EP0744477A2 - Method for the defibration respectively decorticating of bast fiber plants - Google Patents

Method for the defibration respectively decorticating of bast fiber plants Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0744477A2
EP0744477A2 EP96107664A EP96107664A EP0744477A2 EP 0744477 A2 EP0744477 A2 EP 0744477A2 EP 96107664 A EP96107664 A EP 96107664A EP 96107664 A EP96107664 A EP 96107664A EP 0744477 A2 EP0744477 A2 EP 0744477A2
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fibers
bast fiber
pieces
starting material
fiber plants
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EP0744477B1 (en
EP0744477A3 (en
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Rolf Prof. Dr. Hesch
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01B—MECHANICAL TREATMENT OF NATURAL FIBROUS OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL TO OBTAIN FIBRES OF FILAMENTS, e.g. FOR SPINNING
    • D01B1/00—Mechanical separation of fibres from plant material, e.g. seeds, leaves, stalks
    • D01B1/10—Separating vegetable fibres from stalks or leaves
    • D01B1/14—Breaking or scutching, e.g. of flax; Decorticating

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for defibering or de-wooding bast fiber plants, such as flax hemp, kenaf and jute.
  • Renewable raw materials are becoming increasingly popular because they not only conserve existing resources, but also make a contribution to reducing the CO2 known as greenhouse gases.
  • Some processes for textile fiber production are known which aim to obtain fibers that are as long as possible. For flax these can have a length of approx. 500 - 1000 mm, for hemp also 1000 - 2000 mm.
  • the bast fiber plants used are roasted before the fibers are extracted, often called deforestation. Through such a roasting process, the pectin layer, which connects fibers and wood with each other, is broken down or at least weakened. The degradation takes place either enzymatically by roasting bacteria or chemically.
  • the following systems are known in particular: river roast, pond roast, basin roast and dew roast, the latter being the most imperfect.
  • the main area of application for this material which is preferably produced as long fiber, is the production of textiles. At Jute, the focus is on the production of sacks and fabrics for the non-clothing sector.
  • the defibering / de-cleaving is carried out without a previous roasting process.
  • a more uneven fiber is obtained, which is additionally also coarser and less supple.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a process for the de-fiberizing or de-wooding of bast fiber plants, which supplies material for technical purposes, not necessarily for textile further processing, the process itself being supposed to work more economically, more effectively and largely automated than the known processes for the production of long fibers.
  • the first process step of pre-comminuting the bast fiber straw to the desired fiber or stack length has proven to be particularly advantageous.
  • the straw is sheared to a uniform length and, on the other hand, it is transformed into a bulk material in order to be able to better automate the further process path in order to minimize costs.
  • this pre-shredding creates the prerequisites for further processing no wrapping around rotating or stationary machine parts can occur in fast-running or rotating machines. If the straw and straw material were not cut into such high-speed rotating machines, the bast fiber strands would wind around tools, shafts or axes and lead to increased friction until the machine comes to a standstill or is destroyed or, if heated, can possibly lead to a fire.
  • pre-shredding machines which can ensure a uniform or fairly uniform length of the straw sections, in particular choppers such as rotor, disc or sickle choppers or, in the case of crops pressed into bales or round bale cutting mills, which are also called granulators in the plastics industry, furthermore Quar cutter, as they are common in veneer paper processing.
  • choppers such as rotor, disc or sickle choppers or, in the case of crops pressed into bales or round bale cutting mills, which are also called granulators in the plastics industry, furthermore Quar cutter, as they are common in veneer paper processing.
  • the defibering in the second process step advantageously takes place in a high-speed mill, in which the defibering / de-wooding takes place by shear, friction, impact and impact.
  • These are fast rotating machines, as are already known in the wood and plastics industry.
  • chips breakers In the wood industry they are mainly used as chip breakers, in the plastics industry they are used for the production of granules and powders.
  • pharmaceutical industry and food technology they are used in modified form predominantly for the production of powders.
  • mills are also ideal for detaching the fibers of the pre-shredded material from the wooden components.
  • the fiber material obtained is far superior to the so-called green tow made from unroasted straw using conventional technologies in terms of fineness and smoothness.
  • the separated wooden parts however, have a particle size, which they qualify very well as a raw material for the production of panels and thermal insulation materials, especially for bulk insulation.
  • the subsequent separation of fibers and shives can advantageously be carried out with the help of sieves and / or sifters, the fibers also being able to simultaneously classify and fractionate length and remove oversize particles, dust and foreign bodies.
  • a silo and metering device can be connected upstream between the first and the second process step. If, however, a roasting process is to be provided, this can be carried out immediately before the second process step.
  • the short fibers produced with their new geometry, with a preferred length between 2 and 50 mm, longer fibers up to about 100 mm are also conceivable, forge ahead into new technical fields of application in which synthetic fibers predominate to this day, so that a total of one big comeback of the bast fiber family can be expected.
  • These fibers which previously played a major role in the textile and clothing sector, are now used in much larger areas, such as reinforcing fibers that are incorporated into plastics, as short fibers that are processed into nonwovens and felts, and as short fibers that processed into thermoformable mats for the production of molded parts or as short fibers, which are used for the production of thermal insulation materials for the building industry.

Abstract

A process for removing wood or fibre from bast fibre washes is claimed. The raw material is subjected to a preliminary comminution before the removal to form pieces that are of a pourable or flowing consistency. The pieces are subsequently de-fiberised in a mill that rotates at a high speed.

Description

Die Erfindung betriff ein Verfahren zur Entfaserung bzw. Entholzung von Bastfasergewächsen, wie zum Beispiel Flachs Hanf, Kenaf und Jute.The invention relates to a method for defibering or de-wooding bast fiber plants, such as flax hemp, kenaf and jute.

Nachwachsende Rohstoffe erfreuen sich wachsender Beliebtheit, da sie nicht nur die vorhandenen Ressourcen schonen, sondern auch einen Beitrag zur Verminderung des als Treibhausgases bekannten CO2 liefern. Bekannt sind einige Verfahren zur Textilfasererzeugung, die darauf abzielen, möglichst lange Fasern zu gewinnen. Diese können bei Flachs ca. 500 - 1000 mm, bei Hanft auch 1000 - 2000 mm Länge aufweisen. Traditionell werden die verwendeten Bastfasergewächse vor der Gewinnung der Fasern, vielfach auch Entholzung genannt, geröstet. Durch einen solchen Röstvorgang wird die Pektinschicht, welche Fasern und Holz miteinander verbindet, abgebaut oder zumindest geschwächt. Der Abbau erfolgt entweder enzymatisch durch Röstbakterien oder chemisch. Bekannt sind insbesondere folgende Systeme: Flußröste, Teichröste, Bassinröste sowie Tauröste, wobei letztere die unvollkommenste ist.Renewable raw materials are becoming increasingly popular because they not only conserve existing resources, but also make a contribution to reducing the CO2 known as greenhouse gases. Some processes for textile fiber production are known which aim to obtain fibers that are as long as possible. For flax these can have a length of approx. 500 - 1000 mm, for hemp also 1000 - 2000 mm. Traditionally, the bast fiber plants used are roasted before the fibers are extracted, often called deforestation. Through such a roasting process, the pectin layer, which connects fibers and wood with each other, is broken down or at least weakened. The degradation takes place either enzymatically by roasting bacteria or chemically. The following systems are known in particular: river roast, pond roast, basin roast and dew roast, the latter being the most imperfect.

Hauptanwendungsgebiet für dieses vorzugsweise als Langfaser erzeugte Material ist die Herstellung von Textilien. Bei Jute steht die Herstellung von Säcken und Geweben für den Nichtkleidungsbereich im Vordergrund.The main area of application for this material, which is preferably produced as long fiber, is the production of textiles. At Jute, the focus is on the production of sacks and fabrics for the non-clothing sector.

In kleinerem Maße wird die Entfaserung/Entholzung auch ohne vorhergehenden Röstvorgang durchgeführt. Dabei wird jedoch eine ungleichmäßigere Faser erzielt, die zusätzlich auch noch derber und weniger geschmeidig ist.To a lesser extent, the defibering / de-cleaving is carried out without a previous roasting process. However, a more uneven fiber is obtained, which is additionally also coarser and less supple.

Bei konventionellen Verfahren wird das Stroh der Bastfasergewächse durch Brechen geführt. Diese Brechen haben die Aufgabe, den holzigen Kern des Strohs in kleine Stücke zu zerbrechen, die anschließend in Schwingen oder Turbinen durch eine Art Schleuderbewegung von dort Langfasern abgeschleudert werden.In conventional processes, the straw of the bast fiber family is broken. These breaks have the task of breaking the woody core of the straw into small pieces, which then swing or Turbines are thrown off long fibers from there by a kind of spinning motion.

Es sind in jüngster Zeit auch fahrbare Entfaserungs- bzw. Entholzungsmaschinen entwickelt worden, die die Fasern und die Samen für die Ölgewinnung unmittelbar auf den Feldern abernten, die für wertlos erachteten, gebrochenen Holzteile der Bastfaserstengel, auch

Figure imgb0001
Figure imgb0001
Schäben" genannt, aber achtlos liegenlassen.Mobile de-fibering and de-timbering machines have recently been developed that harvest the fibers and seeds for oil production directly on the fields, as well as broken, broken wooden parts of the bast fiber stems
Figure imgb0001
Figure imgb0001
Called shives ", but carelessly left lying there.

Insgesamt ist der betriebene Aufwand für die Gewinnung einer Langfaser ganz erheblich, obwohl für technische Zwecke eine solche Langfaser oftmals nicht erforderlich, in den meisten Fällen sogar nicht einmal verwertbar ist. Dieser Aufwand zur Gewinnung von Fasern bedeutet deshalb Kosten, die für den Zweck einer technischen Verwendung unvertretbar sind.Overall, the effort involved in obtaining a long fiber is quite considerable, although such a long fiber is often not necessary for technical purposes, and in most cases it is not even usable. This effort to obtain fibers therefore means costs that are unacceptable for the purpose of technical use.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, ein Verfahren zur Entfaserung bzw. Entholzung von Bastfasergewächsen zur Verfügung zu stellen, welches Material für technische Zwecke, nicht notwendigerweise zur textilen Weiterverarbeitung liefert, wobei das Verfahren selbst wirtschaftlicher, effektiver und weitgehend automatisierbarer arbeiten soll, als die bekannten Verfahren zur Erzeugung von Langfasern.The object of the invention is to provide a process for the de-fiberizing or de-wooding of bast fiber plants, which supplies material for technical purposes, not necessarily for textile further processing, the process itself being supposed to work more economically, more effectively and largely automated than the known processes for the production of long fibers.

Die Lösung dieser Aufgabe ergibt sich erfindungsgemäß aus den Merkmalen des kennzeichnenden Teils des Hauptanspruches.This object is achieved according to the invention from the features of the characterizing part of the main claim.

Als besonders vorteilhaft erweist sich der erste Verfahrensschritt der Vorzerkleinerung des Bastfaserstrohs auf die angestrebte Faser- bzw. Stapellänge. Hierbei wird das Stroh einerseits auf eine gleichmäßige Länge abgeschert und andererseits in ein Schüttgut verwandelt, um den weiteren Verfahrengweg besser automatisieren zu können, um die Kosten zu minimieren. Weiterhin schafft diese Vorzerkleinerung die Voraussetzung dafür, daß im weiteren Verfahrensweg in schnell laufenden bzw. rotierenden Maschinen keine Umwicklungen um drehende oder stehende Maschinenteile auftreten können. Würde das Stroh- und Halmmaterial nicht gekürzt in solche hochtourig rotierenden Maschinen eingebracht, so würden sich die Bastfaserstränge um Werkzeuge, Wellen oder Achsen wickeln und zu erhöhter Reibung bis zum Stillstand oder der Zerstörung der Maschine oder aber durch Erhitzung möglicherweise bis zum Brand führen.The first process step of pre-comminuting the bast fiber straw to the desired fiber or stack length has proven to be particularly advantageous. On the one hand, the straw is sheared to a uniform length and, on the other hand, it is transformed into a bulk material in order to be able to better automate the further process path in order to minimize costs. Furthermore, this pre-shredding creates the prerequisites for further processing no wrapping around rotating or stationary machine parts can occur in fast-running or rotating machines. If the straw and straw material were not cut into such high-speed rotating machines, the bast fiber strands would wind around tools, shafts or axes and lead to increased friction until the machine comes to a standstill or is destroyed or, if heated, can possibly lead to a fire.

Für die Vorzerkleinerung sind erfindungsgemäß Maschinen vorgesehen, die eine gleichmäßige oder ziemlich gleichmäßige Länge der Halmabschnitte gewährleisten können, insbesondere Häcksler wie Rotor-, Scheiben- oder Sichelhäcksler oder bei zu Ballen gepreßtem Erntegut oder Rundballen Schneidmühlen, die in der Kunststoffindustrie auch Granulatoren genannt werden, Ferner Quarschneider, wie sie in der Furnier- Papierverarbeitung üblich sind.For the pre-shredding machines according to the invention are provided which can ensure a uniform or fairly uniform length of the straw sections, in particular choppers such as rotor, disc or sickle choppers or, in the case of crops pressed into bales or round bale cutting mills, which are also called granulators in the plastics industry, furthermore Quar cutter, as they are common in veneer paper processing.

Die Entfaserung im zweiten Verfahrensschritt findet vorteilhafterweise in einer hochtourig drehenden Mühle statt, in der die Entfaserung/ Entholzung durch Scherung, Reibung, Prall und Schlag erfolgt. Hierbei handelt es sich um schnell drehende Maschinen, wie sie in dar Holz- und Kunststoffindustrie bereits bekannt sind. In der Holzindustrie finden sie überwiegend als Spanzerleger Verwendung, in der Kunststoffindustrie werden sie zur Herstellung von Granulaten und Pulvern verwendet. In der pharmazeutischen Industrie und der Lebensmitteltechnologie werden sie in abgewandelter Form überwiegend zur Herstellung von Pulvern eingesetzt.The defibering in the second process step advantageously takes place in a high-speed mill, in which the defibering / de-wooding takes place by shear, friction, impact and impact. These are fast rotating machines, as are already known in the wood and plastics industry. In the wood industry they are mainly used as chip breakers, in the plastics industry they are used for the production of granules and powders. In the pharmaceutical industry and food technology, they are used in modified form predominantly for the production of powders.

Diese Mühlen eignen sich auch hervorragend dazu, um die Fasern des vorzerkleinetten Materials von den Holzbestandteilen zu lösen. Dabei löst solch die hochfeste, zähe, flexible Faser vom brüchigen, unflexiblen, holzigen Kern und die holzigen Teile werden je nach Drehzahl der Maschine und Werkzeugausstoffung in Schöben unterschiedlicher Größe zerbrochen. So wird auch mit ungeröstetem Material eine Feinheit und Geschmeidigkeit der Fasern erzielt, welche derjenigen von geröstetem Material bei Anwendung konventioneller Entfaserungstechnologien in etwa gleich kommt. Das gewonnene Fasermaterial ist dagegen dem sogenannten Grünwerg aus ungeröstetem Stroh unter Anwendung konventioneller Technologien in Feinheit und Geschmeidigkeit weit überlegen. Die abgetrennten Holzteile weisen indessen eine Partikelgröße auf, die sie als Rohstoff für die Herstellung von Platten und Wärmedämmstoffen, insbesondere für Schüttdämmungen, sehr gut qualifizieren.These mills are also ideal for detaching the fibers of the pre-shredded material from the wooden components. This releases the high-strength, tough, flexible fiber from the brittle, inflexible, woody core and the woody parts are broken up in shells of different sizes depending on the speed of the machine and the mold material. In this way, the fineness and smoothness of the fibers is achieved even with unroasted material, which is roughly the same as that of roasted material when using conventional fiber removal technologies. The fiber material obtained, on the other hand, is far superior to the so-called green tow made from unroasted straw using conventional technologies in terms of fineness and smoothness. The separated wooden parts, however, have a particle size, which they qualify very well as a raw material for the production of panels and thermal insulation materials, especially for bulk insulation.

Das anschließende Trennen von Fasern und Schäben kann vorteilhaft mit Hilfe von Sieben und/ oder Sichtern erfolgen, wobei die Fasern auch gleichzeitig noch Länge klassifiziert und fraktioniert sowie Überkorn, Staub und Fremdkörper entfernt werden können. Weiterhin kann zwischen dem ersten und dem zweiten Verfahrensschritt eine Silo- und Dosiereinrichtung vorgeschaltet sein. Wenn doch ein Röstvorgang vorgesehen werden soll, kann dieser dem zweiten Verfahrensschritt unmittelbar vorgeschaltet werden.The subsequent separation of fibers and shives can advantageously be carried out with the help of sieves and / or sifters, the fibers also being able to simultaneously classify and fractionate length and remove oversize particles, dust and foreign bodies. Furthermore, a silo and metering device can be connected upstream between the first and the second process step. If, however, a roasting process is to be provided, this can be carried out immediately before the second process step.

Die erzeugten kurzen Fasern können mit ihrer neuen Geometrie, mit einer bevorzugten Länge zwischen 2 und 50 mm, längere Fasern bis etwa 100 mm sind aber ebenfalls denkbar, in neue technische Anwendungsgebiete vorstoßen, in denen bis heute synthetische Fasern vorherrschen, so daß insgesamt mit einem großen Comeback der Bastfasergewächse zu rechnen ist. Diese Fasern, die früher Überwiegend im Textil- und Bekleidungsbereich eine große Rolle gespielt haben, finden nun sehr viel größere Anwendungsgebiete wie zum Beispiel als Verstärkungsfasern, die in Kunststoffe eingearbeitet werden, als Kurzfasern, die zu Vliesen und Filzen verarbeitet werden, als Kurzfasern, die zu tiefziehfähigen Matten für die Herstellung von Formteilen verarbeitet werden oder als Kurzfasern, die für die Herstellung von Wärmedämmstoffen für das Bauwesen benutzt werden.The short fibers produced, with their new geometry, with a preferred length between 2 and 50 mm, longer fibers up to about 100 mm are also conceivable, forge ahead into new technical fields of application in which synthetic fibers predominate to this day, so that a total of one big comeback of the bast fiber family can be expected. These fibers, which previously played a major role in the textile and clothing sector, are now used in much larger areas, such as reinforcing fibers that are incorporated into plastics, as short fibers that are processed into nonwovens and felts, and as short fibers that processed into thermoformable mats for the production of molded parts or as short fibers, which are used for the production of thermal insulation materials for the building industry.

Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen.Further advantageous embodiments of the invention result from the subclaims.

Claims (6)

Verfahren zur Entfaserung bzw. Entholzung von Bastfasergewächsen, vorzugsweise von nachwachsenden Rohstoffen, wobei das Ausgangsmaterial vor der Entfaserung bzw. Entholzung vorzerkleinert wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Ausgangsmaterial in Stücke von schütt- und/oder fließfähiger Konsistenz vorzerkleinert und diese Stücke anschließend in einer hochtourig rotierenden Mühle entfasert werden.Process for the de-fiberizing or de-wooding of bast fiber plants, preferably of renewable raw materials, the starting material being pre-shredded prior to the de-fibering or de-timbering, characterized in that the starting material is pre-shredded into pieces of pourable and / or flowable consistency and these pieces are then processed at high speed rotating mill to be defibered. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Entfaserung durch Einwirkung von Prall und/oder Reibung und/oder Scherung erfolgt.A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the defibering takes place by the action of impact and / or friction and / or shear. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Fasern und Schäben unter Verwendung von Sieben und/oder Sichtern getrennt werden.Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the fibers and shives are separated using sieves and / or sifters. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Ausgangsmaterial annähernd in gleichlange Stücke vorzerkleinert wird.Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the starting material is roughly comminuted into pieces of equal length. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das vorzerkleinerte Ausgangsmaterial geröstet wird.Method according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the pre-comminuted starting material is roasted. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5 zur Gewinnung von Fasern zwischen 1 und 100 mm, vorzugsweise zwischen 2 und 50 mm Länge.Method according to one of claims 1 to 5 for the production of fibers between 1 and 100 mm, preferably between 2 and 50 mm in length.
EP96107664A 1995-05-21 1996-05-14 Method for the defibration respectively decorticating of bast fiber plants Expired - Lifetime EP0744477B1 (en)

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DE19518188A DE19518188C2 (en) 1995-05-21 1995-05-21 Process for fiber removal or de-wooding of bast fiber plants
DE19518188 1995-05-21

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DE19735846A1 (en) * 1997-08-19 1999-02-25 Christof Ziegert Adding hemp shives and/or fibers to clay building materials
DE19736526A1 (en) * 1997-08-22 1999-02-25 Roland Meingast Unfired loam and-or clay building material mixture
DE19756046B4 (en) * 1997-12-17 2008-01-03 Institut für Agrartechnik Bornim e.V. Process for harvesting, preserving, processing and processing hemp
DE19925134A1 (en) * 1999-06-02 2000-12-07 Ake Innotech Automatisierung K Prodn of matting with randomly laid fibers uses vegetable matter taken from harvest byproducts to be broken down and separated into fiber and non-fiber fractions in an economic process
DE102007019849B3 (en) * 2007-04-25 2008-09-04 Carmen Hock-Heyl Manufacturing material that can be glued from fibrous plants and derived board involves cutting, separating and drying especially hemp or flax or a mixture thereof
DE102013013657A1 (en) 2013-08-16 2014-01-30 Bast & Faser GmbH Prenzlau Method for isolating phloem bark of timber portion from e.g. flax, for manufacturing phloem bark product in e.g. automotive industry, involves dividing the tissue for disconnecting phloem bark by tractive force from timber portion
EP2963197B1 (en) 2014-06-30 2017-11-22 NAPORO Klima Dämmstoff GmbH Method for crushing renewable raw materials of flax plant material, for further processing, in particular to form insulating material mats, and crushed renewable raw materials obtained by this process.

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GR3033031T3 (en) 2000-08-31
DE19518188A1 (en) 1996-11-28
DE59604269D1 (en) 2000-03-02
EP0744477B1 (en) 2000-01-26
ATE189275T1 (en) 2000-02-15
PT744477E (en) 2000-06-30
EP0744477A3 (en) 1997-08-06
DE19518188C2 (en) 1998-06-10
ES2143104T3 (en) 2000-05-01

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