WO2004053211A1 - Procede et dispositif permettant d'extraire des fibres naturelles et/ou des faisceaux de fibres naturelles de matieres premieres fibreuses renouvelables et leur utilisation - Google Patents

Procede et dispositif permettant d'extraire des fibres naturelles et/ou des faisceaux de fibres naturelles de matieres premieres fibreuses renouvelables et leur utilisation Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2004053211A1
WO2004053211A1 PCT/EP2002/014020 EP0214020W WO2004053211A1 WO 2004053211 A1 WO2004053211 A1 WO 2004053211A1 EP 0214020 W EP0214020 W EP 0214020W WO 2004053211 A1 WO2004053211 A1 WO 2004053211A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fiber
fiberization
raw material
natural
raw materials
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PCT/EP2002/014020
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Piet Jacob Ijben
Lothar Rauer
Hans-Jürgen STEIGER
Jan Braam
Michael Neumann
Gert Schubert
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Foundation For Development Aid
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Priority to PCT/EP2002/014020 priority Critical patent/WO2004053211A1/fr
Priority to AU2002361044A priority patent/AU2002361044A1/en
Publication of WO2004053211A1 publication Critical patent/WO2004053211A1/fr

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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01B—MECHANICAL TREATMENT OF NATURAL FIBROUS OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL TO OBTAIN FIBRES OF FILAMENTS, e.g. FOR SPINNING
    • D01B1/00—Mechanical separation of fibres from plant material, e.g. seeds, leaves, stalks
    • D01B1/10—Separating vegetable fibres from stalks or leaves
    • D01B1/14—Breaking or scutching, e.g. of flax; Decorticating
    • D01B1/22—Breaking or scutching, e.g. of flax; Decorticating with crushing or breaking rollers or plates

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and a device for obtaining natural fibers and / or natural fiber bundles from fiber-containing, renewable raw materials, in particular from bamboo and other grasses, and to the use of such fibers and / or fiber bundles.
  • bamboo has tensile strength values ⁇ tension . ⁇ 450 MPa and bending strength ⁇ B i eg . ⁇ 250 MPa with elongation at break 8.0 - 9.3%. This results in considerable potential for reinforcing different matrix systems.
  • An essential boundary condition for the use of fibers and / or fiber bundles obtained from fiber-containing, renewable raw materials, in particular from bamboo materials, as reinforcing materials of substances with organic and / or mineral matrix systems is the fineness of the fibers or fiber bundles obtained Accordingly, there is a need to prepare the fibers and / or fiber bundles for different finenesses depending on a composition of the organic and / or inorganic matrix systems and the application conditions to be taken into account. Particular attention should be paid to the degree of slenderness, ie the ratio of length I to width d of the fibers and / or fiber bundles.
  • a raw material preparation for obtaining bamboo fibers is known, according to which mechanical bamboo fiberization is carried out to expose as many microfibrils formed on the surfaces of the bamboo particles (in particular the parenchyma cells).
  • the fibers obtained in this way are suitable as reinforcing materials in matrix materials. This exposure of the microfibrils creates a precondition for the fact that the bamboo articles, which are technically producible in lengths of ⁇ 60-65 mm, can be mechanically combined with other finely divided fibers.
  • this object is achieved by a method for obtaining natural fibers and / or natural fiber bundles from fiber-containing renewable raw materials, in particular from bamboo and other grasses, the raw material to be fiberized by mechanical stressing of transverse fiberization along structural boundaries and / or intergrowth limits between fiber-containing and non-fiber-containing materials - exposed to components of the raw material.
  • the raw material property of the renewable raw material is exploited so that bamboo and other grasses can be broken down into needle-like elements of great length by means of targeted comminution along structural and / or intergrowth limits existing in the entire stem cross section between fiber-containing and non-fiber-containing components can extend into the area of the fiber cells arranged in parallel in the vascular bundles.
  • needle-like natural fibers or natural fiber bundles made of fiber-containing renewable raw materials can be processed with the processing technology according to the invention. Fabrics are made.
  • the raw material is mainly broken up along natural structural boundaries with the method according to the invention due to the cross-fraying, a high proportion of fiber elements with length / thickness ratios> 100 can be achieved in the discharge material. This means that predominantly long, slim fibers or fiber bundles can be produced.
  • the mechanical stress acts radially on a stem structure of the raw material on the raw material and / or the resulting cross-fiberization products.
  • the raw material is comminuted, in particular cut, into sections of a certain length in a process step upstream of the cross-fiberization, and the resulting portions are fed to the cross-fiberization.
  • the length of the cut sections is preferably determined in accordance with a maximum fiber length to be produced, with particular lengths between 50 mm ⁇ I HS ⁇ 70 mm being used.
  • the raw material and / or the raw material comminuted into parts is fed to the transverse fiberization, with an orientation of the raw material or the partial parts transversely, in particular perpendicularly, to one Direction of pressure and / or shear stress occurs.
  • the cross-fiberization products obtained from the cross-fiberization are preferably classified into individual fiber or fiber bundle thickness classes and / or fiber or fiber bundle length classes.
  • the above-mentioned object is achieved by a device for obtaining natural fibers and / or natural fiber bundles from fiber-containing, renewable raw materials with at least one cross-fiberization device and a feed system for feeding raw material to the cross-fiberization device.
  • a comminution device for the raw material is provided, the comminution device being arranged upstream of the transverse defibrillation device, and the raw material being comminuted, in particular cut up, into sections of a certain length by means of the comminution device, and the resulting sections being fed to the transverse defibrillation.
  • the comminution device preferably raw material chopped pieces, in particular with piece lengths between 50 mm ⁇ I HS ⁇ 70 mm or raw material billets for coarse fibering with piece lengths in the piece length l SC unit ⁇ 600 mm can be produced.
  • the feed system has means for aligning and feeding the raw material and / or the raw material comminuted into parts to the cross-fiberization device, by means of which a fiber orientation of the raw material and / or the raw material comminuted into parts can be generated transversely to mechanical stress by the cross-defibrating device ,
  • the feed system for feeding raw material and / or raw material comminuted into partial pieces to the cross fiberizing device can have guide plates and / or vibratory conveying devices.
  • the transverse fiberizing device has at least two pressure and / or shear stressing tools arranged one after the other and / or one above the other, each of the pressure and / or shear stressing tools representing a separate transverse fiberizing step.
  • the pressure and / or shear stressing tools can be used as corresponding pairs of rollers, in particular special smooth crushing rollers, be formed.
  • the cross-fiberization device can have a multi-stage roller mill with at least two roller pairs arranged one after the other and / or one above the other, the raw material and / or raw material comminuted into parts being able to be fed axially parallel to an axis of rotation of the rollers of the roller pairs by means of the feed system.
  • the roller mill can have three roller pairs arranged one after the other and / or one above the other. Each of these pairs of rollers acts as a cross fiberization stage.
  • nips are formed between the corresponding rollers of the roller pairs arranged one after the other and / or one above the other, wherein a width of the roller nip of at least one of the roller pairs is different from the widths of the roller nips of the other roller pairs.
  • at least one of the corresponding roller pairs can have an adjustable roller nip, the roller nip being adjustable independently of the roller nips of the other corresponding roller pairs.
  • said first corresponding pair of rollers of the roller mill mm in particular, a gap adjustment between 1 mm ⁇ s Spa ⁇ t ⁇ 3, the second roller pair in particular, a gap adjustment between 0 , 5 mm ⁇ s Spa ⁇ t ⁇ 1 mm, and the third roller pair have in particular a gap adjustment between 0 mm ⁇ Sspait ⁇ 0.5 mm.
  • the roll gaps of the roll pairs can be reduced to technologically effective gap widths s Spa ⁇ t ⁇ 0.1 mm, which enables the raw material to be finely shredded as a prerequisite for textile connection processing technologies for the fibers.
  • the roller mill has a drive system with which variable speeds of the individual rollers of the corresponding roller pairs of the roller mill are made possible, the respective rollers belonging together being able to rotate in the same or opposite directions and with the same or different circumferential speeds, in particular with stepless speed adjustment with a Slip ⁇ 75%, preferably ⁇ 50%, can be operated.
  • a Slip ⁇ 75% preferably ⁇ 50%
  • the device for obtaining natural fibers and / or natural fiber bundles from fiber-containing, renewable raw materials preferably has at least one forwarding device for the raw material and / or the raw material comminuted into partial pieces and / or the resulting cross-fiberization products, the forwarding device between the individual pairs of rollers arranged of the roller mill and is provided for a respective axially parallel feeding thereof with respect to the axes of rotation of the subsequent pair of rollers or for feeding the same to a subsequent fiber transport device and / or fiber treatment device.
  • the device for obtaining natural fibers and / or natural fiber bundles from fiber-containing, renewable raw materials preferably has a combination of individual roller stages with downstream and / or interposed cross-fiberization support systems, the cross-fiberization support systems in particular rotating spiked or brushed rollers with the fineness of the have matched barbed and / or brush assemblies to be obtained from long-fiber cross fiberization products, preferably made of carbon-containing steel wire or of other highly elastic metals such as CrNiFe alloys, with highly elastic knobs made of rubber and / or polyurethane and / or highly elastic thermoplastic synthetic bristles made of polyamides.
  • the device for obtaining natural fibers and / or natural fiber bundles from fiber-containing, renewable raw materials has a downstream device for the mechanical after-treatment of long fibers contained in the transverse fiberization product, brush rollers being arranged after one or more roller pairs used for the transverse fiberization.
  • rollers of the roller mill and / or the spiked or brush rollers of the transverse defibrillation support system and / or the brush rollers of the device for mechanical aftertreatment are preferably axially parallel to the stem structure of the arranged to defibrillate raw material and / or the raw material crushed into pieces.
  • the device can have an arrangement for discharging the long fibers in the transverse fiberization product.
  • a further defibration device for the raw material and / or the raw material comminuted into parts is provided, which is connected in parallel for the transverse defibering of raw material and / or raw material comminuted into parts.
  • This further fiberizing device for the raw material and / or the raw material comminuted into partial pieces can be followed by at least one classifying device.
  • the cross-fiberization products of the cross-fiberization device and the further fiberization device can, however, also be at least partially fed to a common classifying device.
  • the further defibration device can preferably be loaded with raw material chopped pieces, in particular with piece lengths between 50 mm ⁇ l H s ⁇ 70 mm or with raw material billets for coarse defibering with piece lengths in the piece length l Sc ity ⁇ 600 mm.
  • the further fiberizing device can in particular have at least one pan mill and / or at least one roller mill, in particular a screen impact mill with discharge screen bristles and a pneumatic conveying device, for fiberizing the raw material.
  • FIG. 1 is a flow diagram of an embodiment of the method for
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic illustration of a roll nip of a transverse fiberization device
  • FIG. 5 shows a diagram of a process sequence according to a further exemplary embodiment of the method according to the invention.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic representation of a system to support the
  • the present method for the production of natural fibers and / or natural fiber bundles from fiber-containing, renewable raw materials, in particular from bamboo and other grasses is based on the fact that raw material 11, 14 to be fiberized is subjected to mechanical stressing of cross-fiberization along structural boundaries and / or intergrowth boundaries between fiber-containing and non-fiber-containing ones Components of the raw material 11,14 is exposed.
  • the feed material 11, i.e. the fiber-containing raw material to be shredded is fed to a pre-shredding unit 100.
  • the pre-comminution unit 100 is designed as a so-called drum chopper.
  • the pre-shredded feed material is dropped from the drum chipper onto a transport system 101.
  • the transport system 101 is designed as a vibratory conveyor system.
  • the pre-comminuted feed material transported on the vibratory conveyor system slides over a vibrating chute 102 into a feed hopper of a first cross-fiberization stage 103.
  • the first cross-fiberization stage 103 has a pair of rollers with two corresponding rollers 103a, 103b, wherein the rollers 103a, 103b are designed as smooth crushing rollers.
  • the feed material Due to the sliding process of the pre-shredded feed material (hereinafter also referred to as feed material) along the vibrating chute 102, the feed material is aligned such that the longitudinal axes of the feed material are arranged parallel to a gap between the two rollers 103a, 103b of the pair of rollers of the first transverse fiberization stage 103.
  • the first cross-fiberization stage 103 acts as a pre-fiberization stage in which a first cross-fiberization of the aligned feed items is carried out.
  • a second transverse defibration stage 105 is arranged downstream of the first transverse defibration stage 103, the pre-defibrated feed items being fed to the second transverse defibration stage 105 via a further chute 104, which aligns the pre-defibrated feed product pieces (the so-called particles), and a feed hopper.
  • the second transverse fiberization stage 105 likewise has a pair of rollers with two corresponding rollers 105a, 105b, the rollers 105a, 105b being designed as smooth comminution rollers.
  • the second cross-fiberization stage 105 acts as a further fiberization stage, in which the aligned and pre-fiberized feed items are cross-fiberized.
  • a third cross-fiberization stage 107 is arranged, the cross-fiberized feed material of the third cross-fiberization stage 107 being fed via a further chute 106, which aligns the cross-fiberized feed material (the so-called particles), and a feed hopper.
  • the third transverse fiberization stage 107 likewise has a pair of rollers with two corresponding rollers 107a, 107b, the rollers 107a, 107b being designed as smooth comminution rollers.
  • the third cross fiberization stage 107 acts as an additional fiberization stage in which a further cross fiberization of the aligned and pre-fiberized feed items is carried out.
  • a chute 104, 106 which aligns the particles parallel to the axis, is arranged in front of the second and third transverse fiberization stages 105, 107.
  • the term par The article describes the respective feed material at the corresponding cross fiberization levels.
  • a wall inclination of the chutes 102, 04, 106 is adjusted to the sliding properties of the differently pre-or cross-frayed feed material.
  • the chutes 102, 104, 106 are each coupled to a controllable vibration exciter.
  • the feed material fiberized by means of the cross fiberization stages 103, 105, 107 After the feed material fiberized by means of the cross fiberization stages 103, 105, 107 has left the third cross fiberization stage 107, it is fed onto a classifier 108.
  • Classifying air 108 is supplied with classifying air 110 from a classifying air blower 109.
  • the shredded feed material is divided into several size fractions K1, K2, K3, the so-called particle classes, by means of the classifying air 110 supplied by the classifying air blower 109. These particle classes K1, K2, K3 are removed from the classifier.
  • FIG. 2 shows a further exemplary embodiment of the present method schematically as a flow chart, the features of the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1 described above also applying to the second exemplary embodiment.
  • the raw bamboo to be shredded in the form of pre-shredded wood chips 11 with freely selectable piece lengths in the range 50 mm ⁇ IH S ⁇ 70 mm is a roller pair 21, 22 (in the present case arranged three in succession) and 23 existing defibration unit 2 for cross defibrillation.
  • Each of the pairs of rollers represents a cross-fiberization stage.
  • the respective feed material is given to the individual cross-fiberization stages in such a way that the fiber alignment largely corresponds to the roller axes.
  • the feed material 1 is loaded transversely to its fiber direction, which results in a high proportion of long, slender defibration products and the proportion of fines to be separated with unfavorable ratios of lp art / dp ar t remains as small as possible.
  • rollers 21, 22, 23 of the defibration unit 2 are driven in opposite directions, with the same or different peripheral speeds stepless speed adjustment with a slip of ⁇ + 50%.
  • the rollers according to the present exemplary embodiment have smooth roller surfaces.
  • a nip Spa s i t is schematically shown, the representative is available for all nips of the Querzermaschineungs wornen 21, 22,23.
  • the setting this nip s Spa ⁇ t to be observed conditions and physical parameters are the diameter D, and the number of revolutions ni for the roller Wi and the diameter D 2 and the number of revolutions n 2 W for the roll. 2
  • the gap width s to be adjusted to maintain a certain fiber length and slenderness is a function of the diameter and number of revolutions of both rollers:
  • Necessary f (D * ⁇ , D 2 , n * ⁇ , n 2 ).
  • an adjustment of the gap between the rollers is made possible for each pair of rollers 21, 22, 23 of the cross-fiberizing device 2 (i.e. the roller mill) independently of the other pairs of rollers.
  • the first pair of rollers 21 has a gap adjustment option in the range of 1 mm ⁇ Ssp a it ⁇ 3 mm in order to ensure good feed conditions for the feed material.
  • a gap adjustment of 0.5 mm ⁇ s Spa ⁇ ⁇ 1 mm and for the third pair of rollers 23 in the present embodiment, a gap-adjustment of 0 mm ⁇ s Spa ⁇ t ⁇ 0.5 mm provided.
  • the roller pairs 21, 22, 23 are arranged one above the other and each have an overhead task (chute 102, 104, 106 with a feed hopper according to the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 1) and a (common) lower trigger 24 for the cross-frayed material 12, which means that results in a particularly favorable arrangement in terms of apparatus and technology.
  • the cross-fiberized discharge material of the cross-fiberization device 2 is transported further after the third (and in the present exemplary embodiment, last) roller stage 23 via a take-off device (transport device) 24 covering at least the roller width used for the last cross-fiberization stage 23.
  • the extraction device 24 is designed as a continuous conveyor or as a belt conveyor.
  • the discharge material is fed into a bunker bag 25 by the discharge device 24.
  • the discharge material is then fed from the bunker bag 25 into a wind sifting system 4 by means of conveying devices such as a cellular wheel sluice 31, a double pendulum flap 32 or an injector nozzle 33.
  • conveying devices such as a cellular wheel sluice 31, a double pendulum flap 32 or an injector nozzle 33.
  • the material to be discharged is classified according to length and size classes, in the present case into four particle classes 41, 42, 43, 44.
  • the components of the material to be discharged that is to say in particular the fibers and / or fiber bundles of the air sifting system 4, are essentially abandoned, thereby ensuring the mobility of the elongated fibers and / or fiber bundles in the air stream. This enables a good selectivity by means of the wind sifting system 4.
  • the wind sifting system 4 is directly involved in the pneumatic conveying.
  • This direct integration is an effective means of avoiding the formation of fiber agglomerates ("fiber balls") and the associated deterioration in the classification results.
  • the classification process takes place in the upstream.
  • the speed of the visible air in this case the upstream air speed to the fiber classes to be produced 42 (for example with d part > 2 mm), 43 (for example with 1 mm ⁇ dp a rt ⁇ 2 mm) and 44 (for example with ⁇ part ⁇ 1 mm) adjustable.
  • the fine material fraction 41 still present in the conveying air after the air classifier 4 (for example with a dimension of the particles d Part ⁇ 0.1 mm) is separated off in a two-stage separation process for further technological use.
  • the purification system for the exhaust air 53 provided for this purpose consists of an upstream fine-grain cyclone 51 and a fine-grain bag filter 52 connected in series with the cyclone and Associated facilities, not explicitly shown here, for the removal of the merged but also separately removable fines 41.
  • exhaust air dust contents of ⁇ 1 mg / m 3 can be maintained, on the one hand, and, on the other hand, a very extensive material recycling of the different fiberization products of bamboo is achieved.
  • a conventional fiberizing system for bamboo chips 11 with dimensions l part ⁇ 60 mm is connected in parallel with the method (and thus also the system configuration according to the exemplary embodiments already described above).
  • This conventional defibration system has a screen impact mill 6 with discharge screen grids with a screen gap geometry of 3 mm x 60 mm.
  • a pneumatic conveyor 7 connects to this conventional defibration system.
  • the shredded discharge material 13 of the screen impact mill 6 together with the discharge material 12 of the defibrillation unit 2 is pneumatically fed to the above-described wind sifter 4 with the supply air 61 and into those already defined in connection with the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 2 Fractions 42, 43 and 44 divided.
  • both fractions 43 and 44 run on separate screening machines 81, 82.
  • the materials 41a, 41b separated in these screening machines 81, 82 are added to the fine grain fraction 41.
  • FIG. 2 shows the conventional defibration system 6 for coarse defibration described above in connection with FIG. 4.
  • supply air 61 is sucked in through the grinding chamber of the mill 6 used for coarse fiberization, so that the processing products 13 are conveyed pneumatically and fed to the (already described) air classifier 4.
  • the finely divided particles 41 obtained in different phases of the defibration process and the transverse defibration process are separated with d F ⁇ 0.1 mm according to their different granulometric properties and fed to a corresponding material recycling, as can be seen from the flow diagram shown in FIG. 5.
  • both a vibrating sieve machine 81 and / or 82 equipped with different elongated sieve bottoms and an upstream air classifier 4 designed as a multi-stage apparatus can be used.
  • Decisive for a device selection is the possibility of difficult to fiberize 13 with reasonable mass throughputs and to divide them into fractions of different particle diameters, that in particular the desired quality of the medium fractions 43 and 44 to be discharged is achieved with regard to the proportions of certain fiber bundle thicknesses and lengths.
  • the wind sifting 4 is technologically more advantageous than the pure sieve classification 81 and / or 82. Accordingly, as already described in connection with FIG. 4, the fractions 43 and 44 are each fed separately to a sieve classification 81 and 82 for separate reclassification.
  • the coarse fraction 42 can be re-chamfered together with the bamboo billets 14 in the cross-fiberization stages 21 to 23 of the cross-fiberization device 2.
  • This procedure is not explicitly shown in FIG. 5, but is fundamentally possible and useful if the task 11, 14 and / or 42 of the feed items 11, 14 and / or 42 to be defibrated in the roll fiberizing unit 21 to 23 that is to be used in the first and second exemplary embodiment is technically and technologically appropriate controlled.
  • the long fibers 40 produced from the billets 14 are subjected to treatment on an air jet sieve 26 for separating fines and for holding non-fibrous particles.
  • the long fibers 40 to be fed in are placed, above all for the purpose of mechanical transport, on a sieve bottom equipped with guideways and elongated perforated sieve plates, which is at the same time provided with adjustable air jet nozzles for cleaning the long fibers 40.
  • the fine material 40a from the air jet sieve 26 is fed to the air classifier 4 together with the discharge material 13 from the sieve impact mill 6 and classified together.
  • the combined procedure according to the embodiment according to Fig. 5 can also be modified so that the production of a longer-fiber middle fraction 43 or 44 is omitted and in addition to the production of long fibers 40 special attention is paid to the production of a fine-fiber finished product 41 with particle lengths well below that of wood chips with IH S ⁇ 60 mm ,
  • the feed material 11 would have to be set to the shortest possible chips with 1 H s ⁇ 20 mm and the separation of one of the above-mentioned middle fractions could be omitted instead of feeding long chips.
  • brush rollers can be arranged after one or more pairs of rollers used for transverse fiberization.
  • FIG. 6 The schematic structure of such a system for supporting the cross fiberization is shown in FIG. 6.
  • Rotating rollers with brushes are used for the purpose of the task.
  • a transverse fiberization support device is arranged in each case after the first and after the second transverse fiberization stage.
  • Each of the transverse fiberization support devices has a pair of rollers with rotating rollers, each of the rollers being equipped with a brush assembly.
  • the cross-fiberization means that not enough feed material flow can be broken down into individual fiber bundles in accordance with the previously achieved cross-fiberization effect: • through special surface designs such as knobs, pens, brushes, etc., and / or
  • the first roller pair can be equipped with fine surface profiles in the longitudinal and / or circumferential direction in order to improve the draw-in conditions in the roller gap, and that the brushing of the support device to the surface profile of the upstream Defibration rollers must be coordinated.
  • An essential technological further use of the long fiber bundles produced using the described methods according to the first to third exemplary embodiments is the production of thin nonwovens, possibly with subsequent roving, in particular on a carding machine or a nonwoven laying unit, preferably with upstream aerodynamic mixing.
  • thin nonwovens possibly with subsequent roving, in particular on a carding machine or a nonwoven laying unit, preferably with upstream aerodynamic mixing.
  • additional surface treatment of the cross-fringing products eg consisting of the NaOH treatment, washing and drying stages.
  • a combination of several preparation process stages or the associated machines is used to obtain fibers or fiber-containing particles from fiber-containing renewable raw materials, in particular bamboo-like and other grasses, which are suitable as reinforcing materials for substances with organic and / or mineral matrix systems taught in a one- or multi-stage shredding and classification process, the pre-shredded feed pieces made of bamboo and / or other materials being shredded / shredded, preferably along structural boundaries and / or cell walls (cross shredding) and the shredding process is followed by a post-treatment , which consists of a length assembly and a one- or multi-stage classification process as well as the associated fiber material transport.
  • the resulting virtually residue-free dry processing technology for bamboo after the production of wood chips, is oriented towards the further shredding possibilities of axial splitting along growth interfaces inside and / or outside of bundles of vessels as well as the application of pressure and shear stresses to dissolve strong fiber bundles in as many as possible individual fiber cells.
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 show how the present transverse fiberization can be combined with conventional fiberizing units. It is taken into account that one (or more) classifying unit (s) must be connected after each defibration stage. In addition, in the interest of good visualization results, low solids concentrations are added to the classification, which ensures free movement of the bamboo particles to be classified in the turbulent carrier air flow.
  • the materials to be defibrated be strained in a targeted manner along structural boundaries and / or cell walls in such a way that there are fewer existing zones in the cross-section of the stem between the longitudinally continuous guide bundles with high proportions of fiber cells Strength (with a dominant proportion of parenchyma cells) until partial or complete dissolution of the structural bond in the radial direction.
  • the best way to achieve this is to apply a pressure and shear stress that is increased over several process stages, and at the same time to ensure a mechanical stress applied across the stem structure in the interest of optimizing the results.
  • This load can be calculated as a pressure build-up between 2 cylinders or a cylinder and a flat surface according to the Hertzian equation, wherein the load solely by the applied forces, the elastic and geometric properties of the at gap widths s Spa ⁇ t ⁇ 0 mm successive pressing and in opposite directions to move preferably pressure and shear stress tools designed as cylindrical bodies.
  • the above description discloses, inter alia, a process for the production of natural fibers from fiber-containing renewable raw materials, preferably bamboo and other grasses, with the intention of breaking down whole stalks or parts thereof into fiber-like products of great length which are oriented towards the structure of the vegetable guide bundle Decomposition of the raw material into fibers / fiber bundles of variable length and thickness from the elementary fiber range (with 0 F ⁇ 15 ⁇ * ⁇ 30 ⁇ m at 1 mm ⁇ l F ⁇ 4 mm) up to the fiber bundle (with 0 FB ⁇ 0.05 + 2 mm and l FB ⁇ 500 + 700 mm) such that the products are largely free of non-fibrous components and, after passing through the preparation line, have the fiber length and fiber thickness distributions required for the respective application.
  • the above description also discloses a comminution method and a comminution device with a feed system for the above-mentioned raw materials, which ensures an alignment of the feed material axially parallel to the subsequent comminution / defibration tools for all straw-like materials to be defibrated, in particular with the aid of guide plates and vibratory conveying devices across the grain in the feed material by the roller-shaped crushing tools rotating at different circumferential speeds ensures that a high proportion of long, slender defibration products is created and the proportion of fines to be separated with unfavorable ratios of Ipart / dpart * remains as small as possible.
  • the above description teaches a method for fiberizing pre-shredded wood chips with freely selectable piece lengths in the range of 50 mm ⁇ IH S ⁇ 70 mm using a (cross) fiberizing unit consisting of several (> 2) roller pairs arranged one after the other, the fiber alignment with the roller axes agrees, the individual pairs of rollers of the (transverse) defibration unit are driven in opposite directions so that they can be operated with the same or different peripheral speeds (with the most infinitely variable speed adjustment with a slip of ⁇ + 50%) and the setting of the gap between the rollers independently of one another can take place with each pair of rollers, preferably the known arrangement of the pairs of rollers one above the other with overhead task and deduction at the bottom should be used for the finished defibrated material and for the individual pairs of rollers because of the feed conditions for the feedstock mm a gap-adjustment of the first roller pair with 1 mm ⁇ s ⁇ 3 ⁇ t Spa, for the second roller pair a Spaltver aus- ness of
  • a method of fiberizing free length selectable Rohbambus task logs with l Sc is ⁇ 600 mm for Querzermaschineung described with the aim to apply mm a very high proportion of long slender fibers with 0.1 mm ⁇ d F ⁇ 1
  • a simultaneous parallel operation of a ventilated coarse fiber mill of a known type, such as an impact mill, and the above-described roller fiberizing aggregate is provided, such that the grinding products of the mill used for coarse fibering, which are sealed off from the ambient air, are pneumatically conveyed to the processing products and conveyed to the wind classifier are classified, while at the same time the fine particles with d F ⁇ 0.1 mm occurring in different phases of the roll fiberization process are classified there together with the fractions from the impact fiberization according to their different granulometric properties be separated, but at the same time subject the long fibers to be produced from the billets for fines separation and for the retention of non-fibrous particles to a treatment on an air jet sieve or on
  • the above description also discloses a cross-fiberizing device for fiber-containing feed material of variable length with several, but at least two roller pairs of the same or different diameter arranged one after the other and / or one above the other, with the associated feed system described above in front of the first roller pair (the first roller stage) and forwarding devices according to the respective roller stage for the axially parallel to the roller axes the reprocessing of the defibration material before the next roller stage or subsequent other fiber transport and / or treatment devices.
  • the description also teaches a drive system for the individual pairs of rollers of the fiberizing unit, the rollers belonging together rotating in the same or opposite directions and being able to be operated at the same or different peripheral speeds with the most infinitely variable speed adjustment with a slip of ⁇ + 75%, preferably ⁇ + 50% and the gap between the rollers can be adjusted independently of each pair of rollers.
  • This adjustability of the nip is provided so that the uppermost (first) roller pair a gap adjustment 1 mm ⁇ s Spa ⁇ t ⁇ 3 mm, while mm for the second roll pair 0.5 mm ⁇ s Spa ⁇ t ⁇ 1 mm and 0 ⁇ s Spa ⁇ t ⁇ 0.5 mm are provided constructively for the third pair of rolls.
  • the above description teaches a combination of individual roller stages with downstream and / or intermediate defibration support systems in the form of spike or brush rollers rotating at an adjustable circumferential speed with spike and / or brush assemblies made of carbon-containing steel wire or other, which are matched to the fineness of the long-fiber particles to be achieved highly elastic metals such as CrNiFe alloys, with highly elastic nubs made of rubber and / or polyurethane and / or highly elastic thermoplastic synthetic bristles made of polyamides.
  • the above description also teaches a downstream device for the mechanical aftertreatment of long fibers, brush rollers being arranged after one or more pairs of rollers used for transverse fiberization, in order to achieve special surface designs such as knobs, pins, brushes, etc., geometric arrangements such as axial positions, inclination angles and spacing of the Brush rollers from the dense fiber stream leaving a roller nip as well as through different operating modes with variable speed regimes, a throughput-dependent contact force adjustment and / or a vibration effect on the material chute further dissolve the feed material flow, which may not be sufficiently broken down into individual fiber bundles, according to the cross-fraying effect previously achieved.
  • the above description teaches an arrangement for discharging the long fibers, wherein the axially parallel alignment of the fiberizing rollers, the brush rollers and the raw material supply are necessary for the production of long fiber-containing particles and the forwarding of the fiberizing products with the same directional orientation is the prerequisite for a high proportion of long-fiber To obtain defibration products and at the same time to strip off and remove loosely adhering short-fiber or fiber-free particles.
  • the long fiber bundles treated in this way can be used as primary material for the production of nonwovens and / or rovings, these being used for the production of prepregs in the form of canvas-like woven and / or laid sheet and / or ribbon materials (for example unidirectional and multiaxial fabrics with different bindings such as adhesive) , Sewing etc.) can be used.
  • thermosetting fiber-reinforced products in the manufacture of thermosetting fiber-reinforced products (containers, baffles, etc.) using fiber-resin low-pressure spraying and in the manufacture of long-fiber thermoplastic compounds for the LFT technology (Long Fiber Thermoplastics) known per se and previously only reserved for glass fibers.
  • a holistic, low-loss processing solution is created, from the task of the raw material through its gradual shredding to the division into different fiber or fiber bundle thicknesses or lengths, which is suitable for the predominant decomposition of the raw material along natural structural boundaries and leads to a high proportion of particles with l F / d F ratios> 100 in the discharge material, whereby depending on the largest particle length to be produced, the pre-comminuted feed material, preferably bamboo, is given to a multi-stage roller mill equipped with adjustable roller gaps and variable speed of individual rollers and between the rollers are subjected to pressure and shear stress, and the parallelism of the shredding rollers and the longitudinally oriented guide bundle in the feed material is set as a technological requirement.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Disintegrating Or Milling (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé et un dispositif permettant d'extraire des fibres naturelles et/ou des faisceaux de fibres naturelles constituées de matières premières fibreuses renouvelables, notamment de bambou et autres herbes et une utilisation de fibres et/ou de faisceaux de fibres. Sous l'action de contraintes mécaniques, la matière première à défibrer est soumise à un défibrage transversal par rapport aux limites de structures et/ou limites d'adhérences entre les constituants fibreux et les constituants non fibreux de la manière première.
PCT/EP2002/014020 2002-12-10 2002-12-10 Procede et dispositif permettant d'extraire des fibres naturelles et/ou des faisceaux de fibres naturelles de matieres premieres fibreuses renouvelables et leur utilisation WO2004053211A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP2002/014020 WO2004053211A1 (fr) 2002-12-10 2002-12-10 Procede et dispositif permettant d'extraire des fibres naturelles et/ou des faisceaux de fibres naturelles de matieres premieres fibreuses renouvelables et leur utilisation
AU2002361044A AU2002361044A1 (en) 2002-12-10 2002-12-10 Method and device for producing natural fibers and/or natural fiber bundles from fibrous, renewable raw materials, and the use thereof

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP2002/014020 WO2004053211A1 (fr) 2002-12-10 2002-12-10 Procede et dispositif permettant d'extraire des fibres naturelles et/ou des faisceaux de fibres naturelles de matieres premieres fibreuses renouvelables et leur utilisation

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WO2004053211A1 true WO2004053211A1 (fr) 2004-06-24

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2457714A1 (fr) * 2010-11-29 2012-05-30 Leibniz-Institut für Agrartechnik Potsdam-Bornim e.V. (ATB) Procédé de fabrication des fibres et de matières fibreuses
DE102013114386A1 (de) * 2013-12-18 2015-06-18 Uwe D'Agnone Verfahren zur Aufbereitung von Gras für die Herstellung von Papier, Pappen und Karton

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB402202A (en) * 1931-09-28 1933-11-30 George Frederick Thomas Hollow An improved machine for defleshing sisal leaves and like fibrous material
GB2251002A (en) * 1990-12-17 1992-06-24 Ask Corp Method of forming bamboo fibres and a resin moulding reinforced with bamboo fibre
JP2000071209A (ja) * 1998-08-31 2000-03-07 Toyo Yuatsu Kogyo:Kk 竹繊維製造方法および竹繊維製造装置
DE10115831A1 (de) * 2001-03-31 2002-10-17 Lothar Rauer Verfahren zur Gewinnung von Naturfasern, insbesondere Bambusfasern, die den Zweck der Verstärkungsfasern erfüllen

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB402202A (en) * 1931-09-28 1933-11-30 George Frederick Thomas Hollow An improved machine for defleshing sisal leaves and like fibrous material
GB2251002A (en) * 1990-12-17 1992-06-24 Ask Corp Method of forming bamboo fibres and a resin moulding reinforced with bamboo fibre
JP2000071209A (ja) * 1998-08-31 2000-03-07 Toyo Yuatsu Kogyo:Kk 竹繊維製造方法および竹繊維製造装置
DE10115831A1 (de) * 2001-03-31 2002-10-17 Lothar Rauer Verfahren zur Gewinnung von Naturfasern, insbesondere Bambusfasern, die den Zweck der Verstärkungsfasern erfüllen

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 2000, no. 06 22 September 2000 (2000-09-22) *

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2457714A1 (fr) * 2010-11-29 2012-05-30 Leibniz-Institut für Agrartechnik Potsdam-Bornim e.V. (ATB) Procédé de fabrication des fibres et de matières fibreuses
DE102013114386A1 (de) * 2013-12-18 2015-06-18 Uwe D'Agnone Verfahren zur Aufbereitung von Gras für die Herstellung von Papier, Pappen und Karton

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