Classifications

• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
  • D01B—MECHANICAL TREATMENT OF NATURAL FIBROUS OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL TO OBTAIN FIBRES OF FILAMENTS, e.g. FOR SPINNING
  • D01B1/00—Mechanical separation of fibres from plant material, e.g. seeds, leaves, stalks
  • D01B1/10—Separating vegetable fibres from stalks or leaves
  • D01B1/14—Breaking or scutching, e.g. of flax; Decorticating

Definitions

• the invention relates to a method for defibering or de-wooding bast fiber plants, such as flax hemp, kenaf and jute.
• Renewable raw materials are becoming increasingly popular because they not only conserve existing resources, but also make a contribution to reducing the CO2 known as greenhouse gases.
• Some processes for textile fiber production are known which aim to obtain fibers that are as long as possible. For flax these can have a length of approx. 500 - 1000 mm, for hemp also 1000 - 2000 mm.
• the bast fiber plants used are roasted before the fibers are extracted, often called deforestation. Through such a roasting process, the pectin layer, which connects fibers and wood with each other, is broken down or at least weakened. The degradation takes place either enzymatically by roasting bacteria or chemically.
• the following systems are known in particular: river roast, pond roast, basin roast and dew roast, the latter being the most imperfect.
• the main area of application for this material which is preferably produced as long fiber, is the production of textiles. At Jute, the focus is on the production of sacks and fabrics for the non-clothing sector.
• the defibering / de-cleaving is carried out without a previous roasting process.
• a more uneven fiber is obtained, which is additionally also coarser and less supple.
• the object of the invention is to provide a process for the de-fiberizing or de-wooding of bast fiber plants, which supplies material for technical purposes, not necessarily for textile further processing, the process itself being supposed to work more economically, more effectively and largely automated than the known processes for the production of long fibers.
• the first process step of pre-comminuting the bast fiber straw to the desired fiber or stack length has proven to be particularly advantageous.
• the straw is sheared to a uniform length and, on the other hand, it is transformed into a bulk material in order to be able to better automate the further process path in order to minimize costs.
• this pre-shredding creates the prerequisites for further processing no wrapping around rotating or stationary machine parts can occur in fast-running or rotating machines. If the straw and straw material were not cut into such high-speed rotating machines, the bast fiber strands would wind around tools, shafts or axes and lead to increased friction until the machine comes to a standstill or is destroyed or, if heated, can possibly lead to a fire.
• pre-shredding machines which can ensure a uniform or fairly uniform length of the straw sections, in particular choppers such as rotor, disc or sickle choppers or, in the case of crops pressed into bales or round bale cutting mills, which are also called granulators in the plastics industry, furthermore Quar cutter, as they are common in veneer paper processing.
• choppers such as rotor, disc or sickle choppers or, in the case of crops pressed into bales or round bale cutting mills, which are also called granulators in the plastics industry, furthermore Quar cutter, as they are common in veneer paper processing.
• the defibering in the second process step advantageously takes place in a high-speed mill, in which the defibering / de-wooding takes place by shear, friction, impact and impact.
• These are fast rotating machines, as are already known in the wood and plastics industry.
• chips breakers In the wood industry they are mainly used as chip breakers, in the plastics industry they are used for the production of granules and powders.
• pharmaceutical industry and food technology they are used in modified form predominantly for the production of powders.
• mills are also ideal for detaching the fibers of the pre-shredded material from the wooden components.
• the fiber material obtained is far superior to the so-called green tow made from unroasted straw using conventional technologies in terms of fineness and smoothness.
• the separated wooden parts however, have a particle size, which they qualify very well as a raw material for the production of panels and thermal insulation materials, especially for bulk insulation.
• the subsequent separation of fibers and shives can advantageously be carried out with the help of sieves and / or sifters, the fibers also being able to simultaneously classify and fractionate length and remove oversize particles, dust and foreign bodies.
• a silo and metering device can be connected upstream between the first and the second process step. If, however, a roasting process is to be provided, this can be carried out immediately before the second process step.
• the short fibers produced with their new geometry, with a preferred length between 2 and 50 mm, longer fibers up to about 100 mm are also conceivable, forge ahead into new technical fields of application in which synthetic fibers predominate to this day, so that a total of one big comeback of the bast fiber family can be expected.
• These fibers which previously played a major role in the textile and clothing sector, are now used in much larger areas, such as reinforcing fibers that are incorporated into plastics, as short fibers that are processed into nonwovens and felts, and as short fibers that processed into thermoformable mats for the production of molded parts or as short fibers, which are used for the production of thermal insulation materials for the building industry.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Textile Engineering (AREA)
• Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)
• Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
• Fertilizers (AREA)
• Preliminary Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
• Disintegrating Or Milling (AREA)
• Dry Formation Of Fiberboard And The Like (AREA)
• Debarking, Splitting, And Disintegration Of Timber (AREA)
• Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (3)

Family

ID=7762203

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (6)

Cited By (39)

Families Citing this family (9)

Citations (4)

Family Cites Families (1)

• 1995
  • 1995-05-21 DE DE19518188A patent/DE19518188C2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 1996
  • 1996-05-14 AT AT96107664T patent/ATE189275T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1996-05-14 EP EP96107664A patent/EP0744477B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1996-05-14 PT PT96107664T patent/PT744477E/pt unknown
  • 1996-05-14 DE DE59604269T patent/DE59604269D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1996-05-14 ES ES96107664T patent/ES2143104T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 2000
  • 2000-03-22 GR GR20000400717T patent/GR3033031T3/el not_active IP Right Cessation

Patent Citations (4)

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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