EP0731236A1 - Fastening device under floors for the supporting post of balustrades - Google Patents

Abstract

A guard rail support bar (4) is fixed under a slab (1) by a fixing section (14) under the slab. The section upper part (17) is applied under the slab lower surface (18) and fixed there by a screw (25). When the support bar is vertical the front end of the section is at the slab head (2). An end piece (15) which is mounted at the fixing section front end has a convex external surface (29). A shoe (16) having a concave base, complementary to the end piece convex surface, has an upper part (31) which fits into and fixes the support bar base. A bolt and washer (32,33) fix the shoe through its concave base against the end piece. In the case of an inclined support bar, particularly when a gutter must be placed in front of the slab head, the fixing section is positioned so that its front end, and consequently the end piece, are located in front of the slab head.

Description

The present invention relates to a device for fixing under a slab, for a railing support bar, in particular for a balcony railing.

Balcony railings generally include support bars, which support a handrail as well as a filling or a railing, the base of each support bar being fixed to the balcony slab. Usually, the base of each support bar is placed and fixed on the upper surface of the balcony slab, a short distance from the front edge of the slab, called "slab nose". This traditional method of fixing has certain drawbacks, in particular: the means of fixing the support bars are very exposed to the weather, their presence on the upper surface of the slab can represent an annoying obstacle, and they weaken the region of the slab nose. .

To avoid these drawbacks, under-slab fixing devices for railing support bars have already been proposed. By transferring the fixing of the support bar to the underside of the slab, a fixing is produced which is better protected from humidity, while completely freeing the upper surface of the slab. In addition, the means for fixing the support bars can be placed at a greater distance from the slab nose, thus avoiding the embrittlement of this part, which is advantageous in particular in the case of the renovation of old buildings.

• Comme il ressort de ce qui précède, sa mise en oeuvre nécessite des barreaux-supports de configuration spéciale, notamment à leur base.
• Les dispositifs de fixation à étrier ne permettent pas un réglage multidirectionnel, alors que celui-ci apparaît indispensable pour compenser les défauts géométriques de la dalle.
• La présence d'un double dispositif de fixation à étrier rend l'ensemble assez compliqué et coûteux, et l'un des dispositifs à étrier reste obligatoirement assez proche du nez de dalle.
• Toutes les opérations manuelles de fixation doivent être réalisées par le dessous de la dalle, ce qui est peu commode.
• Les moyens de fixation sous dalle, notamment les étriers et les vis associées, ne sont ni dissimulés, ni protégés.

A particular embodiment of a sub-slab fixing device for a railing support bar is described in the German patent application DE-A-3702128. In this known embodiment, the base of the support bar comprises a bent part at a right angle, therefore substantially horizontal, extending under the balcony slab. This horizontal part is fixed under the slab by means of two stirrup devices. The device of Document DE-A-3702128 thus has various drawbacks or inadequacies:

• As is clear from the above, its implementation requires special configuration support bars, in particular at their base.
• The stirrup fixing devices do not allow a multidirectional adjustment, whereas this appears essential to compensate for the geometric defects of the slab.
• The presence of a double stirrup fixing device makes the assembly quite complicated and expensive, and one of the stirrup devices necessarily remains close enough to the slab nose.
• All manual fixing operations must be carried out from below the slab, which is inconvenient.
• The means of fixing under the slab, in particular the stirrups and the associated screws, are neither concealed nor protected.

Another device for fixing under a slab is known from German patent application DE-A-4324602. This device uses a particular horizontal piece which is applied, and fixed by screws, under the underside of the balcony slab. At the front of this part is provided a vertical element on which fits, without possibility of adjustment, the base of the railing support bar. The angular adjustment is carried out by means of a small mobile shim placed on the horizontal part. This part is therefore not applied, by a large continuous surface, against the underside of the slab. Thus, the adjustment device of document DE-A-4324602 does not allow the compression load to be distributed over an appreciable continuous surface on the concrete, which results in instability of the railing when the support bar is stressed. We will also note that, in this document, the positioning of the adjustment shim appears difficult.

Yet another device for fixing under a slab is described in the German utility model DE-U-9419270. This fixing device comprises a substantially horizontal tubular profile, fixed by means of a screw under the underside of the slab. However, this profile is not directly applied against the underside of the slab. The screw fixing under the slab is carried out with the interposition of a cylindrical shim, allowing angular adjustment. Given the small distance between the screw and the end of the cylindrical shim, the fixing pin is highly stressed. This is a major drawback, since the fixing is carried out in a "stretched" area of the concrete of the slab.

The present invention aims to eliminate all these drawbacks, by providing an improved sub-slab fixing device, which while retaining a simple and economical structure allows adjustments in all directions, this in a convenient manner with access from above the slab. , and also allows an optimization of the mechanical connection and of the transmission of forces, between the components of the fixing device under the slab and the slab itself.

• un profilé de fixation sous dalle, sensiblement horizontal, dont la partie supérieure est appliquée sous la face inférieure de la dalle et y est fixée au moyen d'au moins une vis ou similaire, l'extrémité avant du profilé étant située sensiblement au niveau du nez de dalle,
• une pièce terminale montée à l'extrémité avant du profilé de fixation sous dalle, la pièce terminale possédant une surface extérieure convexe, notamment sphérique,
• un sabot possédant une embase concave, complémentaire de la surface convexe de la pièce terminale précitée, et une partie supérieure prévue pour l'emboîtement et la fixation de la base du barreau-support, et
• des moyens de fixation du sabot, par son embase concave, contre la surface extérieure convexe de ladite pièce terminale, dans une position relative correspondant à la position désirée du barreau-support.

To this end, the subject of the invention is a device for fixing under a slab for a railing support bar, which essentially comprises:

• a substantially horizontal sub-slab fixing profile, the upper part of which is applied under the lower face of the slab and is fixed thereto by means of at least one screw or the like, the front end of the profile being situated substantially at the level of the slab nose,
• an end piece mounted at the front end of the fixing profile under the slab, the end piece having a convex outer surface, in particular spherical,
• a shoe having a concave base, complementary to the convex surface of the abovementioned end piece, and an upper part provided for fitting and fixing the base of the support bar, and
• means for fixing the shoe, by its concave base, against the convex outer surface of said end piece, in a relative position corresponding to the desired position of the support bar.

Thus, the invention provides a device for fixing under a slab, which requires a minimum number of components, while allowing adjustment in all directions by the cooperation of two complementary surfaces, spherical or the like, making it possible to compensate for the geometric defects of the slab. and always place the support bar in the desired orientation. In this regard, it will be noted that the fixing device under the slab, object of the invention, makes it possible to place the support bar not only in a vertical position, but also in an inclined position which may be necessary in certain cases, in particular when a gutter must be placed in front of the slab nose.

In the latter case, the sub-slab fixing profile is positioned in such a way that its front end, and consequently the end piece with a convex outer surface, are located in front of the slab nose, which saves the space necessary for the gutter. On the contrary, in the simplest case of a support bar to be fixed vertically, the fixing profile under the slab is positioned so that its front end, and therefore the end piece with convex external surface, are located practically at right of the slab nose.

Given the configuration of this under-slab fixing device, in particular of its shoe, it can be used with existing support bars, in particular support bars constituted by a simple straight profile, the upper part of the shoe comprising a housing open upwards, receiving the base of the support bar.

The position provided for the adjustment means makes it possible to directly apply the fixing profile under the slab against the underside of the slab, without the interposition of any shims, which provides a large contact surface on which the forces are distributed. This can in particular be obtained by providing, according to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, that the fixing profile under the slab has a flat upper face, pressing against the lower face of the slab. It is for example a tubular profile having a generally semi-circular section. This profile may include a relatively massive internal part, intended to be pierced vertically at the location of the or each screw for fixing to the slab. To allow access to this screw, the sub-slab fixing profile may also have, in the lower region of its outer wall, a cut made in correspondence with the location of the fixing screw, this cut being able to be closed. by fitting a cover.

While offering a large contact surface with the underside of the slab, such an under-slab fixing profile has only a limited height, which makes its presence discreet, and its means of fixing to the slab are entirely concealed. and protected, while remaining accessible after removing the cover. The semi-circular section of this tubular profile gives it great rigidity.

According to another characteristic, the means for fixing the shoe against the end piece consist of a single fixing screw, passing through said end piece and tightened in a longitudinal channel of the fixing profile under the slab, formed in the relatively massive internal part of this streamlined. Preferably, the concave base of the shoe has, in its middle, a buttonhole opening for the positioning of the shoe on the fixing screw already in place. The base of the shoe still advantageously has, in its front part, an opening allowing access to the fixing screw, the opening in question being able to be closed by the installation of a cover. Thus, the shoe fixing screw is pre-mounted, and the positioning of this shoe, followed by its adjustment and its blocking in the adjusted position, is easily carried out from above the slab. It will also be noted that the adjustment in all directions is carried out at a single point. Once the shoe has been adjusted and tightened, the installation of the cover conceals and protects the fixing screw, while leaving it accessible after removing the cover.

Overall, we therefore obtain a fixing device under a slab without visible screws, the mounting of which is nevertheless particularly easy.

• Figure 1 est une vue d'ensemble, de côté, d'un dispositif de fixation sous dalle conforme à l'invention pour un barreau-support vertical ;
• Figure 2 est une vue d'ensemble similaire à figure 1, mais illustrant l'application du dispositif de fixation sous dalle selon l'invention à un barreau-support incliné ;
• Figure 3 est une vue de détail, en coupe verticale, de ce dispositif de fixation sous dalle ;
• Figure 4 est une vue en coupe suivant IV-IV de figure 3, montrant la section du profilé de fixation sous dalle au droit de la vis de fixation ;
• Figure 5 est une vue en coupe similaire à figure 4, représentant la section courante du profilé de fixation sous dalle ;
• Figure 6 représente le sabot, vu de face du côté de sa surface concave.

In any case, the invention will be better understood with the aid of the description which follows, with reference to the appended schematic drawing representing, by way of example, an embodiment of this under-slab fixing device for support bars of railings:

• Figure 1 is an overall side view of a sub-slab fixing device according to the invention for a vertical support bar;
• Figure 2 is an overall view similar to Figure 1, but illustrating the application of the fixing device under slab according to the invention to an inclined support bar;
• Figure 3 is a detail view, in vertical section, of this fixing device under the slab;
• Figure 4 is a sectional view along IV-IV of Figure 3, showing the section of the fixing profile under the slab to the right of the fixing screw;
• Figure 5 is a sectional view similar to Figure 4, showing the current section of the fixing profile under the slab;
• Figure 6 shows the hoof, seen from the front from the side of its concave surface.

Figure 1 shows, in cross section, a balcony slab 1 whose front edge 2 forms the "slab nose". The balcony slab 1 receives a railing, generally designated by the reference 3, which comprises rectilinear support bars 4 arranged at intervals, the summits of which support a handrail 5. The railing 3 also comprises a filling 6, mounted between an upper rail 7 and a lower rail 8 which are both fixed to the support bars 4 by appropriate connecting pieces, respectively 9 and 10. In a well known manner, the bars -supports 4, the handrail 5 and the rails 7 and 8 are formed by aluminum alloy profiles. In the particular case of FIG. 1, the support bars 4 are fixed vertically, and situated just in front of the filling 6, itself placed in the vertical plane passing through the slab nose 2. Each support bar 4 is fixed under the slab 1, by means of a sub-slab fixing device designated as a whole by 11 and described in detail below, the base of this support bar 4 thus being located just in front of the slab nose 2.

As illustrated in FIG. 2, the same fixing device under the slab 11 also applies to a support bar 4 slightly inclined on the vertical, the base of the support bar 4 being offset to the front so as to allow the fixing of a gutter 12 against the slab nose 2. In the latter case, the filling 6 of the railing remains located in a vertical plane passing through the nose slab 2, the bottom rail 8 of this filling 6 being connected to each support bar 4 by a substantially horizontal connecting rod 13.

Referring to Figures 3 and following, we now describe the detail of the fixing device under the slab 11. The device 11 mainly consists of a fixing profile under the slab 14, an end piece 15 mounted in front of the profile 14 and a shoe 16 fixed against the end piece 15 and receiving the base of the support bar 4.

The fixing profile under the slab 14 is a tubular profile, of symmetrical section having a generally semi-circular shape, its large flat face 17 being applied under the lower face 18 of the slab 1. This profile 14 has internal longitudinal partitions 19, dividing it internally into two lateral chambers 20 and 21, and an intermediate chamber 22, the latter having a substantially square section - see FIGS. 4 and 5. The profile 14 also has a relatively massive internal part 23, pierced longitudinally with a channel 24 of circular section.

The profile 14 is fixed under the slab 1 by means of a vertical screw 25, located at a predetermined distance D from the slab nose 2. At the location of the fixing screw 25, the solid part 23 of the profile 14 is pierced perpendicular to the channel 24, as indicated at 26 (see FIGS. 3 and 4), so as to provide a vertical passage for the screw 25. In addition, to access the location of this screw 25, the lower region of the wall substantially semi-cylindrical 27 of the profile 14 is cut locally, as indicated at 28, forming a "window" through which the intermediate chamber 22 of the profile 14 opens outwards.

The end piece 15 has a convex outer surface 29, in particular in a spherical cap. This end piece 15 extends perpendicular to the longitudinal detection of the profile 14. It is fixed against the front end of this profile 14.

The shoe 16, clearly visible in FIGS. 3 and 6, has a concave base 30, in particular in a spherical crown, complementary to the external surface 29 of the end piece 15. The upper part of the shoe 16 forms a housing 31 open upwards, receiving the base of the support bar 4 which is immobilized therein by means of a blocking wedge device known per se (not shown).

The concave base 30 of the shoe 16 has, in its middle, a buttonhole opening 32 intended to be crossed by a fixing screw 33, which also passes through the end piece 15 and which is introduced and tightened in the channel 24 of the profile 14 In its front part, the base 30 of the shoe 16 has a rectangular opening 34, allowing access to the head of the fixing screw 33.

The mounting and adjustment of the fixing device under the slab 11, described above, is carried out as follows:

The profile 14 is fixed under the slab 1 by means of the screw 25. In the case of a vertical support bar 4 (FIGS. 1 and 3), the front end of the fixing profile under the slab 14 is positioned practically at right of the slab nose 2. In the case of an inclined support bar 4 (FIG. 2), the front end of the profile 14 is, on the contrary, positioned in front of the slab nose 2. This front end of the profile 14 receives in all cases the end piece 15, which is fixed to it by means of screws (not shown) inserted and tightened in two internal grooves 35 and 36 of the profile 14 - see Figures 4 and 5.

The shoe 16 is applied, by its concave base 30, against the convex external surface 29 of the end piece 15. The tightening of the screw 33 fixes the shoe 16 against the end piece 15 in the desired relative position, allowing adjustment according to all directions of space. In particular, the shoe 16 can thus be positioned and immobilized in a position placing the support bar 4 in a vertical position (Figures 1 and 3), or in a position placing the support bar 4 in an inclined position (Figure 2).

It will be noted that, the fixing screw 33 being placed in advance, without being fully tightened, the shoe 16 is engaged by its buttonhole opening 32 on this screw 33 already in place, which facilitates its installation as well as subsequent tightening of said screw 33. The mounting and adjusting operations of the shoe 16 are thus conveniently carried out by a person taking place on the slab 1.

The mounting and adjustment can be followed by the installation of covers 37, 38 and 39, which respectively close the window 28 of the fixing profile under the slab 14, the access opening 34 of the shoe 16 and the rear end. of the profile 14. The two fixing screws 25 and 33 are thus made invisible, both for safety reasons and for the purpose of protection against humidity, while contributing to the aesthetics of the fixing device under the slab 11.

As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the fixing profile under slab 14 has, between the fixing screw 25 to the slab 1 and its rear end closed by the cover 39, a length L which can be relatively large. The length L is determined according to the requirements prescribed by the standards in force in the country concerned, and by the strength constraints of the fixing device, in particular the characteristics of the dowel 40, embedded in the slab 1, which receives the fixing screw 25. In particular, an elongation of the length L, therefore of the distance between the screw 25 and the rear end of the profile 14, makes it possible to reduce , by an easily understandable lever arm effect, the forces exerted on the screw 25 and / or on the ankle 40, under the action of the weight of the railing 3 and the external forces transmitted by this railing.

This fixing device under slab 11 is applicable to new constructions and to renovation works. It relates not only to the balcony slabs, which are substantially horizontal, but also to the stair climbs with fixing under an inclined surface, the spherical configuration of the end piece 15 and of the shoe 16 making it possible, in all cases of application, to fix the support bar 4 in a vertical or substantially vertical position. Of course, this sub-slab fixing device 11 is applicable, without modification, not only to a filling railing 6 as described but also to a railing with bars. In addition, one would not depart from the scope of the invention by providing, in cases where this proves necessary, two screws for fixing the profile under the slab, instead of a single screw, or replacing this fixing screw by any equivalent means, such as a threaded rod passing right through the slab, over its entire thickness.

Claims (12)

Under-slab fixing device for railing support bar, in particular for balcony railing, characterized in that it comprises: - A substantially horizontal mounting profile under the slab (14), the upper part (17) of which is applied under the lower face (18) of the slab (1) and is fixed to it by means of at least one screw (25 ) or similar, the front end of the profile (14) being situated substantially at the level of the slab nose (2), a terminal part (15) mounted at the front end of the sub-slab fixing profile (14), the terminal part (15) having a convex external surface (29), in particular spherical, - a shoe (16) having a concave base (30), complementary to the convex surface (29) of the abovementioned end piece (15), and an upper part (31) provided for fitting and fixing the base of the support bar (4), and - fixing means (32,33) of the shoe (16), by its concave base (30), against the convex external surface (29) of said end piece (15), in a relative position corresponding to the desired position of the support bar (4). Under-slab fixing device for railing support bar according to claim 1, characterized in that, in the case of a support bar (4) to be fixed vertically, the under-slab fixing profile (14) is positioned so that its front end, and consequently the end piece (15) with a convex surface (29), are situated practically at the level of the slab nose (2). Under-slab fixing device for railing support bar according to claim 1, characterized in that, in the case of a support bar (4) to be fixed in an inclined position, in particular when a gutter (12) is to be placed in front of the slab nose (2), the sub-slab fixing profile (14) is positioned in such a way that its front end, and therefore the end piece (15) with a convex surface (29), are located in front of the slab nose (2), to provide the space necessary for the gutter (12). Under-slab fixing device for railing support bar according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the under-slab fixing profile (14) has, between its fixing screw (25) to the slab (1) and its rear end (39), a length (L) which can be relatively large, adapted to the requirements of fixing by screws (25, 40). Under-slab fixing device for railing support bar according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the under-slab fixing profile (14) has a flat upper face (17) which is applied against the underside (18) of the slab (1). Under-slab fixing device for railing support bar according to claim 5, characterized in that the under-slab fixing profile (14) is a tubular profile having a generally semi-circular cross-section. Under-slab fixing device for railing support bar according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the under-slab fixing profile (14) has a relatively massive internal part (23), intended to be drilled vertically (in 26) at the location of the or each fixing screw (25) to the slab (1). Under-slab fixing device for railing support bar according to claim 7, characterized in that the under-slab fixing profile (14) has, in the lower region of its outer wall (27), a cutout (28) performed in correspondence with the location of the fixing screw (25), this cutout (28) being able to be closed by fitting a cover (37). Under-slab fixing device for railing support bar according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the means for fixing the shoe (16) against the end piece (15) consist of a fixing screw (33) single, passing through said end piece (15) and clamped in a longitudinal channel (24) of the sub-slab fixing profile (14), formed in the relatively massive internal part (23) of this profile (14). Under-slab fixing device for railing support bar according to claim 9, characterized in that the concave base (30) of the shoe (16) has, in its middle, a buttonhole opening (32) for placing in place of the shoe (16) on the fixing screw (33). Under-slab fixing device for railing support bar according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the base (30) of the shoe (16) has, in its front part, an opening (34) allowing the access to the fixing screw (33), the opening (34) being able to be closed by the installation of a cover (38). Under-slab fixing device for railing support bar according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the upper part of the shoe (16) comprises a housing (31) open upwards, receiving the base of the support bar (4).

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