EP0705930A1 - Guide bar device for a warp knitting machine - Google Patents

Guide bar device for a warp knitting machine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0705930A1
EP0705930A1 EP95114498A EP95114498A EP0705930A1 EP 0705930 A1 EP0705930 A1 EP 0705930A1 EP 95114498 A EP95114498 A EP 95114498A EP 95114498 A EP95114498 A EP 95114498A EP 0705930 A1 EP0705930 A1 EP 0705930A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
arrangement according
bar
bending transducers
bending
laying
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP95114498A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0705930B1 (en
Inventor
Kresimir Mista
Hans-Jürgen Höhne
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Karl Mayer Textilmaschinenfabrik GmbH
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Karl Mayer Textilmaschinenfabrik GmbH
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Publication of EP0705930A1 publication Critical patent/EP0705930A1/en
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04B—KNITTING
    • D04B27/00—Details of, or auxiliary devices incorporated in, warp knitting machines, restricted to machines of this kind
    • D04B27/10—Devices for supplying, feeding, or guiding threads to needles
    • D04B27/24—Thread guide bar assemblies
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04B—KNITTING
    • D04B27/00—Details of, or auxiliary devices incorporated in, warp knitting machines, restricted to machines of this kind
    • D04B27/10—Devices for supplying, feeding, or guiding threads to needles
    • D04B27/24—Thread guide bar assemblies
    • D04B27/26—Shogging devices therefor
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04B—KNITTING
    • D04B27/00—Details of, or auxiliary devices incorporated in, warp knitting machines, restricted to machines of this kind
    • D04B27/10—Devices for supplying, feeding, or guiding threads to needles
    • D04B27/24—Thread guide bar assemblies
    • D04B27/32—Thread guide bar assemblies with independently-movable thread guides controlled by Jacquard mechanisms

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a bar arrangement for a warp knitting machine, in which the bar is axially displaceable by means of an offset device and, with the interposition of a compensating device, is carried by an axially fixed holding device, preferably fastened to a pivot shaft.
  • the displacement device In a known laying bar arrangement of this type (DE-GM 18 57 100), the displacement device consists of a pushrod controlled by a cam, against which the laying bar is held by means of a return spring.
  • a large number of guide bolts which are held in thrust bearings that are equipped with ball bearing bushes, serve as a compensating device that enables the bar to be offset relative to levers attached to the swivel shaft.
  • the guide in the thrust bearings To the warp knitting machine To operate at high speed, the guide in the thrust bearings must be as free of play as possible. This leads to higher wear, a corresponding energy consumption, which is converted into heat, and thus to an unwanted expansion of the laying rail. Due to the high frictional forces, the transmission elements of the offset device are also heavily loaded and exposed to wear. Large deceleration and acceleration forces also occur at high effective speeds.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a bar arrangement of the type described above, which has a much simpler structure and only insignificant friction losses.
  • the compensating device and offset device are formed by bending transducers, which are attached at one end to the holding device, carry the bar at the other end and deform under the influence of a control signal by bending.
  • the holding device has levers fastened to the pivot shaft and a holding rail carried by them, and that the bending transducers are arranged distributed over the length of the laying bar.
  • the holding rail By using the holding rail, the bending transducers or groups of bending transducers can be arranged at a relatively short distance from one another, so that the stopping points of the laying bar are relatively closely adjacent. This allows the bar to be given a smaller cross-section and thus a lower mass, which in turn allows the speed of action to be increased.
  • the bending transducers are combined into groups, each of which has a common head strip for attachment to the holding device and a common baseboard for attachment to the laying bar. In this way, the bending transducers can be installed and removed in groups, which is favorable for assembly and repair.
  • the bending transducers are preferably piezoelectric bending transducers, each of which has a strip-shaped carrier coated on one or both sides with an active layer made of piezoelectric material.
  • Such bending transducers can be actuated by a control voltage and respond very quickly to this control voltage. It is therefore possible to work with the currently high operating speeds or even higher operating speeds.
  • the invention also encompasses the use of other bending transducers which are actuated, for example, electromagnetically or magnetostrictively or in some other way.
  • the strip-shaped carrier preferably has an extension at its foot end that extends beyond the active layer.
  • This layer which is not active in bending, increases the displacement of the laying bar, so that displacement paths of several millimeters can be achieved.
  • the strip-shaped carrier consist of carbon fiber composite material, that is to say of a plastic reinforced with carbon fibers. This results in a particularly light, yet stable construction of the bending transducers.
  • the bending transducers can be deflected either to the left or to the right from a rest position by appropriately applying a control voltage. If you apply the same control voltage to the bending transducer once with a positive effect, the other time with a negative effect, there are three equidistant positions of the bar, so that you can, for example, work a jersey bottom. When using different voltages, different offset movements can also be achieved.
  • the strip-shaped carrier consists of electrically insulating material and carries a layer of inner electrode, active layer and outer electrode on both sides, wherein a control voltage can be fed to the inner electrodes and the outer electrodes are grounded .
  • a bending transducer has the further advantage that it is safe to touch because the external electrodes are grounded.
  • an offset control device which outputs the control voltage to be supplied to the bending transducers in a program-controlled manner with regard to both size and profile. In this way, the offset movement can be carried out so that there are no excessive accelerations and decelerations. Further details emerge from the applicant's earlier patent application P 44 11 528.8.
  • stops are recommended to limit the offset movement of the bar. You can achieve very rapid offset movements. Nevertheless, the end position is precisely defined.
  • these stops can be moved by an actuator. You can therefore operate the bar with very different offset steps.
  • the laying needles are carried by the laying bar with the interposition of piezoelectric bending transducers and can be individually displaced under the influence of control voltages. This results in a laying bar that can be displaced by bending transducers and jacquard-controlled by bending transducers.
  • FIG. 1 shows the working area 1 of a warp knitting machine with a knitting needle bar 2 carrying knitting needles, a slider bar 3 carrying the associated slider, a piercing bar 4 and a knock-off bar 5, over the upper edge of which the knitted fabric 6 is drawn off.
  • Two laying bars 7 and 8 with their laying needles 9 and 10 serve to manufacture the goods base.
  • a laying bar 11 with jacquard-controlled laying needles 12 is used for patterning. All laying bars are carried by a holding device with the interposition of bending transducers 13, 14 and 15, which are held by holding rails 16, 17 and 18 and pivot lever 19 is formed. The latter are firmly connected to a pivot shaft 20 and can therefore be pivoted back and forth in the direction of arrow 21, as a result of which the laying needles 9, 10 and 12 can be moved from the illustrated position of reflection into the position of deposit and back.
  • bending transducer primarily includes those elements which consist of a bendable material and deform under the influence of an external excitation, which is mostly electrical or magnetic, by bending.
  • these elements are preferably strip-shaped.
  • each eight piezoelectric bending transducers 15 are in a group 22nd , 22a, which has a header 23, 23a at the top and a skirting 24, 24a at the bottom.
  • the piezoelectric bending transducers 15 are firmly connected to the header 23 and the skirt 24.
  • Screws 25, which pass through holes 26, serve to fasten the head strip 23 to the holding rail 18.
  • Screws 27, which pass through holes 28, serve to fasten the skirting board 24 to the bar 8.
  • the latter carries in the usual way lead 29, which with Are fastened with the aid of screws 30 and in each of which several laying needles 10 are cast.
  • a control device 31 has two signal lines 32 and 33, via which an electrical voltage can be supplied to the bending transducers 15, as will be explained in connection with FIGS. 5 and 6, while the holding rail 18 is grounded at 34.
  • the lower ends of the bending transducers 15 shift in one direction or the other, so that the bar 8 experiences an offset X1, for example.
  • Stops 35 and 36 serve to limit the offset movement and thus the precise setting of the laying needles 10 as they swing through the needle lanes of the knitting needles.
  • a total offset X is set in FIG. 3.
  • the stops 35 and 36 can be displaced by servomotors 37, 38, for which purpose the servomotors are connected to the control device 31 via signal lines 39 and 40.
  • FIG. 4 and 5 show the left laying bar arrangement in FIG. 1 with the laying bar 11 and the holding rail 16.
  • groups 41 of bending transducers 13 are connected at the upper end to a head strip 42 and at the lower end to a baseboard 43, which are similar 2 and 3 are connected by screws, for example the screws 44, to the holding rail 16 or the laying bar 11.
  • the bending transducer 13, as shown in FIG. 6, consists of a strip-shaped carrier 45 made of electrically insulating material, for example glass fiber-reinforced plastic, which has a layering of inner electrode 46, piezoelectrically active layer 47 and outer electrode 48 on one side and on the other side a layer of inner electrode 49, piezoelectrically active layer 50 and outer electrode 51 carries.
  • the two inner electrodes 46 and 49 are connected to the signal lines 32 and 33, respectively.
  • the two outer electrodes 48 and 51 are grounded via machine parts connected to ground potential, here the header 42 and the holding rail 16.
  • the head strip 42 is comb-shaped with grooves 52 into which the upper end of the bending transducer 13 is inserted and clamped there or by others Means is attached.
  • the strip-shaped carrier 45 has an extension 53 extending beyond the active layers 47 and 50, the lower end of which is inserted into slots in the baseboard 43.
  • the baseboard 43 shifts to the left when a control voltage is applied to the left inner electrode 46 and to the right when a control voltage is applied to the right inner electrode 49.
  • the deflection is approximately proportional to the charge applied to the bending transducer and thus to the applied voltage VDC. If the tension is the same, the displacement paths are the same, which can easily be chosen to be the same as or a multiple of a needle pitch. In this way, the offset can be controlled in a pattern.
  • control voltage VDC can run within a working cycle A according to a curve K which corresponds to the deliberate offset in a section a.
  • section b the swinging into the underlay position takes place.
  • section c there is an underlap.
  • section d the laying bar 11 swings back into the consideration position.
  • the individual sections can run in a straight line, but expediently have gradual transitions between them. In this way, a gradual change in the acceleration of the laying bar 11 at the beginning and a gradual deceleration are achieved at the end. There are therefore no excessive opposing forces, so that there is perfect operation.
  • the laying needles 12 are fastened to carrier strips 54 of piezoelectric bending transducers 55, which in turn are fastened to a head strip 56. This is attached to the bar 11 with the aid of screws 57. Electrical lines 58 are connected to the control device 31. In this way, the laying needles 12 can be moved individually in the sense of a jacquard control.
  • a jacquard control with a piezoelectric bending transducer reference is made to the applicant's older German patent applications P 42 26 899, P 43 16 396, P 44 14 876 and P 44 18 714.
  • the structure of the piezoelectric bending transducers described in these applications can also be used in a corresponding manner for the bending transducers 13 to 15. This applies, for example, to the attachment of a second bending transducer in the region of the extension 43, which curves in the opposite direction to the first bending transducer.
  • the second bending transducer shifts the lower end of the strip-shaped support parallel to itself during the bending deformation. The load on the girder at the clamping point on the laying bar is therefore low.
  • a strip-shaped carrier 60 which consists of carbon fiber-reinforced plastic, that is to say is electrically conductive, carries on one side a layering of a piezoelectrically active layer 61 with an outer electrode 62 and on the other side a layering of a piezoelectrically active layer 63 and an outer layer Electrode 64.
  • the outer electrode 62 is connected to the control signal line 32, the outer electrode 64 to the control signal line 33 and the electrically conductive carrier 60 to ground 34.
  • Such a bending transducer can be manufactured with an extremely light weight, but nevertheless with high stability.
  • the holding device consists only of the pivot levers 19, ie the holding rails 16, 17, 18 are omitted.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Knitting Machines (AREA)

Abstract

A knitting machine guide bar has appts. for its axial displacement, is supported by axially stationary appts., pref. on an oscillating shaft, and compensated by appts. interposed between shaft and guide bar. Here, compensation and adjustment are achieved by displacement converters (13, 14, 15), which flex under action of a control signal, are fixed at one end to the support appts. and support the guide bars (7, 8, 9) at their other ends.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Legebarrenanordnung für eine Kettenwirkmaschine, bei der die Legebarre mittels einer Versatzvorrichtung axial versetzbar und unter Zwischenschaltung einer Ausgleichsvorrichtung von einer axial feststehenden, vorzugsweise an einer Schwenkwelle befestigten Haltevorrichtung getragen ist.The invention relates to a bar arrangement for a warp knitting machine, in which the bar is axially displaceable by means of an offset device and, with the interposition of a compensating device, is carried by an axially fixed holding device, preferably fastened to a pivot shaft.

Bei einer bekannten Legebarrenanordnung dieser Art (DE-GM 18 57 100) besteht die Versatzvorrichtung aus einer durch eine Kurvenscheibe gesteuerten Schubstange, gegen die die Legebarre mittels einer Rückstellfeder gehalten wird. Als Ausgleichsvorrichtung, welche den Versatz der Legebarre gegenüber an der Schwenkwelle befestigten Hebeln ermöglicht, dient eine Vielzahl von Führungsbolzen, die in Axiallagern, die mit Kugellagerbuchsen ausgestattet sind, gehalten sind. Um die Kettenwirkmaschine mit hoher Geschwindigkeit betreiben zu können, muß die Führung in den Axiallagern möglichst spielfrei sein. Dies führt zu einem höheren Verschleiß, einem entsprechenden Energieverbrauch, welcher in Wärme umgesetzt wird, und damit zu einer ungewollten Ausdehnung der Legeschiene. Durch die hohen Reibungskräfte werden auch die Übertragungselemente der Versatzvorrichtung stark belastet und einem Verschleiß ausgesetzt. Bei hoher Wirkgeschwindigkeit treten auch große Verzögerungs- und Beschleunigungskräfte auf.In a known laying bar arrangement of this type (DE-GM 18 57 100), the displacement device consists of a pushrod controlled by a cam, against which the laying bar is held by means of a return spring. A large number of guide bolts, which are held in thrust bearings that are equipped with ball bearing bushes, serve as a compensating device that enables the bar to be offset relative to levers attached to the swivel shaft. To the warp knitting machine To operate at high speed, the guide in the thrust bearings must be as free of play as possible. This leads to higher wear, a corresponding energy consumption, which is converted into heat, and thus to an unwanted expansion of the laying rail. Due to the high frictional forces, the transmission elements of the offset device are also heavily loaded and exposed to wear. Large deceleration and acceleration forces also occur at high effective speeds.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Legebarrenanordnung der eingangs beschriebenen Art anzugeben, die einen wesentlich einfacheren Aufbau und nur unbedeutende Reibungsverluste hat.The invention has for its object to provide a bar arrangement of the type described above, which has a much simpler structure and only insignificant friction losses.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß Ausgleichsvorrichtung und Versatzvorrichtung durch Biegewandler gebildet sind, die mit einem Ende an der Haltevorrichtung befestigt sind, mit dem anderen Ende die Legebarre tragen und sich unter dem Einfluß eines Steuersignals durch Biegung verformen.This object is achieved in that the compensating device and offset device are formed by bending transducers, which are attached at one end to the holding device, carry the bar at the other end and deform under the influence of a control signal by bending.

Bei dieser Konstruktion entfällt eine gesonderte Versatzvorrichtung (Musterscheibe, Musterkette, Stellmotor u.dgl.). Es entfallen auch alle Axiallager der Ausgleichsvorrichtung. Vielmehr werden die Funktionen von Versatzvorrichtung und Ausgleichsvorrichtung durch die Biegewandler übernommen. Die Anzahl der erforderlichen Biegewandler richtet sich nach der Maschinenleistung oder den zu erwartenden Betriebsbedingungen. Schon zwei Biegewandler bilden zusammen mit der Haltevorrichtung und der Legebarre ein Parallelogramm, das die Legebarre auch bei verformten Biegewandlern parallel zu sich hält. Die Höhenänderung der Legebarre ist bei den gewöhnlich auftretenden Versatzwegen so gering, daß man sie vernachlässigen kann. In der Praxis wird jedoch eine größere Anzahl von Biegewandlern verwendet, zum einen um der Legebarre trotz Axialbewegung eine hohe Stabilität zu geben, zum anderen um durch die Biegeverformung eine ausreichend große Versatzkraft zu erzielen. Zu beachten ist hierbei, daß die Versatzkräfte wesentlich geringer gehalten werden können als bisher, weil keine Rückstellfeder zur Erzeugung einer kraftschlüssigen Verbindung zwischen Versatzvorrichtung und Legebarre benötigt wird. Schließlich ist die zusätzlich zur Legebarre bewegte Masse der Biegewandler wesentlich geringer als die zusätzlich zur Legebarre bewegte Masse der Axiallager, so daß höhere Arbeitsgeschwindigkeiten erzielbar sind.With this construction there is no need for a separate offset device (sample disc, sample chain, servomotor, etc.). All axial bearings of the compensating device are also dispensed with. Rather, the functions of the offset device and compensation device are taken over by the bending transducers. The number of bending transducers required depends on the machine performance or the expected operating conditions. Already two bending transducers, together with the holding device and the bar, form a parallelogram, which keeps the bar parallel to itself even with deformed bending transducers. The change in height of the bar is so small with the usual displacement paths that it can be neglected. In practice, however a larger number of bending transducers are used, on the one hand to give the bar a high degree of stability despite the axial movement, and on the other hand to achieve a sufficiently large offset force due to the bending deformation. It should be noted here that the offset forces can be kept considerably lower than before because no return spring is required to produce a non-positive connection between the offset device and the laying bar. Finally, the mass of the bending transducers that is moved in addition to the bar is significantly lower than the mass of the axial bearings that is moved in addition to the bar, so that higher working speeds can be achieved.

Besonders günstig ist es, daß die Haltevorrichtung an der Schwenkwelle befestigte Hebel und eine von diesen getragene Halteschiene aufweist und daß die Biegewandler über die Länge der Legebarre verteilt angeordnet sind. Durch die Verwendung der Halteschiene lassen sich die Biegewandler oder Biegewandlergruppen mit verhältnismäßig geringem Abstand voneinander anordnen, so daß die Haltepunkte der Legebarre verhältnismäßig dicht benachbart sind. Dies erlaubt es, der Legebarre einen kleineren Querschnitt und damit eine geringere Masse zu geben, was wiederum die Wirkgeschwindigkeit zu erhöhen gestattet.It is particularly favorable that the holding device has levers fastened to the pivot shaft and a holding rail carried by them, and that the bending transducers are arranged distributed over the length of the laying bar. By using the holding rail, the bending transducers or groups of bending transducers can be arranged at a relatively short distance from one another, so that the stopping points of the laying bar are relatively closely adjacent. This allows the bar to be given a smaller cross-section and thus a lower mass, which in turn allows the speed of action to be increased.

Vorteile bietet es ferner, daß die Biegewandler zu Gruppen zusammengefaßt sind, die jeweils eine gemeinsame Kopfleiste zur Befestigung an der Haltevorrichtung und eine gemeinsame Fußleiste zur Befestigung an der Legebarre aufweisen. Auf diese Weise lassen sich die Biegewandler gruppenweise ein- und ausbauen, was für die Montage und Reparatur günstig ist.It also offers advantages that the bending transducers are combined into groups, each of which has a common head strip for attachment to the holding device and a common baseboard for attachment to the laying bar. In this way, the bending transducers can be installed and removed in groups, which is favorable for assembly and repair.

Vorzugsweise sind die Biegewandler piezoelektrische Biegewandler, die jeweils einen streifenförmigen, ein- oder beidseitig mit einer aktiven Schicht aus piezoelektrischem Material beschichteten Träger aufweisen. Solche Biegewandler lassen sich durch eine Steuerspannung betätigen und sprechen sehr rasch auf diese Steuerspannung an. Man kann daher mit den derzeit üblichen hohen Wirkgeschwindigkeiten oder noch höheren Wirkgeschwindigkeiten arbeiten. Die Erfindung umfaßt aber auch die Verwendung von anderen Biegewandlern, die beispielsweise elektromagnetisch oder magnetostriktiv oder auf andere Weise betätigt werden.The bending transducers are preferably piezoelectric bending transducers, each of which has a strip-shaped carrier coated on one or both sides with an active layer made of piezoelectric material. Such bending transducers can be actuated by a control voltage and respond very quickly to this control voltage. It is therefore possible to work with the currently high operating speeds or even higher operating speeds. However, the invention also encompasses the use of other bending transducers which are actuated, for example, electromagnetically or magnetostrictively or in some other way.

Mit Vorzug weist der streifenförmige Träger an seinem Fußende eine über die aktive Schicht hinausgehende Verlängerung auf. Diese nicht biegeaktive Schicht vergrößert die Verlagerung der Legebarre, so daß Versatzwege von mehreren Millimetern erreicht werden können.The strip-shaped carrier preferably has an extension at its foot end that extends beyond the active layer. This layer, which is not active in bending, increases the displacement of the laying bar, so that displacement paths of several millimeters can be achieved.

Es empfiehlt sich, daß der streifenförmige Träger aus Kohlefaser-Verbundwerkstoff besteht, also aus einem mit Kohlefasern verstärkten Kunststoff. Dies ergibt eine besonders leichte und trotzdem stabile Konstruktion der Biegewandler.It is recommended that the strip-shaped carrier consist of carbon fiber composite material, that is to say of a plastic reinforced with carbon fibers. This results in a particularly light, yet stable construction of the bending transducers.

Besonders günstig ist es, daß die Biegewandler aus einer Ruhestellung durch entsprechendes Anlegen einer Steuerspannung wahlweise nach links oder rechts auslenkbar sind. Legt man die gleiche Steuerspannung das eine Mal mit positiver Wirkung das andere Mal mit negativer Wirkung an den Biegewandler an, ergeben sich drei äquidistante Stellungen der Legebarre, so daß man beispielsweise einen Trikotgrund wirken kann. Bei Verwendung unterschiedlicher Spannungen lassen sich auch unterschiedliche Versatzbewegungen erzielen.It is particularly favorable that the bending transducers can be deflected either to the left or to the right from a rest position by appropriately applying a control voltage. If you apply the same control voltage to the bending transducer once with a positive effect, the other time with a negative effect, there are three equidistant positions of the bar, so that you can, for example, work a jersey bottom. When using different voltages, different offset movements can also be achieved.

Bei einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist dafür gesorgt, daß der streifenförmige Träger aus elektrisch isolierendem Material besteht und auf beiden Seiten jeweils eine Schichtung aus innerer Elektrode, aktiver Schicht und äußerer Elektrode trägt, wobei den inneren Elektroden je eine Steuerspannung zuführbar ist und die äußeren Elektroden geerdet sind. Ein solcher Biegewandler hat den weiteren Vorteil, daß er berührungssicher ist, weil die außenliegenden Elektroden geerdet sind.In a preferred embodiment, it is ensured that the strip-shaped carrier consists of electrically insulating material and carries a layer of inner electrode, active layer and outer electrode on both sides, wherein a control voltage can be fed to the inner electrodes and the outer electrodes are grounded . Such a bending transducer has the further advantage that it is safe to touch because the external electrodes are grounded.

Günstig ist es auch, daß eine Versatz-Steuervorrichtung vorgesehen ist, die die den Biegewandlern zuzuführende Steuerspannung sowohl hinsichtlich Größe als auch Verlauf programmgeführt abgibt. Auf diese Weise kann die Versatzbewegung so durchgeführt werden, daß keine zu großen Beschleunigungen und Verzögerungen auftreten. Weitere Einzelheiten ergeben sich aus der älteren Patentanmeldung P 44 11 528.8 der Anmelderin.It is also favorable that an offset control device is provided which outputs the control voltage to be supplied to the bending transducers in a program-controlled manner with regard to both size and profile. In this way, the offset movement can be carried out so that there are no excessive accelerations and decelerations. Further details emerge from the applicant's earlier patent application P 44 11 528.8.

Des weiteren empfehlen sich Anschläge zur Begrenzung der Versatzbewegung der Legebarre. Man kann sehr rasche Versatzbewegungen erzielen. Trotzdem ist die Endstellung genau festgelegt.Furthermore, stops are recommended to limit the offset movement of the bar. You can achieve very rapid offset movements. Nevertheless, the end position is precisely defined.

Außerdem können diese Anschläge durch einen Stellmotor versetzbar sein. Man kann daher die Legebarre mit sehr unterschiedlichen Versatzschritten betreiben.In addition, these stops can be moved by an actuator. You can therefore operate the bar with very different offset steps.

In weiterer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung sind die Legenadeln unter Zwischenschaltung von piezoelektrischen Biegewandlern von der Legebarre getragen und einzeln unter dem Einfluß von Steuerspannungen verlagerbar. Auf diese Weise ergibt sich eine durch Biegewandler versetzbare und durch Biegewandler jacquardsteuerbare Legebarre.In a further embodiment of the invention, the laying needles are carried by the laying bar with the interposition of piezoelectric bending transducers and can be individually displaced under the influence of control voltages. This results in a laying bar that can be displaced by bending transducers and jacquard-controlled by bending transducers.

Die Erfindung wird nachstehend anhand in der Zeichnung dargestellter bevorzugter Ausführungsbeispiele näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
einen Schnitt durch den Arbeitsbereich einer Kettenwirkmaschine mit erfindungsgemäß ausgebildeten Legebarrenanordnungen,
Fig. 2
einen Querschnitt durch eine der beiden rechten Legebarrenanordnungen der Fig. 1,
Fig. 3
eine Vorderansicht dieser Legebarrenanordnung,
Fig. 4
einen Querschnitt durch die linke Legebarrenanordnung der Fig. 1,
Fig. 5
eine für den Einbau vorbereitete Gruppe der Biegewandler,
Fig. 6
die obere Einspannstelle eines Biegewandlers,
Fig. 7
den Verlauf der Steuerspannung und
Fig. 8
einen abgewandelten Biegewandler.
The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to preferred exemplary embodiments illustrated in the drawing. Show it:
Fig. 1
3 shows a section through the working area of a warp knitting machine with laying bar arrangements designed according to the invention,
Fig. 2
2 shows a cross section through one of the two right-hand laying bar arrangements of FIG. 1,
Fig. 3
a front view of this bar arrangement,
Fig. 4
2 shows a cross section through the left laying bar arrangement of FIG. 1,
Fig. 5
a group of bending transducers prepared for installation,
Fig. 6
the upper clamping point of a bending transducer,
Fig. 7
the course of the control voltage and
Fig. 8
a modified bending transducer.

Fig. 1 zeigt den Arbeitsbereich 1 einer Kettenwirkmaschine mit einer Wirknadeln tragenden Wirknadelbarre 2, einer die zugehörigen Schieber tragenden Schieberbarre 3, einer Stechkammbarre 4 und einer Abschlagbarre 5, über deren oberen Kante die gewirkte Ware 6 abgezogen wird. Zwei Legebarren 7 und 8 mit ihren Legenadeln 9 und 10 dienen der Herstellung des Warengrundes. Eine Legebarre 11 mit jacquardgesteuerten Legenadeln 12 dient der Musterung. Sämtliche Legebarren werden unter Zwischenschaltung von Biegewandlern 13, 14 bzw. 15 von einer Haltevorrichtung getragen, die durch Halteschienen 16, 17 bzw. 18 und Schwenkhebel 19 gebildet wird. Letztere sind fest mit einer Schwenkwelle 20 verbunden und können daher im Sinne des Pfeiles 21 hin- und hergeschwenkt werden können, wodurch die Legenadeln 9, 10 und 12 aus der veranschaulichten Überlegungsstellung in die Unterlegungsstellung und zurück bewegt werden können.1 shows the working area 1 of a warp knitting machine with a knitting needle bar 2 carrying knitting needles, a slider bar 3 carrying the associated slider, a piercing bar 4 and a knock-off bar 5, over the upper edge of which the knitted fabric 6 is drawn off. Two laying bars 7 and 8 with their laying needles 9 and 10 serve to manufacture the goods base. A laying bar 11 with jacquard-controlled laying needles 12 is used for patterning. All laying bars are carried by a holding device with the interposition of bending transducers 13, 14 and 15, which are held by holding rails 16, 17 and 18 and pivot lever 19 is formed. The latter are firmly connected to a pivot shaft 20 and can therefore be pivoted back and forth in the direction of arrow 21, as a result of which the laying needles 9, 10 and 12 can be moved from the illustrated position of reflection into the position of deposit and back.

Unter den Begriff "Biegewandler" fallen in erster Linie solche Elemente, die aus einem biegbaren Material bestehen und sich unter dem Einfluß einer äußeren Anregung, die zumeist elektrisch oder magnetisch ist, durch Biegung verformen. Für den vorliegenden Zweck haben diese Elemente vorzugsweise Streifenform.The term "bending transducer" primarily includes those elements which consist of a bendable material and deform under the influence of an external excitation, which is mostly electrical or magnetic, by bending. For the present purpose, these elements are preferably strip-shaped.

Aus einer Zusammenschau der Fig. 2 und 3, in denen die Anordnung mit der rechten Legebarre 8 dargestellt ist, ersieht man, daß die Kalteschiene 18 sich über die gleiche Länge erstreckt wie die Legebarre 8. Jeweils acht piezoelektrische Biegewandler 15 sind zu einer Gruppe 22, 22a zusammengefaßt, die oben eine Kopfleiste 23, 23a und unten eine Fußleiste 24, 24a aufweist. Die piezoelektrischen Biegewandler 15 sind fest mit Kopfleiste 23 und Fußleiste 24 verbunden. Schrauben 25, welche durch Löcher 26 greifen, dienen der Befestigung der Kopfleiste 23 an der Halteschiene 18. Schrauben 27, die durch Löcher 28 greifen, dienen der Befestigung der Fußleiste 24 an der Legebarre 8. Letztere trägt in üblicher Weise Bleie 29, welche mit Hilfe von Schrauben 30 befestigt sind und in die jeweils mehrere Legenadeln 10 eingegossen sind.2 and 3, in which the arrangement with the right laying bar 8 is shown, it can be seen that the cold rail 18 extends over the same length as the laying bar 8. Each eight piezoelectric bending transducers 15 are in a group 22nd , 22a, which has a header 23, 23a at the top and a skirting 24, 24a at the bottom. The piezoelectric bending transducers 15 are firmly connected to the header 23 and the skirt 24. Screws 25, which pass through holes 26, serve to fasten the head strip 23 to the holding rail 18. Screws 27, which pass through holes 28, serve to fasten the skirting board 24 to the bar 8. The latter carries in the usual way lead 29, which with Are fastened with the aid of screws 30 and in each of which several laying needles 10 are cast.

Eine Steuervorrichtung 31 weist zwei Signalleitungen 32 und 33 auf, über die den Biegewandlern 15 eine elektrische Spannung zugeführt werden kann, wie dies in Verbindung mit den Fig. 5 und 6 noch erläutert wird, während die Halteschiene 18 bei 34 geerdet ist. Durch Anlegen einer Steuerspannung verlagern sich die unteren Enden der Biegewandler 15 in der einen oder anderen Richtung, so daß die Legebarre 8 beispielsweise einen Versatz X1 erfährt. Anschläge 35 und 36 dienen der Begrenzung der Versatzbewegung und damit dem genauen Einstellen der Legenadeln 10 beim Durchschwingen durch die Nadelgassen der Wirknadeln.A control device 31 has two signal lines 32 and 33, via which an electrical voltage can be supplied to the bending transducers 15, as will be explained in connection with FIGS. 5 and 6, while the holding rail 18 is grounded at 34. By applying a control voltage, the lower ends of the bending transducers 15 shift in one direction or the other, so that the bar 8 experiences an offset X1, for example. Stops 35 and 36 serve to limit the offset movement and thus the precise setting of the laying needles 10 as they swing through the needle lanes of the knitting needles.

In Fig. 3 ist ein Gesamtversatz X eingestellt. Die Anschläge 35 und 36 können jedoch durch Stellmotoren 37, 38 verlagert werden, zu welchem Zweck die Stellmotore über Signalleitungen 39 und 40 mit der Steuervorrichtung 31 verbunden sind.A total offset X is set in FIG. 3. However, the stops 35 and 36 can be displaced by servomotors 37, 38, for which purpose the servomotors are connected to the control device 31 via signal lines 39 and 40.

Die Fig. 4 und 5 zeigen die linke Legebarrenanordnung in Fig. 1 mit der Legebarre 11 und der Halteschiene 16. Wiederum sind Gruppen 41 von Biegewandlern 13 am oberen Ende mit einer Kopfleiste 42 und am unteren Ende mit einer Fußleiste 43 verbunden, die in ähnlicher Weise wie in den Fig. 2 und 3 durch Schrauben, beispielsweise die Schrauben 44, mit der Halteschiene 16 bzw. der Legebarre 11 verbunden sind. Der Biegewandler 13 besteht, wie Fig. 6 zeigt, aus einem streifenförmigen Träger 45 aus elektrisch isolierendem Material, beispielsweise glasfaserverstärktem Kunststoff, der auf der einen Seite eine Schichtung aus innerer Elektrode 46, piezoelektrisch aktiver Schicht 47 und äußerer Elektrode 48 und auf der anderen Seite eine Schichtung aus innerer Elektrode 49, piezoelektrisch aktiver Schicht 50 und äußerer Elektrode 51 trägt. Die beiden inneren Elektroden 46 und 49 sind mit den Signalleitungen 32 bzw. 33 verbunden. Die beiden äußeren Elektroden 48 und 51 sind über an Massepotential liegende Maschinenteile, hier die Kopfleiste 42 und die Halteschiene 16, geerdet. Zu diesem Zweck ist die Kopfleiste 42 kammartig mit Nuten 52 ausgebildet, in welche das obere Ende des Biegewandlers 13 eingeschoben und dort klemmend oder durch andere Mittel befestigt ist. Der streifenförmige Träger 45 besitzt eine über die aktiven Schichten 47 und 50 hinausgehende Verlängerung 53, deren unteres Ende in Schlitze der Fußleiste 43 eingesetzt ist.4 and 5 show the left laying bar arrangement in FIG. 1 with the laying bar 11 and the holding rail 16. Again, groups 41 of bending transducers 13 are connected at the upper end to a head strip 42 and at the lower end to a baseboard 43, which are similar 2 and 3 are connected by screws, for example the screws 44, to the holding rail 16 or the laying bar 11. The bending transducer 13, as shown in FIG. 6, consists of a strip-shaped carrier 45 made of electrically insulating material, for example glass fiber-reinforced plastic, which has a layering of inner electrode 46, piezoelectrically active layer 47 and outer electrode 48 on one side and on the other side a layer of inner electrode 49, piezoelectrically active layer 50 and outer electrode 51 carries. The two inner electrodes 46 and 49 are connected to the signal lines 32 and 33, respectively. The two outer electrodes 48 and 51 are grounded via machine parts connected to ground potential, here the header 42 and the holding rail 16. For this purpose, the head strip 42 is comb-shaped with grooves 52 into which the upper end of the bending transducer 13 is inserted and clamped there or by others Means is attached. The strip-shaped carrier 45 has an extension 53 extending beyond the active layers 47 and 50, the lower end of which is inserted into slots in the baseboard 43.

Ausgehend von einer Ruhestellung des Biegewandlers 13 verlagert sich die Fußleiste 43 beim Anlegen einer Steuerspannung an die linke innere Elektrode 46 nach links und beim Anlegen einer Steuerspannung an die rechte innere Elektrode 49 nach rechts. Die Auslenkung ist etwa der auf den Biegewandler aufgebrachten Ladung und damit der angelegten Spannung VDC proportional. Bei gleichgroßer Spannung ergeben sich gleichgroße Versatzwege, die ohne Schwierigkeiten gleich dem Einfachen oder Mehrfachen einer Nadelteilung gewählt werden können. Auf diese Weise läßt sich der Versatz mustermäßig steuern.Starting from a rest position of the bending transducer 13, the baseboard 43 shifts to the left when a control voltage is applied to the left inner electrode 46 and to the right when a control voltage is applied to the right inner electrode 49. The deflection is approximately proportional to the charge applied to the bending transducer and thus to the applied voltage VDC. If the tension is the same, the displacement paths are the same, which can easily be chosen to be the same as or a multiple of a needle pitch. In this way, the offset can be controlled in a pattern.

Darüber hinaus kann, wie Fig. 7 zeigt, innerhalb eines Arbeitszyklus A die Steuerspannung VDC nach einer Kurve K verlaufen, die in einem Abschnitt a dem Überlegungsversatz entspricht. In einem Abschnitt b erfolgt das Durchschwingen in die Unterlegungsstellung. Im Abschnitt c ergibt sich der Unterlegungsversatz. Im Abschnitt d schwingt die Legebarre 11 zurück in die Überlegungsstellung. Die einzelnen Abschnitte können geradlinig verlaufen, weisen aber zweckmäßigerweise allmähliche Übergänge zwischen sich auf. Auf diese Weise wird zum Anfang eine allmähliche Veränderung der Beschleunigung der Legebarre 11 und zum Ende eine allmähliche Verzögerung erzielt. Es wirken daher keine übermäßigen Gegenkräfte, so daß sich ein einwandfreier Betrieb ergibt.In addition, as FIG. 7 shows, the control voltage VDC can run within a working cycle A according to a curve K which corresponds to the deliberate offset in a section a. In section b, the swinging into the underlay position takes place. In section c there is an underlap. In section d, the laying bar 11 swings back into the consideration position. The individual sections can run in a straight line, but expediently have gradual transitions between them. In this way, a gradual change in the acceleration of the laying bar 11 at the beginning and a gradual deceleration are achieved at the end. There are therefore no excessive opposing forces, so that there is perfect operation.

Die Legenadeln 12 sind an Trägerstreifen 54 von piezoelektrischen Biegewandlern 55 befestigt, welche ihrerseits an einer Kopfleiste 56 befestigt sind. Diese ist mit Hilfe von Schrauben 57 an der Legebarre 11 angebracht. Elektrische Leitungen 58 sind mit der Steuervorrichtung 31 verbunden. Auf diese Weise lassen sich die Legenadeln 12 im Sinne einer Jacquardsteuerung einzeln versetzen. Wegen weiterer Einzelheiten einer solchen Jacquardsteuerung mit piezoelektrischem Biegewandler sei auf die älteren deutschen Patentanmeldungen P 42 26 899, P 43 16 396, P 44 14 876 und P 44 18 714 der Anmelderin verwiesen.The laying needles 12 are fastened to carrier strips 54 of piezoelectric bending transducers 55, which in turn are fastened to a head strip 56. This is attached to the bar 11 with the aid of screws 57. Electrical lines 58 are connected to the control device 31. In this way, the laying needles 12 can be moved individually in the sense of a jacquard control. For further details of such a jacquard control with a piezoelectric bending transducer, reference is made to the applicant's older German patent applications P 42 26 899, P 43 16 396, P 44 14 876 and P 44 18 714.

Der in diesen Anmeldungen beschriebene Aufbau der piezoelektrischen Biegewandler läßt sich auch in entsprechender Weise für die Biegewandler 13 bis 15 nutzen. Dies gilt beispielsweise für die Anbringung eines zweiten Biegewandlers im Bereich der Verlängerung 43, der sich entgegengesetzt zum ersten Biegewandler krümmt. Durch den zweiten Biegewandler verlagert sich das untere Ende des streifenförmigen Trägers bei der Biegeverformung parallel zu sich. Die Beanspruchung des Trägers an der legebarrenseitigen Einspannstelle ist daher gering.The structure of the piezoelectric bending transducers described in these applications can also be used in a corresponding manner for the bending transducers 13 to 15. This applies, for example, to the attachment of a second bending transducer in the region of the extension 43, which curves in the opposite direction to the first bending transducer. The second bending transducer shifts the lower end of the strip-shaped support parallel to itself during the bending deformation. The load on the girder at the clamping point on the laying bar is therefore low.

In Fig. 8 ist der obere Teil eines abgewandelten Biegewandlers 59 veranschaulicht. Ein streifenförmiger Träger 60, der aus kohlefaserverstärktem Kunststoff besteht, also elektrisch leitend ist, trägt auf der einen Seite eine Schichtung aus einer Piezoelektrisch aktiven Schicht 61 mit einer äußeren Elektrode 62 und auf der anderen Seite eine Schichtung aus einer piezoelektrisch aktiven Schicht 63 und einer äußeren Elektrode 64. Die äußere Elektrode 62 ist mit der Steuersignalleitung 32, die äußere Elektrode 64 mit der Steuersignalleitung 33 und der elektrisch leitende Träger 60 mit Erde 34 verbunden. Ein solcher Biegewandler kann mit extrem leichtem Gewicht, trotzdem aber hoher Stabilität hergestellt werden.The upper part of a modified bending transducer 59 is illustrated in FIG. 8. A strip-shaped carrier 60, which consists of carbon fiber-reinforced plastic, that is to say is electrically conductive, carries on one side a layering of a piezoelectrically active layer 61 with an outer electrode 62 and on the other side a layering of a piezoelectrically active layer 63 and an outer layer Electrode 64. The outer electrode 62 is connected to the control signal line 32, the outer electrode 64 to the control signal line 33 and the electrically conductive carrier 60 to ground 34. Such a bending transducer can be manufactured with an extremely light weight, but nevertheless with high stability.

In vielen Fällen genügt es, wenn die Haltevorrichtung nur aus den Schwenkhebeln 19 besteht, die Halteschienen 16, 17, 18 also fortfallen.In many cases it is sufficient if the holding device consists only of the pivot levers 19, ie the holding rails 16, 17, 18 are omitted.

Claims (12)

Legebarrenanordnung für eine Kettenwirkmaschine, bei der die Legebarre mittels einer Versatzvorrichtung axial versetzbar und unter Zwischenschaltung einer Ausgleichsvorrichtung von einer axial feststehenden, vorzugsweise an einer Schwenkwelle befestigten Haltevorrichtung getragen ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Ausgleichsvorrichtung und Versatzvorrichtung durch Biegewandler (13, 14, 15) gebildet sind, die mit einem Ende an der Haltevorrichtung befestigt sind, mit dem anderen Ende die Legebarre (7, 8, 11) tragen und sich unter dem Einfluß eines Steuersignals (VDC) durch Biegung verformen.Laying bar arrangement for a warp knitting machine, in which the laying bar is axially displaceable by means of an offset device and, with the interposition of a compensating device, is carried by an axially fixed holding device, preferably fastened to a pivot shaft, characterized in that the compensating device and offset device are formed by bending transducers (13, 14, 15) are attached to the holding device at one end, carry the laying bar (7, 8, 11) at the other end and deform under the influence of a control signal (VDC) by bending. Anordnung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Haltevorrichtung an der Schwenkwelle (20) befestigte Hebel (19) und eine von diesen getragene Halteschiene (16, 17, 18) aufweist und daß die Biegewandler (13, 14, 15) über die Länge der Legebarre (7, 8, 11) verteilt angeordnet sind.Arrangement according to Claim 1, characterized in that the holding device has levers (19) fastened to the pivot shaft (20) and a holding rail (16, 17, 18) carried by them and in that the bending transducers (13, 14, 15) over the length the bar (7, 8, 11) are distributed. Anordnung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Biegewandler (13, 14, 15) zu Gruppen (22, 22a; 41) zusammengefaßt sind, die jeweils eine gemeinsame Kopfleiste (23; 42) zur Befestigung an der Haltevorrichtung und eine gemeinsame Fußleiste (24; 43) zur Befestigung an der Legebarre (8, 11) aufweisen.Arrangement according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the bending transducers (13, 14, 15) are combined into groups (22, 22a; 41), each having a common head strip (23; 42) for attachment to the holding device and a common one Have skirting board (24; 43) for attachment to the bar (8, 11). Anordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Biegewandler (13, 14, 15) piezoelektrische Biegewandler sind, die jeweils einen streifenförmigen, ein- oder beidseitig mit einer aktiven Schicht (47, 50; 61, 63) aus piezoelektrischem Material beschichteten Träger (45; 60) aufweisen.Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the bending transducers (13, 14, 15) are piezoelectric bending transducers, each of which is a strip-shaped one or both sides with an active layer (47, 50; 61, 63) made of piezoelectric Have material-coated carrier (45; 60). Anordnung nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der streifenförmige Träger (45) an seinem Fußende eine über die aktive Schicht (47, 50) hinausgehende Verlängerung (53) aufweist.Arrangement according to claim 4, characterized in that the strip-shaped carrier (45) has at its foot end an extension (53) which extends beyond the active layer (47, 50). Anordnung nach Anspruch 4 oder 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der streifenförmige Träger (60) aus Kohlefaser-Verbundwerkstoff besteht.Arrangement according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the strip-shaped carrier (60) consists of carbon fiber composite material. Anordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 4 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Biegewandler (13, 14, 15) aus einer Ruhestellung durch entsprechendes Anlegen einer Steuerspannung (VDC) wahlweise nach links oder rechts auslenkbar sind.Arrangement according to one of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that the bending transducers (13, 14, 15) can be deflected either to the left or to the right from a rest position by correspondingly applying a control voltage (VDC). Anordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 4 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der streifenförmige Träger (45) aus elektrisch isolierendem Material besteht und auf beiden Seiten jeweils eine Schichtung aus innerer Elektrode (46, 49), aktiver Schicht (47, 50) und äußerer Elektrode (48, 51) trägt, wobei den inneren Elektroden je eine Steuerspannung (VDC) zuführbar ist und die äußeren Elektroden geerdet sind.Arrangement according to one of claims 4 to 7, characterized in that the strip-shaped carrier (45) consists of electrically insulating material and a layering of the inner electrode (46, 49), active layer (47, 50) and outer electrode on both sides (48, 51), with the A control voltage (VDC) can be fed to the inner electrodes and the outer electrodes are grounded. Anordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 4 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine Versatz-Steuervorrichtung (31) vorgesehen ist, die die den Biegewandlern zuzuführende Steuerspannung (VDC) sowohl hinsichtlich Größe als auch Verlauf programmgeführt abgibt.Arrangement according to one of claims 4 to 8, characterized in that an offset control device (31) is provided which outputs the control voltage (VDC) to be supplied to the bending transducers in a program-controlled manner with respect to both size and profile. Anordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, gekennzeichnet durch Anschläge (35, 36) zur Begrenzung der Versatzbewegung der Legebarre (8).Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized by stops (35, 36) for limiting the offset movement of the laying bar (8). Anordnung nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Anschläge (35, 36) durch einen Stellmotor (37, 38) versetzbar sind.Arrangement according to claim 10, characterized in that the stops (35, 36) can be displaced by an actuator (37, 38). Anordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Legenadeln (12) unter Zwischenschaltung von piezoelektrischen Biegewandlern (55) von der Legebarre (11) getragen und einzeln unter dem Einfluß von Steuerspannungen verlagerbar sind.Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the laying needles (12) are carried by the laying bar (11) with the interposition of piezoelectric bending transducers (55) and can be individually displaced under the influence of control voltages.
EP95114498A 1994-10-05 1995-09-15 Guide bar device for a warp knitting machine Expired - Lifetime EP0705930B1 (en)

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DE4435562A DE4435562C2 (en) 1994-10-05 1994-10-05 Laying bar arrangement for a warp knitting machine
DE4435562 1994-10-05

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EP2636781A1 (en) * 2012-03-09 2013-09-11 Karl Mayer Textilmaschinenfabrik GmbH Guide bar of a knitting machine

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN1050870C (en) 2000-03-29
DE4435562C2 (en) 1998-12-17
CN1131711A (en) 1996-09-25
US5542270A (en) 1996-08-06
JP2592590B2 (en) 1997-03-19
ES2124946T3 (en) 1999-02-16
KR960014450A (en) 1996-05-22
DE59504481D1 (en) 1999-01-21
JPH08109555A (en) 1996-04-30
DE4435562A1 (en) 1996-04-11
EP0705930B1 (en) 1998-12-09
KR0136676B1 (en) 1998-04-28
TW359700B (en) 1999-06-01

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