EP0744477B1 - Method for the defibration respectively decorticating of bast fiber plants - Google Patents

Method for the defibration respectively decorticating of bast fiber plants Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0744477B1
EP0744477B1 EP96107664A EP96107664A EP0744477B1 EP 0744477 B1 EP0744477 B1 EP 0744477B1 EP 96107664 A EP96107664 A EP 96107664A EP 96107664 A EP96107664 A EP 96107664A EP 0744477 B1 EP0744477 B1 EP 0744477B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
fibres
starting material
fibers
removal
bast fiber
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP96107664A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0744477A2 (en
EP0744477A3 (en
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Rolf Prof. Dr. Hesch
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01B—MECHANICAL TREATMENT OF NATURAL FIBROUS OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL TO OBTAIN FIBRES OF FILAMENTS, e.g. FOR SPINNING
    • D01B1/00—Mechanical separation of fibres from plant material, e.g. seeds, leaves, stalks
    • D01B1/10—Separating vegetable fibres from stalks or leaves
    • D01B1/14—Breaking or scutching, e.g. of flax; Decorticating

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for defibering or de-wooding Bast fiber crops, such as flax hemp, kenaf and jute.
  • Renewable raw materials are growing in popularity as they are not only conserve existing resources, but also contribute to Deliver a reduction in CO2 known as greenhouse gases.
  • Some processes for textile fiber production aimed at as long as possible Win fibers. With flax, these can be approx. 500 x 1000 mm Hemp also have a length of 1000 - 2000 mm.
  • Bast fiber plants before the extraction of the fibers often also Called deforestation, roasted. Through such a roasting process, the pectin layer, which fibers and wood connect, break down or at least weakened. The degradation takes place either enzymatically by roasting bacteria or chemical.
  • the following systems are known in particular: river roasts, Pond roasting, basin roasting and dew roasting, the latter being the most imperfect is.
  • Main area of application for this material, which is preferably produced as long fiber is the manufacture of textiles. At Jute stands the production of bags and fabrics for the non-clothing area in the foreground.
  • de-felling / de-cleavage is carried out without prior Roasting process carried out.
  • this will result in a more uneven fiber achieved, which is also rough and less supple.
  • EP-A-0 398 421 describes a process for defibering or de-wooding Bast fiber plants are known, in which breakage and swinging are effective is worked.
  • the object of the invention is a method for fiber removal or de-wooding of bast fiber plants to provide which material for technical Purposes, not necessarily for textile processing, the process itself being more economical, effective and largely automatable to work as the known method of generating Long fibers.
  • the first process step of pre-comminution has proven to be particularly advantageous of the bast fiber straw to the desired fiber or stack length.
  • the straw is sheared off to a uniform length and on the other hand, transformed into a bulk material to improve the further process be able to automate to minimize costs.
  • this pre-crushing is the prerequisite for the further process no wrapping in fast-moving or rotating machines around rotating or stationary machine parts can occur.
  • Any Straw and straw material not shortened in such high-speed rotating machines the bast fiber strands would be around tools, Wind shafts or axles and increase friction to a standstill or the destruction of the machine or possibly through heating lead to fire.
  • machines are provided for the pre-shredding, which ensure a uniform or fairly uniform length of the stem sections can, especially choppers such as rotor, disc or sickle choppers or with harvested crop pressed into bales or round bale granulators, which are also called granulators in the plastics industry. Further Cross cutters, as are common in veneer paper processing.
  • the defibering in the second process step advantageously takes place in one high-speed rotating mill, in which the fiber removal / de-cleaving through Shear, friction, impact and impact occur.
  • This is fast rotating machines like those in the wood and plastics industry are known.
  • chip breakers Use, in the plastics industry, they are used to manufacture Granules and powders used.
  • pharmaceutical industry and in food technology they are predominantly in a modified form used for the production of powders.
  • mills are also ideally suited to the fibers of the pre-shredded Detach material from the wooden components.
  • This will solve the problem high strength, tough, flexible fiber of brittle, inflexible, woody core and
  • the woody parts are depending on the speed of the machine and tooling broken into shells of different sizes. So is also with unroasted material achieves a fineness and suppleness of the fibers, which of those of roasted material when using conventional Defiberization technologies come roughly the same.
  • the fiber material obtained is, however, under the so-called green towers from unroasted straw Use of conventional technologies in delicacy and smoothness far superior.
  • the separated wooden parts have a particle size on it as a raw material for the production of panels and thermal insulation materials, Qualify very well, especially for bulk insulation.
  • the subsequent separation of fibers and shives can be advantageous with the help of sieves and / or classifiers, the fibers also taking place simultaneously classified according to length and fractionated as well as oversize, dust and foreign bodies can be removed. Furthermore, between the first and a silo and dosing device connected upstream of the second process step his. If a roasting process is to be provided, this can be done second process step are immediately upstream.
  • the short fibers can be created with their new geometry, with a preferred length between 2 and 50 mm, longer fibers up to about 100 mm but are also conceivable to venture into new technical fields of application, in which synthetic fibers predominate to this day, so that overall a big comeback of the bast fiber family is to be expected.
  • This Fibers which used to be a major component mainly in the textile and clothing sector Role have now found much larger areas of application such as for example as reinforcing fibers that are incorporated into plastics, as short fibers, which are processed into nonwovens and felts, as short fibers, processed into deep-drawable mats for the production of molded parts are or as short fibers used for the production of thermal insulation materials be used for construction.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)
  • Preliminary Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)
  • Disintegrating Or Milling (AREA)
  • Debarking, Splitting, And Disintegration Of Timber (AREA)
  • Dry Formation Of Fiberboard And The Like (AREA)
  • Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)

Abstract

A process for removing wood or fibre from bast fibre washes is claimed. The raw material is subjected to a preliminary comminution before the removal to form pieces that are of a pourable or flowing consistency. The pieces are subsequently de-fiberised in a mill that rotates at a high speed.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Entfaserung bzw. Entholzung von Bastfasergewächsen, wie zum Beispiel Flachs Hanf, Kenaf und Jute.The invention relates to a method for defibering or de-wooding Bast fiber crops, such as flax hemp, kenaf and jute.

Nachwachsende Rohstoffe erfreuen sich wachsender Beliebtheit, da sie nicht nur die vorhandenen Ressourcen schonen, sondern auch einen Beitrag zur Verminderung des als Treibhausgoses bekannten CO2 liefern. Bekannt sind einige Verfahren zur Textilfasererzeugung, die darauf abzielen, möglichst lange Fasern zu gewinnen. Diese können bei Flachs ca. 500 · 1000 mm, bei Hanft auch 1000 - 2000 mm Länge aufweisen. Traditionell werden die verwendeten Bastfasergewächse vor der Gewinnung der Fasern, vielfach auch Entholzung genannt, geröstet. Durch einen solchen Röstvorgang wird die Pektinschicht, welche Fasern und Holz miteinander verbindet, abgebaut oder zumindest geschwächt. Der Abbau erfolgt entweder enzymatisch durch Röstbakterien oder chemisch. Bekannt sind insbesondere folgende Systeme: Flußröste, Teichröste, Bassinröste sowie Tauröste, wobei letztere die unvollkommenste ist.Renewable raw materials are growing in popularity as they are not only conserve existing resources, but also contribute to Deliver a reduction in CO2 known as greenhouse gases. Are known some processes for textile fiber production aimed at as long as possible Win fibers. With flax, these can be approx. 500 x 1000 mm Hemp also have a length of 1000 - 2000 mm. Traditionally, the ones used Bast fiber plants before the extraction of the fibers, often also Called deforestation, roasted. Through such a roasting process, the pectin layer, which fibers and wood connect, break down or at least weakened. The degradation takes place either enzymatically by roasting bacteria or chemical. The following systems are known in particular: river roasts, Pond roasting, basin roasting and dew roasting, the latter being the most imperfect is.

Hauptanwendungsgebiet für dieses vorzugsweise als Langfaser erzeugte Material ist die Herstellung von Textilien. Bei Jute steht die Herstellung von Säkken und Geweben für dan Nichtkleidungsbereich im Vordergrund.Main area of application for this material, which is preferably produced as long fiber is the manufacture of textiles. At Jute stands the production of bags and fabrics for the non-clothing area in the foreground.

In kleinerem Maße wird die Entfaserung/Entholzung auch ohne vorhergehenden Röstvorgang durchgeführt. Dabei wird jedoch eine ungleichmäßigere Faser erzielt, die zusätzlich auch noch derber und weniger geschmeidig ist.To a lesser extent, de-felling / de-cleavage is carried out without prior Roasting process carried out. However, this will result in a more uneven fiber achieved, which is also rough and less supple.

Bei konventionellen Verfahren wird das Stroh der Bastfasergewächse durch Brechen geführt. Diese Brechen haben die Aufgabe, den holzigen Kern des Strohs in kleine Stücke zu zerbrechen, die anschließend in Schwingen oder Turbinen durch eine Art Schleuderbewegung von den Langfasern abgeschleudert werden.In conventional processes, the straw from the bast fiber family is passed through Breaking led. The purpose of these breaks is to create the woody core of the Breaking straws into small pieces that then swing into or Turbines are thrown off the long fibers by a kind of centrifugal movement become.

Es sind in jüngster Zeit auch fahrbare Entfaserungs- bzw. Entholzungsmaschinen entwickelt worden, die die Fasern und die Samen für die Ölgewinnung unmittelbar auf den Feldern abernten, die für wertlos erachteten, gebrochenen Holzteile der Bastfaserstengel, auch "Schäben" genannt, aber achtlos liegenlassen.In recent times, there are also mobile fiber removal and de-wooding machines The fibers and seeds have been developed for oil production Harvest directly on the fields that are deemed to be worthless, broken Wooden parts of the bast fiber stems, also called "shives", but carelessly left behind.

Insgesamt ist der betriebene Aufwand für die Gewinnung einer Langfaser ganz erheblich, obwohl für technische Zwecke eine solche Langfaser oftmals nicht erforderlich, in den meisten Fällen sogar nicht einmal verwertbar ist. Dieser Aufwand zur Gewinnung von Fasern bedeutet deshalb Kosten, die für den Zweck einer technischen Verwendung unvertretbar sind.Overall, the effort required to obtain a long fiber quite considerable, although such a long fiber is often used for technical purposes not necessary, in most cases not even usable. This effort to obtain fibers therefore means costs for the purpose of a technical use is unacceptable.

Aus der EP-A-0 398 421 ist ein Verfahren zur Entfaserung bzw. Entholzung von Bastfasergewächsen bekannt, bei welchem mit den Wirkweisen Brechen und Schwingen gearbeitet wird.EP-A-0 398 421 describes a process for defibering or de-wooding Bast fiber plants are known, in which breakage and swinging are effective is worked.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, ein Verfahren zur Entfaserung bzw. Entholzung von Bastfasergewächsen zur Verfügung zu stellen, welches Material für technische Zwecke, nicht notwendigerweise zur textilen Weiterverarbeitung liefert, wobei das Verfahren selbst wirtschaftlicher, effektiver und weitgehend automatisierbarer arbeiten soll, als die bekannten Verfahren zur Erzeugung von Langfasern.The object of the invention is a method for fiber removal or de-wooding of bast fiber plants to provide which material for technical Purposes, not necessarily for textile processing, the process itself being more economical, effective and largely automatable to work as the known method of generating Long fibers.

Die Lösung dieser Aufgabe ergibt sich erfindungsgemäß aus den Merkmalen des kennzeichnenden Teils des Hauptanspruches.According to the invention, this object is achieved from the features of the characterizing part of the main claim.

Als besonders vorteilhaft erweist sich der erste Verfahrensschritt der Vorzerkleinerung des Bastfaserstrohs auf die angestrebte Faser- bzw. Stapellänge. Hierbei wird das Stroh einerseits auf eine gleichmäßige Länge abgeschert und andererseits in ein Schüttgut verwandelt, um den weiteren Verfahrensweg besser automatisieren zu können, um die Kosten zu minimieren. Weiterhin schafft diese Vorzerkleinerung die Voraussetzung dafür, daß im weiteren Verfahrensweg in schnall laufenden bzw. rotierenden Maschinen keine Umwicklungen um drehende oder stehende Maschinenteile auftreten können. Würde das Stroh- und Halmmaterial nicht gekürzt in solche hochtourig rotierenden Maschinen eingebracht, so würden sich die Bastfaserstränge um Werkzeuge, Wellen oder Achsen wickeln und zu erhöhter Reibung bis zum Stillstand oder der Zerstörung der Maschine oder aber durch Erhitzung möglicherweise bis zum Brand führen.The first process step of pre-comminution has proven to be particularly advantageous of the bast fiber straw to the desired fiber or stack length. On the one hand, the straw is sheared off to a uniform length and on the other hand, transformed into a bulk material to improve the further process be able to automate to minimize costs. Still creates this pre-crushing is the prerequisite for the further process no wrapping in fast-moving or rotating machines around rotating or stationary machine parts can occur. Would Straw and straw material not shortened in such high-speed rotating machines the bast fiber strands would be around tools, Wind shafts or axles and increase friction to a standstill or the destruction of the machine or possibly through heating lead to fire.

Für die Vorzerkleinerung sind erfindungsgemäß Maschinen vorgesehen, die eine gleichmäßige oder ziemlich gleichmäßige Länge der Halmabschnitte gewährleisten können, insbesondere Häcksler wie Rotor-, Scheiben- oder Sichelhäcksler oder bei zu Ballen gepreßtem Erntegut oder Rundballen Schneidmühlen, die in der Kunststoffindustrie auch Granulatoren genannt werden. Ferner Querschneider, wie sie in der Furnier- Papierverarbeitung üblich sind.According to the invention, machines are provided for the pre-shredding, which ensure a uniform or fairly uniform length of the stem sections can, especially choppers such as rotor, disc or sickle choppers or with harvested crop pressed into bales or round bale granulators, which are also called granulators in the plastics industry. Further Cross cutters, as are common in veneer paper processing.

Die Entfaserung im zweiten Verfahrensschritt findet vorteilhafterweise in einer hochtourig drehenden Mühle statt, in der die Entfaserung/ Entholzung durch Scherung, Reibung, Prall und Schlag erfolgt. Hierbei handelt es sich um schnell drehende Maschinen, wie sie in der Holz- und Kunststoffindustrie bereits bekannt sind. In der Holzindustrie finden sie überwiegend als Spanzerleger Verwendung, in der Kunststoffindustrie werden sie zur Herstellung von Granulaten und Pulvern verwendet. In der pharmazeutischen Industrie und der Lebensmitteltechnologie werden sie in abgewandelter Form überwiegend zur Herstellung von Pulvern eingesetzt.The defibering in the second process step advantageously takes place in one high-speed rotating mill, in which the fiber removal / de-cleaving through Shear, friction, impact and impact occur. This is fast rotating machines like those in the wood and plastics industry are known. In the wood industry they are mainly found as chip breakers Use, in the plastics industry, they are used to manufacture Granules and powders used. In the pharmaceutical industry and in food technology they are predominantly in a modified form used for the production of powders.

Diese Mühlen eignen sich auch hervorragend dazu, um die Fasern des vorzerkleinerten Materials von den Holzbestandteilen zu lösen. Dabei löst sich die hochfeste, zähe, flexible Faser vom brüchigen, unflexiblen, holzigen Kern und die holzigen Teile werden je nach Drehzahl der Maschine und Werkzeugausstattung in Schöben unterschiedlicher Größe zerbrochen. So wird auch mit ungeröstetem Material eine Feinheit und Geschmeidigkeit der Fasern erzielt, welche derjenigen von geröstetem Material bei Anwendung konventioneller Entfaserungstechnologien in etwa gleich kommt. Das gewonnene Fasermaterial ist dagegen dem sogenannten Grünwerg aus ungeröstetem Stroh unter Anwendung konventioneller Technologien in Feinheit und Geschmeidigkeit weit überlegen. Die abgetrennten Holzteile weisen indessen eine Partikelgröße auf, die sie als Rohstoff für die Herstellung von Platten und Wärmedämmstoffen, insbesondere für Schüttdämmungen, sehr gut qualifizieren.These mills are also ideally suited to the fibers of the pre-shredded Detach material from the wooden components. This will solve the problem high strength, tough, flexible fiber of brittle, inflexible, woody core and The woody parts are depending on the speed of the machine and tooling broken into shells of different sizes. So is also with unroasted material achieves a fineness and suppleness of the fibers, which of those of roasted material when using conventional Defiberization technologies come roughly the same. The fiber material obtained is, however, under the so-called green towers from unroasted straw Use of conventional technologies in delicacy and smoothness far superior. The separated wooden parts have a particle size on it as a raw material for the production of panels and thermal insulation materials, Qualify very well, especially for bulk insulation.

Das anschließende Trennen von Fasern und Schäben kann vorteilhaft mit Hilfe von Sieben und/ oder Sichtern erfolgen, wobei die Fasern auch gleichzeitig nach Länge klassifiziert und fraktioniert sowie Überkorn, Staub und Fremdkörper entfernt werden können. Weiterhin kann zwischen dem ersten und dem zweiten Verfahrensschritt eine Silo- und Dosiereinrichtung vorgeschaltet sein. Wenn doch ein Röstvorgang vorgesehen werden soll, kann dieser dem zweiten Verfahrensschritt unmittelbar vorgeschaltet werden.The subsequent separation of fibers and shives can be advantageous with the help of sieves and / or classifiers, the fibers also taking place simultaneously classified according to length and fractionated as well as oversize, dust and foreign bodies can be removed. Furthermore, between the first and a silo and dosing device connected upstream of the second process step his. If a roasting process is to be provided, this can be done second process step are immediately upstream.

Die erzeugten kurzen Fasern können mit ihrer neuen Geometrie, mit einer bevorzugten Länge zwischen 2 und 50 mm, längere Fasern bis etwa 100 mm sind aber ebenfalls denkbar, in neue technische Anwendungsgebiete vorstoßen, in denen bis heute synthetische Fasern vorherrschen, so daß insgesamt mit einem großen Comeback der Bastfasergewächse zu rechnen ist. Diese Fasern, die früher überwiegend im Textil- und Bekleidungsbereich eine große Rolle gespielt haben, finden nun sehr viel größere Anwendungsgebiete wie zum Beispiel als Verstärkungsfasern, die In Kunststoffe eingearbeitet werden, als Kurzfasern, die zu Vliesen und Filzen verarbeitet werden, als Kurzfasern, die zu tiefziehfähigen Matten für die Herstellung von Formteilen verarbeitet werden oder als Kurzfasern, die für die Herstellung von Wärmedämmstoffen für das Bauwesen benutzt werden.The short fibers can be created with their new geometry, with a preferred length between 2 and 50 mm, longer fibers up to about 100 mm but are also conceivable to venture into new technical fields of application, in which synthetic fibers predominate to this day, so that overall a big comeback of the bast fiber family is to be expected. This Fibers, which used to be a major component mainly in the textile and clothing sector Role have now found much larger areas of application such as for example as reinforcing fibers that are incorporated into plastics, as short fibers, which are processed into nonwovens and felts, as short fibers, processed into deep-drawable mats for the production of molded parts are or as short fibers used for the production of thermal insulation materials be used for construction.

Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen.Further advantageous embodiments of the invention result from the subclaims.

Claims (6)

  1. Method for the removal of fibres or wood from bast fibre plants, preferably from regrowing raw materials, wherein the starting material is preliminarily comminuted before the removal of fibres or wood, characterised in that the starting material is preliminarily comminuted into pieces of pourable and/or flowable consistency and these pieces subsequently have their fibres removed in a mill rotating at high speed.
  2. Method according to claim 1, characterised in that the removal of the fibres takes place by the effect of impact and/or friction and/or shear.
  3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the fibres and shavings are separated by the use of sieves and/or graders.
  4. Method according to one of the claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the starting material is preliminarily comminuted into approximately equally long pieces.
  5. Method according to one of the claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the preliminarily comminuted starting material is roasted.
  6. Method according to one of the claims 1 to 5 for the extraction of fibres of a length between 1 and 100 millimetres, preferably between 2 and 50 millimetres.
EP96107664A 1995-05-21 1996-05-14 Method for the defibration respectively decorticating of bast fiber plants Expired - Lifetime EP0744477B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19518188 1995-05-21
DE19518188A DE19518188C2 (en) 1995-05-21 1995-05-21 Process for fiber removal or de-wooding of bast fiber plants

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EP0744477A2 EP0744477A2 (en) 1996-11-27
EP0744477A3 EP0744477A3 (en) 1997-08-06
EP0744477B1 true EP0744477B1 (en) 2000-01-26

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EP (1) EP0744477B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE189275T1 (en)
DE (2) DE19518188C2 (en)
ES (1) ES2143104T3 (en)
GR (1) GR3033031T3 (en)
PT (1) PT744477E (en)

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ATE189275T1 (en) 2000-02-15
EP0744477A2 (en) 1996-11-27
GR3033031T3 (en) 2000-08-31
DE19518188C2 (en) 1998-06-10
EP0744477A3 (en) 1997-08-06
PT744477E (en) 2000-06-30
DE59604269D1 (en) 2000-03-02
DE19518188A1 (en) 1996-11-28
ES2143104T3 (en) 2000-05-01

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