EP0735452A2 - Circuit limiteur de courant - Google Patents

Circuit limiteur de courant Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0735452A2
EP0735452A2 EP96302063A EP96302063A EP0735452A2 EP 0735452 A2 EP0735452 A2 EP 0735452A2 EP 96302063 A EP96302063 A EP 96302063A EP 96302063 A EP96302063 A EP 96302063A EP 0735452 A2 EP0735452 A2 EP 0735452A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
current
transistor
output
voltage
differential pair
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP96302063A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0735452A3 (fr
Inventor
William Ernest Edwards
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
STMicroelectronics lnc USA
Original Assignee
STMicroelectronics lnc USA
SGS Thomson Microelectronics Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by STMicroelectronics lnc USA, SGS Thomson Microelectronics Inc filed Critical STMicroelectronics lnc USA
Publication of EP0735452A2 publication Critical patent/EP0735452A2/fr
Publication of EP0735452A3 publication Critical patent/EP0735452A3/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G05F3/00—Non-retroactive systems for regulating electric variables by using an uncontrolled element, or an uncontrolled combination of elements, such element or such combination having self-regulating properties
    • G05F3/02—Regulating voltage or current
    • G05F3/08—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable is dc
    • G05F3/10—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable is dc using uncontrolled devices with non-linear characteristics
    • G05F3/16—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable is dc using uncontrolled devices with non-linear characteristics being semiconductor devices
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G05F3/00—Non-retroactive systems for regulating electric variables by using an uncontrolled element, or an uncontrolled combination of elements, such element or such combination having self-regulating properties
    • G05F3/02—Regulating voltage or current
    • G05F3/08—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable is dc
    • G05F3/10—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable is dc using uncontrolled devices with non-linear characteristics
    • G05F3/16—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable is dc using uncontrolled devices with non-linear characteristics being semiconductor devices
    • G05F3/20—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable is dc using uncontrolled devices with non-linear characteristics being semiconductor devices using diode- transistor combinations
    • G05F3/26—Current mirrors
    • G05F3/267—Current mirrors using both bipolar and field-effect technology
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
    • G05F1/10—Regulating voltage or current
    • G05F1/46—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is dc
    • G05F1/56—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is dc using semiconductor devices in series with the load as final control devices
    • G05F1/575—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is dc using semiconductor devices in series with the load as final control devices characterised by the feedback circuit

Definitions

  • This invention relates to electronic circuits used to current-limit the outputs of power supplies and more specifically to circuits used to limit the output current of voltage regulators or other similar circuits.
  • Voltage regulators are designed to provide a constant voltage over a variety of load impedances. As the impedance of the load increases, the voltage regulator requires less output current to keep the load at a constant voltage. Conversely, as the impedance of the load decreases, more current is required to maintain the same constant voltage.
  • the problem addressed by this invention is encountered in voltage regulator circuits when the output current required to maintain a constant voltage is greater than the safe operating condition of the pass (output) transistors of the voltage regulator. Therefore, it is common for voltage regulator circuits to have over-current protection to limit the output current to a safe operating condition.
  • FIG. 1 shows the output of a voltage regulator with a over-current protection as is known in the prior art.
  • the circuit operates by error amplifier 10 receiving a reference voltage, V trk .
  • the reference voltage V trk is the desired output voltage of the voltage regulator circuit 8.
  • Error amplifier 10 drives the base of the pass transistor 14 proportional to the amount of current necessary to maintain the output, V out , of the voltage regulator at the V trk voltage. If V out begins to fall below V trk , the output of the error amplifier 10 rises which increases the base voltage of pass transistor 14 thereby driving more current into the V out node which raises the V out voltage.
  • the over-current protection circuit consists of current source 12 and transistor 16, and sense resistor 18.
  • Sense resistor 18 is typically a very low resistance resistor which can handle the large currents of the pass transistor 14. As the current through transistor 14 and resistor 18 increases, the voltage drop across sense resistor 18 increase. Therefore, the resistance of sense resistor can be selected so that transistor 16 turns on when the current through sense resistor 18 reaches an unsafe operating current for any component of the voltage regulator circuit 8. As the load current increases, the voltage drop across resister 18 causes transistor 16 to begin to conduct. The collector current of transistor 16 shunts away available base current for transistor 14 supplied by current source 12 thereby limiting the output current (the output current is the base current x the beta of the transistor, as is known in the art).
  • transistor 14 As output load increases, the base current for transistor 14 decreases.
  • the characteristics of current source 12, pass transistor 14, and transistor 16 can be selected to limit the maximum current transistor 14 can deliver to a load.
  • transistor 16 and resistor 18 limit the output current in transistor 14 during an over-current condition by controlling the base current to transistor 14.
  • the sense resistor 18 is required to detect the over-current condition. As current flows through the sense resistor 18, the resulting voltage drop can be problematic since power is dissipated in the chip since load regulation is deteriorated, and drop-out votlage is increased. Additionally, a sense resistor is undesirable since it requires a significant amount of area on an integrated circuit.
  • FIG 2 shows a second voltage regulator with a over-current protection as is also known in the prior art.
  • voltage regulator 40 has an error amplifier 10 for receiving a V trk voltage and a pass transistor 14. However, voltage regulator 40 does not have a sense resistor 18.
  • Voltage regulator 40 operates by error amplifier 10 driving pass transistor 14 in response to the difference in voltage between V trk and V out .
  • the lower the voltage V out is relative to V trk the higher the voltage on the gate, relative to the source, of pass transistor 14 and thus the more current driven through pass transistor 14.
  • the over-current protection circuit includes transistors 22, 24, 26, 28, 34, and 36, current source 30, and capacitor 32.
  • the gate of transistor 24 is connected to the output of error amplifier 10 and to the gate of pass transistor 14. Consequently, a current flows through transistor 24 which is proportional to the current through transistor 14. The proportion is determined by the ratio of the relative sizes of the two transistors, as is well known in the art.
  • the current through transistor 24 is mirrored by transistor 36 to 34.
  • Current source 30 provides a reference current which is mirrored by transistors 26 and 28 and, thus, transistor 28 acts as an active load to transistor 34.
  • Capacitor 32 acts as the compensation capacitor and may be necessary to avoid oscillations on this node.
  • Transistor 22 is controlled by the voltage drop across transistor 28 which is controlled by the current through transistor 34 since the gate of transistor 22 is connected to drain of transistors 28 and 34.
  • error amplifier 10 regulates the output voltage V out by controlling the current through transistor 14 by controlling the voltage on the gate of transistor 14.
  • the current through transistor 14 is scaled down and transmitted through transistor 24 since the gate of transistor 24 an 14 are connected together.
  • the current through transistor 24 is mirrored by transistor 36 and 34.
  • current source 30 provides a reference current which is mirrored by transistors 26 and 28. Therefore, transistor 28 acts like a load resistor to the drain of transistor 34.
  • transistor 14 is controlled by error amplifier 10.
  • the output current is high, the currents in transistors 24, 34, and 36 is high which creates a large voltage drop across transistor 28.
  • transistor 22 is driving the gate of transistor 14 to a high voltage thereby limiting the current flow through transistor 2.
  • the invention can be summarized as a current limiting circuit which is used to current-limit the output of a voltage regulator or other similar circuits.
  • the current limiting circuit uses two transistors (configured as a differential pair) combined with a fixed current source. One transistors of the differential pair is connected in series to the input of a current mirror. The output of the mirror is connected to the pass transistor of the voltage regulator.
  • the current limiting circuit limits the current available to a pass transistor of the voltage regulator.
  • Fig. 1 is a current limiting circuit which uses a sense resistor in a voltage regulator circuit, as known in the prior art.
  • Fig. 2 is a current limiting circuit in a voltage regulator as known in the prior art.
  • Fig. 3 is the embodiment current limiting circuit in a voltage regulator.
  • the current limit circuit 50 has a 12.5 K resistor 52 which has a first end connected to Vcc and a second end connected to the base of bipolar transistor 60 and to the first end of 7.5 K resistor 54.
  • the second end of resistor 54 is connected to the collector and base of NPN bipolar transistor 56 and the base of NPN bipolar transistor 62.
  • the emitter of transistor 56 is connected to the first end of 20 K resistor 58.
  • the second end of resistor 58 is connected to a voltage reference, ground.
  • the collector of transistor 60 is connected to Vcc.
  • the emitter of transistor 60 is connected to an emitter of NPN bipolar transistor 68 and to the collector of transistor 62.
  • the emitter of transistor 62 is connected to the first end of 20 K resistor 64.
  • the second end of resistor 64 is connected to ground.
  • the collector of transistor 68 is connected to the drain and gate of P-channel transistor 66 and to the gate of P-channel transistor 80.
  • the sources of transistors 66 and 80 are connected to Vcc.
  • the pass transistor of the voltage regulator is constructed by connecting the drain of transistor 80 to the first end of 2.5 K resistor 82 and to the second end of 100 K resistor 76.
  • the second end of resistor 82 is connected to ground.
  • the error amplifier of the voltage regulator is constructed by connecting the first end of resistor 76 to the inverting input of amplifier 74 and to the second end of 100 picofarad capacitor 72.
  • the output of amplifier 74 is connected to the base of transistor 68 and to the first end of 200 K resistor 70.
  • the second end of resistor 70 is connected to the first end of capacitor 72.
  • the non-inverting input of amplifier 74 is connected to the first end of 100 K resistor 78.
  • the second end of resistor 78 receives the V trk voltage.
  • V trk is the input voltage which the voltage regulator will track.
  • the output of the voltage regulator, node 81 is formed by the connection of the second end of resistor 76 to the first end of resistor 82 and to the drain of transistor 80. Node 81 forms the output, V out , of the voltage regulator.
  • the error amplifier operates by receiving a V trk voltage at the second end of resistor 78.
  • Error amplifier 74 is configured as an integrator by using resistor 76 and capacitor 72, as is known in the art. The negative feedback for the error amplifier is received through resistor 76.
  • the output of error amplifier 74 is determined by the relative voltages of V trk to V out . As V out drops relative to V trk , the output of amplifier 74 increases. Conversely, as V out rises above V trk , the output of amplifier 74 decreases.
  • Current limit circuit 50 operates by using transistors 60 and 68 as a differential pair.
  • the base of transistor 60 is biased to a voltage defined by voltage divider created by resistor 52, resistor 54, transistor 56 and resistor 58.
  • the voltage at the base of transistor 60 is approximately 8.5 volts.
  • resistors 52, 54, and 58 and transistor 56 set a bias voltage for transistor 62.
  • transistor 62 operates as a fixed current source for the differential pair. Therefore, the fixed current flowing through transistor 62 will either be supplied by transistor 60 or transistor 68 or a combination of the two.
  • the output of amplifier 74 controls the current flowing through transistor 68 which in turn controls the current flow through transistor 66 and transistor 80. Consequently, the current through transistor 80 is limited to the constant current source current times the current mirror ratio created by transistors 66 and 80.
  • the maximum current through pass transistor 80 can be expressed by
  • This invention is advantageous over the prior art since it does not require a sense resistor which would require significant area on the integrated circuit or a compensation.
  • this embodiment provides a current fold-back feature without any additional components.
  • amp 74 increases its output to try to drive more current to the output. Instead, transistor 68 is driven into saturation and the voltage on the base of transistor 68 is passed onto the gates of transistors 66 and 88.
  • the effect of amplifier 74 driving transistor 68 harder to increase the output current beyond the maximum is to turn off transistors 66 and 80, thereby folding back the current output without any additional circuitry.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Continuous-Control Power Sources That Use Transistors (AREA)
  • Direct Current Feeding And Distribution (AREA)
EP96302063A 1995-03-28 1996-03-26 Circuit limiteur de courant Withdrawn EP0735452A3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US411498 1995-03-28
US08/411,498 US5570060A (en) 1995-03-28 1995-03-28 Circuit for limiting the current in a power transistor

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0735452A2 true EP0735452A2 (fr) 1996-10-02
EP0735452A3 EP0735452A3 (fr) 1997-02-05

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP96302063A Withdrawn EP0735452A3 (fr) 1995-03-28 1996-03-26 Circuit limiteur de courant

Country Status (3)

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US (2) US5570060A (fr)
EP (1) EP0735452A3 (fr)
JP (1) JPH08286774A (fr)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0943124A1 (fr) * 1997-09-22 1999-09-22 Atmel Corporation Circuit de polarisation a grande impedance pour amplificateurs de signaux de courant alternatif
EP0977105A1 (fr) * 1998-07-31 2000-02-02 Motorola, Inc. Régulateur avec fonction de limitation de courant et méthode
EP0987615A1 (fr) * 1998-09-16 2000-03-22 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Circuit de puissance avec limiteur de courant d'appel, et circuit intégré avec ce circuit de puissance
EP1280032A1 (fr) * 2001-07-26 2003-01-29 Alcatel Régulateur de tension à faible tension de déchet
CN103616917A (zh) * 2013-11-26 2014-03-05 苏州贝克微电子有限公司 一种静态电流降低的低压差稳压器

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FR2750514A1 (fr) * 1996-06-26 1998-01-02 Philips Electronics Nv Dispositif de regulation de tension a faible dissipation interne d'energie
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AU7243296A (en) * 1996-09-23 1998-04-14 Eldec Corporation Solid-state high voltage linear regulator circuit
US6066979A (en) * 1996-09-23 2000-05-23 Eldec Corporation Solid-state high voltage linear regulator circuit
JP4183049B2 (ja) * 1996-09-26 2008-11-19 エヌエックスピー ビー ヴィ 付加的な並列ｄｃ電流シンキング分岐を有する電流分配回路
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CN1193283C (zh) 2001-01-02 2005-03-16 深圳赛意法微电子有限公司 稳压器和限制稳压器输出电流的方法
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GB2384632B (en) * 2002-01-25 2005-11-16 Zetex Plc Current limiting protection circuit
US7173405B2 (en) * 2003-07-10 2007-02-06 Atmel Corporation Method and apparatus for current limitation in voltage regulators with improved circuitry for providing a control voltage
ITTO20030533A1 (it) * 2003-07-10 2005-01-11 Atmel Corp Procedimento e circuito per la limitazione di corrente in
US6977491B1 (en) 2003-10-06 2005-12-20 National Semiconductor Corporation Current limiting voltage regulation circuit
US7541796B2 (en) * 2005-07-06 2009-06-02 Micrel, Incorporated MOSFET triggered current boosting technique for power devices
US20080030177A1 (en) * 2006-08-01 2008-02-07 Hung-I Chen Soft-start circuit of linear voltage regulator and method thereof
US7672107B2 (en) * 2006-10-13 2010-03-02 Advanced Analogic Technologies, Inc. Current limit control with current limit detector
US7532448B2 (en) * 2006-10-13 2009-05-12 Advanced Analogic Technologies, Inc. Current limit detector
US7957116B2 (en) 2006-10-13 2011-06-07 Advanced Analogic Technologies, Inc. System and method for detection of multiple current limits
US7576525B2 (en) * 2006-10-21 2009-08-18 Advanced Analogic Technologies, Inc. Supply power control with soft start
US7675278B2 (en) * 2007-09-28 2010-03-09 Micrel, Inc. Power distribution current limiting switch including a current limit blanking period providing a burst of current
US7652524B2 (en) * 2008-01-23 2010-01-26 Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. Voltage source for gate oxide protection
US7957709B1 (en) * 2008-03-05 2011-06-07 Triquint Semiconductor, Inc. Beta correction block
TWI594656B (zh) * 2012-06-27 2017-08-01 登豐微電子股份有限公司 線性電流調整器
CN103547009B (zh) * 2012-07-09 2016-09-14 登丰微电子股份有限公司 线性电流调整器
KR101409736B1 (ko) * 2012-09-05 2014-06-20 주식회사 실리콘웍스 제어된 스타트 업이 가능한 로우 드랍아웃 회로 및 그 제어 방법
US9595947B2 (en) 2014-09-30 2017-03-14 Stmicroelectronics S.R.L. Driver device for transistors, and corresponding integrated circuit
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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0943124A1 (fr) * 1997-09-22 1999-09-22 Atmel Corporation Circuit de polarisation a grande impedance pour amplificateurs de signaux de courant alternatif
EP0943124A4 (fr) * 1997-09-22 2001-01-31 Atmel Corp Circuit de polarisation a grande impedance pour amplificateurs de signaux de courant alternatif
EP0977105A1 (fr) * 1998-07-31 2000-02-02 Motorola, Inc. Régulateur avec fonction de limitation de courant et méthode
EP0987615A1 (fr) * 1998-09-16 2000-03-22 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Circuit de puissance avec limiteur de courant d'appel, et circuit intégré avec ce circuit de puissance
US6150800A (en) * 1998-09-16 2000-11-21 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Power circuit including inrush current limiter, and integrated circuit including the power circuit
EP1280032A1 (fr) * 2001-07-26 2003-01-29 Alcatel Régulateur de tension à faible tension de déchet
CN103616917A (zh) * 2013-11-26 2014-03-05 苏州贝克微电子有限公司 一种静态电流降低的低压差稳压器

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0735452A3 (fr) 1997-02-05
US5955915A (en) 1999-09-21
US5570060A (en) 1996-10-29
JPH08286774A (ja) 1996-11-01

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