DE19630828A1 - Compostable non-woven fabric for use as insulating material - Google Patents

Compostable non-woven fabric for use as insulating material

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Publication number
DE19630828A1
DE19630828A1 DE19630828A DE19630828A DE19630828A1 DE 19630828 A1 DE19630828 A1 DE 19630828A1 DE 19630828 A DE19630828 A DE 19630828A DE 19630828 A DE19630828 A DE 19630828A DE 19630828 A1 DE19630828 A1 DE 19630828A1
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DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
nonwoven fabric
fabric according
binder
fibers
flame retardant
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
DE19630828A
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German (de)
Inventor
Hans-Dieter Dr Naegerl
Klaus Prof Dr Sommer
Andreas Dipl Ing Wilking
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Chemische Fabrik Budenhiem KG
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Chemische Fabrik Budenhiem KG
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Application filed by Chemische Fabrik Budenhiem KG filed Critical Chemische Fabrik Budenhiem KG
Priority to DE19630828A priority Critical patent/DE19630828A1/en
Publication of DE19630828A1 publication Critical patent/DE19630828A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/58—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives
    • D04H1/587—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives characterised by the bonding agents used
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/425—Cellulose series
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4266—Natural fibres not provided for in group D04H1/425
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/58—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives
    • D04H1/60—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives the bonding agent being applied in dry state, e.g. thermo-activatable agents in solid or molten state, and heat being applied subsequently
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
    • D06M11/68—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with phosphorus or compounds thereof, e.g. with chlorophosphonic acid or salts thereof
    • D06M11/70—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with phosphorus or compounds thereof, e.g. with chlorophosphonic acid or salts thereof with oxides of phosphorus; with hypophosphorous, phosphorous or phosphoric acids or their salts
    • D06M11/71—Salts of phosphoric acids
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M13/322—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing nitrogen
    • D06M13/402—Amides imides, sulfamic acids
    • D06M13/432—Urea, thiourea or derivatives thereof, e.g. biurets; Urea-inclusion compounds; Dicyanamides; Carbodiimides; Guanidines, e.g. dicyandiamides
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M13/322—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing nitrogen
    • D06M13/44—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing nitrogen containing nitrogen and phosphorus
    • D06M13/453—Phosphates or phosphites containing nitrogen atoms
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M15/01—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with natural macromolecular compounds or derivatives thereof
    • D06M15/03—Polysaccharides or derivatives thereof
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M15/01—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with natural macromolecular compounds or derivatives thereof
    • D06M15/03—Polysaccharides or derivatives thereof
    • D06M15/05—Cellulose or derivatives thereof
    • D06M15/07—Cellulose esters
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M15/01—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with natural macromolecular compounds or derivatives thereof
    • D06M15/03—Polysaccharides or derivatives thereof
    • D06M15/05—Cellulose or derivatives thereof
    • D06M15/09—Cellulose ethers
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M15/01—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with natural macromolecular compounds or derivatives thereof
    • D06M15/03—Polysaccharides or derivatives thereof
    • D06M15/11—Starch or derivatives thereof
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • D06M15/37—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06M15/39—Aldehyde resins; Ketone resins; Polyacetals
    • D06M15/423—Amino-aldehyde resins
    • D06M15/43—Amino-aldehyde resins modified by phosphorus compounds
    • D06M15/433—Amino-aldehyde resins modified by phosphorus compounds by phosphoric acids
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • D06M15/37—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06M15/507—Polyesters
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)

Abstract

Non-woven fabric based on biodegradable fibres bonded together with a binder consisting of biodegradable polymer(s) with ester and/or ether linkages in the main structure.

Description

Phenolharzgebundene Textilvliese werden seit geraumer Zeit wegen ihrer guten Dämmeigen­ schaften im Automobilbau als Werkstoffe für verkleidende und tragende Teile verwendet. Aufgrund des Bestrebens, im Baubereich eine verbesserte Wärmedämmung zum Sparen von Energie zu erzielen, erlangen Textilvliese neben Glasfaservliesen zunehmende Bedeutung.Phenolic resin-bonded textile fleeces have been used for some time because of their good insulation properties used in automotive construction as materials for cladding and load-bearing parts. Due to the desire to improve thermal insulation in the construction sector to save To achieve energy, textile nonwovens are becoming increasingly important alongside glass fiber nonwovens.

Rohvliese lassen sich bekanntlich auf mechanischem Wege mittels Karden- und Krempelsätzen oder auf aerodynamischem sowie hydrodynamischem Weg nach dem Prinzip der Papierher­ stellung erzeugen. Nach dem Schmelzspinnprinzip und durch elektrostatische Spinnverfahren lassen sich Vliese nur aus Kunstfasern herstellen. Die Verfestigung der Rohvliese kann bekanntlich unterschiedlich durch mechanische, adhäsive oder kohäsive Verfestigungsverfahren erfolgen. So gibt es vernadelte, wasserstrahlverfestigte und fadengebundene Vliesstoffe (z. B. Maliwatt oder Malivlies). Adhäsive Vliesverfestigung erfolgt durch Verkleben der Fasern mit Hilfe chemischer Bindemittel, weswegen diese Methode auch als chemische Verfestigung bezeichnet wird. As is known, raw nonwovens can be mechanically produced by means of card and card sets or by aerodynamic and hydrodynamic methods based on the principle of paper create position. According to the melt spinning principle and by electrostatic spinning processes nonwovens can only be made from synthetic fibers. The raw fleeces can be consolidated As is well known, it differs by mechanical, adhesive or cohesive hardening processes respectively. There are needled, hydroentangled and thread-bound nonwovens (e.g. Maliwatt or Malivlies). Adhesive nonwoven bonding is done by gluing the fibers together Help with chemical binders, which is why this method is also used as chemical solidification referred to as.  

Die Bindemittel können als Dispersionen oder Lösungen durch Aufsprühen, Imprägnieren, Pflatschen oder Bedrucken auf dem Vlies aufgebracht werden. Das Bindemittel kann auch in Form niedrigschmelzender Pulver oder Bindefasern zugegeben werden. Beim Erwärmen schmelzen die Pulver oder Bindefasern an und bewirken beim Abkühlen die adhäsive Verbindung der Fasern. Bei der kohäsiven Verfestigung werden die Fasern, oft unter Druck, durch Anlösen der Faseroberfläche mittels geeigneter Lösungsmittel verbunden. Derartige Methoden sind alle bekannt.The binders can be dispersions or solutions by spraying, impregnation, Padding or printing can be applied to the fleece. The binder can also be in Form of low-melting powder or binding fibers can be added. When warming up melt the powder or binding fibers and cause the adhesive to cool down Connection of the fibers. In the case of cohesive consolidation, the fibers, often under pressure, by dissolving the fiber surface using suitable solvents. Such Methods are all known.

In neuerer Zeit bekommen Faservliese aus Naturfasern besondere Bedeutung, da Abfälle bei der Faservliesherstellung sowie gebrauchte, ausgebaute Dämmatten durch biologischen Abbau entsorgt werden können. Der Nachteil bekannter Faservliese besteht jedoch darin, daß diese nur teilweise biologisch abgebaut werden und daher eine Kompostierung nicht möglich ist.In recent times, nonwovens made from natural fibers have become particularly important because of waste the manufacture of nonwovens and used, expanded insulation mats through biodegradation can be disposed of. The disadvantage of known nonwovens, however, is that they are only partially biodegradable and therefore composting is not possible.

Die der Erfindung zugrundeliegende Aufgabe bestand somit darin, neue Faservliese insbesondere zur Verwendung als Dämmstoffe zu erzeugen, die kompostierbar sind, dennoch aber eine für die Verwendung ausreichende Festigkeit aufweisen. Erfindungsgemäß wird diese Aufgabe durch Faservlies auf der Basis biologisch abbaubarer Fasern und mit einem die Fasern miteinander verbindenden Bindemittel gelöst, die dadurch gekennzeichnet sind, daß sie als Bindemittel wenigstens ein biologisch abbaubares, im Grundgerüst Ester- und Etherbindungen enthaltendes Polymer enthalten.The object underlying the invention was therefore to create new nonwovens especially for use as insulation materials that are compostable, nevertheless but have sufficient strength for use. According to the invention Task with non-woven on the basis of biodegradable fibers and with one the fibers together binding binders, which are characterized in that they as Binder at least one biodegradable, ester and ether bonds in the basic structure containing polymer.

Als biologisch abbaubare Fasern kommen alle Naturfasern, wie Wolle, Baumwollabfälle, Flachs, Hanf, Jute, Ramie, Kenaf, Roselle und andere Fasern entsprechender Feinheit, in Betracht. Die Auswahl des Faserstoffes wird dabei letztlich von wirtschaftlichen Erwägungen getragen werden. Selbstverständlich soll der Erfindungsgedanke nicht ausschließen, daß in kleineren Anteilen noch andere, nicht biologisch abbaubare Fasern, wie Glasfasern, enthalten sein können, soweit diese die Entsorgung, insbesondere die Kompostierung nicht stören.All natural fibers such as wool, cotton waste, flax, Hemp, jute, ramie, kenaf, roselle and other fibers of appropriate fineness. The The choice of fiber is ultimately based on economic considerations will. Of course, the idea of the invention should not exclude that in smaller Proportions still other, non-biodegradable fibers, such as glass fibers, may be included can, as far as they do not interfere with disposal, especially composting.

Als Bindemittel kommen beispielsweise und bevorzugt Stärkeester, wie Stärkephosphate und Stärkesulfate, Stärkether, Celluloseester und Celluloseether, wie Cellulosediacetat in Betracht.Starch esters such as starch phosphates and, for example, are preferred as binders Starch sulfates, starch ethers, cellulose esters and cellulose ethers, such as cellulose diacetate.

Eine andere Gruppe bevorzugter Bindemittel für die Faservliese nach der Erfindung sind biologisch abbaubare synthetische oder natürliche aliphatische Polyester, wie Polylactid, Polyhydroxybutyrat, Copolymerisate der Milchsäure, Glycolsäure, Hydroxybuttersäure und/oder Hydroxyvaleriansäure mit ε-Caprolacton, sowie Lignin. Die Bindemittel können in der Form von Emulsionen, Pulver oder Fasern, die gegebenenfalls geeignete Weichmacher enthalten können, auf die Faser aufgebracht werden. Another group of preferred binders for the nonwoven fabrics according to the invention are biodegradable synthetic or natural aliphatic polyesters, such as polylactide, Polyhydroxybutyrate, copolymers of lactic acid, glycolic acid, hydroxybutyric acid and / or Hydroxyvaleric acid with ε-caprolactone and lignin. The binders can be in the form of Emulsions, powders or fibers, which may contain suitable plasticizers, be applied to the fiber.  

Die Bindemittel werden zweckmäßig in Mengen von 2 bis 30 Gew.-%, bezogen auf das fertige Faservlies, vorzugsweise in einer Menge von 5 bis 20 Gew.-%, der Rohfaser zugesetzt.The binders are advantageously used in amounts of 2 to 30% by weight, based on the finished product Nonwoven, preferably in an amount of 5 to 20 wt .-%, added to the raw fiber.

In vielen Anwendungsbereichen, wie im Baubereich, müssen Dämmstoffe mindestens der Brandklasse B2, wünschenswerterweise der Brandklasse B1, genügen. Naturfasern als solche erfüllen diese Anforderungen nicht.In many areas of application, such as in the construction sector, insulation materials must have at least the Fire class B2, desirably fire class B1, are sufficient. Natural fibers as such do not meet these requirements.

Es ist daher zweckmäßig, die erfindungsgemäßen Faservliese mit geeigneten Flammschutz­ mitteln auszurüsten. Diese Flammschutzmittel werden, wenn sie im Gemisch mit dem Bindemittel auf die Rohfaser aufgebracht werden, in feinverteilter Form zum Anhaften auf der Rohfaser gebracht, was ihre Wirkung als Flammschutzausrüstung erhöht, da keine Entmischung erfolgt, d. h. keine weniger flammgeschützten Bereiche des Faservlieses entstehen.It is therefore expedient to use the nonwovens according to the invention with suitable flame retardants to equip means. These flame retardants, when mixed with the Binders are applied to the raw fiber, in finely divided form for adhering to the Bring raw fiber, which increases their effectiveness as flame retardant equipment, since no segregation done, d. H. no less flame-retardant areas of the nonwoven are created.

Bevorzugte Flammschutzmittel für die Faservliesstoffe nach der vorliegenden Erfindung sind Phosphate, die in ihrem Basenrest Stickstoff enthalten. Dies sind beispielsweise Ammonium-, Melamin- und Guanidinsalze der Ortho-, Di- und Polyphosphorsäure sowie Gemische hiervon und Gemische mit Borverbindungen, wie Borsäure, Natrium-, Kalium- und Ammoniumboraten.Preferred flame retardants for the nonwoven fabrics of the present invention are Phosphates that contain nitrogen in their base residue. These are, for example, ammonium, Melamine and guanidine salts of ortho-, di- and polyphosphoric acid and mixtures thereof and mixtures with boron compounds such as boric acid, sodium, potassium and ammonium borates.

Andere Beispiele sind Diammoniumtetraborat oder Ammoniumpentaborat, Melaminborate, Melaminborphosphate, Guanidinborate und Ammonium- bzw. Guanidinsalze gemischter Borphosphorsäureester, wie sie etwa in der DE-A-42 19 711 beschrieben sind.Other examples are diammonium tetraborate or ammonium pentaborate, melamine borates, Melamine borophosphates, guanidine borates and ammonium or guanidine salts mixed Borophosphoric acid esters, such as are described in DE-A-42 19 711.

Die Flammschutzmittel werden günstigerweise in einer Menge von 5 bis 25 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise in einer Menge von 8 bis 15 Gew.-%, bezogen auf das Gewicht des fertigen Faservlieses, eingebracht.The flame retardants are advantageously in an amount of 5 to 25 wt .-%, preferably in an amount of 8 to 15 wt .-%, based on the weight of the finished Fleece, introduced.

Die Flammschutzmittel können zweckmäßig in Form wäßriger Lösungen zugegeben werden, wobei der pH-Wert dieser wäßrigen Lösungen möglichst 4,5 nicht unterschreiten sollte, um eine Hydrolyse und ein Brüchigwerden der Bastfasern zu vermeiden.The flame retardants can expediently be added in the form of aqueous solutions the pH of these aqueous solutions should not be less than 4.5, if possible to avoid hydrolysis and breakage of the bast fibers.

Die carbonisierende Wirkung der Mischungen kann durch Zusatz von Polyhydroxyverbindungen, wie Sorbit, Mannit, Pentaerythrit, Dipentaerythrit, Trimethylolmethan, Trimethylolethan oder Trimethylolpropan erhöht werden. Derartige Polyhydroxyverbindungen werden den Faservliesen zweckmäßig in einer Menge von 1 bis 10 Gew.-%, besonders in einer Menge von 2 bis 8 Gew.-% zugesetzt.The carbonizing effect of the mixtures can be increased by adding polyhydroxy compounds, such as sorbitol, mannitol, pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol, trimethylolmethane, trimethylolethane or Trimethylolpropane can be increased. Such polyhydroxy compounds become the nonwovens expedient in an amount of 1 to 10% by weight, particularly in an amount of 2 to 8% by weight added.

Bei Verwendung wäßriger oder lösemittelhaltiger Bindersysteme können die Flammschutz­ mischungen in gelöster oder dispergierter Form zusammen mit dem Bindemittel mit der Faser vereinigt werden, wie beispielsweise durch Tauchen oder Besprühen der Rohfasern. Bei Verwendung pulveriger Bindemittel können die Flammschutzgemische in fester Form zusammen mit den Bindemitteln aufgebracht werden. Dies kann durch Pudern oder durch Applizieren in der Mischkammer erfolgen. Auch ein Schaumeintrag ist denkbar. Selbstverständlich können das Bindemittel und das Flammschutzmittel auch nacheinander auf die Faser aufgebracht werden, wie beispielsweise durch Zugabe des Bindemittels in Pulverform und anschließendes Aufbringen des Flammschutzmittels in Form einer wäßrigen Lösung durch Tauchen oder Besprühen. Getrenntes Aufbringen ist aber aus ökonomischen Gründen unzweckmäßig, da ein zusätzlicher Arbeitsgang erforderlich ist.When using aqueous or solvent-based binder systems, the flame retardants mixtures in dissolved or dispersed form together with the binder with the fiber  are combined, such as by dipping or spraying the raw fibers. At Flame retardant mixtures can be combined in solid form using powdery binders be applied with the binders. This can be done by powdering or by applying in the mixing chamber. Foam entry is also conceivable. Of course you can the binder and the flame retardant are also applied successively to the fiber be, such as by adding the binder in powder form and then Applying the flame retardant in the form of an aqueous solution by dipping or Spray. Separate application is impractical for economic reasons, since a additional operation is required.

Faserförmige Bindemittel ermöglichen ein Pudern mit dem Flammschutzmittel sowie eine Applikation beim Mischen der Fasern oder ein Tauchen oder Besprühen mit Flammschutz­ mittellösungen oder -dispersionen. Bei hydrodynamischer Vlieslegung kann man die Flammschutzausrüstung mit wäßrigen Lösungen oder Dispersionen der Flammschutzmittel vornehmen.Fibrous binders allow powdering with the flame retardant and a Application when mixing the fibers or dipping or spraying with flame retardant medium solutions or dispersions. With hydrodynamic fleece laying you can Flame retardant equipment with aqueous solutions or dispersions of the flame retardants make.

Beispiel 1example 1

Ein auf einer Wirrvlieskrempel erzeugtes Vlies aus weitgehend entholzten Grünflachsfasern wurde mit einer pulverförmigen Mischung aus Polylactid, Ammoniumdiphosphat, Melaminborat und Mannit derart gepudert, daß das Vlies etwa 30 Gew.-% dieser Mischung enthielt. Das so erhaltene Rohvlies wurde dreimal dupliziert und zwischen zwei Lochplatten durch Heißluft von 150°C während 10 min erhitzt. Dabei schmolz das Polylactid und verband die Flachsfasern beim Abkühlen. Das so verfestigte Vlies erfüllte bei der Brennprüfung die Brandschutzklasse B2.A fleece made from largely deforested green flax fibers produced on a tangled nonwoven card was made with a powdery mixture of polylactide, ammonium diphosphate, melamine borate and powdered mannitol so that the nonwoven contained about 30% by weight of this mixture. That so The raw fleece obtained was duplicated three times and between two perforated plates by hot air from 150 ° C heated for 10 min. The polylactide melted and bonded the flax fibers together when cooling. The fleece thus consolidated fulfilled the fire protection class during the fire test B2.

Beispiel 2Example 2

Eine Fasermischung aus Flachsschwingwerg und weitgehend entholzten, geschnittenen Hanffasern im Gewichtsverhältnis von 5 : 2 wurde nach der Vlieserzeugung mittels einer Krempel mit einer Lösung besprüht, die 8 Gew.-% Stärkephosphat, 35 Gew.-% Ammonium­ phosphat und 5 Gew.-% Guanidinborat enthielt. Das Besprühen erfolgte derart, daß das Vlies etwa 50% dieser Mischung enthielt. Das Rohvlies wurde zweimal dupliziert, zwischen zwei Lochplatten auf die erwünschte Endstärke eingespannt und im Heißluftstrom von der Unterseite her erwärmt und getrocknet. Das so verfestigte Vlies erfüllte im Brenntest die Anforderungen der SS 4100. A mixture of fibers from flax rocker and largely deforested, cut Hemp fibers in a weight ratio of 5: 2 were made after the nonwoven production by means of a Carded with a solution sprayed, the 8 wt .-% starch phosphate, 35 wt .-% ammonium phosphate and 5 wt .-% guanidine borate contained. The spraying was carried out in such a way that the fleece contained about 50% of this mixture. The raw fleece was duplicated twice, between two Perforated plates clamped to the desired final thickness and in a hot air stream from the bottom warmed and dried here. The fleece thus solidified met the requirements in the fire test the SS 4100.  

Beispiel 3Example 3

Eine Fasermischung, die in gut aufgelöster geschnittener Form 80 Gew.-% Flachsfasern, 10 Gew.-% Kenaffasern und 10 Gew.-% Bindefasern eines Copolymerisats aus 90 Gew.-% Milchsäure und 10 Gew.-% ε-Caporlacton enthielt, wurde in einem Blattbildner durch hydrodynamische Vlieslegung aus einer wäßrigen Lösung von 12 Gew.-% Guanidinphosphat und 5 Gew.-% Ammoniumpentaborat zu einem Vlies gelegt. Nach Abtropfenlassen wurde das Vlies im Heißluftstrom getrocknet und thermisch gebunden.A fiber blend containing 80% by weight flax fibers in a well-resolved cut form, 10 % By weight of kenaf fibers and 10% by weight of binding fibers of a copolymer of 90% by weight Contained lactic acid and 10 wt .-% ε-caporlactone, was in a sheet former hydrodynamic fleece laying from an aqueous solution of 12 wt .-% guanidine phosphate and 5 wt .-% ammonium pentaborate to a fleece. After draining it was Fleece dried in a hot air stream and thermally bonded.

Beispiel 4Example 4

Eine Mischung aus 85 Gew.-% entholzten Grünflachsfasern und 15 Gew.-% eines Copolymeri­ sats aus 85 Gew.-% Milchsäure und 15 Gew.-% Glycolsäure wurde mit einer 15-gew.-%igen wäßrigen alkoholischen Lösung eines Phosphoresters aus Sorbit und Phosphopentoxid unter Neutralisierung mit Guanidin so imprägniert, daß das Fasermaterial 60 Gew.-% der Mischung aufnahm. Die Fasern wurden getrocknet und zu einem Vlies verlegt und mittels Heißluftbehand­ lung verfestigt.A mixture of 85% by weight de-wooded green flax fibers and 15% by weight of a copolymer sats from 85 wt .-% lactic acid and 15 wt .-% glycolic acid was with a 15 wt .-% aqueous alcoholic solution of a phosphorus ester of sorbitol and phosphopentoxide under Neutralization with guanidine so impregnated that the fiber material 60 wt .-% of the mixture recorded. The fibers were dried and laid into a fleece and treated with hot air lung solidified.

Beispiel 5Example 5

Ein Rohvlies aus einer Mischung von mechanisch entholzten Grünflachs- und Hanffasern im Verhältnis 1 : 1 wurde mit einem Schaum, bestehend aus Diammoniumdiphosphat, Guanidinborat und Phosphatstärke im Verhältnis 4 : 1 : 2, sowie einem Schaumstabilisator so beaufschlagt, daß die Menge an Flammschutzmittel 17%, bezogen auf das Rohvlies, ausmachte. Nach vollständigem Einsaugen des Schaumes wurde mittels eines Heißluftstromes getrocknet. Bei Kantenbeflammung erlosch die Flamme sofort nach Entfernen des Brenners. Die Probe zeigte kein Nachglimmen.A raw fleece made from a mixture of mechanically de-wooded green flax and hemp fibers in the Ratio 1: 1 was with a foam consisting of diammonium diphosphate, Guanidine borate and phosphate starch in a ratio of 4: 1: 2, as well as a foam stabilizer applies that the amount of flame retardant 17%, based on the raw fleece, mattered. After the foam had been completely sucked in, it was carried out by means of a hot air stream dried. In the case of edge flaming, the flame went out immediately after the burner was removed. The sample showed no afterglow.

Claims (11)

1. Faservlies auf der Basis biologisch abbaubarer Fasern und mit einem die Fasern miteinander verbindenden Bindemittel, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es als Bindemittel wenigstens ein biologisch abbaubares, im Grundgerüst Ester- und/oder Etherbindungen enthaltendes Polymer enthält.1. Nonwoven fabric on the basis of biodegradable fibers and with a binder that binds the fibers together, characterized in that it contains as a binder at least one biodegradable polymer containing ester and / or ether bonds in the basic structure. 2. Faservlies nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es als Bindemittel Stärke- oder Celluloseester und/oder -ether enthält.2. Nonwoven fabric according to claim 1, characterized in that it is starch or as a binder Contains cellulose esters and / or ethers. 3. Faservlies nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es als Bindemittel wenigstens einen synthetischen oder natürlichen aliphatischen Polyester, vorzugsweise Polylactid, Polyhydroxybutyrat, Copolymerisate der Milchsäure, Glycolsäure, Hydroxybuttersäure und/oder Hydroxyvaleriansäure mit ε-Caprolacton, oder Lignin, enthält.3. Nonwoven fabric according to claim 1, characterized in that it is used as a binder at least one synthetic or natural aliphatic polyester, preferably Polylactide, polyhydroxybutyrate, copolymers of lactic acid, glycolic acid, Hydroxybutyric acid and / or hydroxyvaleric acid with ε-caprolactone, or lignin, contains. 4. Faservlies nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es das Bindemittel in einer Menge von 2 bis 30, vorzugsweise 5 bis 20 Gew.-%, bezogen auf das Trockengewicht des fertigen Faservlieses, enthält.4. Nonwoven fabric according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it is Binder in an amount of 2 to 30, preferably 5 to 20 wt .-%, based on contains the dry weight of the finished nonwoven. 5. Faservlies nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es zusätzlich ein Flammschutzmittel enthält.5. Nonwoven fabric according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it additionally contains a flame retardant. 6. Faservlies nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es als Flammschutzmittel ein im Basenrest Stickstoff enthaltendes Phosphat, vorzugsweise Ammonium-, Melamin- und/oder Guanidinsalz der Ortho-, Di- und/oder Polyphosphorsäure, enthält.6. Nonwoven fabric according to claim 5, characterized in that it is a flame retardant in the base residue, nitrogen-containing phosphate, preferably ammonium, melamine and / or Guanidine salt of ortho-, di- and / or polyphosphoric acid contains. 7. Faservlies nach Anspruch 5 oder 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es das Flammschutz­ mittel in einer Menge von 5 bis 25, vorzugsweise 8 bis 15 Gew.-%, bezogen auf das Trockengewicht des fertigen Faservlieses, enthält.7. nonwoven fabric according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that it is the flame retardant medium in an amount of 5 to 25, preferably 8 to 15 wt .-%, based on the Contains dry weight of the finished nonwoven. 8. Faservlies nach Anspruch 6 oder 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es das Flammschutz­ mittel im Gemisch mit wenigstens einer Borverbindung enthält.8. nonwoven fabric according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that it is the flame retardant contains medium in a mixture with at least one boron compound. 9. Faservlies nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es zusätzlich wenigstens eine Polyhydroxyverbindung enthält. 9. nonwoven fabric according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that it additionally contains at least one polyhydroxy compound.   10. Faservlies nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es die Polyhydroxyver­ bindungen in einer Menge von 1 bis 10 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise von 2 bis 8 Gew.-%, enthält.10. Nonwoven fabric according to claim 9, characterized in that it is the polyhydroxy bonds in an amount of 1 to 10% by weight, preferably 2 to 8% by weight, contains. 11. Verwendung einer Faservlieses nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10 als Dämmstoff.11. Use of a nonwoven fabric according to one of claims 1 to 10 as an insulating material.
DE19630828A 1996-07-31 1996-07-31 Compostable non-woven fabric for use as insulating material Withdrawn DE19630828A1 (en)

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DE19929186A1 (en) * 1999-06-27 2000-12-28 Paul Fischer Radio telephone has partner search communications device for evaluating and deciding whether received partner signals corresp. to desired. specific signal pattern, triggering reaction
DE10124467A1 (en) * 2001-05-19 2002-12-05 Carsten Grobe Insulating material for building components, consists of lambs wool or at least 10wt% lambs wool, as well as other fibres
DE102006051001A1 (en) * 2006-10-26 2008-04-30 Wolfgang Zierhut Electrically conductive textile material to conduct static charge away is made in form of flat meshwork with plastic threads merged with each other at connecting places
FR2984372A1 (en) * 2011-12-19 2013-06-21 Fibres Rech Dev VEGETABLE WOOL FIBER TABLE, WHOSE MECHANICAL COHESION IS PROVIDED BY A THERMOPLASTIC POLYMER BINDER
EP2963167A1 (en) 2014-06-30 2016-01-06 NAPORO Klima Dämmstoff GmbH Method for the preparation of fibre non-woven mats, in particular insulating material mats, and fibre non-woven mats obtained by this method
FR3028277A1 (en) * 2014-11-12 2016-05-13 Johnny Thomas INTERIOR BIO-SOURCE MATERIAL, THERMAL AND PHONIC INSULATION
EP3461940A1 (en) 2017-09-29 2019-04-03 Daw Se Method for the manufacture of fibrous material and fibrous materials produced in accordance with the method and their use
EP3461609A1 (en) 2017-09-29 2019-04-03 Daw Se Method for the manufacture of fibrous material, fibrous materials obtainable according to this method and use of said fibrous materials

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Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19929186A1 (en) * 1999-06-27 2000-12-28 Paul Fischer Radio telephone has partner search communications device for evaluating and deciding whether received partner signals corresp. to desired. specific signal pattern, triggering reaction
DE10124467A1 (en) * 2001-05-19 2002-12-05 Carsten Grobe Insulating material for building components, consists of lambs wool or at least 10wt% lambs wool, as well as other fibres
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EP2963167A1 (en) 2014-06-30 2016-01-06 NAPORO Klima Dämmstoff GmbH Method for the preparation of fibre non-woven mats, in particular insulating material mats, and fibre non-woven mats obtained by this method
FR3028277A1 (en) * 2014-11-12 2016-05-13 Johnny Thomas INTERIOR BIO-SOURCE MATERIAL, THERMAL AND PHONIC INSULATION
EP3461940A1 (en) 2017-09-29 2019-04-03 Daw Se Method for the manufacture of fibrous material and fibrous materials produced in accordance with the method and their use
EP3461609A1 (en) 2017-09-29 2019-04-03 Daw Se Method for the manufacture of fibrous material, fibrous materials obtainable according to this method and use of said fibrous materials

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