EP3461940A1 - Method for the manufacture of fibrous material and fibrous materials produced in accordance with the method and their use - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a process for the production of fiber materials, comprising the mixing of comminuted bast plant material with cereal straw and a binder, pressurizing the mixture with steam and / or activating the binder and optionally pressurizing the mixture and separating the solidified mixture into fiber materials. Furthermore, the invention relates to a process for the production of fiber materials, comprising at least partial Längszerfasern and optionally also shortening cereal straw, mixing the crushed cereal straw with a binder, activating the binder and optionally applying the fiber mixture with pressure and separating the solidified fiber mixture to fiber materials. Moreover, the invention relates to fiber materials obtainable by the process according to the invention and their use as or for the production of MDF boards, building insulation mats for thermal and acoustic insulation, substrates for hydroponic systems or furniture components.

Description

The present invention relates to processes for producing fiber materials, in particular nonwoven mats or nonwoven fibrous sheets, e.g. Insulation mats. Furthermore, the invention relates to fibrous materials, in particular nonwoven mats or nonwoven fibrous sheets, e.g. Insulating mats, obtainable according to the inventive method. Moreover, the invention relates to the use of the fiber materials according to the invention for noise and / or thermal insulation or for furniture production.

The thermal insulation of exterior facades is gaining in importance against the backdrop of scarce resources and rising energy costs. Both insulation boards based on foamed plastics, for example so-called EPS insulation boards, and insulation boards based on natural fibers, for example hemp fiber insulation boards, are used for this purpose. In order to obtain natural fibers for insulation mats from suitable plant materials, they are often digested and further processed, for example, by shives, in apparatus-consuming and energy-consuming wet or dry processes. Shives are the woody constituents of the plant material. Shives make the processing of plant materials into insulation mats regularly more difficult. This can apply in particular to extra long fiber. Shives and in particular fibers of, in particular, bast plant materials such as hemp or flax have a high tensile strength and therefore in particular damage the rotating elements of processing plants. Also, shives can lead to blockages of the supply lines of the production facilities. For this reason, the plant shives are regularly separated from the fiber material prior to the further use of shredded plant materials for nonwoven production. However, the methods known from the prior art for the isolation of plant fibers are usually very energy consuming and therefore cost-increasing.

A process for the production of fiberboard, in which the entire crop is used, is from the DE 875 137 known. These are to be shredded in a suitable milling device together with water until entanglement. From the pulp is by settling on a porous pad by suction or pressing a plate to form, which can be further compressed in subsequent steps and provided with impregnating and bonding agents. This process is very complicated and requires costly drying steps.

According to the DE 196 30 828 A1 Compostable nonwoven fabrics, which can also be used as insulating materials, obtained by using as a binder at least one biodegradable, in the backbone ester and / or ether compounds containing polymer.

An insulation mat with high insulation effect should be in accordance with DE 198 46 104 A1 be accessible by the fact that the insulation mat is bordered on both sides by laminations and between these laminations so-called volumengebende spacers made of substantially unroasted hemp fiber products.

In the production of particular high-quality insulation mats from cereal straw has proved to be disadvantageous in many cases that cereal straw due to its pronounced waxy and therefore very smooth coating of the stalks can be promoted only conditionally or not at all by conventional conveyors in a controlled manner. This smooth surface of the straws prevents these components of the straw from sticking to each other or other objects.

When manufacturing insulation boards from renewable raw materials, it must not be forgotten that these are in competition with foamed insulation boards made of plastic materials. The latter regularly have good insulation properties, which are due to the homogeneity of the material over the entire insulating surface. On the other hand, it can sometimes be difficult to achieve, for example, insulation boards made of hemp plants containing shives, a sufficiently homogeneous material distribution within the insulating mat. This lack of a homogeneous distribution is as detrimental to a sufficient thermal insulation as required for the insulation boards stability. Although the stability of such insulation board can be increased by stronger solidification and the use of a larger amount of binders, however, this regularly worsen the thermal insulation properties.

It would therefore be desirable to be able to use a process for the production of fiber materials, in particular insulation mats or insulation boards, from renewable raw materials, which is not associated with the deficiencies of the prior art.

The present invention was therefore based on the object to provide a method by which fiber materials, in particular insulating mats or insulating panels, can be obtained in a reliable manner, which is characterized by a homogeneous distribution of the fiber material constituents, good thermal insulation properties comparable are characterized with which foamed plastic insulation panels, and at the same time good stability or mechanical strength.

Accordingly, a process for the production of fiber materials, in particular nonwoven mats or nonwoven sheets (also called first embodiment of the invention) has been found, comprising mixing shredded bast plant material with cereal straw and a binder, applying the steam to the mixture and / or activating the binder and optionally pressurizing the mixture and separating the solidified mixture into fiber materials.

• a) Zurverfügungstellung von, vorzugsweise zumindest in Teilen vorzerkleinertem, insbesondere in der Länge verkürztem, gegebenenfalls getrocknetem, Getreidestroh,
• b) Zurverfügungstellung mindestens eines Bindemittels, insbesondere Bindefaser,
• c) Zurverfügungstellung einer, bezogen auf die Menge an Getreidestroh, Mindermenge an zerkleinertem Bastpflanzenmaterial enthaltend Bastpflanzenfasern und gegebenenfalls Schäben, insbesondere von der die Bastpflanzenfasern liefernden Bastpflanze, wobei vorzugsweise die Bastpflanzenfasern und Schäben zumindest in Teilen miteinander verbunden sind,
• g) Vermischen des zerkleinerten Bastpflanzenmaterials enthaltend Bastpflanzenfasern und gegebenenfalls Schäben gemäß c) mit dem Getreidestroh gemäß a) und gegebenenfalls dem mindestens einen Bindemittel gemäß b), insbesondere der mindestens einen Bindefaser, insbesondere im Luftstrom,
• j) Austragung der Mischung gemäß g) auf ein Förderband, insbesondere unter Ausbildung eines Faserflors,
• n) sofern in Schritt g) kein Bindemittel zugegeben wird, Beaufschlagen der Mischung mit mindestens einem partikulären Bindemittel, insbesondere in Form von Pulver, Granulat oder Fasern oder einer beliebigen Mischung hiervon, oder, sofern in Schritt g) Bindemittel zugegeben wird, gegebenenfalls Beaufschlagen der Mischung mit mindestens einem partikulären Bindemittel, insbesondere in Form von Pulver, Granulat oder Fasern oder einer beliebigen Mischung hiervon,
• q) Beaufschlagen der Mischung mit Wasserdampf, insbesondere wenn in Schritt n) ein partikuläres Bindemittel, vorzugsweise in Pulverform, zugegeben wird, und/oder
• r) Aktivieren des Bindemittels und gegebenenfalls gleichzeitiges oder zeitlich versetztes Beaufschlagen der Mischung mit Druck,
• s) gegebenenfalls Kalandrieren der gemäß Schritt q) oder r) erhaltenen Mischung,
• t) sofern in Schritt q), r) und/oder s) eine Wärmebehandlung stattgefunden hat, zumindest partielles Abkühlen der gemäß Schritt q, r) und/oder s) verfestigten Mischung und gegebenenfalls Beaufschlagen mit Druck und
• u) Vereinzeln der verfestigten Mischung zu Faserwerkstoffen, insbesondere Faservliesmatten oder Faservliesplatten.

The process for the production of fiber materials, in particular non-woven fiber mats or non-woven fiber plates, according to the first embodiment variant of the invention) comprises in particular the steps:

• a) Provision of, preferably at least partially pre-shredded, in particular shortened in length, possibly dried, cereal straw,
• b) providing at least one binder, in particular binder fiber,
• c) providing a, based on the amount of cereal straw, reduced amount of comminuted bast plant material containing bast plant fibers and optionally shives, in particular of the bast plant fiber supplying bast plant, preferably the bast plant fibers and shives are at least partially interconnected,
• g) mixing the comminuted bast plant material containing bast plant fibers and optionally shives according to c) with the cereal straw according to a) and optionally the at least one binder according to b), in particular the at least one binder fiber, in particular in the air stream,
• j) discharging the mixture according to g) onto a conveyor belt, in particular to form a batt,
• n) if no binder is added in step g), charging the mixture with at least one particulate binder, in particular in the form of powder, granules or fibers or any mixture thereof, or if binder is added in step g), optionally applying the Mixture with at least one particulate binder, in particular in the form of powder, granules or fibers or any mixture thereof,
• q) applying to the mixture with steam, in particular if in step n) a particulate binder, preferably in powder form, is added, and / or
• r) activation of the binder and, if appropriate, simultaneous or delayed addition of pressure to the mixture,
• s) optionally calendering the mixture obtained according to step q) or r),
• t) if a heat treatment has taken place in step q), r) and / or s), at least partial cooling of the mixture solidified according to step q, r) and / or s) and optionally pressurized and
• u) separating the solidified mixture into fiber materials, in particular nonwoven mats or non-woven fiber plates.

• d) Herstellung einer ersten Materiallage aus dem zerkleinerten Bastpflanzenmaterial enthaltend Bastpflanzenfasern und gegebenenfalls Schäben in einer ersten Zuführvorrichtung,
• e) Herstellung mindestens einer zweiten Materiallage aus dem Getreidestroh gemäß a) in einerzweiten Zuführvorrichtung,
• f) gegebenenfalls Versetzen der ersten und/oder zweiten Materiallage und/oder des Getreidestrohs gemäß a) mit mindestens einem Flammschutzmittel und/oder einem Hydrophobierungsmittel und/oder einem Biozid, insbesondere Beaufschlagen der Materiallagen von der Oberseite und/oder der Unterseite, insbesondere der Oberseite, mit einem wässrigen System, enthaltend mindestens ein Flammschutzmittel und/oder ein Hydrophobierungsmittel und/oder ein Biozid,
• g) Vermischen des zerkleinerten Bastpflanzenmaterials enthaltend Bastpflanzenfasern und gegebenenfalls Schäben mit dem Getreidestroh gemäß a) und/oder e) oder f) und gegebenenfalls dem mindestens einen Bindemittel gemäß b), insbesondere der mindestens einen Bindefaser. insbesondere im Luftstrom.

In an expedient embodiment, the method according to the invention according to the first embodiment variant of the invention also provides the following steps after step b) or optionally c):

• d) production of a first material layer from the comminuted bast plant material containing bast plant fibers and optionally shives in a first feeding device,
• e) producing at least one second material layer from the grain straw according to a) in a second feeding device,
• (f) if appropriate, adding the first and / or second material layer and / or the straw of straw in accordance with a) with at least one flame retardant and / or a water repellent and / or a biocide, in particular applying the Layers of material from the upper side and / or the lower side, in particular the upper side, with an aqueous system containing at least one flameproofing agent and / or a hydrophobing agent and / or a biocide,
• g) Mixing the comminuted bast plant material containing bast plant fibers and optionally shives with the cereal straw according to a) and / or e) or f) and optionally the at least one binder according to b), in particular the at least one binder fiber. especially in the air stream.

• h) Abscheiden von Staub- und/oder Fremdteilchen aus der erhaltenen Mischung, insbesondere mittels mindestens eines Zyklonabscheiders und/oder Kondensers, insbesondere Kondensers, und/oder
• i) Zwischenlagerung der nach Schritt g) bzw. h) erhaltenen Mischung,
• j) Austragung der Mischung gemäß g), h) oder i) auf ein Förderband unter Ausbildung eines Faserflors.

In a further development, the method according to the invention according to the first embodiment variant of the invention can also make use of the steps after step g) and before step k):

• h) separating dust and / or foreign particles from the resulting mixture, in particular by means of at least one cyclone separator and / or condenser, in particular condenser, and / or
• i) intermediate storage of the mixture obtained after step g) or h),
• j) discharging the mixture according to g), h) or i) onto a conveyor belt to form a batt.

• k) gegebenenfalls Behandeln des Faserflors mit mindestens einem Flammschutzmittel und/oder einem Hydrophobierungsmittel und/oder einem Biozid, insbesondere Beaufschlagen des Faserflors von der Oberseite und/oder der Unterseite, insbesondere der Oberseite, mit einem wässrigen System, enthaltend mindestens ein Flammschutzmittel und/oder ein Hydrophobierungsmittel und/oder ein Biozid, jeweils insbesondere mindestens ein Flammschutzmittel,
• l) Bilden eines Vorvlieses mittels mindestens eines ersten Vliesbildners, insbesondere ausgestattet mit Nadeln oder Stiften, beispielsweise aerodynamischen Vliesbildners, enthaltend mindestens eine Nadelwalze oder einen Tambour, und/oder mittels mindestens eines Vliesstreuers, insbesondere umfassend oder bestehend aus mindestens einer Stiftwalze, wobei die Mischung vorzugsweise vermittels einer ersten Transporteinheit, insbesondere enthaltend mindestens ein Walzenpaar aus Ober- und Unterwalze oder eine Oberwalze und einem Muldentisch, dem Vliesbildner oder Vliesstreuer zugeführt wird,
• m) gegebenenfalls Behandeln des Vorvlieses mit mindestens einem Flammschutzmittel und/oder einem Hydrophobierungsmittel und/oder einem Biozid, insbesondere Beaufschlagen des Vorvlieses von der Oberseite und/oder Unterseite, insbesondere der Oberseite, mit einem wässrigen System, enthaltend mindestens ein Flammschutzmittel und/oder ein Hydrophobierungsmittel und/oder ein Biozid, jeweils insbesondere mindestens ein Flammschutzmittel,
• n) sofern in Schritt g) kein Bindemittel zugegeben wird, Beaufschlagen des Vorvlieses, insbesondere Bestreuen des Vorvlieses, mit mindestens einem partikulären Bindemittel, insbesondere in Form von Pulver, Granulat oder Fasern oder einer beliebigen Mischung hiervon, oder sofern in Schritt g) Bindemittel zugegeben wird, gegebenenfalls Beaufschlagen des Vorvlieses, insbesondere Bestreuen des Vorvlieses, mit mindestens einem partikulären Bindemittel, insbesondere in Form von Pulver, Granulat oder Fasern oder einer beliebigen Mischung hiervon,
• o) Bilden eines Vlieses aus dem Vorvlies gemäß Schritt 1), m) oder n) mittels eines zweiten, insbesondere aerodynamischen, Vliesbildners, insbesondere enthaltend einen Tambour, insbesondere ausgestattet mit einem Sägezahndraht und/oder einer Stiftwalze, wobei das Vorvlies vorzugsweise vermittels einer zweiten Transporteinheit, enthaltend mindestens ein Walzenpaar aus Ober- und Unterwalze oder enthaltend eine Oberwalze und einen Zuführtisch, dem zweiten Vliesbildner, insbesondere Tambour, zugeführt wird,
• p) gegebenenfalls Behandeln dieses Vlieses mit mindestens einem Flammschutzmittel und/oder einem Hydrophobierungsmittel und/oder einem Biozid, insbesondere Beaufschlagen des Vlieses von der Oberseite und/oder Unterseite, insbesondere der Oberseite, mit einem wässrigen System, enthaltend mindestens ein Flammschutzmittel und/oder ein Hydrophobierungsmittel und/oder ein Biozid, jeweils insbesondere mindestens ein Flammschutzmittel,
• q) Beaufschlagen des Vlieses mit Wasserdampf, insbesondere wenn in Schritt n) ein partikuläres Bindemittel, vorzugsweise in Pulverform, zugegeben wird, und/oder
• r) Aktivieren des Bindemittels, insbesondere Behandeln des gemäß Schritt o), p) oder q) erhaltenen Vlieses mit Wärme zwecks Thermobonding des Bindemittels, insbesondere der Bindefasern, und gegebenenfalls gleichzeitiges oder zeitlich versetztes Beaufschlagen des Vlieses mit Druck,
• s) gegebenenfalls Kalandrieren des gemäß Schritt q) oder r) erhaltenen Vlieses,
• t) sofern in Schritt q), r) und/oder s) eine Wärmebehandlung stattgefunden hat, Abkühlen des gemäß Schritt q, r) und/oder s) verfestigten Vlieses und gegebenenfalls Beaufschlagen mit Druck und
• u) Vereinzeln des verfestigten Vlieses zu Faservlieswerkstoffen, insbesondere Faservliesmatten oder Faservliesplatten.

Such variants of the first embodiment of the method according to the invention have proven particularly advantageous, in which the steps are also provided after step j):

• k) optionally treating the batt with at least one flame retardant and / or a hydrophobing agent and / or a biocide, in particular subjecting the batt from the top and / or bottom, in particular the top, with an aqueous system containing at least one flame retardant and / or a hydrophobing agent and / or a biocide, in each case especially at least one flame retardant,
• l) forming a Vorvlieses by means of at least one first web forming agent, in particular equipped with needles or pins, for example aerodynamic web forming, containing at least one needle roller or a drum, and / or by means of at least one nonwoven spreader, in particular comprising or consisting of at least one pin roller, wherein the mixture Preferably by means of a first transport unit, in particular containing at least one pair of rollers from Ober- and bottom roll or a top roll and a mortar table to which a nonwoven or nonwoven spreader is fed,
• m) optionally treating the Vorvlieses with at least one flame retardant and / or a hydrophobing agent and / or a biocide, in particular subjecting the Vorvlieses from the top and / or bottom, especially the top, with an aqueous system containing at least one flame retardant and / or Hydrophobing agent and / or a biocide, in each case in particular at least one flame retardant,
• n) if no binder is added in step g), applying the Vorvlieses, in particular sprinkling the Vorvlieses, with at least one particulate binder, in particular in the form of powder, granules or fibers or any mixture thereof, or if in step g) binders added is, optionally applying the Vorvlieses, in particular sprinkling the Vorvlieses, with at least one particulate binder, in particular in the form of powder, granules or fibers or any mixture thereof,
• o) forming a nonwoven fabric from the preliminary nonwoven according to step 1), m) or n) by means of a second, in particular aerodynamic, nonwoven forming agent, in particular containing a spool, in particular equipped with a sawtooth wire and / or a pin roller, wherein the nonwoven fabric preferably by means of a second Transport unit, comprising at least one pair of rollers comprising upper and lower rollers or containing an upper roller and a feed table, the second web forming means, in particular Tambour, is supplied,
• p) optionally treating this web with at least one flame retardant and / or a hydrophobing agent and / or a biocide, in particular subjecting the web from the top and / or bottom, in particular the top, with an aqueous system containing at least one flame retardant and / or a Hydrophobing agent and / or a biocide, in each case in particular at least one flame retardant,
• q) applying water vapor to the web, especially if in step n) a particulate binder, preferably in powder form, is added, and / or
• r) activating the binder, in particular treating the nonwoven obtained according to step o), p) or q) with heat for the purpose of thermobonding the binder, in particular the binding fibers, and optionally simultaneous or temporally offset loading of the web with pressure,
• s) optionally calendering of the nonwoven fabric obtained according to step q) or r),
• t) if heat treatment has taken place in step q), r) and / or s), cooling of the nonwoven consolidated in step q, r) and / or s) and, if appropriate, pressurizing and
• u) separating the consolidated web into non-woven materials, in particular nonwoven mats or non-woven fiber plates.

1. a) Zunerfügungstellung von, vorzugsweise zumindest in Teilen vorzerkleinertem, insbesondere in der Länge verkürztem, gegebenenfalls getrocknetem, Getreidestroh,
2. b) Zurverfügungstellung mindestens eines Bindemittels, insbesondere Bindefaser,
3. c) Zunerfügungstellung einer, bezogen auf die Menge an Getreidestroh, Mindermenge an zerkleinertem Bastpflanzenmaterial enthaltend Bastpflanzenfasern und Schäben, insbesondere von der die Bastpflanzenfasern liefernden Bastpflanze, wobei vorzugsweise die Bastpflanzenfasern und Schäben zumindest in Teilen miteinander verbunden sind,
4. d) Herstellung einer ersten Materiallage aus dem zerkleinerten Bastpflanzenmaterial enthaltend Bastpflanzenfasern und Schäben in einer ersten Zuführvorrichtung,
5. e) Herstellung mindestens einer zweiten Materiallage aus dem Getreidestroh gemäß a) in einer zweiten Zuführvorrichtung,
6. f) Versetzen der ersten und/oder zweiten Materiallage und/oder des Getreidestrohs gemäß a) mit mindestens einem Flammschutzmittel und/oder einem Hydrophobierungsmittel und/oder einem Biozid, insbesondere Beaufschlagen der Materiallagen von der Oberseite und/oder der Unterseite, insbesondere der Oberseite, mit einem wässrigen System, enthaltend mindestens ein Flammschutzmittel und/oder ein Hydrophobierungsmittel und/oder ein Biozid,
7. g) Vermischen des zerkleinerten Bastpflanzenmaterials enthaltend Bastpflanzenfasern und gegebenenfalls Schäben mit dem Getreidestroh gemäß a) und/oder e) oder f) und gegebenenfalls dem mindestens einen Bindemittel gemäß b), insbesondere der mindestens einen Bindefaser, insbesondere im Luftstrom,
8. h) gegebenenfalls Abscheiden von Staub- und/oder Fremdteilchen aus der erhaltenen Mischung, insbesondere mittels mindestens eines Zyklonabscheiders und/oder Kondensers, insbesondere Kondensers,
9. i) gegebenenfalls Zwischenlagerung der nach Schritt g) bzw. h) erhaltenen Mischung,
10. j) Austragung des Getreidestrohs gemäß a) oder f) oder der zweiten Materiallage gemäß e) oder f) oder Austragung der Mischung gemäß g), h) oder i) auf ein Förderband unter Ausbildung eines Faserflors,
11. k) gegebenenfalls Behandeln des Faserflors mit mindestens einem Flammschutzmittel und/oder einem Hydrophobierungsmittel und/oder einem Biozid, insbesondere Beaufschlagen des Faserflors von der Oberseite und/oder der Unterseite, insbesondere der Oberseite, mit einem wässrigen System, enthaltend mindestens ein Flammschutzmittel und/oder ein Hydrophobierungsmittel und/oder ein Biozid, jeweils insbesondere mindestens ein Flammschutzmittel,
12. l) Bilden eines Vorvlieses mittels mindestens eines ersten Vliesbildners, insbesondere ausgestattet mit Nadeln oder Stiften, beispielsweise aerodynamischen Vliesbildners, enthaltend mindestens eine Nadelwalze oder einen Tambour, und/oder mittels mindestens eines Vliesstreuers, insbesondere umfassend oder bestehend aus mindestens einer Stiftwalze, wobei die Mischung vorzugsweise vermittels einer ersten Transporteinheit, insbesondere enthaltend mindestens ein Walzenpaar aus Ober- und Unterwalze oder eine Oberwalze und einem Muldentisch, dem Vliesbildner oder Vliesstreuer zugeführt wird,
13. m) gegebenenfalls Behandeln des Vorvlieses mit mindestens einem Flammschutzmittel und/oder einem Hydrophobierungsmittel und/oder einem Biozid, insbesondere Beaufschlagen des Vorvlieses von der Oberseite und/oder Unterseite, insbesondere der Oberseite, mit einem wässrigen System, enthaltend mindestens ein Flammschutzmittel und/oder ein Hydrophobierungsmittel und/oder ein Biozid, jeweils insbesondere mindestens ein Flammschutzmittel,
14. n) sofern in Schritt g) kein Bindemittel zugegeben wird, Beaufschlagen des Vorvlieses, insbesondere Bestreuen des Vorvlieses, mit mindestens einem partikulären Bindemittel, insbesondere in Form von Pulver, Granulat oder Fasern oder einer beliebigen Mischung hiervon, oder sofern in Schritt g) Bindemittel zugegeben wird, gegebenenfalls Beaufschlagen des Vorvlieses, insbesondere Bestreuen des Vorvlieses, mit mindestens einem partikulären Bindemittel, insbesondere in Form von Pulver, Granulat oder Fasern oder einer beliebigen Mischung hiervon,
15. o) Bilden eines Vlieses aus dem Vorvlies gemäß Schritt 1), m) oder n) mittels eines zweiten, insbesondere aerodynamischen, Vliesbildners, insbesondere enthaltend einen Tambour, insbesondere ausgestattet mit einem Sägezahndraht und/oder einer Stiftwralze, wobei das Vorvlies vorzugsweise vermittels einer zweiten Transporteinheit, enthaltend mindestens ein Walzenpaar aus Ober- und Unterwalze oder enthaltend eine Oberwalze und einen Zuführtisch, dem zweiten Vliesbildner, insbesondere Tambour, zugeführt wird,
16. p) gegebenenfalls Behandeln dieses Vlieses mit mindestens einem Flammschutzmittel und/oder einem Hydrophobierungsmittel und/oder einem Biozid, insbesondere Beaufschlagen des Vlieses von der Oberseite und/oder Unterseite, insbesondere der Oberseite, mit einem wässrigen System, enthaltend mindestens ein Flammschutzmittel und/oder ein Hydrophobierungsmittel und/oder ein Biozid, jeweils insbesondere mindestens ein Flammschutzmittel,
17. q) Beaufschlagen des Vlieses mit Wasserdampf, insbesondere wenn in Schritt n) ein partikuläres Bindemittel, vorzugsweise in Pulverform, zugegeben wird, und/oder
18. r) Aktivieren des Bindemittels, insbesondere Behandeln des gemäß Schritt o), p) oder q) erhaltenen Vlieses mit Wärme zwecks Thermobonding des Bindemittels, insbesondere der Bindefasern, und gegebenenfalls gleichzeitiges oder zeitlich versetztes Beaufschlagen des Vlieses mit Druck,
19. s) gegebenenfalls Kalandrieren des gemäß Schritt q) oder r) erhaltenen Vlieses,
20. t) sofern in Schritt q), r) und/oder s) eine Wärmebehandlung stattgefunden hat, Abkühlen des gemäß Schritt q, r) und/oder s) verfestigten Vlieses und gegebenenfalls Beaufschlagen mit Druck und
21. u) Vereinzeln des verfestigten Vlieses zu Faservliesiwerkstoffen, insbesondere Faservliesmatten oder Faservliesplatten.

The advantages of the present invention are in particular also provided with an embodiment of the first embodiment of the method according to the invention comprising the following steps:

1. a) preparation of, preferably at least partially pre-shredded, in particular shortened in length, possibly dried, straw grain,
2. b) providing at least one binder, in particular binder fiber,
3. c) providing a, based on the amount of cereal straw, reduced amount of crushed bast plant material containing bast plant fibers and shives, in particular of the bast plant fiber supplying bast plant, preferably the bast plant fibers and shives are at least partially interconnected,
4. d) producing a first material layer from the comminuted bast plant material containing bast plant fibers and shives in a first feeding device,
5. e) producing at least one second material layer from the grain straw according to a) in a second feeding device,
6. f) transferring the first and / or second material layer and / or the cereal straw in accordance with a) with at least one flameproofing agent and / or a hydrophobing agent and / or a biocide, in particular applying the material layers from the upper side and / or the lower side, in particular the upper side, with an aqueous system containing at least one flame retardant and / or a hydrophobing agent and / or a biocide,
7. g) mixing the comminuted bast plant material containing bast plant fibers and, if appropriate, shives with the cereal straw according to a) and / or e) or f) and optionally the at least one binder according to b), in particular the at least one binder fiber, in particular in the air stream,
8. h) optionally separating dust and / or foreign particles from the resulting mixture, in particular by means of at least one cyclone separator and / or condenser, in particular a condenser,
9. i) if appropriate intermediate storage of the mixture obtained according to step g) or h),
10. j) discharging the cereal straw according to a) or f) or the second material layer according to e) or f) or discharging the mixture according to g), h) or i) onto a conveyor belt to form a batt,
11. k) optionally treating the batt with at least one flame retardant and / or a hydrophobing agent and / or a biocide, in particular subjecting the batt from the top and / or bottom, in particular the top, with an aqueous system containing at least one flame retardant and / or a hydrophobing agent and / or a biocide, in each case especially at least one flame retardant,
12. l) forming a Vorvlieses by means of at least one first web forming agent, in particular equipped with needles or pins, for example aerodynamic web forming, containing at least one needle roller or a drum, and / or by means of at least one nonwoven spreader, in particular comprising or consisting of at least one pin roller, wherein the mixture preferably by means of a first transport unit, in particular containing at least one roller pair of top and bottom rollers or an upper roller and a bed table, the web forming or nonwoven spreader is supplied,
13. m) optionally treating the Vorvlieses with at least one flame retardant and / or a hydrophobing agent and / or a biocide, in particular subjecting the Vorvlieses from the top and / or bottom, especially the top, with an aqueous system containing at least one flame retardant and / or Hydrophobing agent and / or a biocide, in each case in particular at least one flame retardant,
14. n) if no binder is added in step g), applying the Vorvlieses, in particular sprinkling the Vorvlieses, with at least one particulate binder, in particular in the form of powder, granules or fibers or any mixture thereof, or if in step g) binders added is, optionally applying the Vorvlieses, in particular sprinkling the Vorvlieses, with at least one particulate binder, in particular in the form of powder, granules or fibers or any mixture thereof,
15. o) forming a nonwoven fabric from the nonwoven fabric according to step 1), m) or n) by means of a second, in particular aerodynamic, nonwoven forming agent, in particular comprising a spool, in particular equipped with a sawtooth wire and / or a pinch roll, wherein the nonwoven fabric preferably by means of a second Transport unit, comprising at least one pair of rollers comprising upper and lower rollers or containing an upper roller and a feed table, the second web forming means, in particular Tambour, is supplied,
16. p) optionally treating this web with at least one flame retardant and / or a hydrophobing agent and / or a biocide, in particular subjecting the web from the top and / or bottom, in particular the top, with an aqueous system containing at least one flame retardant and / or a Hydrophobing agent and / or a biocide, in each case in particular at least one flame retardant,
17. q) applying water vapor to the web, especially if in step n) a particulate binder, preferably in powder form, is added, and / or
18. r) activating the binder, in particular treating the nonwoven obtained according to step o), p) or q) with heat for the purpose of thermobonding the binder, in particular the binder fibers, and optionally simultaneously or temporally staggering the nonwoven with pressure,
19. s) optionally calendering of the nonwoven fabric obtained according to step q) or r),
20. t) if heat treatment has taken place in step q), r) and / or s), cooling of the nonwoven consolidated in step q, r) and / or s) and, if appropriate, pressurizing and
21. u) separating the consolidated web into nonwoven materials, in particular nonwoven mats or nonwoven webs.

The object underlying the invention is further achieved by a process for the production of fiber materials, in particular nonwoven mats or nonwoven sheets (also called second embodiment of the invention) comprising the at least partial Längszerfasern and optionally also cutting grain straw, mixing the crushed cereal straw with a Binder, activating the binder and optionally applying the fiber mixture with pressure and separating the solidified fiber mixture to fiber materials.

1. A) Zunerfügungstellung von, insbesondere trockenem, Getreidestroh,
2. B) Zunerfügungstellung mindestens eines Bindemittels, insbesondere Bindefaser,
3. C) zumindest partielles Längszerfasern und gegebenenfalls auch Kürzen mindestens eines Teils, insbesondere der Hauptmenge, des Getreidestrohs,
4. D) gegebenenfalls Herstellung mindestens einer Materiallage aus dem Getreidestroh gemäß C) in einer Zuführvorrichtung,
5. E) gegebenenfalls Versetzen der Materiallage und/oder des Getreidestrohs gemäß C) mit mindestens einem Flammschutzmittel und/oder einem Hydrophobierungsmittel und/oder einem Biozid,
6. F) Vermischen des zerkleinerten Getreidestrohs gemäß C) und/oder D) oder E) mit dem mindestens einen Bindemittel gemäß B), insbesondere der mindestens einen Bindefaser, insbesondere im Luftstrom,
7. G) Aktivieren des Bindemittels, insbesondere Behandeln mit Wärme zwecks Thermobonding des Bindemittels, insbesondere der Bindefasern, und gegebenenfalls gleichzeitiges oder zeitlich versetztes Beaufschlagen der Fasermischung mit Druck,
8. H) gegebenenfalls Kalandrieren der gemäß Schritt G) erhaltenen Fasermischung, und
9. I) Vereinzeln der verfestigten Fasermischung zu Faserwerkstoffen, insbesondere Faservliesmatten oder Faservliesplatten.

The process for the production of fiber materials, in particular nonwoven mats or nonwoven fibrous sheets, according to the second embodiment comprises in particular the steps:

1. A) provision of, in particular dry, grain straw,
2. B) provision of at least one binder, in particular binder fiber,
3. C) at least partial Längszerfasern and optionally also shortening at least one part, in particular the main amount, of the straw of cereals,
4. D) optionally producing at least one layer of material from the cereal straw according to C) in a feeding device,
5. E) optionally adding the material layer and / or the cereal straw according to C) with at least one flame retardant and / or a water repellent and / or a biocide,
6. F) mixing the comminuted cereal straw according to C) and / or D) or E) with the at least one binder according to B), in particular the at least one binder fiber, in particular in the air stream,
7. G) activation of the binder, in particular treatment with heat for the purpose of thermobonding of the binder, in particular of the binder fibers, and if appropriate simultaneous or temporally offset loading of the fiber mixture with pressure,
8. H) optionally calendering the fiber mixture obtained according to step G), and
9. I) separating the solidified fiber mixture into fiber materials, in particular nonwoven mats or nonwoven sheets.

For the purposes of the present invention, longitudinal fiberization of grain straw is intended to be substantially equivalent to slitting, tearing, or cutting cereal straws along the longitudinal orientation of the straws. Of course, such Längszerfaserung or slits can not only run parallel to this longitudinal alignment of the stalks, but also, for example, at an acute angle thereto. With such Längszerfaserung or longitudinal slitting of cereal straws is not necessarily accompanied by a shortening of the stalks, however, can nevertheless be the result of such Längszerfaserung, if, for example, transverse to be. For example, such Längszerfaserung according to step C) already in a baler, which is additionally equipped with a corresponding cutting or cutting tool, be brought about. A majority of at least partially longitudinally shredded cereal straw is present within the meaning of the invention if more than 50% by weight of the total amount of cereal straw used has at least partial longitudinal fiberization. Preferably, at least 60% by weight of grain straw present in the cereal straw used is at least partially longitudinally fiberized.

The cereal straw according to step C), which is at least partially longitudinally fiberized and in particular also shortened, is preferably set to an average length, in particular absolute length, in the range from 20 mm to 100 mm and preferably in the range from 30 mm to 85 mm.

With the method according to the invention, a completely unproblematic material transport of grain straw also succeeds in conventional compounding plants, so that insulation-qualitatively high-quality fiber materials, in particular nonwoven mats or fiber fleece plates, can be reproducibly produced in consistently high quality. Without being bound to any theory, it is currently believed that in the first embodiment of the invention, the surfaces of the bast plant materials have a sufficient grip, which also carries the smooth cereal straw components during transport, without causing a so-called sedimentation process, and that in the second embodiment of the invention, the surfaces of the fiber edges of the longitudinally fused grain straw could be responsible for a corresponding sufficient grip.

• a) die Zurverfügungstellung von Getreidestroh,
• b) die Zunerfügungstellung mindestens eines Bindemittels, insbesondere Bindefaser,
• c) die Zurverfügungstellung einer, bezogen auf die Menge an Getreidestroh, Mindermenge an zerkleinertem Bastpflanzenmaterial enthaltend Bastpflanzenfasern und gegebenenfalls Schäben, insbesondere von der die Bastpflanzenfasern liefernden Bastpflanze, wobei vorzugsweise die Bastpflanzenfasern und Schäben zumindest in Teilen miteinander verbunden sind,
• g) Vermischen des zerkleinerten Bastpflanzenmaterials enthaltend Bastpflanzenfasern und gegebenenfalls Schäben mit dem Getreidestroh gemäß a) und gegebenenfalls dem mindestens einen Bindemittel gemäß b), insbesondere der mindestens einen Bindefaser, insbesondere im Luftstrom,
• j) Austragung der Mischung gemäß g) auf ein Förderband unter Ausbildung eines Faserflors,
• l) Bilden eines Vorvlieses mittels mindestens eines ersten Vliesbildners, insbesondere ausgestattet mit Nadeln oder Stiften, beispielsweise aerodynamischen Vliesbildners, enthaltend mindestens eine Nadelwalze oder einen Tambour, und/oder mittels mindestens eines Vliesstreuers, insbesondere umfassend oder bestehend aus mindestens einer Stiftwalze, wobei die Mischung vorzugsweise vermittels einer ersten Transporteinheit, insbesondere enthaltend mindestens ein Walzenpaar aus Ober- und Unterwalze oder eine Oberwalze und einem Muldentisch, dem Vliesbildner oder Vliesstreuer zugeführt wird,
• n) sofern in Schritt g) kein Bindemittel zugegeben wird, Beaufschlagen des Vorvlieses, insbesondere Bestreuen des Vorvlieses, mit mindestens einem partikulären Bindemittel, insbesondere in Form von Pulver, Granulat oder Fasern oder einer beliebigen Mischung hiervon, oder sofern in Schritt g) Bindemittel zugegeben wird, gegebenenfalls Beaufschlagen des Vorvlieses, insbesondere Bestreuen des Vorvlieses, mit mindestens einem partikulären Bindemittel, insbesondere in Form von Pulver, Granulat oder Fasern oder einer beliebigen Mischung hiervon,
• o) Bilden eines Vlieses aus dem Vorvlies gemäß Schritt 1) oder n) mittels eines zweiten, insbesondere aerodynamischen, Vliesbildners, insbesondere enthaltend einen Tambour, insbesondere ausgestattet mit einem Sägezahndraht und/oder einer Stiftwalze, wobei das Vorvlies vorzugsweise vermittels einer zweiten Transporteinheit, enthaltend mindestens ein Walzenpaar aus Ober- und Unterwalze oder enthaltend eine Oberwalze und einen Zuführtisch, dem zweiten Vliesbildner, insbesondere Tambour, zugeführt wird,
• r) Aktivieren des Bindemittels, insbesondere Behandeln des gemäß Schritt o), p) oder q) erhaltenen Vlieses mit Wärme zwecks Thermobonding des Bindemittels, insbesondere der Bindefasern, und gegebenenfalls gleichzeitiges oder zeitlich versetztes Beaufschlagen des Vlieses mit Druck,
• t) Abkühlen des gemäß Schritt r) verfestigten Vlieses und gegebenenfalls Beaufschlagen mit Druck und
• u) Vereinzeln des verfestigten Vlieses zu Faservlieswerkstoffen, insbesondere Faservliesmatten oder Faservliesplatten.

In an expedient embodiment of the first variant of the method according to the invention, this comprises

• (a) the provision of cereal straw,
• b) the Zunerfügungstellung at least one binder, in particular binder fiber,
• c) the provision of a, based on the amount of cereal straw, reduced amount of crushed bast plant material containing bast plant fibers and optionally shives, in particular of the bast plant fiber supplying bast plant, preferably the bast plant fibers and shives are at least partially interconnected,
• g) mixing the comminuted bast plant material containing bast plant fibers and, if appropriate, shives with the cereal straw according to a) and optionally the at least one binder according to b), in particular the at least one binder fiber, in particular in the air stream,
• j) discharging the mixture according to g) onto a conveyor belt to form a batt,
• l) forming a Vorvlieses by means of at least one first web forming agent, in particular equipped with needles or pins, for example aerodynamic web forming, containing at least one needle roller or a drum, and / or by means of at least one nonwoven spreader, in particular comprising or consisting of at least one pin roller, wherein the mixture preferably by means of a first transport unit, in particular containing at least one roller pair of top and bottom rollers or an upper roller and a bed table, the web forming or nonwoven spreader is supplied,
• n) if no binder is added in step g), applying the Vorvlieses, in particular sprinkling the Vorvlieses, with at least one particulate binder, in particular in the form of powder, granules or fibers or any mixture thereof, or if in step g) binders added is, optionally applying the Vorvlieses, in particular sprinkling the Vorvlieses, with at least one particulate binder, in particular in the form of powder, granules or fibers or any mixture thereof,
• o) forming a nonwoven fabric from the preliminary nonwoven according to step 1) or n) by means of a second, in particular aerodynamic, nonwoven forming agent, in particular comprising a spool, in particular equipped with a sawtooth wire and / or a pin roller, wherein the nonwoven preferably by means of a second transport unit containing at least a roller pair of upper and lower rollers or containing an upper roller and a feed table, the second web forming means, in particular Tambour, is supplied
• r) activating the binder, in particular treating the nonwoven obtained according to step o), p) or q) with heat for the purpose of thermobonding the binder, in particular the binder fibers, and optionally simultaneously or temporally staggering the nonwoven with pressure,
• t) cooling the nonwoven consolidated in step r) and, if appropriate, applying pressure and
• u) separating the consolidated web into non-woven materials, in particular nonwoven mats or non-woven fiber plates.

1. a) die Zunerfügungstellung einer Hauptmenge an Getreidestroh,
2. b) Zurverfügungstellung mindestens eines Bindemittels, insbesondere Bindefaser,
3. c) die Zurverfügungstellung einer Mindermenge an zerkleinertem Bastpflanzenmaterial enthaltend Bastpflanzenfasern und gegebenenfalls Schäben von der die Bastpflanzenfasern liefernden Bastpflanze, wobei vorzugsweise die Bastpflanzenfasern und Schäben zumindest in Teilen miteinander verbunden sind,
4. d) Herstellung einer ersten Materiallage aus dem zerkleinerten Bastpflanzenmaterial enthaltend Bastpflanzenfasern und gegebenenfalls Schäben in einer ersten Zuführvorrichtung,
5. e) gegebenenfalls Herstellung mindestens einer weiteren, zweiten Materiallage aus dem Getreidestroh gemäß a) in einer weiteren, zweiten Zuführvorrichtung,
6. f) gegebenenfalls Versetzten der ersten und/oder zweiten Materiallage und/oder des Getreidestrohs gemäß a) mit mindestens einem Flammschutzmittel, mindestens einem Hydrophobierungsmittel und/oder mindestens einem Biozid, insbesondere Beaufschlagen der Materiallagen von der Oberseite mit einem wässrigen System, enthaltend mindestens ein Flammschutzmittel, mindestens ein Hydrophobierungsmittel und/oder mindestens ein Biozid,
7. g) Vermischen des zerkleinerten Bastpflanzenmaterials enthaltend Bastpflanzenfasern und gegebenenfalls Schäben mit dem Getreidestroh gemäß a) und/oder e) und dem mindestens einen Bindemittel gemäß b), insbesondere der mindestens einen Bindefaser, insbesondere im Luftstrom,
8. h) gegebenenfalls Abscheiden von Staub- und/oder Fremdteilchen aus der erhaltenen Mischung, insbesondere mittels mindestens eines Zyklonabscheiders und/oder Kondensers, insbesondere Kondensers,
9. i) gegebenenfalls Zwischenlagerung der nach Schritt g) bzw. h) erhaltenen Mischung,
10. j) Austragung der Mischung auf ein Förderband unter Ausbildung eines Faserflors,
11. k) Behandeln des Faserflors mit mindestens einem Flammschutzmittel, mindestens einem Hydrophobierungsmittel und/oder mindestens einem Biozid, insbesondere Beaufschlagen des Faserflors von der Oberseite mit einem wässrigen System, enthaltend mindestens ein Flammschutzmittel, mindestens ein Hydrophobierungsmittel und/oder mindestens ein Biozid,
12. l) Bilden eines Vorvlieses mittels mindestens eines ersten Vliesbildners, insbesondere ausgestattet mit Nadeln oder Stiften, beispielsweise aerodynamischen Vliesbildners, enthaltend mindestens eine Nadelwalze oder einen Tambour, und/oder mittels mindestens eines Vliesstreuers, insbesondere umfassend oder bestehend aus mindestens einer Stiftwalze, wobei die Mischung vorzugsweise vermittels einer ersten Transporteinheit, insbesondere enthaltend mindestens ein Walzenpaar aus Ober- und Unterwalze oder eine Oberwalze und einem Muldentisch, dem Vliesbildner oder Vliesstreuer zugeführt wird,
13. m) gegebenenfalls Behandeln des Vorvlieses mit mindestens einem Flammschutzmittel, mindestens einem Hydrophobierungsmittel und/oder mindestens einem Biozid, insbesondere Beaufschlagen des Vorvlieses von der Oberseite und/oder Unterseite mit einem wässrigen System, enthaltend mindestens ein Flammschutzmittel, mindestens ein Hydrophobierungsmittel und/oder mindestens ein Biozid,
14. n) gegebenenfalls Beaufschlagen des Vorvlieses, insbesondere Bestreuen des Vorvlieses, mit mindestens einem partikulären Bindemittel, insbesondere in Form von Pulver, Granulat oder Fasern oder einer beliebigen Mischung hiervon,
15. o) Bilden eines Vlieses aus dem Vorvlies gemäß Schritt 1), m) oder n) mittels eines zweiten, insbesondere aerodynamischen, Vliesbildners, insbesondere enthaltend einen Tambour, insbesondere ausgestattet mit einem Sägezahndraht und/oder einer Stiftwalze, wobei das Vorvlies vorzugsweise vermittels einer zweiten Transporteinheit, enthaltend mindestens ein Walzenpaar aus Ober- und Unterwalze oder enthaltend eine Oberwalze und einen Zuführtisch, dem zweiten Vliesbildner, insbesondere Tambour, zugeführt wird,
16. p) gegebenenfalls Behandeln dieses Vlieses mit mindestens einem Flammschutzmittel, mindestens einem Hydrophobierungsmittel und/oder mindestens einem Biozid, insbesondere Beaufschlagen des Vlieses von der Oberseite und/oder Unterseite mit einem wässrigen System, enthaltend mindestens ein Flammschutzmittel, mindestens ein Hydrophobierungsmittel und/oder mindestens ein Biozid,
17. q) gegebenenfalls Beaufschlagen des Vlieses mit Wasserdampf, insbesondere wenn in Schritt n) ein partikuläres Bindemittel, vorzugsweise in Pulverform, zugegeben wird,
18. r) Aktivieren des Bindemittels, insbesondere Behandeln des gemäß Schritt o), p) oder q) erhaltenen Vlieses mit Wärme zwecks Thermobonding des Bindemittels, insbesondere der Bindefasern, und gegebenenfalls gleichzeitiges oder zeitlich versetztes Beaufschlagen des Vlieses mit Druck,
19. s) gegebenenfalls Kalandrieren des gemäß Schritt q) oder r) erhaltenen Vlieses,
20. t) sofern in Schritt q), r) und/oder s) eine Wärmebehandlung stattgefunden hat, Abkühlen des gemäß Schritt q, r) und/oder s) verfestigten Vlieses und gegebenenfalls Beaufschlagen mit Druck und
21. u) Vereinzeln des verfestigten Vlieses zu Faserwerkstoffen, insbesondere Faservliesmatten oder Faservliesplatten, z.B. Dämmstoffmatten.

In a preferred embodiment, the method according to the invention according to the first embodiment variant of the invention comprises the steps:

1. (a) the making of a major quantity of cereal straw,
2. b) providing at least one binder, in particular binder fiber,
3. c) the provision of a reduced quantity of shredded bast plant material containing bast plant fibers and, if appropriate, shives of the bast plant supplying the bast plant fibers, wherein preferably the bast plant fibers and shives are at least partially interconnected,
4. d) production of a first material layer from the comminuted bast plant material containing bast plant fibers and optionally shives in a first feeding device,
5. e) if appropriate, production of at least one further, second material layer from the grain straw according to a) in a further, second feeding device,
6. f) if appropriate, offsetting the first and / or second material layer and / or the cereal straw according to a) with at least one flame retardant, at least one hydrophobizing agent and / or at least one biocide, in particular subjecting the material layers from the top to an aqueous system containing at least one flame retardant , at least one water repellent and / or at least one biocide,
7. g) mixing the comminuted bast plant material containing bast plant fibers and, if appropriate, shives with the cereal straw according to a) and / or e) and the at least one binder according to b), in particular the at least one binder fiber, in particular in the air stream,
8. h) optionally separating dust and / or foreign particles from the resulting mixture, in particular by means of at least one cyclone separator and / or condenser, in particular a condenser,
9. i) if appropriate intermediate storage of the mixture obtained according to step g) or h),
10. j) discharging the mixture onto a conveyor belt to form a batt,
11. k) treating the batt with at least one flame retardant, at least one hydrophobizing agent and / or at least one biocide, in particular subjecting the batt from the top to an aqueous system containing at least one flame retardant, at least one water repellent and / or at least one biocide,
12. l) forming a Vorvlieses by means of at least one first web forming agent, in particular equipped with needles or pins, for example aerodynamic web forming, containing at least one needle roller or a drum, and / or by means of at least one nonwoven spreader, in particular comprising or consisting of at least one pin roller, wherein the mixture preferably by means of a first transport unit, in particular containing at least one roller pair of top and bottom rollers or an upper roller and a bed table, the web forming or nonwoven spreader is supplied,
13. m) optionally treating the Vorvlieses with at least one flame retardant, at least one hydrophobizing agent and / or at least one biocide, in particular subjecting the Vorvlieses from the top and / or bottom with an aqueous system containing at least one flame retardant, at least one hydrophobing agent and / or at least one biocide,
14. n) optionally applying the pre-fleece, in particular sprinkling the pre-fleece, with at least one particulate binder, in particular in the form of powder, granules or fibers or any mixture thereof,
15. o) forming a fleece from the preliminary fleece according to step 1), m) or n) by means of a second, in particular aerodynamic, nonwoven, in particular containing a spool, in particular equipped with a sawtooth wire and / or a pin roller, the Vorvlies preferably by means of a second transport unit containing at least one pair of rollers upper and lower roller or containing a top roller and a feed table, the second web forming, in particular Tambour, is supplied,
16. p) optionally treating this nonwoven fabric with at least one flame retardant, at least one hydrophobizing agent and / or at least one biocide, in particular subjecting the nonwoven from the top and / or bottom with an aqueous system containing at least one flame retardant, at least one hydrophobizing agent and / or at least one biocide,
17. q) optionally applying steam to the nonwoven, in particular if a particulate binder, preferably in powder form, is added in step n),
18. r) activating the binder, in particular treating the nonwoven obtained according to step o), p) or q) with heat for the purpose of thermobonding the binder, in particular the binder fibers, and optionally simultaneously or temporally staggering the nonwoven with pressure,
19. s) optionally calendering of the nonwoven fabric obtained according to step q) or r),
20. t) if heat treatment has taken place in step q), r) and / or s), cooling of the nonwoven consolidated in step q, r) and / or s) and, if appropriate, pressurizing and
21. u) separating the solidified web into fiber materials, in particular non-woven mats or non-woven fiber plates, eg insulation mats.

• a') Zurverfügungstellung von, insbesondere einer Hauptmenge, an zumindest partiell längszerfasertem und gegebenenfalls auch gekürzten Getreidestroh (A)) und (C)),
• b') Zurverfügungstellung mindestens eines Bindemittels, insbesondere Bindefaser (B)),
• f') gegebenenfalls Versetzen der Materiallage (D)) und/oder des Getreidestrohs gemäß a') (A), C)) mit mindestens einem Flammschutzmittel und/oder einem Hydrophobierungsmittel und/oder einem Biozid, insbesondere Beaufschlagen der Materiallagen von der Oberseite und/oder der Unterseite, insbesondere der Oberseite, mit einem wässrigen System, enthaltend mindestens ein Flammschutzmittel und/oder ein Hydrophobierungsmittel und/oder ein Biozid, (E))
• j') Austragung des Getreidestrohs gemäß a') (A), C)) oder der zweiten Materiallage gemäß e') oder der Mischung gemäß f') auf ein Förderband unter Ausbildung eines Faserflors,
• l') Bilden eines Vorvlieses mittels mindestens eines ersten Vliesbildners, insbesondere ausgestattet mit Nadeln oder Stiften, beispielsweise aerodynamischen Vliesbildners, enthaltend mindestens eine Nadelwalze oder einen Tambour, und/oder mittels mindestens eines Vliesstreuers, insbesondere umfassend oder bestehend aus mindestens einer Stiftwalze, wobei die Mischung vorzugsweise vermittels einer ersten Transporteinheit, insbesondere enthaltend mindestens ein Walzenpaar aus Ober- und Unterwalze oder eine Oberwalze und einem Muldentisch, dem Vliesbildner oder Vliesstreuer zugeführt wird,
• n') Beaufschlagen des Vorvlieses, insbesondere Bestreuen des Vorvlieses, mit mindestens einem partikulären Bindemittel, insbesondere in Form von Pulver, Granulat oder Fasern oder einer beliebigen Mischung hiervon, (F))
• o') Bilden eines Vlieses aus dem Vorvlies gemäß Schritt l') oder n') mittels eines zweiten, insbesondere aerodynamischen, Vliesbildners, insbesondere enthaltend einen Tambour, insbesondere ausgestattet mit einem Sägezahndraht und/oder einer Stiftwalze, wobei das Vorvlies vorzugsweise vermittels einer zweiten Transporteinheit, enthaltend mindestens ein Walzenpaar aus Ober- und Unterwalze oder enthaltend eine Oberwalze und einen Zuführtisch, dem zweiten Vliesbildner, insbesondere Tambour, zugeführt wird,
• q') Beaufschlagen des Vlieses mit Wasserdampf, insbesondere wenn in Schritt n') ein partikuläres Bindemittel, vorzugsweise in Pulverform, zugegeben wird, und/oder
• r') Aktivieren des Bindemittels, insbesondere Behandeln des gemäß Schritt o') erhaltenen Vlieses mit Wärme zwecks Thermobonding des Bindemittels, insbesondere der Bindefasern, und gegebenenfalls gleichzeitiges oder zeitlich versetztes Beaufschlagen des Vlieses mit Druck, (G))
• t') Abkühlen des gemäß Schritt q') und/oder r') verfestigten Vlieses und gegebenenfalls Beaufschlagen mit Druck und
• u') Vereinzeln des verfestigten Vlieses zu Faserrrlieswerkstoffen, insbesondere Faservliesmatten oder Faservliesplatten (I)).

In a pragmatic embodiment, the method according to the invention according to the second embodiment of the invention, which manages without the addition of a small amount of bast plant material, comprises the following steps

• a ') provision of, in particular a major amount, of grain straw (A)) and (C)) which is at least partially longitudinally shredded and optionally also shortened;
• b ') providing at least one binder, in particular binder fiber (B)),
• f ') optionally adding the material layer (D)) and / or the cereal straw according to a') (A), C)) with at least one flame retardant and / or a hydrophobing agent and / or a biocide, in particular applying the material layers from the top and / or the underside, in particular the upper side, with an aqueous system containing at least one flame retardant and / or a hydrophobing agent and / or a biocide, (E))
• j ') discharging the cereal straw according to a') (A), C)) or the second material layer according to e ') or the mixture according to f') onto a conveyor belt to form a batt,
• l ') forming a Vorvlieses by means of at least one first web forming agent, in particular equipped with needles or pins, for example aerodynamic web forming, containing at least one needle roller or a drum, and / or by means of at least one nonwoven spreader, in particular comprising or consisting of at least one pin roller, wherein the Mixture preferably by means of a first transport unit, in particular containing at least one roller pair of upper and lower rollers or a top roller and a bed table, the web forming or nonwoven spreader is supplied,
• n ') applying to the pre-fleece, in particular sprinkling the Vorvlieses, with at least one particulate binder, in particular in the form of powder, granules or fibers or any mixture thereof, (F))
• o ') forming a nonwoven fabric from the nonwoven fabric according to step l') or n ') by means of a second, in particular aerodynamic, nonwoven forming agent, in particular containing a spool, in particular equipped with a sawtooth wire and / or a pin roller, wherein the nonwoven fabric preferably by means of a second Transport unit, comprising at least one pair of rollers comprising upper and lower rollers or containing an upper roller and a feed table, the second web forming means, in particular Tambour, is supplied,
• q ') applying water vapor to the nonwoven, in particular if in step n') a particulate binder, preferably in powder form, is added, and / or
• r ') activating the binder, in particular treating the nonwoven fabric obtained according to step o') with heat for the purpose of thermobonding the binder, in particular the binder fibers, and optionally simultaneously or temporally offset applying of the fleece with pressure, (G))
• t ') cooling the nonwoven consolidated according to step q') and / or r ') and, if appropriate, applying pressure and
• u ') separating the consolidated web into fiber web materials, in particular nonwoven mats or nonwoven web plates (I)).

• A') Zurverfügungstellung von, insbesondere einer Hauptmenge, an zumindest partiell längszerfasertem und gegebenenfalls auch gekürzten Getreidestroh,
• b') Zunerfügungstellung mindestens eines Bindemittels, insbesondere Bindefaser,
• e') gegebenenfalls Herstellung mindestens einer zweiten Materiallage aus dem Getreidestroh gemäß a') in einer zweiten Zuführvorrichtung,
• f') gegebenenfalls Versetzen der zweiten Materiallage und/oder des Getreidestrohs gemäß a') mit mindestens einem Flammschutzmittel und/oder einem Hydrophobierungsmittel und/oder einem Biozid, insbesondere Beaufschlagen der Materiallagen von der Oberseite und/oder der Unterseite, insbesondere der Oberseite, mit einem wässrigen System, enthaltend mindestens ein Flammschutzmittel und/oder ein Hydrophobierungsmittel und/oder ein Biozid,
• h') gegebenenfalls Abscheiden von Staub- und/oder Fremdteilchen aus der erhaltenen Mischung, insbesondere mittels mindestens eines Zyklonabscheiders und/oder Kondensers, insbesondere Kondensers,
• i') gegebenenfalls Zwischenlagerung der nach Schritt h') erhaltenen Mischung,
• j') Austragung des Getreidestrohs gemäß a') oder der zweiten Materiallage gemäß e') oder der Mischung gemäß f'), h') oder i') auf ein Förderband unter Ausbildung eines Faserflors,
• k') gegebenenfalls Behandeln des Faserflors mit mindestens einem Flammschutzmittel und/oder einem Hydrophobierungsmittel und/oder einem Biozid, insbesondere Beaufschlagen des Faserflors von der Oberseite und/oder der Unterseite, insbesondere der Oberseite, mit einem wässrigen System, enthaltend mindestens ein Flammschutzmittel und/oder ein Hydrophobierungsmittel und/oder ein Biozid, jeweils insbesondere mindestens ein Flammschutzmittel,
• l') Bilden eines Vorvlieses mittels mindestens eines ersten Vliesbildners, insbesondere ausgestattet mit Nadeln oder Stiften, beispielsweise aerodynamischen Vliesbildners, enthaltend mindestens eine Nadelwalze oder einen Tambour, und/oder mittels mindestens eines Vliesstreuers, insbesondere umfassend oder bestehend aus mindestens einer Stiftwalze, wobei die Mischung vorzugsweise vermittels einer ersten Transporteinheit, insbesondere enthaltend mindestens ein Walzenpaar aus Ober- und Unterwalze oder eine Oberwalze und einem Muldentisch, dem Vliesbildner oder Vliesstreuer zugeführt wird,
• m') gegebenenfalls Behandeln des Vorvlieses mit mindestens einem Flammschutzmittel und/oder einem Hydrophobierungsmittel und/oder einem Biozid, insbesondere Beaufschlagen des Vorvlieses von der Oberseite und/oder Unterseite, insbesondere der Oberseite, mit einem wässrigen System, enthaltend mindestens ein Flammschutzmittel und/oder ein Hydrophobierungsmittel und/oder ein Biozid, jeweils insbesondere mindestens ein Flammschutzmittel,
• n') Beaufschlagen des Vorvlieses, insbesondere Bestreuen des Vorvlieses, mit mindestens einem partikulären Bindemittel, insbesondere in Form von Pulver, Granulat oder Fasern oder einer beliebigen Mischung hiervon,
• o') Bilden eines Vlieses aus dem Vorvlies gemäß Schritt l'), m') oder n') mittels eines zweiten, insbesondere aerodynamischen, Vliesbildners, insbesondere enthaltend einen Tambour, insbesondere ausgestattet mit einem Sägezahndraht und/oder einer Stiftwalze, wobei das Vorvlies vorzugsweise vermittels einer zweiten Transporteinheit, enthaltend mindestens ein Walzenpaar aus Ober- und Unterwalze oder enthaltend eine Oberwalze und einen Zuführtisch, dem zweiten Vliesbildner, insbesondere Tambour, zugeführt wird,
• p') gegebenenfalls Behandeln dieses Vlieses mit mindestens einem Flammschutzmittel und/oder einem Hydrophobierungsmittel und/oder einem Biozid, insbesondere Beaufschlagen des Vlieses von der Oberseite und/oder Unterseite, insbesondere der Oberseite, mit einem wässrigen System, enthaltend mindestens ein Flammschutzmittel und/oder ein Hydrophobierungsmittel und/oder ein Biozid, jeweils insbesondere mindestens ein Flammschutzmittel,
• q') gegebenenfalls Beaufschlagen des Vlieses mit Wasserdampf, insbesondere wenn in Schritt n') ein partikuläres Bindemittel, vorzugsweise in Pulverform, zugegeben wird,
• r') gegebenenfalls Aktivieren des Bindemittels, insbesondere Behandeln des gemäß Schritt o'), p') oder q') erhaltenen Vlieses mit Wärme zwecks Thermobonding des Bindemittels, insbesondere der Bindefasern, und gegebenenfalls gleichzeitiges oder zeitlich versetztes Beaufschlagen des Vlieses mit Druck,
• s') gegebenenfalls Kalandrieren des gemäß Schritt q') oder r') erhaltenen Vlieses,
• t') sofern in Schritt q'), r') und/oder s') eine Wärmebehandlung stattgefunden hat, Abkühlen des gemäß Schritt q'), r') und/oder s') verfestigten Vlieses und gegebenenfalls Beaufschlagen mit Druck und
• u') Vereinzeln des verfestigten Vlieses zu Faservlieswerkstoffen, insbesondere Faservliesmatten oder Faservliesplatten.

This process variant, which manages without the admixture of a small amount of bast plant material, uses in particular the following process steps:

• A ') provision of, in particular a major amount of, at least partially longitudinally shredded and possibly also shortened cereal straw,
• b ') provision of at least one binder, in particular binder fiber,
• e ') if appropriate, production of at least one second material layer from the grain straw according to a') in a second feeding device,
• f ') optionally adding the second material layer and / or the cereal straw according to a') with at least one flame retardant and / or a hydrophobing agent and / or a biocide, in particular applying the material layers from the top and / or bottom, in particular the top, with an aqueous system containing at least one flame retardant and / or a hydrophobing agent and / or a biocide,
• h ') optionally separating dust and / or foreign particles from the resulting mixture, in particular by means of at least one cyclone separator and / or condenser, in particular a condenser,
• i ') if appropriate intermediate storage of the mixture obtained after step h'),
• j ') discharging the cereal straw according to a') or the second material layer according to e ') or the mixture according to f'), h ') or i') onto a conveyor belt to form a batt,
• k ') optionally treating the batt with at least one flame retardant and / or a hydrophobing agent and / or a biocide, in particular subjecting the batt from the top and / or the bottom, in particular the top, with an aqueous system containing at least one flame retardant and / or a water repellent and / or a biocide, in each case in particular at least one flame retardant,
• l ') forming a Vorvlieses by means of at least one first web forming agent, in particular equipped with needles or pins, for example aerodynamic web forming, containing at least one needle roller or a drum, and / or by means of at least one nonwoven spreader, in particular comprising or consisting of at least one pin roller, wherein the Mixture preferably by means of a first transport unit, in particular containing at least one roller pair of upper and lower rollers or a top roller and a bed table, the web forming or nonwoven spreader is supplied,
• m ') optionally treating the Vorvlieses with at least one flame retardant and / or a hydrophobing agent and / or a biocide, in particular subjecting the Vorvlieses from the top and / or bottom, especially the top, with an aqueous system containing at least one flame retardant and / or a hydrophobing agent and / or a biocide, in each case especially at least one flame retardant,
• n ') applying the pre-fleece, in particular sprinkling the Vorvlieses, with at least one particulate binder, in particular in the form of powder, granules or fibers or any mixture thereof,
• o ') forming a nonwoven fabric from the nonwoven fabric according to step l'), m ') or n') by means of a second, in particular aerodynamic, nonwoven forming agent, in particular comprising a spool, in particular equipped with a sawtooth wire and / or a pin roller, wherein the pre-fleece preferably by means of a second transport unit, comprising at least one pair of rollers comprising top and bottom rollers or containing an upper roller and a feed table, the second web forming means, in particular Tambour, is supplied,
• p ') optionally treating this web with at least one flame retardant and / or a hydrophobing agent and / or a biocide, in particular subjecting the web from the top and / or bottom, in particular the top, with an aqueous system containing at least one flame retardant and / or a hydrophobing agent and / or a biocide, in each case especially at least one flame retardant,
• q ') optionally applying the steam to the nonwoven, in particular if a particulate binder, preferably in powder form, is added in step n'),
• r ') optionally activating the binder, in particular treating the nonwoven fabric obtained according to step o'), p ') or q') with heat for the purpose of thermobonding the binder, in particular the binder fibers, and optionally simultaneously or temporally staggering the nonwoven with pressure,
• s') optionally calendering of the nonwoven obtained according to step q ') or r'),
• t ') if a heat treatment has taken place in step q'), r ') and / or s'), cooling of the nonwoven consolidated according to step q'), r ') and / or s') and optionally pressurizing and
• u ') separating the consolidated web into nonwoven materials, in particular nonwoven mats or nonwoven webs.

Grain straw within the meaning of the invention is threshed dry stalks and leaves of cereals. In an expedient embodiment of this cereal straw is initially provided in bales compressed form available. During processing, e.g. the threshing of cereal straw, and in particular also when baling, grain straw is regularly kinked, torn and / or cut, i. at least partially pre-shredded. Cereal straw is accordingly at least partially pre-shredded plant material, although an explicit comminution step has not taken place. Here, the grain straw may preferably be selected from the group consisting of wheat straw, barley straw, rye straw, spelled straw, oat straw, rice straw and any mixtures thereof. For the method according to the invention is preferably resorted to wheat straw.

Grain straw is characterized by the fact that it is equipped with a pronounced cuticle especially at its stalks. The cuticle of the plants is usually a waxy coating whose hydrophobic properties help to reduce water losses. The cuticle is generally found on leaves and stems of plants. The rhizodermis of plants, however, has no cuticle, so as not to hinder the absorption of water and nutrients. Especially in the straw of cereals, the cuticle leads to a very smooth and flat surface, which prevents these components of the straw stick to each other or to other objects.

With the method according to the invention, it is no longer necessary to subject cereal straw to fiber materials, in particular nonwoven mats or fiber fleece plates, in a treatment step in which it is converted to a state of greater flexibility than its state before this treatment step and / or in which the Cuticle is completely or partially removed. Accordingly, such cereal straw is preferably used for the inventive method, which has not been treated with heat and water, in particular not exposed to a wet steam, saturated steam and / or superheated steam atmosphere or has been cooked in an aqueous system. Wet steam forms e.g. regularly by boiling the water in a closed container in a dense steam atmosphere, wherein during the evaporation of the steam small water droplets are entrained and are also in the steam atmosphere. As soon as a balance between the evaporation pressure of the water and the pressure of the water vapor sets in this process, one speaks of saturated steam. If one heats a separated from the (boiling) water saturated steam, you get so-called superheated steam. The inventive method eliminates the need to provide treatment steps with which the cuticle can be partially or completely removed.

Accordingly, with the method according to the invention, in particular according to the first embodiment of the invention, such cereal straw is preferably used, which is essentially not comminuted and is provided chemically as well as thermally untreated. Uncrushed in the context of the present invention, cereal straw is present when, apart from the threshing process and a possible pressing process for producing bales, which can contribute to a certain pre-shredding, no further explicit crushing step, for example by means of grinding units such as refiners has been subjected.

The cereal straw for the first as well as the second embodiment of the invention generally has a residual moisture in the range of 5 to 25 weight percent, preferably in the range of 7 to 20 weight percent, and more preferably in the range of 10 to 15 weight percent.

The process of the invention according to the first embodiment of the invention regularly uses such comminuted cereal straw, which has an average length, in particular absolute length, in the range up to 25 cm, for example from 0.5 to 25 cm or 4 to 25 cm, preferably in Range up to 20 cm, for example from 1 to 20 cm or 5 to 20 cm, and particularly preferably in the range up to 12 cm, for example from 1.5 to 12 cm or from 6 to 12 cm, having.

Particularly satisfactory results are also achieved by according to the first embodiment of the invention, the proportion of grain straw at or above 70 wt .-%, preferably at or above 80 wt .-% and particularly preferably at or above 90 wt. -% setting. Additionally or alternatively, in particular, it may also be provided that the proportion of the comminuted bast plant material is in the range up to 30% by weight, preferably in the range from 2 to 20% by weight and particularly preferably in the range from 4 to 10% by weight , In the sense of the first embodiment variant of the invention, a major amount of cereal straw is present in the fiber materials according to the invention, in particular nonwoven mats or fiber fleece plates, if they contain more than 50% by weight of cereal straw. The aforesaid proportion of cereal straw is calculated on the basis of the total amount of cereal straw and shredded bast plant material containing bast plant fibers and optionally shives. In the same way, the proportion of shredded bast plant material is based on the total amount of this shredded bast plant material and on cereal straw. That a minority of shredded bast plant material is present in the fiber materials of the invention, especially nonwoven mats or nonwoven fiberboards, if they contain less than 50% by weight of shredded bast plant material. In principle, therefore, in the determination of the main and minor amounts is based on a comparison of the amount of grain straw on the one hand and the amount of crushed bast plant material on the other.

The comminuted bast plant material, in particular hemp and / or flax plant material used in the method according to the first embodiment of the invention, is preferably subjected to a roasting process, in particular a field roast, before the comminution step. In this case, the comminuted bast plant material, in particular hemp and / or flax plant material, in a particularly expedient embodiment has a degree of roasting in the range from 1 to 8. The following scale is used to determine the degree of roast: 1 = not roasted and 9 = roast finished, with 1 - 3 = olive green to light green, 4 - 6 = pale blond to beige with incipient fungaling, 7 - 9 = ocher brown to dark brown with increasing fungal infection (according to IfPP (Information for crop production) Issue 7/1998, "Investigations on crop-related, harvesting and economic issues of the cultivation of fiber and grain hemp", State Institute for Crop Production Forchheim, ISSN 0937 - 6712, 7/1998).

In a further expedient embodiment, the comminuted bast plant material, in particular hemp and / or flax plant material, a share of shives less than 50 wt .-%, in particular less than 45 wt .-%, and particularly preferably less than 40 wt .-%, each based on the total weight of the crushed bast plant material, on. The average length, in particular the absolute, length of the fibers of the comminuted bast plant material, in particular flat plant material, are preferably in the range of 15 mm to 150 mm, in particular in the range of 30 mm to 130 mm and particularly preferably in the range of 50 mm to 90 mm.

For the shredded bast plant material, preference is given to those materials selected from the group consisting of hemp, jute, nettle, flax, kenaf, ramie and miscanthus or any mixtures thereof.

In a particularly expedient embodiment of the method according to the invention, it is provided that the feed station has a weighing module, a device for loosening up the straw of cereals and / or bast plant material. The integration of a weighing module makes it possible, preferably automated, to ensure that the fiber materials obtained, in particular nonwoven mats or fiber fleece sheets, have no significant variations in thickness, strength and / or density. This would be detrimental to a uniform, good thermal insulation as well as a good stability. Thickness, strength and / or density fluctuations can also be considerably reduced again by providing a weighing module between pre-fleece and web formation (steps m) and p)) for determining the amount of pre-fleece. By connecting the weighing module to a control unit, it is possible to set the quantity of material to be supplied per unit time to the second, in particular aerodynamic, web formner.

Furthermore, for many purposes, it has proved to be preferable for the inventive method also to provide a device for applying bast plant material and / or grain straw with at least one flame retardant and / or at least one hydrophobizing agent and / or at least one biocide. Here, such devices have proved to be particularly suitable, with which the bast plant material and / or the cereal straw can be sprayed with an aqueous system containing at least one flame retardant and / or at least one hydrophobizing agent and / or at least one biocide. Accordingly, a sufficient flame retardancy for the fiber materials according to the invention, in particular nonwoven mats or nonwoven sheets, be obtained by applying at least one flame retardant, in particular with an aqueous system containing at least one flame retardant, the fiber web and / or the Vorvlies and / or the nonwoven ,

Suitable flame retardants can be selected from the group consisting of nitrogen-containing phosphates, in particular ammonium, melamine or guanidine phosphate, aluminum phosphates, aluminum hydroxides, expandable graphite, borates, in particular ammonium, melamine, guanidine, potassium or sodium borates, boric acid, borophosphates, Pre-oxidized viscose fibers, pre-oxidized polyacrylonitrile fibers, carbon fibers and rice husk or any mixtures thereof. Nitrogen-containing phosphates, in particular ammonium, melamine or guanidine phosphates, aluminum phosphates, aluminum hydroxides, borates, in particular ammonium, melamine, guanidine, potassium or sodium borates, boric acid or borophosphoric acid esters or mixtures thereof can be very effectively used in the form of aqueous systems , For example, aqueous solutions, enter in the present as a material layer, batt, fleece or fleece material present.

Furthermore, it is preferred that the first and / or second web formers comprise a screen drum acted upon with negative pressure or can be acted upon for the removal of dust particles. In this way, also conveying air can be sucked off. The cutting off of dust and possibly also conveying air contribute to further improved properties of the resulting fiber materials, for example in terms of stability and strength.

Binders which are preferably used in the processes according to the invention are binder fibers (also called binder fibers). In this case, thermoplastic mono- or multicomponent fibers can be used, wherein bicomponent fibers are regularly preferred. Suitable bicomponent fibers can be based on, for example, polyesters, polylactides and / or polyolefins. The binder can in principle be used in the form of fibers, granules or powder or as any mixture of these binder forms. Preference is given to thermoplastic binders. Binders in the form of binder fibers are preferably used for the production process according to the invention. The binder is regularly based on thermoplastic polymers. These materials have a softening temperature, also called the glass transition temperature, above which they assume a ductile, melt-like consistency. Accordingly, bonding of individual fibers or fiber bundles via the temporarily softened binder is achieved in the solidification known as thermobonding of the mixture of vegetable fibers and binders present in the pre-fleece or fleece. After cooling, the thermoplastic binders solidify again.

As a binder can also be used on phenolic resin fibers. Furthermore, suitable binders, in particular for the production of MDF components from the fiber materials according to the invention, urea-formaldehyde resins, melamine-urea-formaldehyde resins, phenol-formaldehyde resins, phenol-modified melamine-formaldehyde-adhesive resins, tannin-formaldehyde resins, polymeric methanediphenyl diisocyanate and / or phenolic resorcinol resins.

Suitable binders which are suitable for the consolidation of fiber webs are known to the person skilled in the art. This also applies in particular to suitable binder fibers.

The step of activating the binder, in particular treating the nonwoven fabric obtained according to one of steps m) or p) with heat for the purpose of thermobonding the binder, in particular the binder fibers, in a suitable embodiment may also comprise applying water vapor to the nonwoven fabric. The application of steam is used in particular even if in step o) a particulate binder, preferably in powder form, is used. The application of water vapor in one embodiment, in particular if the application of steam is not sufficient for activation of the binder, can be preceded by the activation step. It then serves primarily for conditioning the fleece.

During or during activation, the binder forms a solid bond with the crop straw and / or bast plant material. This succeeds in thermoplastic binders regularly particularly expediently by treatment with heat. Here, the reversible softening behavior of the thermoplastic materials is utilized.

The proportion of the binder, in particular the binder fiber, is preferably in the range of 2 to 25 wt .-%, preferably in the range of 5 to 20 wt .-% and particularly preferably in the range of 10 to 15 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the fiber material produced.

In an embodiment according to step p), the method according to the invention can be supplemented by the step of laminating the top and / or the underside of the nonwoven with at least one cover fleece.

The inventive method according to the first embodiment of the invention solves the task underlying the invention particularly satisfactory even if the bast plant material containing plant fibers and optionally shives mainly plant fibers and / or shives with an average length, in particular absolute length, in the range of 2 to 15 cm, in particular in the range of 3 to 12 cm and particularly preferably in the range of 4 to 10 cm. Particularly suitable Lengths of shredded bast plant materials, in particular fibers / or shives, preferably fibers and shives, can also be obtained by having the width of the cutting discs of the rotary shears or rotor turret in the range of 4 cm to 15 cm, preferably in the range of 5 to 12 cm and more preferably in the range of 7 to 10 cm and / or that the diameter of the cutting discs in the range of 300 mm to 900 mm, preferably in the range of 400 mm to 800 mm and more preferably in the range of 600 mm to 700 mm. The rotary shears or the rotor tears regularly have two, in particular counter-rotating, cutting shafts. Suitable rotor shears or Rotorreißer are the expert, for example from the WO2013 / 167497 known.

In the shredded bast plant materials containing plant fibers and shives, underlying plant stems are preferably selected on those having an average thickness, preferably maximum thickness, to 10 mm, preferably to 6 mm and more preferably in the range of 3 mm to 5 mm.

The setting of the desired length of bast plant fibers and shives succeeds according to a particularly advantageous embodiment, particularly reliable when using a guillotine cutter, which comprises a substantially transversely to the conveying direction of the stream of bast plant material, in particular linear, movable or moving cutting blade. In this way, it is particularly well possible to bring the bast plant fibers and shives to a predetermined average length, without having to accept a particularly large spread of the lengths obtained in purchasing.

A particularly homogeneous distribution of the components within the fiber materials obtained by the process according to the first embodiment of the invention and to a particularly plant-sparing and complication-free process flow is achieved in particular by the plant stems underlying the comminuted bast plant material containing plant fibers and optionally shives prior to comminution have an average thickness, preferably maximum thickness, to 5 cm, preferably to 4.5 cm, and more preferably in the range of 0.2 cm to 3.5 cm.

For the process according to the first embodiment of the invention, preference is given to using such comminuted bast plant materials with a fiber content in the range from 10 to 90% by weight, in particular in the range from 20 to 60% by weight and more preferably in the range from 40 ° up to 60% by weight, and / or a proportion of shives in the range from 10 to 60% by weight, in particular in the range from 20 to 60% by weight, and particularly preferably in the range from 20 to 45% by weight, in each case based on the total mixture of the comminuted bast plant material.

The object underlying the invention is further achieved according to the first embodiment of the invention by fiber materials, in particular nonwoven mats or nonwoven sheets, especially Dämmstoffmatten, in particular obtainable according to the first embodiment of the method according to the invention, comprising a major amount of cereal straw and a reduced amount of crushed bast plant material containing Bast plant fibers and optionally shives, in particular of the bast plant fibers supplying bast plant fibers, wherein preferably the bast plant fibers and shives are at least partially interconnected, and at least one binder, in particular binder fiber, and optionally at least one flame retardant, water repellent and / or biocide.

Preferred fiber materials, according to the first embodiment of the invention, in particular nonwoven mats or nonwoven sheets are characterized in that therein the proportion of the grain straw at or above 70 wt .-%, preferably at or above 80 wt .-% and particularly preferably is at or above 90% by weight, said weight fraction of cereal straw being calculated on the basis of the total weight of cereal straw and shredded bast plant material containing bast plant fibers and optionally shives, and / or the proportion of shredded bast plant material is in the range of 0 to 30% by weight, preferably in the range of 2 to 20% by weight and more preferably in the range of 4 to 10% by weight, said weight fraction of the comminuted bast plant material being calculated on the basis of the total weight of cereal straw and shredded bast plant material containing bast plant fibers and optionally s shunting.

The object underlying the invention is further solved by a fiber material according to the second embodiment of the invention, in particular nonwoven mat or nonwoven plate, in particular obtainable according to the method according to the second embodiment of the invention, comprising or consisting of longitudinally fiberized and in particular shortened cereal straw and at least one Binder, in particular at least one binder fiber, and optionally a small amount of non-longitudinally fiberized cereal straw and / or optionally at least one flame retardant and / or a hydrophobing agent and / or a biocide.

Particularly preferred fiber materials according to the invention, in particular insulating mats or insulating panels, in this second embodiment of the invention, especially if no bast plant material is present in addition to the grain straw, contain at least one groove and / or at least one spring or corresponding joining components to adjacent fiber materials such as insulation mat or insulation boards flush with each other to combine. Accordingly, these erfindungsgemääl3en fiber materials, in particular insulation mats or insulation boards, preferably when only formed from the grain straw, readily, that is, usually with conventional tools, mechanically edit, for example, mill. In this way, fiber materials, in particular insulating mats or insulating panels, e.g. equipped with grooves and / or springs.

Suitable fiber materials, in particular nonwoven mats or fiber fleece plates, are characterized by a density in the range of greater than or equal to 15 kg / m ³ , preferably greater than or equal to 40 kg / m ³ and particularly preferably in the range of 20 to 600 kg / m ³ . In a particularly expedient embodiment, the fiber materials according to the invention, in particular nonwoven mats or fiber fleece plates, have a density in the range greater than or equal to 60 kg / m ³ and preferably greater than or equal to 150 kg / m ³ .

The fibrous materials according to the invention, in particular nonwoven mats or fiber fleece plates, are also distinguished in a preferred embodiment in that they have substantially no straw chips or that straw chips are not added. Also preferred are such fiber materials, in particular nonwoven mats or nonwoven fiberboards, which essentially do not contain grain straw, in which the cuticle has been partially or completely removed. Furthermore, those fiber materials, in particular nonwoven mats or nonwoven fiberboards are preferred, which - alternatively or additionally - contain substantially no refined grain straw.

In particular, hearing-compacted product can be used in furniture, for example as a mural after.

In a particularly expedient embodiment, the fiber materials according to the invention are in the form of MDF boards, building insulation mats for heat and / or sound insulation, as a substrate for hydroponic systems or as furniture components.

The fiber materials according to the invention, in particular in the form of insulating mats or insulation boards, can preferably be used for noise and / or thermal insulation become.

The present invention is based on the surprising finding that grain straw can also be transported without comminution in conventional systems for the production of fiber fleece peat mats if a small amount is added to a comminuted bast plant material. While, for example, cereal straw as such sometimes can not be transported via transport rollers or vine leaf belts, this succeeds readily when previously mixed with crushed bast plant material. Another advantage of the method according to the invention is that the grain straw can be processed as such in a cost effective manner to high quality fiber materials, especially nonwoven mats or nonwoven sheets, without the grain straw before shredding steps and / or a chemical treatment to replace the cuticle is subject , Surprising is also the high transport speed at which grain straw, in particular substantially uncrushed grain straw, can be processed on conventional systems by means of thermobonding to fiber materials, in particular nonwoven mats or fiber fleece plates. With the method according to the invention is obtained in a way fiber materials, especially non-woven mats or non-woven fiber plates in which the materials used are very homogeneously distributed. This brings a very uniform insulation with it, both thermal insulation as well as sound insulation. Accordingly, the differences in density within the fiber materials obtainable by the processes according to the invention, in particular nonwoven mats or fiber fleece plates, are negligible or nonexistent. The products obtainable by this process therefore have a pronounced stability and can be used, for example, for external facade insulation. In addition, the inventive method allows the flexible entry of both binder and flame retardant at different points in the process. This allows targeted and reliable production of products for very specific applications. Finally, fiber materials, in particular nonwoven mats or nonwoven fibrous plates, can be obtained with greatly differing densities with the method according to the invention. Accordingly, the inventive method allows both the production of fiber materials, especially nonwoven mats or non-woven fiber plates, for the Gefachdämmung as well as the facade insulation on one and the same system.

The features of the invention disclosed in the foregoing description and in the claims may be essential both individually and in any combination for the realization of the invention in its various embodiments.

Claims (18)

Process for the production of fiber materials, in particular nonwoven mats or nonwoven fibrous plates, comprising a) Provision of cereal straw, in particular wheat straw, which is preferably at least partially comminuted, in particular shortened in length, optionally dried b) providing at least one binder, in particular binder fiber, c) providing a, based on the amount of cereal straw, reduced amount of comminuted bast plant material containing bast plant fibers and optionally shives, in particular of the bast plant fiber supplying bast plant, preferably the bast plant fibers and shives are at least partially interconnected, g) mixing the comminuted bast plant material containing bast plant fibers and optionally shives according to c) with the cereal straw according to a) and optionally the at least one binder according to b), in particular the at least one binder fiber, in particular in the air stream, j) discharging the mixture according to g) onto a conveyor belt, in particular to form a batt, n) if no binder is added in step g), applying to the mixture at least one, in particular particulate, binder, in particular in the form of powder, granules or fibers or any mixture thereof, or, if binder is added in step g), if appropriate, subjecting the mixture to at least one, in particular particulate, binder, in particular in the form of powder, granules or fibers or any mixture thereof, q) applying to the mixture with steam, especially if in step n) a, in particular particulate, binder, preferably in powder form, is added, and / or r) activation of the binder and, if appropriate, simultaneous or delayed addition of pressure to the mixture, s) optionally calendering the mixture obtained according to step q) or r), t) if a heat treatment has taken place in step q), r) and / or s), at least partially cooling the mixture solidified according to step q, r) and / or s) and, if appropriate, applying pressure and u) separating the solidified mixture into fiber materials, in particular nonwoven mats or non-woven fiber plates. The method of claim 1, further comprising after step b) or optionally c) the steps d) production of a first material layer from the comminuted bast plant material containing bast plant fibers and optionally shives in a first feeding device, e) producing at least one second material layer from the grain straw according to a) in a second feeding device, f) if appropriate, adding the first and / or second material layer and / or the straw of cereals according to a) with at least one flame retardant and / or a hydrophobing agent and / or a biocide, in particular applying the layers of material from the upper side and / or the lower side, in particular the upper side with an aqueous system containing at least one flame retardant and / or a hydrophobing agent and / or a biocide, g) Mixing the comminuted bast plant material containing bast plant fibers and optionally shives with the cereal straw according to a) and / or e) or f) and optionally the at least one binder according to b), in particular the at least one binder fiber. especially in the air stream. The method of claim 1 or 2, further comprising after step g) and before step k) h) separating dust and / or foreign particles from the resulting mixture, in particular by means of at least one cyclone separator and / or condenser, in particular condenser, and / or i) intermediate storage of the mixture obtained according to step g) or h) and / or j) discharging the mixture according to g), h) or i) onto a conveyor belt to form a batt. Method according to one of the preceding claims, further comprising after step j) the steps: k) optionally treating the batt with at least one flame retardant and / or a hydrophobing agent and / or a biocide, in particular subjecting the batt from the top and / or bottom, in particular the top, with an aqueous system containing at least one flame retardant and / or a hydrophobing agent and / or a biocide, in each case especially at least one flame retardant, l) forming a Vorvlieses by means of at least one first web forming agent, in particular equipped with needles or pins, for example aerodynamic web forming, containing at least one needle roller or a drum, and / or by means of at least one nonwoven spreader, in particular comprising or consisting of at least one pin roller, wherein the mixture preferably by means of a first transport unit, in particular containing at least one roller pair of top and bottom rollers or an upper roller and a bed table, the web forming or nonwoven spreader is supplied, m) optionally treating the Vorvlieses, with at least one flame retardant and / or a hydrophobing agent and / or a biocide, in particular subjecting the Vorvlieses from the top and / or bottom, especially the top, with an aqueous system containing at least one flame retardant and / or a hydrophobing agent and / or a biocide, in each case especially at least one flame retardant, n) if no binder is added in step g), applying the pre-fleece, in particular sprinkling the Vorvlieses, with at least one, in particular particulate, binder, in particular in the form of powder, granules or fibers or any mixture thereof, or if in step g ) Binder is added, optionally applying the Vorvlieses, in particular sprinkling the Vorvlieses, with at least one, in particular particulate, binder, in particular in the form of powder, granules or fibers or any mixture thereof, o) forming a nonwoven fabric from the preliminary nonwoven according to step 1), m) or n) by means of a second, in particular aerodynamic, nonwoven forming agent, in particular containing a spool, in particular equipped with a sawtooth wire and / or a pin roller, wherein the nonwoven fabric preferably by means of a second Transport unit, comprising at least one pair of rollers comprising upper and lower rollers or containing an upper roller and a feed table, the second web forming means, in particular Tambour, is supplied, p) optionally treating this web with at least one flame retardant and / or a hydrophobing agent and / or a biocide, in particular subjecting the web from the top and / or bottom, in particular the top, with an aqueous system containing at least one flame retardant and / or a Hydrophobing agent and / or a biocide, in each case in particular at least one flame retardant, q) applying water vapor to the nonwoven, in particular if in step n) a, in particular particulate, binder, preferably in powder form, is added, and / or r) activating the binder, in particular treating the nonwoven obtained according to step o), p) or q) with heat for the purpose of thermobonding the binder, in particular the binder fibers, and optionally simultaneously or temporally staggering the nonwoven with pressure, s) optionally calendering of the nonwoven fabric obtained according to step q) or r), t) if heat treatment has taken place in step q), r) and / or s), cooling of the nonwoven consolidated in step q, r) and / or s) and, if appropriate, pressurizing and u) separating the consolidated web into non-woven materials, in particular nonwoven mats or non-woven fiber plates. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the proportion of the cereal straw is at or above 70 wt .-%, preferably at or above 80 wt .-% and particularly preferably at or above 90 wt .-%, wherein said weight fraction of cereal straw is calculated on the basis of the total weight of cereal straw and crushed bast plant material containing bast plant fibers and optionally shives, and / or the proportion of the shredded bast plant material is in the range of up to 30% by weight, preferably in the range of 2 to 20 wt .-% and particularly preferably in the range of 4 to 10 wt .-%, said weight fraction of the comminuted bast plant material calculated on the basis of the total weight of cereal straw and on crushed bast plant material containing bast plant fibers and optionally shives, and / or that
the shredded bast plant material has a fiber content in the range from 10 to 90% by weight, in particular in the range from 20 to 60% by weight and particularly preferably in the range from 40 to 60% by weight, and / or a shive fraction in the range from 10 to 60 wt .-%, in particular in the range of 20 to 60 wt .-% and particularly preferably in the range of 20 to 45 wt .-%, having. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that
the comminuted bast plant material containing plant fibers and shives mainly comprises plant fibers and / or shives having an average length, in particular absolute length, in the range of 2 to 15 cm, in particular in the range of 3 to 12 cm and particularly preferably in the range of 4 to 10 cm and / or that the plant stems underlying the comminuted bast plant material containing plant fibers and shives have an average thickness, preferably maximum thickness, of up to 10 mm, preferably up to 6 mm and particularly preferably in the range of 3 mm to 5 mm. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that
the cereal straw has a residual moisture in the range of 5 to 25 weight percent, preferably in the range of 7 to 20 weight percent, and more preferably in the range of 10 to 15 weight percent. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that
the binder fibers are thermoplastic mono- or multicomponent fibers, especially bicomponent fibers. Fiber material, in particular non-woven mat or non-woven fabric plate, in particular obtainable according to the method according to one of the preceding claims, comprising a major amount of cereal straw, in particular wheat straw, and
a minority of shredded bast plant material containing bast plant fibers and optionally shives, in particular of the bast plant supplying the bast plant fibers, preferably the bast plant fibers and shives at least in Share with each other, as well
at least one binder, in particular binder fiber, and
optionally at least one flame retardant, water repellent and / or biocide. Fiber material according to claim 9, characterized in that
in that the proportion of the cereal straw is at or above 70% by weight, preferably at or above 80% by weight and particularly preferably at or above 90% by weight, said weight fraction of cereal straw being calculated on the basis of Base of the total weight of cereal straw and crushed bast plant material containing bast plant fibers and optionally shives, and / or that the proportion of the shredded bast plant material in the range of 0 to 30 wt .-%, preferably in the range of 2 to 20 wt .-% and particularly preferably is in the range of 4 to 10% by weight, said weight fraction being calculated on the shredded bast plant material based on the total weight of cereal straw and shredded bast plant material containing bast plant fibers and optionally shives, and / or
the proportion of the binder, in particular the binder fiber, in the range of 2 to 25 wt .-%, preferably in the range of 5 to 20 wt .-% and particularly preferably in the range of 10 to 15 wt .-%, based on the Total weight of the fiber material produced, and / or that
the cereal straw has an average length, in particular absolute length, in the range of 5 mm to 250 mm, preferably in the range of 10 to 200 mm and particularly preferably in the range of 20 mm to 120 mm. Process for the production of fiber materials, in particular nonwoven mats or nonwoven fibrous plates, comprising A) provision of, in particular dry, cereal straw, in particular wheat straw, B) provision of at least one binder, in particular binder fiber, C) at least partial Längszerfasern and optionally also shortening at least one part, in particular the main amount, of the straw of cereals, D) optionally producing at least one layer of material from the grain straw according to C) in a feeding device, E) optionally adding the material layer and / or the cereal straw according to C) with at least one flame retardant and / or a water repellent and / or a biocide, F) mixing the comminuted cereal straw according to C) and / or D) or E) with the at least one binder according to B), in particular the at least one binder fiber, in particular in the air stream, G) activation of the binder, in particular treatment with heat for the purpose of thermobonding of the binder, in particular of the binder fibers, and if appropriate simultaneous or temporally offset loading of the fiber mixture with pressure, H) optionally calendering the fiber mixture obtained according to step G), and I) separating the solidified fiber mixture into fiber materials, in particular nonwoven mats or nonwoven fiber plates. A method according to claim 11, characterized in that
the at least partially longitudinally fiberized and in particular also shortened cereal straw according to step C) has an average length, in particular absolute length, in the range from 20 mm to 100 mm and preferably in the range from 30 mm to 85 mm. Method according to one of claims 1 to 8 or 11 or 12, characterized in that
the straw of cereals, in particular wheat straw, has a residual moisture in the range from 5 to 25% by weight, preferably in the range from 7 to 20% by weight and more preferably in the range from 10 to 15% by weight. Method according to one of claims 1 to 8 or 11, 12 or 13, characterized in that
the binder fibers are thermoplastic mono- or multicomponent fibers, especially bicomponent fibers. Fiber material, in particular nonwoven mat or non-woven fiber board, in particular obtainable according to the method of claim 11 or any one of claims 12 to 14, if and insofar as directly or indirectly related to claim 11, comprising or consisting of
langzerfasertem and in particular shortened cereal straw, in particular wheat straw, and at least one binder, in particular at least one binder fiber, and optionally a reduced amount of non-längszerfasertem grain straw and / or optionally at least one flame retardant and / or a hydrophobing agent and / or a biocide. Fiber material according to one of claims 9, 10 or 15, characterized in that it represents an MDF board, a building insulation mat for thermal and acoustic insulation, a substrate for hydroponic systems or a furniture component. Fiber material according to one of claims 9, 10, 15 or 16, characterized in that
this has a density in the range greater than or equal to 60 kg / m ³ , preferably greater than or equal to 100 kg / m ³ . Use of the fiber materials according to one of claims 9, 10, 15, 16 or 17 as or for the production of MDF boards, building insulation mats for thermal and acoustic insulation, substrates for hydroponic systems or furniture components.