EP0716404A1 - Méthode pour la transmission en série de valeurs de mesure numérique - Google Patents

Méthode pour la transmission en série de valeurs de mesure numérique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0716404A1
EP0716404A1 EP95118878A EP95118878A EP0716404A1 EP 0716404 A1 EP0716404 A1 EP 0716404A1 EP 95118878 A EP95118878 A EP 95118878A EP 95118878 A EP95118878 A EP 95118878A EP 0716404 A1 EP0716404 A1 EP 0716404A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
value
transmitted
values
transmitter
wire line
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EP95118878A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0716404B1 (fr
Inventor
Walter Dr. Mehnert
Thomas Dr. Theil
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08C—TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS FOR MEASURED VALUES, CONTROL OR SIMILAR SIGNALS
    • G08C19/00—Electric signal transmission systems
    • G08C19/16—Electric signal transmission systems in which transmission is by pulses
    • G08C19/28—Electric signal transmission systems in which transmission is by pulses using pulse code

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method of the type mentioned in the preamble of claim 1.
  • Such methods are used, for example, when measured values are to be continuously transmitted from a peripherally arranged sensor to a central evaluation and processing unit acting as a user.
  • the problem arises that the transmission rate drops proportionally to the accuracy or resolution with which the measured values are obtained and transmitted, since high accuracy or high resolution require a large number of bits per measured value.
  • the invention has for its object to develop a method of the type mentioned in such a way that the inherent advantage of the small number of transmission lines is retained and at the same time a transmission rate is achieved which is not only comparable to the transmission rates of the parallel transmission methods, but even surpasses them.
  • the method according to the invention is based on sensor systems which continuously deliver measured values at a time interval specified by the sensor system, which are obtained either only as absolute values or both as absolute values and as incremental change values.
  • transmission values are formed, which are assigned to two categories with regard to their information content.
  • the transmission values of the first category are sent as absolute values, i.e. All bits representing the respectively associated absolute measured value are gradually fed into the transmission line on the transmitter side using a suitable modulation method and are combined on the receiver side, taking into account the significance of each of these bits, to form a received measured value, which is both temporarily stored and is further processed.
  • the transmission values of the second category are always formed by only one sign bit and one value bit in such a way that they each represent the incremental change value with respect to the previous measured value.
  • the latter can be used directly as transmission values of the second category. If the sensor system only provides absolute values, the transmission values of the second category are obtained on the transmitter side by forming the difference between the successive absolute values.
  • a "virtual" absolute measurement value can be generated on the receiver side for each of the absolute measurement values subsequently generated by the sensor, of which only the incremental change value is transmitted, by adding the subsequent increments with correct sign, ie added with a positive sign and subtracted with a negative sign.
  • the increment with the value zero does not lead to any change in the virtual measured value formed on the receiver side.
  • the increments can thus be represented with the aid of two bits, for example by assigning bit sequence 01 to change -1, bit sequence 10 to change +1 and bit sequence 11 to "change” 0.
  • the likewise possible bit sequence 00 either remains unused, the appearance of which can be regarded as an indication that an error has occurred, or it is used, for example, to identify subsequent bits as protocol bits.
  • the maximum rate of change of the physical quantity measured by the sensor which occurs under all circumstances, specifies the lower limit value of the frequency with which the transmission values must be sent.
  • the time interval with which immediately successive measured values are generated by the sensor must be so small that the change in the physical quantity occurring in this period and therefore the difference between two successive measured values is less than / equal to the absolute value of the increment value.
  • the latter can be chosen to be variable in such a way that, for large rates of change, a greater difference is assigned to the increment value represented by one bit in each case than for small rates of change.
  • the upper limit frequency with which the transmission values are sent must be selected so high that, in addition to the bit pairs which represent the incremental values and the sign of the transmission values belonging to the second category, the "additional information" can also be transmitted the bits belong, which represent the transmission values of the first category and protocol data, with the aid of which the receiver can recognize which category the respective bit belongs to, which size is to be assigned to an incremental step at the respective time, and which
  • the transmitted words have a length in which bits of the first category, bits of the second category and protocol bits are contained in a predeterminable sequence and number.
  • German laid-open specification 42 24 225 describes evaluation electronics for a position transmitter, which determines the measured values with the aid of a control loop.
  • the measured value made available in digital form always hurries behind the actual (angle) position when it changes.
  • the circuit arrangement is designed such that when this change takes place at a constant speed, a correction value is formed to compensate for the drag error just mentioned and is added to the current measured value in such a way that the corrected measured value accurately reflects the current actual position.
  • the incremental values are derived from the uncorrected measurement values and the measurement values provided with the tracking error correction are assigned transmission values of the first category. This means that whenever there is a change in the following error correction value, a complete one Absolute value must be transferred. Because of the extraordinarily high inertia of mechanical systems, such as a rotating shaft, in comparison to the speed of electronic measuring and transmission methods, the amount of data that is obtained in such a case is without using the method according to the invention with a transmission frequency in the range from a few 100 kHz to a few MHz to cope with further.
  • transmission values of the first category are preferably sent again and again in predeterminable time intervals. This offers the receiver side the possibility of recognizing and correcting errors by comparing such a completely transmitted absolute value with the virtual measured value updated by it, and in most cases it can be determined on the basis of simple plausibility criteria whether a detected deviation originates from a fault, which occurred during the transfer of the absolute value or whether the updated value is incorrect. This also applies in the event that a deviation has occurred because the sensor was operated outside the defined limit values.
  • the log data can also be transmitted interleaved with the bits representing the incremental values in such a way that a seamless update of the virtual measured values is possible on the receiver side.
  • a particularly advantageous transmission method results if an adapted, twisted two-wire line is provided between the transmitter and the receiver, on which a standing alternating voltage wave is generated with the transmission frequency and fixed voltage amplitude defined according to the criteria explained above. Both the electrical energy required for this and the electrical energy required to supply the sensor and its electronics can be fed in from the receiver side.
  • the standing wave is current-modulated for information transmission, which can be done by opening and closing a quick controllable switch arrangement on the transmitter side. With two consecutive half-waves (one positive, one negative), four different states can then be created (first half-wave loaded or unloaded; second half-wave loaded or unloaded), of which only three are required, for example, to transfer an incremental value (with sign). The fourth state can then be used for error detection or to identify the subsequent data as log data.
  • the measured values to be transmitted occur at the transmitter end with an average repetition frequency of 1 MHz and a transmission frequency of 2 MHz is selected, the measured values can be virtually reproduced on the receiver side by the method according to the invention and are still available 50% of the time, to transmit "additional data" such as measured values of the first category and protocol information. Fluctuations in the frequency with which the measured values are supplied by the sensor play no role as long as they are not too large.
  • a twisted two-wire line is much easier to handle and far less susceptible to interference than twelve or more parallel lines on which a correspondingly large number of bits are to be transmitted simultaneously at high speed.
  • a preferred variant can also provide virtual measurement values on the transmitter side and constantly compare them with the absolute measured values obtained there. If a deviation is detected in this comparison, the transmitter can form corresponding correction increments and send them as transmission values of the second category.
  • a transmitter 1 in which data to be transmitted continuously is generated in digital form, and a receiver side 2, to which this data is to be transmitted for further processing, are indicated in a highly schematic manner.
  • the connection between transmitter 1 and receiver 2 forms a twisted 2-wire line 4.
  • This 2-wire line 4 serves on the one hand to transmit the electrical energy from the receiver side 2 to the transmitter 1, which is required to operate the circuit arrangements contained in the latter. At the same time, however, it also serves to transmit the data made available by the transmitter 1 to the user of this data arranged on the receiver side 2.
  • the terms “transmitter” and “receiver” thus refer to the direction of flow of those to be transmitted Measurement data, while electrical supply energy and, if desired, control commands are transmitted on the 2-wire line 4 in the opposite direction, ie from the receiver 2 to the transmitter 1.
  • this sensor can be a temperature sensor, a position detector such as act as an encoder, etc.
  • an electronic preparation and buffer circuit on the transmitter side, which processes the electrical signal supplied by the sensor and makes it available in digital form for transmission to the receiver side 2 or on demand.
  • Such a sensor and associated electronic circuits can be found, for example, in European laid-open specification 93 111 319.5. In the present context, this sensor, together with its complete electronics, is briefly referred to as "consumer”, which is represented in the figure by the block identified by reference number 6.
  • the receiver side 2 has evaluation electronics, also referred to in the present context as “user”, which further processes the data supplied by the transmitter 1, a power supply unit which provides the electrical energy required by the transmitter 1 in a suitable form, and further, includes circuit arrangements briefly explained below, but which are not shown in the figure, since their structure and their interconnection are self-evident for the expert.
  • the connecting terminals 8, 9 are connected to one winding 10 of a transformer 11, the other winding 12 of which is connected to the end of the 2-wire line 4 on the receiver side.
  • the terms "primary winding” and “secondary winding” were deliberately omitted here because the winding 10 forms the primary side with regard to the electrical supply energy to be transmitted, but forms the secondary side of the transmitter 11 with regard to the data to be transmitted from the transmitter to the receiver. The reverse applies correspondingly to the winding 12.
  • the windings 10, 12 of the transformer 11 are designed in such a way that the AC voltage fed in at the connections 8, 9 and used to supply the transmitter 1 is transformed downwards in order to avoid the losses on the 2-wire line 4 caused by high-frequency cross currents to keep small.
  • the transmitters 11, 15 perform further, essential and very advantageous tasks, which are explained in more detail below.
  • one side of the consumer 6 is directly connected to the connection 19, while its other side is connected to the connection 18 via a resistor 21, to which a faster controllable switch 22 is connected in parallel.
  • a further series circuit consisting of a resistor 24 and a fast controllable switch 25 is located above the connections 18, 19.
  • the control circuit which actuates the switches 22, 25 to carry out this modulation is contained in the consumer 6 and is not described here since its structure is readily familiar to the person skilled in the art.
  • the transmitters 11, 15 are, as already mentioned above, designed so that the voltage present between the two wires of the line 4 is significantly lower than the supply voltage required by the consumer 6.
  • the length of the line 4 is equal to ⁇ / 4 or an odd multiple thereof, if ⁇ is the wavelength of the AC voltage wave.
  • the frequency of the AC supply voltage fed in at the connections 8, 9 and the length of the line 4 are preferably matched to one another such that the latter is equal to a quarter ⁇ , because this results in the lowest possible frequency of the AC supply voltage.
  • the line 4 terminating the ideal power adjustment would be equal to its characteristic impedance ⁇ L. Since the transformer 15 increases this value by the square of its transmission ratio n, the resistance value n2 ⁇ ⁇ L must appear between the connections 18, 19 for an ideal power adjustment.
  • the switch 22 is opened, so that the consumer 6 forms a voltage divider with the resistor 21, which reduces the increased voltage appearing at the connections 18, 19 in such a way that the voltage at the consumer 6 remains unchanged compared to the first modulation state remains.
  • the resistance values of the consumer 6 on the one hand and of the resistor 21 on the other hand must be selected appropriately. This is preferably done so that the resistance value of the consumer 6 is the same 2 ⁇ n 2nd ⁇ ⁇ L is. This can be done either with the help of suitable, non-switchable series or parallel resistors, not shown in the figure. Another possibility is to choose the transmission ratio n of the transformer 15 such that the resistance of the consumer 6, which is fixed in terms of circuitry, is the same 2 ⁇ n 2nd ⁇ ⁇ L is.
  • the already mentioned resistor 22 is provided, the resistance value of which is equal to the resistance value of the consumer 2 ⁇ n 2nd ⁇ ⁇ L is. Since the switch 25 connected in series with this resistor 22 is closed in the first modulation state, a total resistance n 2 ⁇ ⁇ L results for the line termination. In the second modulation state, the switch 25 is open, so that the transmission line 4 with the total resistance composed of the resistance values of the resistor 21 and the consumer 6 3 ⁇ n 2nd ⁇ ⁇ L is completed.
  • a reflection factor r 0.5
  • the voltage divider formed by the resistor 21 and the load 6 divides this increased voltage in a ratio of 1: 2, with two thirds falling off at the load 6, the supply voltage remains unchanged for this when switching from one modulation state to the other.
  • the two transmitters 11, 15 offer the advantage that both the transmitter 1 and the receiver side 2 are completely galvanically separated from the 2-wire line 4 and can be formed as Faraday cages, as indicated by the dashed lines 27, 28.
  • transmitter 1 and receiver 2 are connected to one another only by a single 2-wire line 4, on which both the energy supply of transmitter 1 and the data transmission from transmitter 1 to receiver 2 takes place.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Arrangements For Transmission Of Measured Signals (AREA)
  • Transmission And Conversion Of Sensor Element Output (AREA)
  • Selective Calling Equipment (AREA)
EP95118878A 1994-12-09 1995-11-30 Méthode pour la transmission en série de valeurs de mesure numérique Expired - Lifetime EP0716404B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4443959 1994-12-09
DE4443959A DE4443959A1 (de) 1994-12-09 1994-12-09 Verfahren zur seriellen Übertragung von digitalen Meßwerten

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0716404A1 true EP0716404A1 (fr) 1996-06-12
EP0716404B1 EP0716404B1 (fr) 1999-09-08

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EP95118878A Expired - Lifetime EP0716404B1 (fr) 1994-12-09 1995-11-30 Méthode pour la transmission en série de valeurs de mesure numérique

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US5691714A (fr)
EP (1) EP0716404B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH08320988A (fr)
AT (1) ATE184412T1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2164659C (fr)
DE (2) DE4443959A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2138133T3 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19933491A1 (de) * 1999-07-09 2001-02-01 Walter Mehner Verfahren zur seriellen Übertragung von digitalen Meßdaten
WO2003087964A1 (fr) * 2002-04-13 2003-10-23 Endress & Hauser Conducta Gmbh & Co. Kg Dispositif de mesure pour processus industriels à alimentation électrique centrale
DE102004034133A1 (de) * 2004-07-15 2006-02-02 Hella Kgaa Hueck & Co. Verfahren zur Erhöhung der Auflösung bei der Übertragung von Sensorsignalen zwischen einem Sender und zumindest einem Empfänger und Vorrichtung sowie Anordnung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens

Families Citing this family (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5991842A (en) * 1996-08-27 1999-11-23 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Communication system for providing digital data transfer, electronic equipment for transferring data using the communication system, and an interface control device
EP1067497B1 (fr) * 1999-07-09 2008-02-27 Walter Dr. Mehnert Méthode pour la transmission en série de données de mesures numériques
DE10059815A1 (de) * 2000-12-01 2002-06-13 Grieshaber Vega Kg Elektronische Messvorrichtung zur Erfassung einer Prozessvariablen, insbesondere Radar- oder Ultraschall-Füllstandsmessvorrichtung und Verfahren zum Betreiben einer solchen Messvorrichtung
US20020149379A1 (en) * 2000-01-12 2002-10-17 Winfried Rauer Electronic measuring device for detecting a process variable, in particular a radar or ultrasonic filling level measuring device, and a method for operating a measuring device of this type
DE10055938A1 (de) * 2000-11-10 2002-05-23 Hirschmann Electronics Gmbh Datenübertragung
DE10147490A1 (de) * 2001-09-26 2003-04-17 Siemens Ag Verfahren zum Überwachen einer Automatisierungsanlage
DE10210131A1 (de) * 2002-03-08 2003-09-18 Bosch Gmbh Robert Verfahren zur Datenübertragung von einem Sensor zu einer Steuereinheit, Sensor und Steuereinheit
DE10212131A1 (de) * 2002-03-19 2003-10-02 Siemens Ag Verfahren zum Überwachen einer Automatisierungsanlage
DE10317803B4 (de) * 2003-04-16 2015-01-15 Anton Rodi Messwertverarbeitung von Winkel- und Wegmesssystemen
US7016741B2 (en) * 2003-10-14 2006-03-21 Rosemount Inc. Process control loop signal converter
US7898430B2 (en) * 2005-09-20 2011-03-01 Jds Uniphase Corporation System and method for opportunistic transmission of test probe metadata
JP2007174197A (ja) * 2005-12-21 2007-07-05 Toshiba Corp 双方向伝送装置および双方向伝送方法

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FR2377611A1 (fr) * 1977-01-13 1978-08-11 Endress Hauser Gmbh Co Systeme de traitement de signaux de mesure
DE3049000A1 (de) * 1980-12-24 1982-09-09 Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart System zur uebertragung von aenderungen einer absolutgroesse
GB2136583A (en) * 1983-03-17 1984-09-19 British Hovercraft Corp Ltd Data transmission systems
DE3410752A1 (de) * 1984-03-23 1985-09-26 Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart Vorrichtung zur uebertragung von messsignalen
DE4224225A1 (de) 1992-07-22 1994-01-27 Walter Dr Mehnert Schaltungsanordnung für einen induktiven Stellungsgeber

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BE758268A (fr) * 1969-11-04 1971-04-01 Ibm Procede et systeme de codage comprime de quantites sous forme digitale
DE2136583A1 (de) * 1971-07-22 1973-02-08 Hunter Douglas Paneel fuer wand- oder deckenverkleidung
US3851302A (en) * 1973-03-09 1974-11-26 Seismograph Service Corp Method and apparatus for seismic data acquisition by sequential sampling of data
US4559520A (en) * 1982-06-23 1985-12-17 New England Power Service Company Method for communication utilizing multi-mode reception
JPS61126836A (ja) * 1984-11-22 1986-06-14 Sansui Electric Co Ｐｃｍ伝送方式およびその装置
JPS6417594A (en) * 1987-07-11 1989-01-20 Futaba Denshi Kogyo Kk Remote controller
FR2695277B1 (fr) * 1992-08-28 1994-10-07 Inst Francais Du Petrole Procédé et dispositif de transmission numérisée de signaux.

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2377611A1 (fr) * 1977-01-13 1978-08-11 Endress Hauser Gmbh Co Systeme de traitement de signaux de mesure
DE3049000A1 (de) * 1980-12-24 1982-09-09 Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart System zur uebertragung von aenderungen einer absolutgroesse
GB2136583A (en) * 1983-03-17 1984-09-19 British Hovercraft Corp Ltd Data transmission systems
DE3410752A1 (de) * 1984-03-23 1985-09-26 Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart Vorrichtung zur uebertragung von messsignalen
DE4224225A1 (de) 1992-07-22 1994-01-27 Walter Dr Mehnert Schaltungsanordnung für einen induktiven Stellungsgeber

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19933491A1 (de) * 1999-07-09 2001-02-01 Walter Mehner Verfahren zur seriellen Übertragung von digitalen Meßdaten
US6907389B2 (en) 1999-07-09 2005-06-14 Walter Mehnert Process for the serial transmission of digital measurement data
WO2003087964A1 (fr) * 2002-04-13 2003-10-23 Endress & Hauser Conducta Gmbh & Co. Kg Dispositif de mesure pour processus industriels à alimentation électrique centrale
DE10216330B4 (de) * 2002-04-13 2007-01-25 Endress + Hauser Conducta Gesellschaft für Mess- und Regeltechnik mbH + Co. KG Messeinrichtung für die Prozesstechnik mit Zentralstromversorgung
US7372374B2 (en) 2002-04-13 2008-05-13 Endress + Hauser Conducta Gesellschaft Fur Mess- U. Regeltechnik Mbh + Co. Kg Measuring device used in process technology, comprising a central power supply unit
DE102004034133A1 (de) * 2004-07-15 2006-02-02 Hella Kgaa Hueck & Co. Verfahren zur Erhöhung der Auflösung bei der Übertragung von Sensorsignalen zwischen einem Sender und zumindest einem Empfänger und Vorrichtung sowie Anordnung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE4443959A1 (de) 1996-06-20
CA2164659A1 (fr) 1996-06-10
EP0716404B1 (fr) 1999-09-08
ES2138133T3 (es) 2000-01-01
JPH08320988A (ja) 1996-12-03
ATE184412T1 (de) 1999-09-15
US5691714A (en) 1997-11-25
DE59506782D1 (de) 1999-10-14
CA2164659C (fr) 2004-06-22

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