EP0710137B1 - Safety device for emergency exits - Google Patents

Abstract

PCT No. PCT/DE94/00824 Sec. 371 Date Jan. 19, 1996 Sec. 102(e) Date Jan. 19, 1996 PCT Filed Jul. 18, 1994 PCT Pub. No. WO95/03091 PCT Pub. Date Feb. 2, 1995The invention relates to a safety device for emergency exits in vertical or oblique surfaces of buildings. The safety device essentially consists of a safety bracket (4) which, extends over the emergency exit in such a way that in the inoperative position its transverse rod (10) and the shanks (9) respectively lie beneath and beside the emergency exit. The safety bracket (4) is pivoted on the building. In an emergency, the safety bracket (4) is raised and stably supported in the safety position by two supports (12). Between the safety bracket (4) and the building there is a safety net (17) surrounding the emergency platform (5). People involved in an emergency can, in an initial stage, place themselves on the emergency platform (5) in the open air, in a safe position, from which they can escape or be rescued.

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to a safety device for emergency exits on vertical or sloping surfaces of buildings.

State of the art

Emergency exits on the outer facade of buildings are regularly required if there are no escape routes within the building that comply with the safety regulations. This is often the case when buildings are subsequently rebuilt and expanded and the security regulations inside the building cannot be complied with. For example, the intention may be to install usable rooms in existing attics, although there is only a narrow access to the rooms within the building. If the safety regulations require a second escape route in such cases, the only option is to use the windows as an emergency exit for the rooms. In such cases, mostly unsightly and optically or functionally disturbing emergency exits and stairs with elaborate railings have to be attached to the outer facade of the building. Such solutions are justifiable if the respective outer facade of the building z. B. to backyards or other shielded sides. In public local and city locations, such permanently installed emergency exits are generally not justifiable. Such emergency exits to buildings with historical value are particularly prohibited by organs of monument protection. As a result, the intended roof extensions cannot be realized or unacceptable expenses for a second escape route must be created within the building.

There are already different ones for vertical building surfaces Emergency exits are known, which are mounted below windows on the wall and rest on this in the rest position. In an emergency, the respective balcony-like emergency exit is pivoted into a horizontal position using gravity, where it can be reached from above using chains or the like. is held.

In the publication of the German Reich 1880 no .: 11035, a lowerable and rotatable platform is described, which is mounted on the facade of a building in front of a window. The platform has frame bars on both sides of the frame of the window, which are rotatably mounted on the facade at their lower end. The frame rods are connected to a crossbar at their upper ends. In the event of an emergency, the platform can be brought into the horizontal position and held in this position by chains from above. Iron crossbars, nets or similar between the frame bars serve as a base for the people to be rescued.

The US 4,090,585 describes a balcony-like emergency exit in front of a window, which consists of stable floor and railing parts. In the rest position, the emergency exit is folded up and, with the base part rotatably mounted on the building, folded upwards onto the vertical surface of the building. In an emergency, the emergency exit is swung down into the horizontal using gravity and unfolded.

All known solutions have the disadvantage that they can only be attached to vertical building surfaces. The known emergency exits cannot be used in front of windows in sloping roof areas. Another disadvantage is that these solutions essentially use gravity to move the emergency exit to the use position. The forces occurring when lowering the emergency exit and the loads of the people to be rescued must be taken from the top of the holding elements attached to the structure. This is associated with considerable uncertainties, since the holding elements can tear themselves or be torn from their anchors.

Presentation of the invention

The invention has for its object to provide a safety device for emergency exits, which is essentially invisible in the rest position against vertical or inclined outer surfaces of the building and can be moved to the position of use with simple steps before the emergency exit.

The invention solves the problem by the features mentioned in the characterizing parts of claims 1 and 2. Developments of the invention are characterized in the subclaims. The solutions according to claims 1 and 2 together include a safety bar which is pivotally mounted on the building and in the rest position, that is to say when the emergency exit is not used, lies as close as possible to the outer skin of the building below the emergency exit. In the event of danger, if the emergency exit is to be used, the safety bar, which is easily accessible from the emergency exit, is raised and brought into its position of use. In this case, the supports pivotably mounted on the safety bracket slide freely downward in the longitudinal direction of the guide rails, exceed the vertical to the guide rails in the pivot bearing of the supports and are supported on the lower ends of the guide rails at the stop. In this position, the safety bar with the supports in the guide rails forms a firm, stable frame for a safety device outside the respective building.

In the solution according to claim 2, the supports are pivotally mounted on the structure and the other ends of the supports are freely movable in the longitudinal direction on the legs of the safety bracket, so that in the rest position they are parallel to the ends of the legs of the safety bracket. When lifting the safety bar by the operator in the use position, the supports slide, in an equivalent manner to the solution according to claim 1, by the heavy weight of the supports or by means of restraint on the legs up to the stops in the area of the corners of the safety bar. In this Position is also a stable safety device created around the emergency exit. As a means essential to the invention, both solution variants have a safety net which extends at least between the entire crosspiece of the safety bracket and the building. While the safety bar itself does not offer sufficient security, since people who use the emergency exit could slip under it, the safety net closes the entire area of the emergency exit with high effectiveness. In the idle state of the safety device, the safety network is preferably folded up in a corresponding receptacle on the surface of the building below the emergency exit.

Depending on the specific design of the building, it is necessary that there is sufficient tread area for the people using the emergency exit inside the safety bar in the safety position. These can be areas on the building itself or a separate tread surface is created, which is arranged on the building in a fixed or pivotable manner, so that it rests on the building in the rest position of the safety bar and is pivoted away from the building into a horizontal position of use in the safety position of the safety bar .

When using the safety devices according to the invention, the people in need can move to the emergency exit outside the building with a high degree of security and stop there. This ensures in a first stage that the people can be supplied with fresh air in a safe position. In the second stage, people are picked up by emergency workers from the emergency exit, or they can get themselves from there using known means, e.g. B. a rope ladder, bring to the floor.

The invention has the essential advantage that the respective persons are secured against falling on the emergency exit. Compared to emergency rescues via windows or parapets, there is a significant increase in security achieved and the recovery is accelerated significantly.

The specific implementation of the safety network depends in particular on the local conditions on the specific building. In any case, there must be the possibility that the people below the fixed safety bar can pass through the area of the safety net. That can e.g. B. be always a free page or there can be easily detachable connections within the safety network, which are opened in particular by helpers, so that the people can be freed through the safety network.

The invention can be further improved with additional features. For example, it can be advantageous to equip the safety bar with opening aids so that it can be easily lifted in the event of danger. This can in particular be counterweights, mechanical springs or gas springs. Furthermore, it is possible to equip the opening means of the emergency exit with forced mechanisms or automatic means that the safety device is automatically moved into the safety position when the emergency exit opens.

In particular on buildings where such safety devices are to be as invisible as possible, the safety device can in the rest position be partially or completely sunk or covered in the surface of the building.

• Figur 1 zeigt eine Sicherheitseinrichtung in der Ruhestellung an einer Dachgaupe.
• Figur 2 zeigt eine Sicherheitseinrichtung in Sicherheitsstellung an einem geöffneten Dachkippfenster.
• Figur 3 zeigt eine Sicherheitseinrichtung in Sicherheitsstellung an einer vertikalen Hauswand.

The invention will be explained in more detail below using three exemplary embodiments.

• Figure 1 shows a safety device in the rest position on a dormer.
• Figure 2 shows a safety device in the safety position on an open roof tilt window.
• FIG. 3 shows a safety device in a safety position on a vertical house wall.

In Figure 1, the safety device according to the invention is shown in the rest position on a dormer. The building is a listed building, for example, and the artistically valuable dormer 1 on the roof 2, which is not shown here, is intended to be used as an emergency exit 3. At a height of approx. 20 to 40 meters, a safety device 4 is provided to secure the people using the emergency exit, which is essentially invisible from its considerable distance from the floor in its rest position. Of the safety device, only the safety bar 4 and the emergency exit 5 can be seen in FIG. The further details are described in more detail in the examples below. FIG. 1 clearly shows that the safety device according to the invention is barely perceptible in its rest position.

In Figure 2, a tilting roof window 6 is shown on an inclined roof 2, which is also intended to serve as an emergency exit. For this purpose, there is an emergency exit 5 in front of the roof tilt window 6. A safety device according to the invention is provided to secure the people who use the emergency exit 5. There is a guide rail 7 on each side of the roof tilt window 6, which is fixedly mounted on the roof 2. At the upper end of the guide rail 7 there is a pivot bearing 8 on which a leg 9 of the safety bracket 4 is mounted. The safety bar 4 encloses with its two legs 9 the entire width of the roof tilt window 6. In front of the roof tilt window 6 and the emergency exit 5, the safety bar 4 is closed by the crossbar 10. On both sides in the corner area of the safety bracket 4, a support 12 is pivotably arranged on the legs 9. The other end of each support 12 has a carriage 13 which is freely movable in the longitudinal axis within the guide rail 7. In the rest position, the drives 13 of the supports 12 are parallel to the ends of the legs 9. When the safety bracket 4 is lifted on the handle 14, the drives 13 roll freely downward within the guide rail 7 to a stop 15. This stop is located below the Perpendicular 16 to the guide rail 7, which goes through the pivot bearing 11. In this position, the safety bar 4 is stably supported on the supports 12 and forms a secure frame around the entire emergency exit. In addition, it can be advantageous that the guide rails 7 are slightly spread downwards. This means that the supports 12 are also placed slightly obliquely outwards and the stability of the safety device is further increased. A safety net 17, which encloses the emergency exit 5, is arranged between the safety bracket 4, consisting of the two legs 9 and the transverse web 10, and the roof surface of the roof 2. Not shown in the drawing, the safety net 17 is folded in the rest position in a corresponding trough-like container. It has proven to be advantageous to manufacture the safety net from steel chains connected in a crosswise manner.

Approximately in the middle of the crosspiece 10, several network crosses of the safety network are connected to one another with an easily detachable connecting bolt. In the area of the pivot bearing 8 there are also springs, not shown in the drawing, which compensate for the weight of the safety device and thus facilitate the lifting of the safety bracket 4 in an emergency.

The legs of the safety bracket 4 are in the rest position of the safety device parallel to the guide rails 7 close to the surface of the roof 2 and are optically in no way disturbing. In an emergency, when people are in danger, the roof tilt window 6 is opened and the safety bar 4 is pulled up. The basket-like safety device is installed directly in front of the emergency exit. In a first step, people at risk are able to step out of the interior of the building. In a second step, emergency responders, in particular the fire brigade, enable the people to be rescued safely by the safety device. In the meantime, the people on the emergency exit 5 on the sloping roof 2 are against falling secured. No windows, parapets or similar have to be overcome during the following salvages, the emergency exit can be entered with great certainty. To rescue the people, the connecting bolts in the front part of the safety net 17 are opened by the emergency workers and the people in need can safely leave the emergency exit according to the circumstances.

In Figure 3, a security device according to the invention is shown on a vertical house wall. Such safety devices can be retrofitted from newer safety regulations, in particular to older high-rise buildings.

In the example, the safety device is mounted on a house wall 20 in front of a window 19. In an emergency, window 19 is also intended to serve as an emergency exit. The safety device has a safety bracket 21, the two legs 22 of which are pivotally mounted in two pivot bearings 23 on the house wall 20. Below the window 19 are in the vertical plane of the legs 22 of the safety bracket 21 in a pivot bearing 24 pivotally mounted supports 25. The upper ends of the supports 25 opposite the pivot bearing 24 are equipped with a sliding block 26 which is within the legs 22 in the Can be moved freely in the longitudinal direction. In the corner area of the safety bar there are suitable stops for the sliding blocks. A safety net 29 is located between the crosspiece 27 of the safety bracket 21 and the front edge of the emergency exit 28. The emergency exit 28 is pivotably mounted in a pivot bearing 30 on the house wall 20 and is secured via two lateral holding chains 31.

In the rest position, all parts of the safety device, the emergency exit 28, the supports 25 and the safety bracket 21 including the safety net 29 are applied to the house wall. The safety bar 21 is designed so that the window 19 is not covered, ie that there is no obstruction. The safety device can can also be arranged recessed within the masonry of the house wall 20 in such a way that the safety device is largely invisible in the rest position.

In an emergency, the window 19 is opened and the crossbar 27 of the safety bracket 21, which is easily accessible below the window opening, is pressed forward and upward. The supports 25 fall in their sliding bearing in the legs 22 outward to a stop below the perpendicular 32 to the legs 22 in the pivot bearing 24 and support the safety bracket 21. At the same time, the emergency exit 28 falls outwards until the holding chain 31 is tensioned. When the safety bracket 21 is raised, the safety net 29 also unfolds and the emergency exit 28 can be entered immediately after the safety device has been unfolded. The rescue of those in need occurs as in the previous example.

Claims (10)

1. Safety arrangement for an emergency exit on vertical or sloping exterior surfaces of buildings, having a safety bracket (4) whose legs (9), in the rest position, are to be arranged parallel on the exterior surface of the building, and alongside the window on either side and which, in the safety position, is to be swung approximately horizontally in front of the window, characterized in that, in the rest position, the crossmember (10) of the safety bracked (4) is to be arranged beneath the window and the ends of the legs (9) are to be secured pivotably at the top of the building, opposite the cross-member (10), in that in each case one support (12) is arranged pivotably on the safety bracked (4), on either side thereof, and the other ends of said supports are mounted on in each case one guide rail (7), which guide rails are to be anchored on the building, essentially parallel to the rest position of the legs (9), in that the bearings of the supports (12) are displaceable freely along the longitudinal axis of the guide rails (7) as far as a stop (15) provided at the bottom end of the guide rails (7), the stop (15) being located beneath the perpendicular (16) to the guide rail (7) which runs through the pivot bearing (11) of the supports (12), and in that a safety net (17) is provided at least between the cross-member (10) of the safety brackets (4) and the building, the safety net being suitable for enclosing an emergency platform (5) when the safety bracket (4) is in the safety position.
2. Safety arrangement for an emergency exit on vertical or sloping exterior surfaces of buildings, having a safety bracket (21) whose legs (22), in the rest position, are to be arranged parallel on the exterior surface of the building, and alongside the window on either side and which, in the safety position, is to be swung approximately horizontally in front of the window, characterized in that, in the rest position, the cross-member (27) of the safety bracked (21) is to be arranged beneath the window and the ends of the legs (22) are to be secured pivotably at the top of the building, opposite the cross-member (27), in that in each case one support (25) is arranged on the legs (22), on either side thereof, so as to be displaceable freely along the longitudinal axis of these legs, and the other ends of said supports are to be mounted pivotably on the surface of the building such that, in the rest position, the supports (25) are located essentially parallel to the legs (22) of the safety brakket (21), in that in each case one stop for the supports (25) is provided on the legs (22), preferably in the region of the corners of the safety bracket (21), the stop being located beneath the perpendicular (32) to the longitudinal axis of the legs which runs through the pivot bearing (24) of the supports (25), and in that a safety net (29) is provided at least between the crossmember (27) of the safety bracket (21) and the building, this safety net being suitable for enclosing an emergency platform (28) when the safety bracket (21) is in the safety position.
3. Safety arrangement according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that an emergency platform (5, 28) is provided within the pivot region of the safety bracket (4, 21) and beneath, or horizontally in front of, the emergency exit (3).
4. Safety arrangement according to Claim 3, characterized in that the emergency platform (5) is to be arranged fixedly on the building.
5. Safety arrangement according to Claim 3, characterized in that the emergency platform (28) is to be arranged pivotably on the building such that, in the rest position of the safety bracket (21), it butts against the building and, in the safety position of the safety bracket (21), it can be pivoted away from the building into a horizontal, use position.
6. Safety arrangement according to Claim 1, characterized in that the legs (9) of the safety bracket (4) are mounted pivotably on the building at the top ends of the guide rails (7), which are to be anchored fixedly on the buildings.
7. Safety arrangement according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the supports (12, 25) are mounted displaceably within the guide rails (7), or on the legs (22) of the safety bracket (21), by means of sliding blocks or running-gear machanisms (13).
8. Safety arrangement according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the safety bracket (4, 21) has one or more handles (14) for raising.
9. Safety arrangement according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that forced-actuation mechanisms or automatic means are provided and, in the event of the emergency exit (3) being opened, these respectively move the safety bracket (4, 21) forcibly or automatically from the rest position into the safety position.
10. Safety arrangement according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a container for the safety net (17, 21) is provided beneath the region of the rest position of the cross-member of the safety bracket (4, 21).

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