EP3009551B1 - Method for forming a textile material by the use of hemp and fibre reinforced composite material from this textile material - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a method of forming a textile material using hemp, wherein hemp shives of hemp fibers are separated from harvested hemp in a multi-stage implosion process. The invention further relates to a fiber composite material of such a textile material.

With a view to reducing CO ₂ emissions, the extraction and processing of renewable raw materials is becoming increasingly important.

From the publication DE 199 25 134 A1 For example, a method and apparatus of the above-mentioned type is known wherein a random fiber material is made from plant parts such as hemp, flax and linen. Here, prepared crop is taken from a stock pile, formed from a strand of material with predominantly two-dimensional orientation of the plant parts and crushed the fiber material and non-fibrous components, such as shives (woody components of the plant stem), made the cut strand of material in a processing station and defibrillated. This is followed by a separate removal of the recovered random fiber material and the non-fibrous plant components, wherein the shives are typically discarded as waste material.

With the known method, a random fiber material of hemp fibers can be formed, which can be fed to further processing. The publication DE 199 25 134 A1 However, there are no possibilities on how the recovered random fiber material can be used further. Further processes for the production of hemp materials are in WO2008145379 and the WO9941439 described. Particularly in the construction sector, the use of technical textiles based on renewable raw materials as home textiles is of great interest. For building construction, textile membrane construction can make a significant contribution to energy-efficient and sustainable construction.

The design of the wall structure of buildings is crucial for energy efficiency and well-being behavior. In addition to the heating energy costs in the winter months Also, a room climate required by inappropriate construction can lead to a significant increase in the total energy consumption and thus also to CO ₂ emissions. The use of fiber composite materials can decisively reduce this energy consumption and at the same time make a lasting contribution to climate protection through the long-term fixation of CO ₂ .

It is therefore the object of the present invention to propose a suitable process for the production of a textile material based on renewable raw materials, such as hemp, which not only has ecological advantages, but also good Raumklimatisierungs- and sound insulation properties and is therefore suitable as a fiber composite material. Furthermore, with the present invention, a fiber composite material based on renewable raw materials, such as hemp, are made available, which has ecological advantages and also has good Raumklimatisierungs- and sound insulation properties.

This object is achieved on the one hand by a method for forming a textile material using hemp, wherein hemp shives are separated from hemp fibers from harvested hemp in a multi-stage implosion method; the hemp fibers are dissolved into hemp fiber flakes; Bindefasern be dissolved into binder fiber flakes; the hemp fiber flakes and binder fiber flakes are mixed with at least one mixing device to form a fiber flake mixture; the fiber flake mixture is deposited with a feeder as a mat-like mixed fiber flake template; Hemp shives are applied to the surface of the mixed-fiber flake template before the mixed-fiber flake template is introduced into a random fleece system, the hemp shives being added to the mixed hemp and binder fiber flakes deposited in the mixed fiber flake template only immediately before the actual fleece formation ; the mixed fiber flake hemp shives template is disintegrated with an orifice unit, mixed and thereby made into a mixed fiber hemp shives mixture; the dissolved mixed fiber hemp shives mixture then conveyed into a web formation zone of the random web system, preferably blown, and there is deposited as a mixed fiber hemp sheave mixture fleece; and subsequently thermally consolidating the mixed fiber hemp sheath blended nonwoven in a temperature treatment unit into a mixed fiber hemp sheath blended nonwoven fabric.

Unlike in the prior art, in which the shives are considered only as waste material in hemp fiber processing, the hemp shives, so woody, lumpy stem components that have no similarity to other materials used in textile technology, directly in the process of the invention textile surface forming process included. This is realized in the method according to the invention in that the hemp shives are added to the mixed hemp and binder fiber flakes deposited in the mixed fiber flake pattern only immediately before the actual web formation. Meanwhile, the mixed fiber flake pattern can be continuously moved. Due to the late introduction of the hemp shives into the surface formation process according to the invention, any possible segregation and material losses can advantageously be avoided by cleaning during the process of flake mixing, material transport and formation of the mixed fiber flake master.

According to the invention, the addition of the hemp shives takes place only immediately, ie directly before the mixed fiber flake pattern is opened by an opening unit of the random web system, so that the hemp shives do not sink into the mixed fiber flake pattern or otherwise mix with the mixed fiber flake pattern before the web formation. The mixing of the hemp and binder fiber flakes with the hemp shives is therefore for the first time mechanically directly in the opening unit and then in the further course of the process by aerodynamic means of the simultaneous blowing of the mixed hemp and binder fiber flakes and the now already mixed hemp hives in the preferably vacuumed, sieve-like design web forming zone the random web plant. It has been found that only with such an approach can a suitable material stratification be achieved in the fiber composite material to be formed. In the method according to the invention, therefore, there is no mixing of the hemp shives with the hemp and binder fiber flakes and no application of hemp shives after the opening of the mixed fiber flake hemp shives template by the opening unit of the random web system instead.

In the web formation zone, the now largely dissolved and mixed hemp and binder fibers together with the added hemp shives form a random structure with adjustable thickness, surface mass and fiber arrangement, although the fiber arrangement can be influenced in a certain way, but typically no preferred orientation direction is formed.

In the nonwoven forming zone occurs in the inventive method settling of the hemp fiber flakes heavier hemp hives in the mixed fiber hemp shives mixture fleece, the hemp shives focus preferably on the top of the mixed fiber hemp shives mixture fleece. As a result, the formed mixed fiber hemp sheave mixture nonwoven fabric has particularly advantageous air conditioning and insulation properties.

In addition, the finer hemp fibers and parts of the binder fibers preferably deposit in a lower region of the mixed fiber hemp sheave mixture fleece, whereby the lower surface on which the mixed fiber hemp shives mixture fleece during its subsequent thermal consolidation on a sieve belt rests, receives a particularly homogeneous, smooth surface. This smooth surface is particularly suitable as a viewing or working surface on the subsequent use of the mixed fiber hemp sheave mixture nonwoven fabric produced, on the other advantageous materials, such as a paint material, can be applied.

Due to the nature of the binding fibers used, in particular by their fiber crimping, a loose cohesion of all material components already forms in the mixed fiber / hemp sheave mixture fleece, so that they can bond together well in the temperature treatment step carried out by melting the binding fibers. As binder fibers, it is possible to use full-profile hotmelt adhesive fibers or bicomponent fibers preferably in a core-shell structure. While full-profile hot-melt adhesive fibers completely rise to partial drop-shaped or sail-shaped mergers, in the case of the bicomponent fibers, the binding process takes place exclusively on its lateral surface, the bicomponent fiber itself advantageously remaining as a fiber.

The inventive method is characterized by a particularly high material efficiency because of the almost holistic use of the hemp plant in a textile product. Thus, in addition to the hemp fibers, the hemp shives used in the method according to the invention, which contain up to 75% as raw material in hemp straw. Thus, in particularly advantageous variants of the present invention, up to 95% of the raw materials obtained from the hemp can be used in the finished end product. In this case, the separation of the plant constituents, which takes place during the preparation of the hemp plant itself in a simple manner, again permits production of the textile material advantageously its function-dependent and functional composition.

By specifically adjustable with the method according to the invention material composition and the specialized structure of the inventively produced fiber composite material this can be adapted to a variety of applications.

Thus, with the method according to the invention, a fiber composite material in the form of mixed fiber hemp shives mixture nonwoven fabric can be produced, the use of which as a fiber composite material high energy efficiency in building use in terms of thermal insulation and summer thermal protection ensures and at the same time allows for noise reduction and good indoor climate. As a result, the mixed fiber hemp sheave mixture nonwoven fabric that can be produced according to the invention is suitable in particular as a thermoacoustic fiber composite material. The mixed fiber hemp sheave mixture nonwoven fabric which can be produced according to the invention is biodegradable, but can also be used thermally, under certain conditions, in particular in the case of or by using biobased binder fibers, because of its biological starting materials.

The mixed-fiber hemp sheave mixture nonwoven fabric which can be produced by the process according to the invention can also be used in fields other than the construction sector, for example in vehicle construction or in the manufacture of components in mechanical engineering.

The object is further achieved by a method for forming a textile material using hemp, wherein hemp shives are separated from hemp fibers from harvested hemp in a multi-stage implosion process; Bindefasern be dissolved into binder fiber flakes; the binder fiber flakes are deposited with a feeder as a binder fiber flake template; hemp shives are applied to the surface of the binder fiber flake template before it is fed into a feed device of the random web system, with the hemp shives being added to the mixed binder fiber flakes deposited in the binder fiber flake template only immediately before the actual web formation; the binder fiber flake hemp shives template is processed into a binder fiber hemp shives mixture; the binder fiber hemp shives mixture in a nonwoven forming zone of the random web system promoted, preferably blown, and there is deposited as a binder fiber hemp sheave blend nonwoven; and subsequently thermosetting the binder fiber hemp sheath blended nonwoven fabric in a temperature treatment unit to a binder fiber hemp sheath blended nonwoven fabric.

For the method steps used in this variant of the method according to the invention and their effects, the description applies analogously to the preparation of the mixed fiber hemp sheave mixture nonwoven fabric. This also applies to the applicability of the described embodiments, including those in the figure description.

According to the invention, the addition of the hemp shives takes place only immediately, that is to say directly before an opening of the binder fiber luff template through an opening unit of the random fleece system, so that the hemp sheds do not sink into the binder fibrous sheet before fleece formation or otherwise can mix with the binder fiber luff template. The mixing of the binder fiber flakes with the hemp shives is therefore for the first time mechanically directly in the opening unit and then in the further course of the process on an aerodynamic way by the simultaneous blowing of the binder fiber flakes and the now already mixed hemp hives in the preferably vacuumed, sieve-like executed nonwoven forming zone of the random web. Also in this inventive method has been shown that only with such a procedure, a suitable material stratification in the fiber composite material to be formed can be achieved. In the method according to the invention, therefore, there is no intermixing of the hemp shives with the binder fiber flakes and no application of hemp shives after the opening of the binder fiber hemp hemp sheathing template through the opening unit of the random nonwoven system.

In the method according to the invention, the hemp shives are preferably applied to the Mischfaserflockenvorlage or the Bindefasernflockenvorlage with a first belt weigher, with a first belt weigher the weight of Mischfaserflockenvorlage or the Bindefasernflockenvorlage and a second belt weigher the weight of Mischfaserflockenvorlage with the applied hemp shives or the binder fiber flake template with the applied hemp shives are detected.

A for the further use, for example as a fiber composite material, particularly pleasant-smelling textile material is obtained when the hemp to the hemp tea and before the web formation only dried, but not roasted.

Preferably, the hemp fibers are bundled after hemp in hemp bales, the hemp bales are dissolved at the beginning of the web forming process with at least one bale opener. As a result, the hemp fibers can be stored and / or transported in compressed form in the form of hemp bales and subsequently dissolved by the bale openers available in textile technology production and thus be suitably prepared for web formation.

It has proven to be particularly favorable when the random web system works according to the Airlay-Wirrvliesbildungsverfahren. The Airlay-Wirrvliesbildungsverfahren is particularly suitable for the processing of coarse processed hemp fibers, which are still contained in the plant fibers shives and stem remnants and are less suitable because of the typical fiber stiffness and low fiber ripple for processing by the carding process.

The object is further achieved by a fiber composite material of a textile material, in which the textile material has at least one thermally solidified mixed fiber hemp sheave mixture nonwoven fabric formed from dissolved hemp fibers, dissolved binder fibers and hemp shives. The fiber composite according to the invention is characterized in that it is compared to conventional, for example, mineral fiber composites very light and yet highly stable, comparable with mineral fiber composites climate control properties and even compared to mineral fiber composites improved sound absorption properties. In addition, the fiber composite according to the invention is formed to a large extent from natural materials, which facilitates its degradability under defined conditions.

In addition, the object is achieved by a fiber composite material of a textile material, wherein the textile material has at least one formed of binder fiber flakes and hemp shives, thermally bonded binder fiber hemp shives mixture nonwoven fabric. Also, this fiber composite material has advantageous properties with regard to air conditioning of rooms and sound absorption. The mixed fiber hemp sheath blended nonwoven fabric has a gradient construction wherein a surface of the blended fiber hemp sheath blended nonwoven fabric has a higher fiber density and has a lower hemp shed density than a core portion of the mixed fiber hemp sheath blended nonwoven fabric.

Preferably, a lower surface of the mixed fiber hemp sheath blended nonwoven fabric, on which the mixed fiber hemp sheath blended nonwoven fabric rests directly after its thermal consolidation, has a lower shed density than the upper surface of the mixed fiber hemp shank blended nonwoven fabric. As a result of this gradient buildup of the material stratification in the mixed fiber hemp sheath mixture nonwoven fabric, it can be incorporated as a fiber composite material in such a way that the different sound absorption properties caused by the different material density can be utilized on the front and rear sides of the mixed fiber hemp sheave mixture nonwoven fabric.

A particularly good convertibility of the mixed fiber hemp sheave mixture nonwoven fabric results when the lower surface of the mixed fiber hemp sheath mixture nonwoven fabric, on which the mixed fiber hemp sheath mixture nonwoven fabric rests directly after its thermal consolidation, a higher density molten Binder fibers and thus has a smoother surface texture than the upper surface of the mixed fiber hemp sheath blended nonwoven fabric. With such a layer construction, the mixed fiber-hemp sheave mixture nonwoven fabric produced has a particularly stable solidification on its underside.

In favorable embodiments of the fiber composite material according to the invention, a cover nonwoven fabric or a film is laminated on at least one side of the mixed fiber hemp sheave mixture nonwoven fabric or the binder fiber hemp sheave mixture nonwoven fabric. The cover nonwoven fabric and / or the film can provide additional surface strength, so that a durable, stable composite composites can be provided.

An advantageous biodegradability of Kaschierverbundes arises when the film of biologically based polymers such. B. polylactide, is formed.

A stable surface with good air permeability is obtained when the film is perforated over its surface.

From an ecological point of view, it is particularly advantageous if the cover nonwoven fabric is made of hemp fibers. This cover nonwoven fabric can be made by a wet-laid process or the airlaid process of hemp short fibers, as well as the use of a solidified by carding and by needle punching or water jets Abdeckvliesstoffes possible.

In a further variant of the fiber composite material according to the invention, the mixed fiber hemp sheave mixture nonwoven fabric or the binder fiber hemp sheave mixture nonwoven fabric has a proportion of 1 to 3% metal fibers distributed in the nonwoven pile. As a result, the fiber composite material has electrostatic properties that can be used, for example, to screen out "electrosmog".

Figur 1

schematisch einen Ablauf einer Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens zeigt; und

Figur 2

schematisch eine in dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren verwendbare Wirrvliesanlage zeigt.

Preferred embodiments of the present invention, their structure, function and advantages are explained in more detail below with reference to figures, wherein

FIG. 1

schematically shows a sequence of an embodiment of the method according to the invention; and

FIG. 2

schematically shows a usable in the process according to the invention Gewrvliesanlage.

FIG. 1 schematically shows a sequence of method steps according to an embodiment of the method according to the invention.

The inventive method comprises first the fiber preparation, so the steps from the finished Hanfernte to hemp fiber production from the harvested hemp.

A starting material of the process according to the invention is harvested hemp 11, which may be present in untreated form, in dried form, in partially roasted form or in roasted form. Preferably, the hemp 11 is in bundle form.

The hemp 11 or the hemp straw or the hemp bundle is or will subsequently be subjected to an implosion method in an impact disrupting device 12. The impact pulping method used is preferably a multi-stage process in which fibrous constituents of the hemp 11 or of the hemp straw, ie hemp fibers 123 and fiber wadding 124, of its non-fibrous constituents, such as coarse shives 121 and Fine shives 122, to be separated. The implosion process is preferably, but not necessarily, effected with moving metal parts that impact on the hemp 11 or hemp straw. The plant stems are broken and crushed in the implosion process by the mechanical action. The hemp shed separation can be done by swinging and / or scraping and / or combing out of the shredded material, for example in an eccentric process.

The implosion method can be realized for example with two hammer mill stages with different mechanical intensity. Thus, for example, in a first hammer mill stage 550 racquet / shaft and in a second hammer mill stage 900 racquet / wave may be provided to perform first a coarse pulping in the first hammer mill stage and then a fine pulping in the second hammer mill stage. The implosion process can, for example, as in the publication DE 199 25 134 A1 be executed described.

The hemp fibers 123 and / or hemp shives 121, 122 are preferably subjected to at least one further purification step. Preferably, a purely mechanical cleaning is used here. In one embodiment of the method according to the invention, the hemp fibers are subjected to a total of five purification stages; in order Step Cleaner 1 - Fine Cleaner / Opener 1 - Step Cleaner 2 - Fine Cleaner / Opener 2 - Step Cleaner 3. The fine cleaners / openers are equipped with pen drums, whereby the number of pins in fine cleaner / opener 1 nine pins per square inch ( (2.54 cm) ² ) and in fine cleaners / openers 2 eleven pins per square inch ((2.54 cm) ² ).

The hemp fibers 123 thus obtained are typically bundled in hemp bales 131 and can thus be stored and transported in a small footprint.

However, hemp fibers 123 and / or hemp shives 121, 122 may also be subjected to treatment prior to and during the area-forming process (s) described below. For example, the hemp fibers 123 and / or the hemp shives 121, 122 can be rendered hydrophobic and / or provided with a flameproof coating. The treatment of the hemp fibers 123 and / or the hemp shives 121, 122 can be done for example by spraying. The spraying can be carried out, for example, after the bale opening described below in a feed tube or in a carousel with laterally provided spray head

The fiber processing is followed in the process according to the invention by the steps of fiber processing.

For bale opening and material processing, peripheral systems of spinning preparation, such as a mixing bale opener, optionally a step cleaner and / or at least one horizontal opener, are used in the process according to the invention. With the bale openers 141, 142, the hemp bales 131 and the binder fiber bales 132 are dissolved, for which purpose a needle cloth is used in each case, with which fibers or fiber lumps of the respective fiber bale are roughly loosened from one another. As a result of the hemp bale dissolution by the bale opener 141, hemp fiber flocks 151 are formed and as a result of the separate binder fiber bale dissolution by the bale opener 142 connected to at least one fine opener, binder fiber flocks 152 are formed.

At the bale resolution, a further resolution and / or a machine cleaning, such as a dedusting of the triggered hemp flakes 151 and / or a Kurzfaserseparierung connect.

As bonding fibers can Vollprofilschmelzklebefasern, preferably polypropylene fibers having a melting point of 165 ° C, or bicomponent fibers, for example core-sheath fibers with a core of polyester with melting point 260 ° C and a sheath of co-polyester or polyethylene with melting points between 110 ° C. and 170 ° C or the like of biologically based polymers. In principle, the use of simple polymer fibers and / or biologically based polymers, such as poly-lactic acid, as a binder fiber material is possible. If simple polymer fibers are used, the structure of the intersections, which is described in more detail below, sticks to the structure, but the polymer fiber is typically not retained as a fiber.

By a suitable choice of the binder fiber (s) used, in particular with regard to the diameter of the bicomponent fibers, it is possible, for example, to set the frequency range in which a high sound absorption is to be produced in the textile material or fiber composite material to be produced.

After the bale break, preferably an additional dissolution of the binder fibers with a fine opener takes place. As Feinöffner a Tambour with fine foundation can be used, with which the binding fibers are pulled apart again.

As a result, very fine binder fiber flakes 152 are produced, whereby binder fiber material lumping in the nonwoven web to be formed can be prevented or minimized.
After material conditioning, the dissolved hemp fiber flakes 151 and binder fiber flakes 152 are fed to at least one mixing device 15 in which the hemp fiber flakes 151 and the binder fiber flakes 152 are mixed to form a fiber flake mixture 160. For example, 80% hemp fiber flakes 151 and 20% binder fiber flakes 152 may be supplied to the mixing device 15. The mixing device 15 may initially have a further opener stage, in which the supplied hemp fiber flakes 151 and binder fiber flakes 152 are processed using opener rollers to form a homogeneous fiber flake mixture 160.

The fiber flake mixture 160 having a certain ratio of hemp fiber flakes 151 to binder fiber flakes 152 is then fed to a feeder 16. The feed device 16 has in advantageous embodiments of the present invention, a hopper with attached condenser, in which the Faserflockenmischung 160 is introduced from above and having an outlet below. Instead of and / or in addition to the feed chute, the feed device 16 may have at least one feed tube and / or at least one box feeder.

The height of the hopper of the feeder 16 ensures a sufficiently homogenized material density as a prerequisite for a uniform material template in the machine direction and transversely to the machine direction of the feed hopper subsequent to the hopper 17. The material discharge from the feeder 16 via a pair of rollers on a to a feeder and Clamping device 171 of the existing web forming device (random web 17) leading transport cloth. Integrated in this transport unit is a belt scale for continuous recording and display of the material feed rate. The fed from the feeder 16 to the feed and clamping device 171 material flow is referred to as mixed fiber flake template 173 or binder fiber flake template.

Fine shavings 122 are applied to the mixed-fiber flake template 173 with the aid of a sheath feed 177, whereby an in FIG. 2 schematically shown mixed fiber flake hemp shives template 176 is formed. The shing feeder 177 may, for example, be a scattering device with which the fine shives 122 are sprinkled uniformly on the surface of the mixed fiber flake template 173. The scattering The fine rods 122 on the mixed fiber flake template 173 can also be linear.

The fine rods 122 can form, for example, 30 to 70% by weight, preferably 40 to 60% by weight, particularly preferably 50% by weight, based in each case on the final weight of the mixed fiber hemp sheave mixture nonwoven fabric 20 to be formed.

A check of the applied amount of fine rods 122 can be carried out by using at least two belt scales, wherein the weight of the mixed fiber flake template 173 is detected with a first belt scale and the weight of the mixed fiber flake template 173 with the applied fine rods 122 with a second belt scale and both values with each other , preferably electronically, after which the supplied amount of fine rods 122 or the supplied amount of the mixed fiber flake template 173 is regulated if necessary.

FIG. 2 schematically shows the structure of a random web 17 which can be used in the method according to the invention.

The random web 17 off FIG. 2 has an infeed and clamping device 171 consisting of two pairs of rollers and a pin-shaped drum rotating in the direction of rotation as an opening unit 172.

The simultaneously clamped by the feed and clamping device 171 and delivered material is dissolved by the opening unit 172 and passes as now largely as single fibers dissolved mixed fiber hemp shives mixture 178 in a Faserleitkanal 174, in a particular embodiment, with support by one of a Blower 175 generated additional air flow, the dissolved mixed fiber hemp shives mixture 178 transported in a web forming zone 179.

The web formation zone 179 consists of at least one underpinned belt or drum-shaped storage surface 182 and an adjustable in height, rotating in the material direction at the same speed as the storage surface 182 second drum 180, which either solid or advantageously perforated and evacuated executed depending on the machine technology can be. In the exemplary embodiment, the web formation zone 179 has a vacuumed screen belt as a deposit surface 182 and a solid drum or roller 180.

Due to the common storage of the fiber flakes 151, 152 and shives 122 existing mixed fiber hemp shives mixture 178 on the submerged screen belt 182 a mixed fiber hemp shives mixture web 183 is formed on this.

In another variant of the present invention, instead of or in addition to the fine rods 122, which have an average diameter between 0.5 and 5 mm, also coarse rods 121 having an average diameter between 3 and 25 mm can be used.

Further, the shingling process step may also be configured to mix the coarse shives 121 and / or fine shives 122 with the hemp fiber flakes 151 and binder fiber flakes 152 in the mixing device 15 and / or feed 16, with the resulting fiber flake-hemp shives mixture then poured on a conveyor belt, which leads into a random web 17, at which the web formation steps described below are carried out is discharged.

In other, not shown embodiments of the present invention, binding powder can be mixed in between the fiber flake feed and the web formation to the fiber flake mixture described above. Further, it is possible, the above-described Faserflockengemisch between the Faserflockenensupisung and the web formation metal fibers, for example in a proportion of 1 to 3 wt.% Based on the final weight of the mixed fiber hemp sheave mixture nonwoven fabric 20 or based on the final weight of the binder fiber to be formed Hemp mixture blended nonwoven fabric.

The mixed fiber hemp sheave mixture 178 is deposited in the nonwoven forming zone 179 of the random web 17 as a mixed fiber hemp sheave blend nonwoven 183. The formation of a desired thickness and density of the mixed fiber hemp sheave mixture fleece 183 takes place in the example of FIG. 2 The fiber arrangement within the mixed fiber hemp sheave mixture nonwoven structure builds like a roof tile in the machine direction, wherein in cross section and depending on the distance between the screen belt 182 and the roller 180 are different Inclination angle form (about 45 ° in the immediate vicinity of the lower wire belt 182, about 80 ° in the rest of the mixed fiber hemp shives mixture fleece 183).

In the embodiment described above, the roller 180 is a solid drum without suction, the distance to the screen belt 182 corresponding to the arrow 181 in FIG. 2 is adjustable. In other, not shown embodiments of the present invention, another type of random web 17 may be used for mechanical nonwoven bonding in which, for example, instead of the above-described roller 180, an evacuated screen drum is used or in which the mixed fiber hemp sheave mixture 178 is evacuated between two Sieve drums to mixed fiber hemp shives mixture fleece 183 is formed.

In order to achieve the insulating properties typical for the construction of residential building textiles, it is necessary to have open structures which can likewise be generated by the aforementioned web-forming process. To fix the voluminous nonwoven structure formed on the aerodynamic way to the nonwoven fabric is in the embodiment of FIG. 2 the random web 17 directly coupled with a temperature treatment unit 19 in the form of a thermal fusion furnace. Hot air is sucked through the nonwoven cross section, which is fixed, for example, between two screen belts, and causes sticking of the contained hemp fibers and hemp shives 122 to the previously admixed thermoplastic and now plasticized binder fibers 152. Temperatures below 180 ° C. preferably occur in the temperature treatment unit 19 in the process according to the invention used, so that the hemp is not damaged.

The result is a mechanically and chemically consolidated mixed fiber hemp sheath blended nonwoven 20.

• Beispiel 1:
  • Mischung aus Grobhanfschäben 121 und thermoplastischen Bindefaserflocken 152
  • Flächenmasse ca. 5000 g/m² bis 5.500 g/m²
  • Dicke 5 cm
• Beispiel 2:
  • Mischung aus Hanffaserflocken 151, Feinhanfschäben 122 und thermoplastischen Bindefaserflocken 152
  • Flächenmasse ca. 4.000 g/m² bis 6.000 g/m²
  • Dicke 5 cm.

By means of the method steps listed above and using the components mentioned, based on the mixed fiber hemp sheave mixture nonwoven fabric 20 produced, for example, home textile textiles based on hemp fiber flakes 151 and / or hemp shives 121, 122 and thermoplastic binder fiber flakes 152 can be produced with the following composition:

• Example 1:
  • Mixture of coarse hemp shives 121 and thermoplastic binder fiber flakes 152
  • Basis weight about 5000 g / m ² to 5,500 g / m ²
  • Thickness 5 cm
• Example 2:
  • Mixture of hemp fiber flakes 151, hemp shives 122 and thermoplastic binder fiber flakes 152
  • Basis weight about 4,000 g / m ² to 6,000 g / m ²
  • Thickness 5 cm.

The formed mixed fiber hemp sheave mixture nonwoven 20 is particularly suitable as a fiber composite material. This fiber composite material is lightweight and has natural components that are degradable under defined conditions. The layering of the materials in the mixed fiber hemp sheave blend nonwoven fabric 20 does not affect the summer heat protection provided by the mixed fiber hemp sheath blend nonwoven fabric 20. However, the stratification leads to a special sound absorption by the mixed-fiber hemp sheave mixture nonwoven fabric 20 produced according to the invention.

After surface formation, the formed mixed fiber hemp sheath blended nonwoven fabric 20 may be exposed to one or more surface treatments and / or finished ready for use. For example, at least one of the flat surfaces and / or also at least one of the side surfaces of the mixed fiber hemp sheave mixture nonwoven fabric 20 can be hydrophobicized and / or provided with a flameproof coating. For example, organic phosphoric acid is suitable as flame retardant.

Particularly suitable for the surface treatment of the mixed fiber hemp sheave mixture nonwoven fabric 20 substances that penetrate into the pores of the mixed fiber hemp sheave mixture nonwoven fabric 20, without sticking the fibers and the pores of the mixed fiber hemp shives mixture nonwoven fabric 20. Thus, in one example of the present invention, the surface (s) of the mixed fiber hemp sheave blend nonwoven 20, e.g. B. biogenic silica are applied.

In further variants of the present invention, on at least one surface of the untreated or surface-treated mixed fiber hemp sheath blended nonwoven fabric 20 may be a cover nonwoven such as a needled nonwoven fabric, an airlaid or wet nonwoven fabric, a hydroentangled nonwoven fabric, and / or a film such as a polylactide film and / or a perforated film can be applied. By the application of at least one such cover fabric and / or at least one such film may stabilize and / or protect the surfaces of the mixed fiber hemp sheave blend nonwoven 20 to prevent fraying of the structure and / or with functional properties such as water repellency or adhesive properties be provided.

Claims (13)

1. Method for forming a textile material using hemp, wherein hemp hurds (121, 122) are separated from hemp fibers (123) in a multi-stage impact disintegration process using harvested hemp (11),
   characterized in that
   the hemp fibers (123) are disintegrated to hemp fiber flocks (151);
   binding fibers are disintegrated to binding fiber flocks (152);
   the hemp fiber flocks (151) and the binding fiber flocks (152) are mixed with at least one mixing device (15) into a fiber flock mixture (160);
   the fiber flock mixture (160) is deposited as a mat-like mixed fiber flock template (173) with a feeding device (16);
   even before a supply of the mixed fiber flock template (173) to a random nonwoven unit (17), hemp hurds (121, 122) forming a mixed fiber flock hemp hurd template (176) are applied to the surface of the mixed fiber flock template (173), wherein the hemp hurds (121, 122) are added to the mixed hemp and binding fiber flocks deposited in the mixed fiber flock template (173) only immediately before the actual non-woven formation;
   the mixed fiber flock hemp hurd template (176) is disintegrated, mixed and thus processed to a mixed fiber hemp hurd mixture (178) with an opening unit (172);
   the disintegrated mixed fiber hemp hurd mixture (178) is conveyed into a non-woven forming zone (179) of the random nonwoven unit (17) and is there deposited as a mixed fiber hemp hurd mixture non-woven (183); and
   the mixed fiber hemp hurd mixture non-woven (183) is subsequently thermally strengthened to a mixed fiber hemp hurd mixture non-woven fabric (20) in a thermal treatment unit (19).
2. Method for forming a textile material using hemp, wherein hemp hurds (121, 122) are separated from hemp fibers (123) in a multi-stage impact disintegration process using harvested hemp (11),
   characterized in that
   binding fibers are disintegrated to binding fiber flocks (152);
   the binding fiber flocks (152) are deposited as a binding-fiber-flock template with a feeding device (16);
   even before a supply of the binding fiber flock template to a random nonwoven unit (17), hemp hurds (121, 122) forming a binding fiber flock hemp hurd template are applied to the surface of the binding fiber flock template, wherein the hemp hurds (121, 122) are added to the mixed binding fiber flocks deposited in the binding fiber flock template only immediately before the actual non-woven formation;
   the binding fiber flock hemp hurd template is processed to a binding fiber hemp hurd mixture;
   the binding fiber hemp hurd mixture is conveyed to a non-woven formation zone (179) of the random nonwoven unit (17) and is there deposited as a binding fiber hemp hurd mixture non-woven; and
   the binding fiber hemp hurd mixture non-woven is subsequently thermally strengthened to a binding fiber hemp hurd mixture non-woven fabric (20) in a thermal treatment unit (19).
3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the hemp hurds (121, 122) are applied to the mixed fiber flock template (173) or the binding fiber flock template by means of a hurd supply (177), wherein, with a first belt scale, the weight of the mixed fiber flock template (173) or the binding fiber flock template and, with a second belt scale, the weight of the mixed fiber flock template (173) with the applied hemp hurds (121, 122) or the binding fiber flock template with the applied hemp hurds (121, 122) are measured.
4. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the hemp (11) is only dried, but not retted after the hemp harvest and before the non-woven formation.
5. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the hemp fibers (123) and/or the hemp hurds (121, 122) are waterproofed and/or are provided with a flame-resistant coating and/or at least one upper and/or lateral surface of the mixed fiber hemp hurd mixture non-woven fabric (20) is waterproofed and/or provided with a flame-resistant coating.
6. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the random nonwoven unit (17) works according to the airlay random nonwoven forming method.
7. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the thermal treatment in the thermal treatment unit (19) happens at less than 180°C.
8. Fiber composite material made from a textile material,
   which comprises at least one thermally strengthened mixed fiber hemp hurd mixture non-woven fabric (20) formed out of hemp fiber flocks (151), binding fiber flocks (152) and hemp hurds (121, 122),
   characterized in that
   the fiber composite material is produced with a method according to claim 1 and the mixed fiber hemp hurd mixture non-woven fabric (20) comprises a gradient structure, wherein a surface of the mixed fiber hemp hurd mixture non-woven fabric (20) comprises a higher fiber density and a lower hurd density than a core area of the mixed fiber hemp hurd mixture non-woven fabric (20).
9. Fiber composite material according to claim 8, characterized in that a lower surface of the mixed fiber hemp hurd mixture non-woven fabric (20), on which the mixed fiber hemp hurd mixture non-woven fabric (20) lies directly after its thermal strengthening, comprises a lower hurd density than an upper surface of the mixed fiber hemp hurd mixture non-woven fabric (20).
10. Fiber composite material according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the lower surface of the mixed fiber hemp hurd mixture non-woven fabric (20), on which the mixed fiber hemp hurd mixture non-woven fabric (20) lies directly after its thermal strengthening, comprises a higher density of molten binding fibers (152) and thus a smoother surface structure than the upper surface of the mixed fiber hemp hurd mixture non-woven fabric (20).
11. Fiber composite material according to one of the claims 8 to 11, characterized in that at least to one upper and/or lateral surface of the mixed fiber hemp hurd mixture non-woven fabric (20) or the binding fiber hemp hurd mixture non-woven fabric, a non-woven cover fabric or a film is laminated, wherein the non-woven cover fabric is formed of hemp fibers (123).
12. Fiber composite material according to one of the claims 8 to 11, characterized in that a film is laminated onto at least one upper and/or lateral surface of the mixed-fiber-hemp-hurd-mixture non-woven fabric (20), wherein the film is formed of at least one biologically based polymer, preferably of polylactide and/or is perforated throughout its surface.
13. Fiber composite material according to at least one of the claims 8 to 12, characterized in that the mixed fiber hemp hurd mixture non-woven fabric (20) comprises an amount of 1 to 3 % by weight of metal fibers distributed in the non-woven stack.

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