24, preferably 12 to 18, carbon atoms, e.g.
• alkoxylated carboxylated alkaryl and fatty alcohols examples include those with an alkali metal cation e.g. sodium or potassium; an alkaline earth metal, e.g. calcium; and ammonium, aliphatic ammonium alkanolammonium cation, wherein the aliphatic or alkanol moieties are e.g. straight chain or branched alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; and mixtures thereof.
• anionic surfactants include alkylbenzene sulphonate salts having 6 to 16 carbon atoms in their straight chain or branched alkyl group, e.g. wherein the alkyl is lauryl.
• Preferred salts include the calcium salt.
• Suitable cationic surfactants include alkoxylated fatty amine salts having 8 to 24, preferably containing more than 12 carbon atoms, and in particular 12 to 18 carbon atoms, the latter including e.g. poly(ethylene oxide) C 12to 15 amine salts, e.g. chloride salts.
• Non-ionic surfactants are particularly useful in concentrates which are readily emulsifiable in particular in agrochemical concentrates. These include non-ionic surfactants used in the agrochemical industry to form emulsifiables, in particular those of the formulae: R 21 .0(X)R 22 and/or R 23 - N (-XH) 2 in which
• R 21 is an alkyl group or alkenyl group which suitably contains up to 24, preferably 6 to 21 , and especially 9 to 18 carbon atoms, an alkyl phenol group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms in its alkyl group, a sorbitan group or a group of formula R 2 C0 in which R 24 is an alkyl group having 11 to 22 carbon atoms;
• R 22 is hydrogen or an alkyl group, a carboxyalkyl group, e.g. carboxyalkyl having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, or a fatty acid residue having 10 to 22 carbon atoms;
• X is a polyalkylene oxide group containing an average of 2 to 40, preferably from 2 to 13, and especially from 2 to 10 alkylene oxide groups or mixed alkylene oxide groups; and
• R 23 is an alkyl or alkenyl group having 10 to 22 carbon atoms.
• suitable groups R 21 include e.g. sorbitan and lauryl, heptadecyl, heptadecenyl, heptadecadienyl, stearyl and oleyl.
• R 22 examples include e.g. carboxy-methyl, -ethyl or -propyl, or a salt thereof; and laurate, heptadecanoate, heptadecenoate, heptadecadienoate, stearate or oleate.
• suitable X include poly(homoalkylene or mixed alkylene oxide) groups, wherein the alkylene groups each have 2 to 8, preferably 2 to 4, e.g. 2 or 3 carbon atoms, and, when R 21 is sorbitan, and R 22 is fatty acid residue having 10 to 22 carbon atoms, a direct bond.
• non-ionic surfactants thus include poly(alkoxylated) fatty acids and alcohols having 8 to 24, preferably 12 to 18 carbon atoms in their fatty acid or alcohol groups; poly(alkoxylated) alkaryl alcohols having 8 to 24, preferably 12 to 18 carbon atoms; poly(alkoxylated) sorbitan and sorbitol esters; poly(alkoxylated) triglycerides, including e.g.
• poly(aikoxylated) vegetable oils such as poly(ethoxylated) linseed oil, mustard oil, neem oil, niger seed oil, oiticica oil, palm oil, palm kernel oil, peanut oil, perilla oil, poppy seed oil, safflower oil, sesame oil, or (especially) soybean oil; poly(alkoxylated) allyl alcohols; poly(alkoxylated) poly(arylaryl alcohols); and poly(alkylene oxides) including (block) (co-)polymers; in particular those wherein the alkylene groups each have 2 to 4 carbon atoms; and sorbitan esters with up to
• the component (b) (at least one other surfactant) is i at least one non-ionic surfactant, and optionally ii at least one anionic surfactant.
• Preferred component (b) non-ionic surfactants then include those of the formula: R 21 0(X)R 22 and/or R 23 - N (-XH) 2 as defined above which are indicated as preferred non-ionic surfactants hereinbefore.
• Preferred component (b) anionic surfactants then include alkylbenzene sulphonate salts having 6 to 16 carbon atoms in their straight chain or branched alkyl group, e.g. wherein the alkyl is lauryl.
• Preferred salts include the calcium salt.
• Preferred emulsifier compositions of this first aspect are those comprising a at least one vic-dicarboxyiic acid polyalkyleneoxy half ester derivative, present as 5 to 90 wt.% of the total concentrate, preferably as 10 to 75 wt.%; and b i at least one non-ionic surfactant, present as 10 to 90 wt. % of the total, preferably as 10 to 50 wt.%, e.g. 10 to 40 wt.%, in particular 10 to 35 wt.%; and ii optionally at least one anionic surfactant present as 0 to 60 wt.% of the total composition, preferably as 0 to 40 wt.%, e.g. 15 to 40 wt.%, in particular as 25 to 40 wt.% of the total.
• emulsifier compositions are of those comprising at least one anionic surfactant as 15 to 40 wt.%, in particular as 25 to 40 wt.% of the composition.
• Another class of composition is of those comprising no anionic surfactant.
• suitable water miscible liquids which may form the balance of the composition and which may be desirable if the viscosity of the composition would otherwise be inconveniently high include alcohols, including glycois, e.g. with straight chain or branched alkyl having 1 to 8 carbon atom, such as isobutanol and propylene glycol. Such liquid may often contain water, which is thereby introduced into the composition, and may be present as up to 3 wt.% of the total.
• suitable water imiscible liquids which may form part of the balance of the composition and which may be desirable if the viscosity of the composition would otherwise be inconveniently high include hydrocarbons, preferably those having 5 to 18 carbon atoms, including aromatic hydrocarbons, straight chain or branched alcohols; optionally hydrogenated vegetable oils, such as an optionally hydrogenated cotton seed oil, linseed oil, mustard oil, neem oil, niger seed oil, oiticica oil, olive oil, palm oil, palm kernel oil, peanut oil, perilla oil, poppy seed oil, rape seed oil, safflower oil, sesame oil, or soybean oil; esters (especially a C1-6 ester) of a C8-22 fatty acid, especially a C12-18 fatty acid, e.g.
• hydrocarbons preferably those having 5 to 18 carbon atoms, including aromatic hydrocarbons, straight chain or branched alcohols
• optionally hydrogenated vegetable oils such as an optionally hydrogenated cotton seed oil, l
• liquid materials which may be used include xylene, any mixture of aromatic hydrocarbons, and N-methylpyrrolidone.
• an emulsifiable concentrate comprising the emulsifier composition of the first aspect
• At least one chemical agent with activity specific to the intended use of the concentrate may be for example an agrochemical or a metal corrosion inhibitor.
• an agrochemical is typically one or more phytoactives, for example growth regulators or herbicides, and/or pesticides, for example insecticides, fungicides or acaricides.
• Such concentrates may comprise a second chemical agent which will give a concentrate in which the activity of the first chemical agent is made more specific to or selective in the intended use of the concentrate or corresponding dilute formulation.
• Such concentrates typically include e.g.
• the first chemical agent is an agrochemical which is one or more phytoactives, for example growth regulators or herbicides, and/or pesticides, for example insecticides, fungicides or acaricides
• the second is a phytotoxicity inhibitor to regulate any phytoactivity, for example growth regulation or herbicidal activity of the concentrate or corresponding dilute formulation, or e.g. Safener inhibitor to make it more selective, e.g. as between graminious and broad leaved species.
• a second chemical agent may be present as up to 15 wt.% of the total concentrate.
• Preferred concentrates are those with a high loading of the chemical agent with activity specific and appropriate for the intended use of the composition. These exhibit dispersion even of specific chemical agents, such as Acetochlor and Alachlor herbicides but also pesticides, such as insecticides, fungicides or acaricides, which are known in the agrochemical industry as not usually readily emulsified.
• specific chemical agents such as Acetochlor and Alachlor herbicides but also pesticides, such as insecticides, fungicides or acaricides, which are known in the agrochemical industry as not usually readily emulsified.
• Preferred emulsifiable concentrates of this first aspect are those comprising (a) at least one vic-dicarboxyiic acid polyalkyleneoxy half ester derivative, present as 0.1 to 15 wt.% of the total concentrate, preferably as 0.15 to 10 wt.%; (b) at least one other surfactant, present as 1 to 25 wt.% of the total; and
• the greater part of the balance of the concentrate may be a water miscible liquid and/or water insoluble organic solvent, to aid the dissolution of the chemical agent with activity specific to the intended use of the concentrate or corresponding dilute formulation. It may also be desirable if the viscosity of the concentrate would otherwise be inconveniently high.
• the concentrate in particular when used in formulations for application in the agrochemical industry, may comprise one or more such liquid and/or solvent components as 0 to 97, and in particular as 5 to 90 wt.% of the total concentrate. In some intended uses of the concentrates, e.g.
• the concentrate in methods of applying formulations of some growth regulators, herbicides, insecticides, fungicides or acaricides, it is preferred that the concentrate has a significant water content, e.g. over 25 wt.% of the total.
• Such concentrates are in fact concentrated emulsions which are further emulsifiable on being diluted with water to give formulations for applying e.g. over crops.
• the components and their proportions are preferably chosen such that the concentrate provided by mixing the concentrate components is stable, notwithstanding the water which is thereby introduced.
• certain emulsifiable concentrates are those in which the components and their proportions are:
• Each of the present concentrates a exhibits dispersion even of specific chemical agents, such as Acetochlor and Alachlor herbicides but also pesticides, such as insecticides, fungicides or acaricides, which are known in the agrochemical industry as not usually readily emulsified by known surfactants, b remains a homogenous concentrate on dilution with water to make the concentrate into a diluted formulation of the present invention for application of the component (c) of the concentrate, without the need for the addition of any further materials to disperse the phase and prevent settling of the phase from the diluted concentrate; c exhibit excellent wetting properties in relation to the dispersed chemical agent in the concentrate herein described, and in particular in relation to treated substrates.
• specific chemical agents such as Acetochlor and Alachlor herbicides but also pesticides, such as insecticides, fungicides or acaricides, which are known in the agrochemical industry as not usually readily emulsified by known surfactants
• b remains
• compositions of the present invention especially when used for concentrates and formulations of agrochemicals, enable a high loading even of the agents referred to in (a) above, for example herbicides such as Acetochlor and Alachlor.
• herbicides such as Acetochlor and Alachlor.
• Suitable and preferred vic-dicarboxyiic acid polyalkyleneoxy half-ester derivatives and other surfactants in the concentrate are generally those so described hereinbefore with regard to the emulsifier compositions of the first aspect of the invention.
• suitable water miscible liquids include alcohols, including glycois, e e.g. with straight chain or branched alkyl having 1 to 8 carbon atoms. Preferred examples include isobutanol and propylene glycol. Such liquid may often contain water.
• suitable water insoluble organic solvents which may form part of the balance of the concentrate include hydrocarbons, preferably those having 5 to 18 carbon atoms, including aromatic hydrocarbons, straight chain or branched alcohols; optionally hydrogenated vegetable oils, such as an optionally hydrogenated cotton seed oil, linseed oil, mustard oil, neem oil, niger seed oil, oiticica oil, olive oil, palm oil, palm kernel oil, peanut oil, perilla oil, poppy seed oil, rape seed oil, safflower oil, sesame oil, or soybean oil; esters (especially a C, , o6 ester) of a C 8lo22 fatty acid, especially a C 12 to 18 fatty acid, e.g.
• hydrocarbons preferably those having 5 to 18 carbon atoms, including aromatic hydrocarbons, straight chain or branched alcohols
• optionally hydrogenated vegetable oils such as an optionally hydrogenated cotton seed oil, linseed oil, mustard oil, neem oil, n
• solvent materials which may be used include xylene, any mixture of aromatic hydrocarbons, and N-methylpyrrolidone.
• An anti-foam agent may be present.
• a sufficient quantity to provide an anti-foaming effect for the intended use of the concentrate without separating out is desirable. Normally 0.05 to 10% and preferably 0.2 to 6% by weight of the total is suitable. Any compounds may be used which are conventionally useful as anti-foam agents in aqueous formulations with a high dispersed phase content.
• the antifoaming agent(s) is/are preferably one or more polysiloxanes, especially of the type having hydrophilic groups. It is preferably of formula
• R* 3 SiO [SiO R* R ** ] meaningSi R* 3 in which the groups R* are individually alkyl groups, preferably having 1 to 3 carbons atoms and are preferably methyl groups, one or more of the groups R** may be residues of polyalkylene glycois and the others are as defined for R * .
• the groups R* preferably have a molecular weight in the range 1000 to 20000 and especially 5000 to 15000. Examples of suitable polysiloxane antifoams are disclosed in British Patents 1533610 and 1554736.
• Non-surfactant materials which are conventionally useful in surfactant formulations as viscosity modifiers, stabilisers, and anti-microbials.
• One class of known viscosity modifier materials of this type includes one or more commercially available water soluble or miscible materials such as gums, e.g. xanthan gums, and cellulosics, e.g. carboxy-methyl, ethyl or propylcellulose. These are often present, when used e.g. in agrochemical formulations in particular as 0.01 to 1 wt.% of the total concentrate.
• the present emulsifier concentrate may have a pH value within a range of for example 5 (acid) to 9 (alkaline), for example 6 to 8.
• the emulsifiable concentrates to which this invention relates may be produced by conventional mixing of the components in any order used conventionally.
• the present invention thus provides a process of making the concentrate by mixing the components together. This may be effected for example by adding the components (a), (b) and (c), and any other components e.g. solvents and/or any other additives, and stirring until tthhee p prroodduucctt iiss hhoommooggeenneeoouuss.
• emulsifiable concentrates to which this invention relates which are concentrated emulsions
• mixing the components in a specific order may be necessary.
• Such emulsifiable concentrates may have to be produced by separate conventional mixing of a the components of the vehicle liquid, and b the components (a), (b) and (c) and any other components, respectively, to give two separate liquid phases, with stirring until each product is homogeneous.
• the concentrate is made by careful dispersion of the phase containing the components (a), (b) and (c) in to the other phase. It is may be desirable that this is effected for example by adding the phases at moderately elevated temperatures with high shear mixing to deal with the inconveniently high viscosity of the concentrate which is thereby introduced.
• the product concentrated emulsion is subsequently left to cool to ambient temperature.
• the surfactant concentrates of the second aspect present of the invention will suitably be supplied in a their (more concentrated) form and converted to a more dilute form at the point of use in such applications. Good stability in storage of the more concentrated form as supplied before being converted to a more dilute form at the point of use is still required.
• the present invention provides a formulation which is a mixture of the components (a), (b) and (c) of the concentrate according to the second aspect of the present invention with 10 to 10,000 times the total weight of the components (a), (b) and (c) of water, e.g. with 30 to 1 ,000 times the total weight of the components.
• This formulation according to the fourth aspect of the invention may of course comprise other components and additives. Suitable and preferred such components and additives are as so described hereinbefore with regard to the compositions, e.g. solvents and anti-foam agents, which may be designated as components (d).
• the formulation may be made up in various ways, by for example
• Such a process for preparing the formulation according to the fourth aspect of the present invention forms a fifth aspect of the invention.
• the ratio of the weight of water used to the total weight of the components (a), (b) and (c) of the formulations of the second aspect will of course be adjusted as appropriate to give a final formulation of the components (a), (b) and (c) with in the definition above.
• the present invention also provides a method of applying the formulation according to the fourth aspect of the present invention to a substrate.
• Embodiments of this method include a a method of treating vegetation by applying to plants and/or soil such a formulation according to the invention which formulation comprises a specific chemical agent which is an agrochemical.
• a method of working metal which comprises applying a formulation according to the invention to the metal which formulation optionally comprises a specific chemical agent which is a metal corrosion inhibitor.
• the agrochemical may be one or more phytoactives, for example growth regulators and/or herbicides, and/or pesticides, for example insecticides, fungicides or acaricides.
• a method of killing or inhibiting vegetation by applying the formulation which comprises a specific chemical agent which is one or more phytoactives, for example growth regulators and/or herbicides
• a method of killing or inhibiting plant pests by applying the formulation which comprises a specific chemical agent which is one or more pesticides, for example insecticides, fungicides or acaricides.
• the effect of the agrochemical, whether one or more phytoactives, for example growth regulators and/or herbicides, and/or pesticides, for example insecticides, fungicides or acaricides may be potentiated by the surfactants.
• the working of the metal may include for example cutting or abrasion.
• agrochemical within concentrates and formulations of the present invention which comprise as component (c) an agrochemical, this is typically one or more phytoactives, for example growth regulators and/or herbicides, or pesticides, for example insecticides, fungicides or acaricides.
• agrochemicals appropriate for the intended use of the composition include an agrochemical which is one or more phytoactives, for example herbicides such as Acetochlor, Alachlor and Trifluralin, and also pesticides, for example insecticides such Propargite and Fenitrothion, and fungicides such as Propiconazole.
• agrochemical which comprises a potentiator or inhibitor of the working of the agrochemical. If an agrochemical which is one or more phytoactives, for example growth regulators or herbicides, is present, and an inhibitor agrochemical is also present, it may typically be a phytotoxicity inhibitor. Examples of suitable such materials include Safener.
• a corrosion inhibitor as component (c) may be used in a method of working metal which comprises applying a formulation according to the invention to the metal which comprises such a chemical agent.
• a corrosion inhibitor as component (c) suitable for practically all the relevant substrate materials which may be treated, includes straight chain or branched alkane carboxylic acids and water soluble salts thereof e.g. with an alkali metal cation e.g. sodium or potassium, or an alkanolammonium cation. Materials of this type include in particular water soluble alkanolammonium salts of straight chain or branched alkane carboxylic acids which acids comprise 8 to 11 carbon atoms.
• Emulsifier Compositions shown in Table 1 were made by adding the components in the stated amounts in a simple mixing process with stirring as appropriate.
• the components in Table 1 are as follows: H1 Half Ester Derivative of the formula:
• the above concentrates were formulated into corresponding diluted formulations by adding the concentrates to water with the following parameters described above the relevant Table in each case as appropriate: to the given % wtivol. dilution rate (suitable for the given desired use of the given (diluted) concentrate), at the given temperature at the given WHO standard hardnesses of 342 and 500 ppm, and with the formulations being left to stand for the given length of time.
• each emulsifier composition used in the concentrates shown in Tables 2, 4, 6 and 8 in the formulations corresponding to the concentrates is shown in Tables 3, 5, 7 and 9 respectively, in which the numbering of each formulation corresponds respectively to the numbering of each concentrate, and the figures are the volume of the disperse phase of the concentrate (which contains the components (a), (b) and (c)) which separates from the other phase.
• Solvesso 150 aromatic hydrocarbon solvent mixture, (Exxon Chemicals)
• the emulsifier compositions shown in Table 10 were made by adding the components in the stated amounts in a simple mixing process with stirring as appropriate.
• the half ester derivative component H2 in Table 10 is of the formula:
• Y.0 2 C.(HR)C.C(HR 1 ).C0 2 (C m H 2n ,0) n .R 2
• Y is H
• one of R and R1 is C 14 H 27 and the other is hydrogen
• m is 2
• n is about 14 (corresponding to PEG 600) and R 2 is H.
• Phase B was then carefully dispersed in Phase A by adding it slowly to Phase A with constant stirring and keeping the temperature at 50 ⁇ C.
• the resultant mixture of phase B and phase A was then homogenised with high shear mixing, and the resultant concentrated 0 emulsion was allowed to cool to ambient temperature under low energy mixing.
• the viscosity modifier was then dispersed in the emulsion under high shear mixing to give a thickened emulsion.
• Rhodopol 23 (viscosity modifier) ig 19 ig water to ll to ll to ll
• NS no separation of the emulsion
• the above concentrates were formulated into corresponding diluted formulations by adding the concentrates to water with following parameters described above the relevant Table in each case as appropriate: to the given % wt./vol. dilution rate (suitable for the given desired use of the given (diluted) concentrate), at the given temperature at the given WHO standard hardness of 342 ppm, and with the formulations being left to stand for the given length of time.
• Tables 13, 16 and 19 respectively, in which the numbering of each formulation corresponds respectively to the numbering of each concentrate, and the figures are the volume of the disperse phase of the concentrate (which contains the components (a), (b) and (c)) which separates from the other phase.
• Table 13 2 % wt./vol. dilution 22°C Standard Water Hardness 342 ppm

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• 1995
  • 1995-02-22 SK SK1090-96A patent/SK109096A3/sk unknown
  • 1995-02-22 JP JP7522193A patent/JPH09509362A/ja active Pending
  • 1995-02-22 AU AU17134/95A patent/AU1713495A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1995-02-22 CZ CZ962485A patent/CZ248596A3/cs unknown
  • 1995-02-22 CA CA002183858A patent/CA2183858A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1995-02-22 BR BR9506879A patent/BR9506879A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1995-02-22 AU AU17135/95A patent/AU1713595A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1995-02-22 CZ CZ962484A patent/CZ248496A3/cs unknown
  • 1995-02-22 SK SK1091-96A patent/SK109196A3/sk unknown
  • 1995-02-22 PL PL95316034A patent/PL316034A1/xx unknown
  • 1995-02-22 KR KR1019960704640A patent/KR970701000A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1995-02-22 EP EP95909030A patent/EP0746200A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 1995-02-22 HU HU9602319A patent/HUT74607A/hu unknown
  • 1995-02-22 WO PCT/GB1995/000369 patent/WO1995022896A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1995-02-22 WO PCT/GB1995/000370 patent/WO1995022897A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1995-02-22 EP EP95909031A patent/EP0746201A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 1995-02-22 KR KR1019960704641A patent/KR970701001A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1995-02-22 BR BR9506873A patent/BR9506873A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1995-02-22 ZA ZA951475A patent/ZA951475B/xx unknown
  • 1995-02-22 HU HU9602318A patent/HUT74772A/hu unknown
  • 1995-02-22 JP JP7522192A patent/JPH09509660A/ja active Pending
  • 1995-02-22 PL PL95316035A patent/PL316035A1/xx unknown
  • 1995-02-22 CA CA002183857A patent/CA2183857A1/en not_active Abandoned

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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