EP3910101B1 - Method for maintaining a warp knitting machine - Google Patents

Method for maintaining a warp knitting machine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3910101B1
EP3910101B1 EP20174572.6A EP20174572A EP3910101B1 EP 3910101 B1 EP3910101 B1 EP 3910101B1 EP 20174572 A EP20174572 A EP 20174572A EP 3910101 B1 EP3910101 B1 EP 3910101B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
determined
bending
bending transducer
characteristic variable
transducers
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EP20174572.6A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3910101A1 (en
Inventor
Markus Maier
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Karl Mayer Stoll R&D GmbH
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Karl Mayer Stoll R&D GmbH
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Priority to EP20174572.6A priority Critical patent/EP3910101B1/en
Priority to CN202110345326.8A priority patent/CN113668136B/en
Priority to TW110114989A priority patent/TWI811669B/en
Priority to KR1020210061514A priority patent/KR102582937B1/en
Publication of EP3910101A1 publication Critical patent/EP3910101A1/en
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04B—KNITTING
    • D04B27/00—Details of, or auxiliary devices incorporated in, warp knitting machines, restricted to machines of this kind
    • D04B27/10—Devices for supplying, feeding, or guiding threads to needles
    • D04B27/24—Thread guide bar assemblies
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04B—KNITTING
    • D04B35/00—Details of, or auxiliary devices incorporated in, knitting machines, not otherwise provided for
    • D04B35/10—Indicating, warning, or safety devices, e.g. stop motions
    • D04B35/18—Indicating, warning, or safety devices, e.g. stop motions responsive to breakage, misplacement, or malfunctioning of knitting instruments
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04B—KNITTING
    • D04B27/00—Details of, or auxiliary devices incorporated in, warp knitting machines, restricted to machines of this kind
    • D04B27/10—Devices for supplying, feeding, or guiding threads to needles
    • D04B27/24—Thread guide bar assemblies
    • D04B27/32—Thread guide bar assemblies with independently-movable thread guides controlled by Jacquard mechanisms
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04B—KNITTING
    • D04B37/00—Auxiliary apparatus or devices for use with knitting machines
    • D04B37/06—Auxiliary apparatus or devices for use with knitting machines with warp knitting machines

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for maintaining a warp knitting machine with at least one bar that has piezoelectric bending transducers to which knitting tools are attached.
  • DE 196 13 385 A1 describes a warp knitting machine with a guide bar which has piezoelectric bending transducers on which knitting tools are attached.
  • a bus line is provided, via which the bending transducers can be individually addressed.
  • EP 1 577 527 A1 describes a method for determining defective actuators of an internal combustion engine, in which a mean value of a measured variable of all actuators of a type present on the cylinders of the internal combustion engine is determined. In addition, upper and lower limit values are formed. If an individual value of the measured variable exceeds one of the two limit values, then the method recognizes this actuator as faulty or defective.
  • the object of the invention is to enable a high productivity of a warp knitting machine.
  • This object is achieved with a method of the type mentioned at the outset in that at least one electrical parameter of the bending transducers is repeatedly determined in the installed state and compared with at least one predetermined limit value.
  • the invention is described below using a bar in which the knitting tools are in the form of guide needles.
  • a bar can also be referred to as a jacquard bar.
  • jacquard bars makes it possible to create patterned warp knits.
  • the guide needles are pivoted against the movement of the bar, for example, so that the corresponding guide needles do not form a stitch. Other movements are possible.
  • the bending transducers can remain installed in the bar when the parameter is determined, the effort involved in determining the parameter is relatively small. If you determine the parameter repeatedly, you can determine whether and, if so, how a bending transducer changes. If the change exceeds a critical level, the bending transducer can be replaced accordingly. Because you can see how the size changes, you can plan this replacement so that you can make the replacement when the warp knitting machine is not in use anyway.
  • nominal voltage is applied to the bending transducer in the neutral position and the parameter is determined in the process. If nominal voltage is applied to the bending transducer, electrical quantities that are present in the warp knitting machine in any case can be used. It is therefore not necessary to carry out a small-signal measurement with a low voltage, for example 12 V, but can work with a higher voltage, for example 200 V, so that the parameter corresponds to the operating conditions. The parameters can thus be determined under real conditions.
  • the parameter is preferably determined from a current curve at the bending transducer, which results after the application of a voltage square-wave signal.
  • a voltage square-wave signal can be generated relatively easily. The evaluation of the current curve is possible with little effort.
  • the bending transducer can be modeled as a series circuit made up of an ideal capacitor and an ohmic resistor. If you now compare the current flow in such an ideal circuit with the real current flow, you can you can determine to what extent the bending transducer can still fulfill its intended task.
  • Parameters that have been determined at different points in time are preferably stored, with the stored parameters being compared with a model and a service life estimate and/or a maintenance suggestion being determined from the comparison.
  • the quality of the respective bending transducer can be deduced from the time course of the parameter, which results from the stored parameters.
  • the parameter is preferably determined when the warp knitting machine is at a standstill or when it is started. If, for example, the parameter is determined each time the warp knitting machine is started, the determination can be automated so that the time profile of the parameter can be reliably recorded in repeated measurements.
  • the at least one parameter of a group of piezoelectric bending transducers is determined first and the parameter of an individual piezoelectric bending transducer is only determined if the parameter of the group shows a deviation from a predetermined limit value that exceeds a predetermined level.
  • This is particularly advantageous when determining the parameter requires a certain amount of time. This is the case, for example, when determining a leakage current.
  • intervention is only required if, for example, the sum of the leakage currents exceeds a predetermined level. In this case, one must assume that at least one of the bending transducers is defective.
  • At least one of the following variables of the bending transducer is preferably determined: capacitance, series resistance, ceramic leakage current, insulation leakage current, switching time, bounce time and/or bounce amplitude. As a rule, it will be sufficient to determine one or two of these quantities. In many cases, however, it is also possible to determine several variables with little effort. From these variables, one can then reliably infer the state of the bending transducer.
  • the parameters of several bending transducers of the warp knitting machine of the same type are preferably compared with one another.
  • the bending transducers of the warp knitting machine of the same type should also behave in the same way. If a bending transducer deviates from the behavior of the other bending transducers, which can be determined by determining the respective parameter, then it is a sign that the bending transducer in question is defective or is at least heading towards a defect.
  • a bar is preferably used in which there are several segments with bending transducers, and the parameter is determined in parallel for the segments. This saves time. All segments can be checked simultaneously, so to speak. This also keeps the control effort low. All segments can be driven with the same voltage pulses, for example.
  • the characteristic variable of the bending transducers it is preferable for the characteristic variable of the bending transducers to be determined in at least one segment in succession.
  • a segment can have 16 or 32 bending transducers, for example. These bending transducers are then checked individually.
  • At least one bending transducer is preferably deflected in two opposite directions. So you can check the two directions of movement of the bending transducer.
  • a time is preferably determined which the bending transducer requires in order to move the knitting tool from the neutral position into a working position.
  • the knitting tool in particular a guide needle, can be in the neutral position at the start of the check, for example, and can reach a stop after being subjected to the above-mentioned voltage pulse. Both the beginning of a movement and the reaching of the stop can be detected, for example, by observing the course of the current.
  • the knitting tool To operate the warp knitting machine, the knitting tool must be able to move from the neutral position to the working position within a specified time. If the bending transducer is no longer able to move the knitting tool in the specified manner in the specified time, then it must be replaced. As a rule, it becomes apparent that a bending transducer is slowing down, so that measures can be taken to replace the corresponding bending transducer or a corresponding segment even before functional inoperability is reached.
  • FIG. 1 1 schematically shows a bar 1 in the form of a jacquard guide bar with a body 2 which can be moved back and forth in the direction of a double arrow 3 .
  • a segment 4 with several knitting tools 5 in the form of guide needles is arranged on the body 2 .
  • Each knitting tool 5 is connected via a piezoelectric bending transducer 6 from 1 shown neutral position against a left stop 7 or against a right stop 8 movable.
  • a left stop 7 of a knitting tool 5 can be a right stop 8 of an adjacent knitting tool 5 .
  • the bar 1 is moved by one needle division to the right, but at the same time the bending converter 6 moves the knitting tool 5 to the left stop 7, then, if the knitting tool 5 is designed as a guide needle, the position of a thread guide eyelet 9 of the guide needle has changed Not changed with respect to a knitting needle, not shown in detail, so that a thread guided by the guide needle in question does not form a stitch.
  • the mode of operation of such a jacquard guide bar is known per se and is therefore not explained further.
  • the segment is shown with four knitting tools 5 and correspondingly four bending transducers 6 .
  • a segment 4 usually has 16 or 32 knitting tools 5 with corresponding bending transducers 6 .
  • the bending transducers 6 When the bending transducers 6 are actuated, they are bent in order to displace the knitting tools 5. This has a negative effect on the service life.
  • the bending transducers are ceramic elements. Repeated deformation can cause cracks or other damage in the ceramic elements. Such damage can result in the force that the bending transducer 6 can generate decreasing. This can mean, for example, that the knitting tools 5 can no longer be moved at the necessary speed.
  • a lame needle can lead to defects in the knitted fabric or collisions of knitting tools. A knitted fabric with defects is usually unusable and must be discarded. When knitting tools collide, not only does damage occur to the knitting tools, but the warp knitting machine must also be shut down in order to repair it.
  • At least one electrical parameter of the bending transducers 6 is repeatedly determined, this determination being able to take place when the bending transducers 6 are installed, so that no complex conversion or expansion measures are required for the determination.
  • the bending transducers 6 are connected to a machine control.
  • the machine control can be used to determine the parameter or parameters.
  • the parameter is determined when the warp knitting machine is at a standstill or when it is started. If the parameter is determined when the warp knitting machine is started, there is a small non-critical delay in terms of time.
  • the parameter is determined when the bending transducers 6 are in a state in which the knitting tools 5 are in the neutral position. In this state, the bending transducer 6 is free from external mechanical stresses.
  • the bending transducer 6 is subjected to nominal voltage in order to determine the parameter. It is therefore possible to use the same voltage that is also used to control the bending transducer 6 during operation.
  • a bending transducer can be represented electrically by a series connection of a capacitor and an ohmic resistor.
  • the parameter can therefore be determined, for example, by recharging a capacitor, which has a known charge, onto the bender 6 and checking whether a voltage is then set on the tested bender that would be set with a voltage divider that having previously charged capacitor and the bending transducer.
  • the parameter is determined not just once, but rather repeatedly and the parameters determined at different points in time are stored.
  • a progression can be determined from the sequence of parameters determined in this way, which have been saved, and an estimate of the service life can be made on the basis of the progression, or a maintenance suggestion can be made.
  • a switching time, a bounce time and/or a bounce amplitude can also be determined.
  • the switching time is a period of time that elapses between the moment a voltage is applied to the bending transducer and the start of a movement.
  • the bounce time is the time at which the knitting tool 5 hits one of the stops 7, 8.
  • the bounce amplitude is the amplitude that results from the springing back of the knitting tool 5 from one of the stops 7 , 8 .
  • the horizontal axis represents the time in milliseconds.
  • the path of the thread guide eyelet 9 of the knitting tool 5 on the one hand and the current consumed by the bending transducer 6 on the other hand are indicated in milliamperes at the top.
  • the current consumed by the bending transducer which is shown in a curve 10, is determined.
  • An ideal current profile is determined, which is represented by a curve 11 and can be represented as the current profile of an ideal component, namely a series connection of ohmic resistance and capacitance.
  • the curve 11 can also be determined from a curve fitting. The electrical characteristics, capacitance, series resistance and leakage current can already be calculated from the parameters of the curve fitting.
  • a curve 15 is drawn in, which represents the path of the thread guide eyelet 9 of the knitting tool 5, i.e. the deflection of the bending transducer 6.
  • a local minimum 16 and a local maximum 17 result here.
  • the difference is 14 ( Curve 12) smallest.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Knitting Machines (AREA)
  • Knitting Of Fabric (AREA)

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Wartung einer Kettenwirkmaschine mit mindestens einer Barre, die piezo-elektrische Biegewandler aufweist, an denen Wirkwerkzeuge befestigt sind.The present invention relates to a method for maintaining a warp knitting machine with at least one bar that has piezoelectric bending transducers to which knitting tools are attached.

Ein derartiges Verfahren ist aus DE 44 18 714 C1 bekannt. Defekte Biegewandler können bei der Wartung ausgetauscht werden.Such a procedure is out DE 44 18 714 C1 known. Defective bending transducers can be replaced during maintenance.

Durch Alterung und Defekte der piezo-elektrischen Biegewandler kann es bei der Produktion von Wirkwaren im Laufe der Zeit zu Legungsfehlern oder sogar zu Kollisionen kommen, die zu aufwändigen Reparaturen führen können. In diesem Fall muss die Kettenwirkmaschine außerplanmäßig stillgesetzt werden und die entsprechenden Biegewandler müssen ersetzt werden. Dies führt zu ungewollten Produktionsausfällen.Aging and defects in the piezoelectric bending transducers can lead to incorrect placement or even collisions in the production of knitted goods over time, which can lead to costly repairs. In this case, the warp knitting machine has to be shut down unscheduled and the corresponding bending converters have to be replaced. This leads to unwanted production losses.

DE 196 13 385 A1 beschreibt eine Kettenwirkmaschine mit einer Legebarre, die piezoelektrische Biegewandler aufweist, an denen Wirkwerkzeuge befestigt sind. Um die piezoelektrischen Biegewandler anzusteuern, ist eine Busleitung vorgesehen, über die die Biegewandler einzeln adressiert werden können. DE 196 13 385 A1 describes a warp knitting machine with a guide bar which has piezoelectric bending transducers on which knitting tools are attached. In order to control the piezoelectric bending transducers, a bus line is provided, via which the bending transducers can be individually addressed.

Eine weitere Kettenwirkmaschine mit Jacquard-Steuerung ist aus EP 0 583 631 A1 bekannt.Another warp knitting machine with jacquard control is out EP 0 583 631 A1 known.

EP 1 577 527 A1 beschreibt ein Verfahren zur Bestimmung von defekten Aktoren einer Brennkraftmaschine, bei der ein Mittelwert einer Messgröße aller an den Zylindern der Brennkraftmaschine vorhandenen Aktoren einer Art bestimmt wird. Außerdem werden obere und untere Grenzwerte gebildet. Wenn ein Einzelwert der Messgröße einen der beiden Grenzwerte überschreitet, dann erkennt das Verfahren diesen Aktor als fehlerhaft oder defekt. EP 1 577 527 A1 describes a method for determining defective actuators of an internal combustion engine, in which a mean value of a measured variable of all actuators of a type present on the cylinders of the internal combustion engine is determined. In addition, upper and lower limit values are formed. If an individual value of the measured variable exceeds one of the two limit values, then the method recognizes this actuator as faulty or defective.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine hohe Produktivität einer Kettenwirkmaschine zu ermöglichen.The object of the invention is to enable a high productivity of a warp knitting machine.

Diese Aufgabe wird mit einem Verfahren der eingangs genannten Art dadurch gelöst, dass man zumindest eine elektrische Kenngröße der Biegewandler im eingebauten Zustand wiederholt ermittelt und mit mindestens einem vorgegebenen Grenzwert vergleicht.This object is achieved with a method of the type mentioned at the outset in that at least one electrical parameter of the bending transducers is repeatedly determined in the installed state and compared with at least one predetermined limit value.

Die Erfindung wird im Folgenden anhand einer Barre beschrieben, bei der die Wirkwerkzeuge die Form von Legenadeln haben. Eine derartige Barre kann auch als Jacquard-Barre bezeichnet werden. Sie ist jedoch auch bei anderen Wirkwerkzeugen anwendbar. Die Verwendung von Jacquard-Barren ermöglicht es, gemusterte Kettenwirkwaren herzustellen. Um die Muster zu erzeugen, werden die Legenadeln beispielsweise entgegen der Bewegung der Barre verschwenkt, so dass die entsprechenden Legenadeln keine Masche bilden. Andere Bewegungen sind möglich.The invention is described below using a bar in which the knitting tools are in the form of guide needles. Such a bar can also be referred to as a jacquard bar. However, it can also be used with other knitting tools. The use of jacquard bars makes it possible to create patterned warp knits. In order to create the pattern, the guide needles are pivoted against the movement of the bar, for example, so that the corresponding guide needles do not form a stitch. Other movements are possible.

Da die Biegewandler in der Barre eingebaut bleiben können, wenn man die Kenngröße ermittelt, ist der Aufwand zum Ermitteln der Kenngröße relativ gering. Wenn man die Kenngröße wiederholt ermittelt, kann man feststellen, ob und ggfs. wie sich ein Biegewandler verändert. Wenn die Veränderung ein kritisches Maß überschreitet, kann man dementsprechend den Biegewandler austauschen. Da man erkennen kann, wie sich die Größe verändert, kann man diesen Austausch planen, so dass man den Austausch dann vornehmen kann, wenn die Kettenwirkmaschine ohnehin nicht in Betrieb ist.Since the bending transducers can remain installed in the bar when the parameter is determined, the effort involved in determining the parameter is relatively small. If you determine the parameter repeatedly, you can determine whether and, if so, how a bending transducer changes. If the change exceeds a critical level, the bending transducer can be replaced accordingly. Because you can see how the size changes, you can plan this replacement so that you can make the replacement when the warp knitting machine is not in use anyway.

Vorzugsweise beaufschlagt man den Biegewandler in Neutralstellung mit Nennspannung und ermittelt dabei die Kenngröße. Wenn man den Biegewandler mit Nennspannung beaufschlagt, kann man elektrische Größen verwenden, die in der Kettenwirkmaschine ohnehin vorhanden sind. Man muss also keine Kleinsignal-Messung mit einer niedrigen Spannung, beispielsweise 12 V, vornehmen, sondern kann mit einer höheren Spannung, beispielsweise 200 V, arbeiten, so dass die Kenngröße den Bedingungen im Betrieb entspricht. Die Kenngrößen können damit unter realen Bedingungen ermittelt werden.Preferably, nominal voltage is applied to the bending transducer in the neutral position and the parameter is determined in the process. If nominal voltage is applied to the bending transducer, electrical quantities that are present in the warp knitting machine in any case can be used. It is therefore not necessary to carry out a small-signal measurement with a low voltage, for example 12 V, but can work with a higher voltage, for example 200 V, so that the parameter corresponds to the operating conditions. The parameters can thus be determined under real conditions.

Vorzugsweise ermittelt man die Kenngröße aus einem Stromverlauf am Biegewandler, der sich nach Beaufschlagung mit einem Spannungs-Rechtecksignal ergibt. Ein derartiges Rechtecksignal lässt sich relativ einfach erzeugen. Die Auswertung des Stromverlaufs ist mit einem geringen Aufwand möglich.The parameter is preferably determined from a current curve at the bending transducer, which results after the application of a voltage square-wave signal. Such a square-wave signal can be generated relatively easily. The evaluation of the current curve is possible with little effort.

Hierbei ist bevorzugt, dass man eine Differenz aus dem Stromverlauf am Biegewandler und einem idealen Stromverlauf an einer Reihenschaltung aus einem Kondensator und einem Ohm'schen Widerstand bildet. Der Biegewandler lässt sich im Idealfall als eine Reihenschaltung aus einem idealen Kondensator und einem Ohm'schen Widerstand nachbilden. Wenn man nun den Stromverlauf an einer derartigen idealen Schaltung mit dem realen Stromverlauf vergleicht, kann man feststellen, inwieweit der Biegewandler noch seine bestimmungsgemäße Aufgabe erfüllen kann.In this case, it is preferable for a difference to be formed between the current curve at the bending transducer and an ideal current curve in a series connection made up of a capacitor and an ohmic resistor. Ideally, the bending transducer can be modeled as a series circuit made up of an ideal capacitor and an ohmic resistor. If you now compare the current flow in such an ideal circuit with the real current flow, you can you can determine to what extent the bending transducer can still fulfill its intended task.

Vorzugsweise speichert man Kenngrößen, die zu verschiedenen Zeitpunkten ermittelt worden sind, wobei man die gespeicherten Kenngrößen mit einem Modell vergleicht und aus dem Vergleich eine Lebensdauerabschätzung und/oder einen Wartungsvorschlag ermittelt. Aus dem zeitlichen Verlauf der Kenngröße, der sich aus den gespeicherten Kenngrößen ergibt, lässt sich auf die Qualität des jeweiligen Biegewandlers schließen.Parameters that have been determined at different points in time are preferably stored, with the stored parameters being compared with a model and a service life estimate and/or a maintenance suggestion being determined from the comparison. The quality of the respective bending transducer can be deduced from the time course of the parameter, which results from the stored parameters.

Vorzugsweise ermittelt man die Kenngröße im Stillstand oder beim Starten der Kettenwirkmaschine. Wenn man beispielsweise bei jedem Start der Kettenwirkmaschine die Kenngröße ermittelt, dann kann man die Ermittlung automatisieren, so dass man zuverlässig den zeitlichen Verlauf der Kenngröße in wiederholten Messungen erfassen kann.The parameter is preferably determined when the warp knitting machine is at a standstill or when it is started. If, for example, the parameter is determined each time the warp knitting machine is started, the determination can be automated so that the time profile of the parameter can be reliably recorded in repeated measurements.

Bevorzugterweise ermittelt man zuerst die mindestens eine Kenngröße einer Gruppe von piezo-elektrischen Biegewandlern und ermittelt nur dann die Kenngröße eines einzelnen piezo-elektrischen Biegewandlers, wenn sich in der Kenngröße der Gruppe eine Abweichung von einem vorbestimmten Grenzwert ergibt, die ein vorbestimmtes Maß überschreitet. Dies ist insbesondere dann von Vorteil, wenn die Ermittlung der Kenngröße eine gewisse Zeit benötigt. Dies ist beispielsweise bei der Ermittlung eines Leckstroms der Fall. Wenn man eine Gruppe von piezo-elektrischen Biegewandlern überprüft, dann ist ein Eingriff nur dann erforderlich, wenn beispielsweise die Summe der Leckströme ein vorbestimmtes Maß überschreitet. In diesem Fall muss man davon ausgehen, dass mindestens einer der Biegewandler defekt ist.Preferably, the at least one parameter of a group of piezoelectric bending transducers is determined first and the parameter of an individual piezoelectric bending transducer is only determined if the parameter of the group shows a deviation from a predetermined limit value that exceeds a predetermined level. This is particularly advantageous when determining the parameter requires a certain amount of time. This is the case, for example, when determining a leakage current. When checking a group of piezoelectric bending transducers, intervention is only required if, for example, the sum of the leakage currents exceeds a predetermined level. In this case, one must assume that at least one of the bending transducers is defective.

Vorzugsweise ermittelt man mindestens eine der folgenden Größen des Biegewandlers: Kapazität, Reihenwiderstand, Keramik-Leckstrom, Isolations-Leckstrom, Schaltzeit, Prellzeit und/oder Prellamplitude. In der Regel wird es ausreichen, eine oder zwei dieser Größen zu ermitteln. In vielen Fällen lässt sich aber mit einem geringen Aufwand auch eine Ermittlung von mehreren Größen vornehmen. Aus diesen Größen kann man dann zuverlässig auf den Zustand des Biegewandlers schließen.At least one of the following variables of the bending transducer is preferably determined: capacitance, series resistance, ceramic leakage current, insulation leakage current, switching time, bounce time and/or bounce amplitude. As a rule, it will be sufficient to determine one or two of these quantities. In many cases, however, it is also possible to determine several variables with little effort. From these variables, one can then reliably infer the state of the bending transducer.

Vorzugsweise vergleicht man die Kenngrößen von mehreren gleichartigen Biegewandlern der Kettenwirkmaschine miteinander. Die gleichartigen Biegewandler der Kettenwirkmaschine sollten sich an und für sich auch gleichartig verhalten. Wenn ein Biegewandler von dem Verhalten der anderen Biegewandler abweicht, was man durch Ermittlung der jeweiligen Kenngröße feststellen kann, dann ist es ein Zeichen dafür, dass der betreffende Biegewandler defekt ist oder zumindest auf einen Defekt zusteuert.The parameters of several bending transducers of the warp knitting machine of the same type are preferably compared with one another. The bending transducers of the warp knitting machine of the same type should also behave in the same way. If a bending transducer deviates from the behavior of the other bending transducers, which can be determined by determining the respective parameter, then it is a sign that the bending transducer in question is defective or is at least heading towards a defect.

Vorzugsweise verwendet man eine Barre, bei der mehrere Segmente mit Biegewandlern vorhanden sind und nimmt die Ermittlung der Kenngröße bei den Segmenten parallel vor. Dies spart Zeit. Alle Segmente können sozusagen gleichzeitig überprüft werden. Dies hält auch den Steuerungsaufwand gering. Alle Segmente können beispielsweise mit den gleichen Spannungsimpulsen angesteuert werden.A bar is preferably used in which there are several segments with bending transducers, and the parameter is determined in parallel for the segments. This saves time. All segments can be checked simultaneously, so to speak. This also keeps the control effort low. All segments can be driven with the same voltage pulses, for example.

Hierbei ist bevorzugt, dass man die Ermittlung der Kenngröße der Biegewandler in mindestens einem Segment nacheinander vornimmt. Ein Segment kann beispielsweise 16 oder 32 Biegewandler aufweisen. Diese Biegewandler werden dann einzeln überprüft.In this case, it is preferable for the characteristic variable of the bending transducers to be determined in at least one segment in succession. A segment can have 16 or 32 bending transducers, for example. These bending transducers are then checked individually.

Vorzugsweise lenkt man mindestens einen Biegewandler in zwei entgegengesetzte Richtungen aus. Man kann also die beiden Bewegungsrichtungen des Biegewandlers überprüfen.At least one bending transducer is preferably deflected in two opposite directions. So you can check the two directions of movement of the bending transducer.

Bevorzugterweise ermittelt man eine Zeit, die der Biegewandler benötigt, um das Wirkwerkzeug aus der Neutralstellung in eine Arbeitsstellung zu bewegen. Das Wirkwerkzeug, insbesondere eine Legenadel, kann sich beispielsweise zu Beginn der Überprüfung in der Neutralstellung befinden und nach dem Beaufschlagen mit dem oben erwähnten Spannungsimpuls einen Anschlag erreichen. Sowohl den Beginn einer Bewegung als auch das Erreichen des Anschlags kann man beispielsweise durch Beobachten des Stromverlaufs erfassen. Für den Betrieb der Kettenwirkmaschine muss sich das Wirkwerkzeug innerhalb einer vorgegebenen Zeit von der Neutralstellung in die Arbeitsstellung bewegen können. Wenn der Biegewandler nicht mehr in der Lage ist, das Wirkwerkzeug in der vorgegebenen Zeit in entsprechender Weise zu bewegen, dann muss er ausgetauscht werden. In der Regel zeichnet sich bei einem Biegewandler ab, dass er langsamer wird, so dass man schon vor dem Erreichen einer Funktionsunfähigkeit Maßnahmen treffen kann, um den entsprechenden Biegewandler oder ein entsprechendes Segment auszutauschen.A time is preferably determined which the bending transducer requires in order to move the knitting tool from the neutral position into a working position. The knitting tool, in particular a guide needle, can be in the neutral position at the start of the check, for example, and can reach a stop after being subjected to the above-mentioned voltage pulse. Both the beginning of a movement and the reaching of the stop can be detected, for example, by observing the course of the current. To operate the warp knitting machine, the knitting tool must be able to move from the neutral position to the working position within a specified time. If the bending transducer is no longer able to move the knitting tool in the specified manner in the specified time, then it must be replaced. As a rule, it becomes apparent that a bending transducer is slowing down, so that measures can be taken to replace the corresponding bending transducer or a corresponding segment even before functional inoperability is reached.

Die Erfindung wird anhand eines bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiels in Verbindung mit der Zeichnung beschrieben. Hierin zeigen:

Fig. 1
eine stark schematisierte Darstellung einer Barre in Form einer Jacquard-Legebarre und
Fig. 2
verschiedene Kurven zur Ermittlung einer oder mehrerer Kenngrößen.
The invention is described using a preferred embodiment in conjunction with the drawing. Show in it:
1
a highly schematized representation of a bar in the form of a jacquard guide bar and
2
various curves to determine one or more parameters.

Fig. 1 zeigt schematisch eine Barre 1 in Form einer Jacquard-Legebarre mit einem Korpus 2, der in Richtung eines Doppelpfeils 3 hin und her bewegbar ist. An dem Korpus 2 ist ein Segment 4 mit mehreren Wirkwerkzeugen 5 in Form von Legenadeln angeordnet. Jedes Wirkwerkzeug 5 ist über einen piezo-elektrischen Biegewandler 6 aus der in Fig. 1 dargestellten Neutralposition gegen einen linken Anschlag 7 oder gegen einen rechten Anschlag 8 bewegbar. Ein linker Anschlag 7 eines Wirkwerkzeugs 5 kann ein rechter Anschlag 8 eines benachbarten Wirkwerkzeugs 5 sein. 1 1 schematically shows a bar 1 in the form of a jacquard guide bar with a body 2 which can be moved back and forth in the direction of a double arrow 3 . A segment 4 with several knitting tools 5 in the form of guide needles is arranged on the body 2 . Each knitting tool 5 is connected via a piezoelectric bending transducer 6 from 1 shown neutral position against a left stop 7 or against a right stop 8 movable. A left stop 7 of a knitting tool 5 can be a right stop 8 of an adjacent knitting tool 5 .

Wenn im Betrieb die Barre 1 um eine Nadelteilung nach rechts bewegt wird, gleichzeitig aber der Biegewandler 6 das Wirkwerkzeug 5 an den linken Anschlag 7 bewegt, dann hat sich, wenn das Wirkwerkzeug 5 als Legenadel ausgebildet ist, die Position einer Fadenführeröse 9 der Legenadel in Bezug auf eine nicht näher dargestellte Wirknadel nicht verändert, so dass ein von der betreffenden Legenadel geführte Faden keine Masche bildet. Die Betriebsweise einer derartigen Jacquard-Legebarre an sich ist bekannt und wird daher nicht weiter erläutert.If, during operation, the bar 1 is moved by one needle division to the right, but at the same time the bending converter 6 moves the knitting tool 5 to the left stop 7, then, if the knitting tool 5 is designed as a guide needle, the position of a thread guide eyelet 9 of the guide needle has changed Not changed with respect to a knitting needle, not shown in detail, so that a thread guided by the guide needle in question does not form a stitch. The mode of operation of such a jacquard guide bar is known per se and is therefore not explained further.

Im vorliegenden Beispiel ist das Segment mit vier Wirkwerkzeugen 5 und entsprechend vier Biegewandlern 6 dargestellt. Üblicherweise weist ein Segment 4 aber 16 oder 32 Wirkwerkzeuge 5 mit entsprechenden Biegewandlern 6 auf.In the present example, the segment is shown with four knitting tools 5 and correspondingly four bending transducers 6 . However, a segment 4 usually has 16 or 32 knitting tools 5 with corresponding bending transducers 6 .

Wenn die Biegewandler 6 betätigt werden, dann werden sie verbogen, um die Wirkwerkzeuge 5 zu verlagern. Dies wirkt sich negativ auf die Lebensdauer aus. Die Biegewandler sind in vielen Fällen keramische Elemente. Durch eine wiederholte Verformung können Risse oder andere Beschädigungen in den keramischen Elementen entstehen. Derartige Beschädigungen können dazu führen, dass die Kraft, die der Biegewandler 6 erzeugen kann, abnimmt. Dies kann beispielsweise dazu führen, dass die Wirkwerkzeuge 5 nicht mehr mit der notwendigen Geschwindigkeit bewegt werden kann. Im Fachjargon spricht man von einer "lahmen Nadel". Eine lahme Nadel kann zu Fehlern in der Wirkware oder zu Kollisionen von Wirkwerkzeugen führen. Eine Wirkware mit Fehlern ist in der Regel nicht brauchbar und muss ausgesondert werden. Bei der Kollision von Wirkwerkzeugen entstehen nicht nur Schäden an den Wirkwerkzeugen, sondern die Kettenwirkmaschine muss auch stillgesetzt werden, um sie zu reparieren. Auch dies führt zu Produktionsausfällen. Um derartige Vorkommnisse zu vermeiden, ermittelt man wiederholt mindestens eine elektrische Kenngröße der Biegewandler 6, wobei diese Ermittlung im eingebauten Zustand der Biegewandler 6 erfolgen kann, so dass für die Ermittlung keine aufwändigen Um- oder Ausbaumaßnahmen erforderlich sind.When the bending transducers 6 are actuated, they are bent in order to displace the knitting tools 5. This has a negative effect on the service life. In many cases, the bending transducers are ceramic elements. Repeated deformation can cause cracks or other damage in the ceramic elements. Such damage can result in the force that the bending transducer 6 can generate decreasing. This can mean, for example, that the knitting tools 5 can no longer be moved at the necessary speed. In technical jargon one speaks of one "lame needle". A lame needle can lead to defects in the knitted fabric or collisions of knitting tools. A knitted fabric with defects is usually unusable and must be discarded. When knitting tools collide, not only does damage occur to the knitting tools, but the warp knitting machine must also be shut down in order to repair it. This also leads to production losses. In order to avoid such occurrences, at least one electrical parameter of the bending transducers 6 is repeatedly determined, this determination being able to take place when the bending transducers 6 are installed, so that no complex conversion or expansion measures are required for the determination.

Die Biegewandler 6 sind mit einer Maschinensteuerung verbunden. Die Maschinensteuerung kann verwendet werden, um die Kenngröße oder die Kenngrößen zu ermitteln.The bending transducers 6 are connected to a machine control. The machine control can be used to determine the parameter or parameters.

Die Ermittlung der Kenngröße erfolgt im Stillstand der Kettenwirkmaschine oder beim Starten. Wenn man die Kenngröße beim Starten der Kettenwirkmaschine ermittelt, ergibt sich eine kleine zeitlich unkritische Verzögerung.The parameter is determined when the warp knitting machine is at a standstill or when it is started. If the parameter is determined when the warp knitting machine is started, there is a small non-critical delay in terms of time.

Die Ermittlung der Kenngröße erfolgt in einem Zustand der Biegewandler 6, in dem sich die Wirkwerkzeuge 5 in der Neutralstellung befindet. Der Biegewandler 6 ist in diesem Zustand frei von äußeren mechanischen Spannungen.The parameter is determined when the bending transducers 6 are in a state in which the knitting tools 5 are in the neutral position. In this state, the bending transducer 6 is free from external mechanical stresses.

Der Biegewandler 6 wird zur Ermittlung der Kenngröße mit Nennspannung beaufschlagt. Man kann also die gleiche Spannung verwenden, die man auch im Betrieb zum Ansteuern des Biegewandlers 6 verwendet.The bending transducer 6 is subjected to nominal voltage in order to determine the parameter. It is therefore possible to use the same voltage that is also used to control the bending transducer 6 during operation.

Zweckmäßigerweise geht man dabei so vor, dass man alle Segmente 4, die an der Barre 1 angeordnet sind, gleichzeitig beaufschlagt. Die Biegewandler 6 eines Segments 4 können dann nacheinander abgearbeitet werden, d.h. man ermittelt die Kenngröße eines jeden Biegewandlers 6 eines Segments 4 in aufeinanderfolgenden Schritten.Appropriately, one proceeds in such a way that all segments 4, which are arranged on the bar 1, are acted upon at the same time. The bending transducers 6 of a segment 4 can then be processed one after the other, ie they can be determined the parameter of each bending transducer 6 of a segment 4 in successive steps.

Ein Biegewandler lässt sich elektrisch durch eine Reihenschaltung aus einem Kondensator und einem Ohm'schen Widerstand darstellen. Man kann daher die Kenngröße beispielsweise so ermitteln, dass man einen Kondensator, der eine bekannte Ladung aufweist, auf den Biegewandler 6 umlädt und dabei überprüft, ob sich dann an dem überprüften Biegewandler eine Spannung einstellt, die sich bei einem Spannungsteiler einstellen würde, der den zuvor aufgeladenen Kondensator und den Biegewandler aufweist.A bending transducer can be represented electrically by a series connection of a capacitor and an ohmic resistor. The parameter can therefore be determined, for example, by recharging a capacitor, which has a known charge, onto the bender 6 and checking whether a voltage is then set on the tested bender that would be set with a voltage divider that having previously charged capacitor and the bending transducer.

Bevorzugterweise ermittelt man die Kenngröße nicht nur einmal, sondern wiederholt und speichert die zu verschiedenen Zeitpunkten ermittelten Kenngrößen. Aus der Abfolge der so ermittelten Kenngrößen, die man gespeichert hat, kann man einen Verlauf ermitteln und anhand des Verlaufs eine Lebensdauerabschätzung vornehmen oder einen Wartungsvorschlag erstellen.Preferably, the parameter is determined not just once, but rather repeatedly and the parameters determined at different points in time are stored. A progression can be determined from the sequence of parameters determined in this way, which have been saved, and an estimate of the service life can be made on the basis of the progression, or a maintenance suggestion can be made.

Man kann auch lediglich einen Ohm'schen Widerstand ermitteln, d.h. einen Reihenwiderstand. Weitere Möglichkeiten bestehen darin, den Leckstrom in der Keramik des Biegewandlers 6 zu ermitteln oder einen Leckstrom, der zwischen den beiden Keramikhälften über die hoch isolierende Mittellage fließt, einen so genannten "Isolations-Leckstrom".You can also just determine an ohmic resistance, i.e. a series resistance. Further possibilities are to determine the leakage current in the ceramic of the bending transducer 6 or a leakage current that flows between the two ceramic halves via the highly insulating middle layer, a so-called "insulation leakage current".

Man kann auch eine Schaltzeit, eine Prellzeit und/oder eine Prellamplitude ermitteln. Die Schaltzeit ist ein Zeitraum, der von der Beaufschlagung des Biegewandlers mit einer Spannung bis zum Beginn einer Bewegung vergeht. Die Prellzeit ist die Zeit, zu der das Wirkwerkzeug 5 an einem der Anschläge 7, 8 anschlägt. Die Prellamplitude ist die Amplitude, die sich durch das Rückfedern des Wirkwerkzeugs 5 von einem der Anschläge 7, 8 ergibt.A switching time, a bounce time and/or a bounce amplitude can also be determined. The switching time is a period of time that elapses between the moment a voltage is applied to the bending transducer and the start of a movement. The bounce time is the time at which the knitting tool 5 hits one of the stops 7, 8. The bounce amplitude is the amplitude that results from the springing back of the knitting tool 5 from one of the stops 7 , 8 .

Fig. 2 zeigt eine mögliche Vorgehensweise, um eine oder mehrere der oben genannten Größen zu ermitteln. Die horizontale Achse stellt dabei die Zeit in Millisekunden dar. Nach oben ist der Weg der Fadenführeröse 9 des Wirkwerkzeugs 5 einerseits und der vom Biegewandler 6 aufgenommene Strom andererseits in Milliampere angegeben. 2 shows a possible procedure for determining one or more of the above variables. The horizontal axis represents the time in milliseconds. The path of the thread guide eyelet 9 of the knitting tool 5 on the one hand and the current consumed by the bending transducer 6 on the other hand are indicated in milliamperes at the top.

Man ermittelt den vom Biegewandler aufgenommenen Strom, der in einer Kurve 10 dargestellt ist. Man ermittelt einen idealen Stromverlauf, der durch eine Kurve 11 dargestellt ist und sich als Stromverlauf eines idealen Bauteils, nämlich einer Reihenschaltung aus Ohm'schem Widerstand und Kapazität, darstellen lässt. Alternativ dazu kann man die Kurve 11 auch aus einem curve-fitting ermitteln. Aus den Parametern des curve-fittings können bereits die elektrischen Kenngrößen, Kapazität, Reihenwiderstand und Leckstrom berechnet werden.The current consumed by the bending transducer, which is shown in a curve 10, is determined. An ideal current profile is determined, which is represented by a curve 11 and can be represented as the current profile of an ideal component, namely a series connection of ohmic resistance and capacitance. As an alternative to this, the curve 11 can also be determined from a curve fitting. The electrical characteristics, capacitance, series resistance and leakage current can already be calculated from the parameters of the curve fitting.

Durch Subtraktion des gemessenen Stromverlaufs nach Kurve 10 und des idealen Stromverlaufs nach Kurve 11 wird eine Differenz ermittelt, die durch eine Kurve 12 dargestellt ist. Man sieht eine größere Differenz 13 nach einer kurzen Zeit. Hier spielt die Bewegung der Fadenführeröse 9 des Wirkwerkzeugs 5 eine Rolle, die durch einen inversen piezo-elektrischen Effekt eine Spannung erzeugt, die dem Ansteuersignal entgegenwirkt. Dieser Effekt ist auch im Stromverlauf sichtbar.By subtracting the measured current curve according to curve 10 and the ideal current curve according to curve 11, a difference is determined which is represented by a curve 12. A larger difference 13 is seen after a short time. Here, the movement of the thread guide eyelet 9 of the knitting tool 5 plays a role, which generates a voltage through an inverse piezoelectric effect that counteracts the control signal. This effect is also visible in the course of the current.

Zum Vergleich ist eine Kurve 15 eingezeichnet, die den Weg der Fadenführeröse 9 des Wirkwerkzeugs 5 darstellt, also die Auslenkung des Biegewandlers 6. Hier ergibt sich ein lokales Minimum 16 und ein lokales Maximum 17. Im Bereich des lokalen Maximums 17 ist die Differenz 14 (Kurve 12) am kleinsten.For comparison, a curve 15 is drawn in, which represents the path of the thread guide eyelet 9 of the knitting tool 5, i.e. the deflection of the bending transducer 6. A local minimum 16 and a local maximum 17 result here. In the area of the local maximum 17, the difference is 14 ( Curve 12) smallest.

Claims (15)

  1. A method for the maintenance of a warp knitting machine with at least one bar (1) which comprises piezo-electric bending transducers (6) to which knitting tools (5) are attached, characterized in that at least one electric characteristic variable of the bending transducers (6) is determined repeatedly in the installed state and is compared with at least one predetermined limit value.
  2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that nominal voltage is applied to the bending transducer (6) in the neutral position and in the process of this, the characteristic variable is determined.
  3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the characteristic variable is determined from a current curve (10) at the bending transducer (6) which is obtained after application of a square-wave voltage signal.
  4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that a difference is formed from the current curve (10) at the bending transducer (6) and an ideal current curve (11) at a series connection consisting of a capacitor and an ohmic resistor.
  5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that characteristic variables which have been determined at different points in time are stored, wherein the stored characteristic variables are compared with a model, and a service life estimate and/or a maintenance suggestion is determined from the comparison.
  6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the characteristic variable is determined at a standstill or during start-up of the warp knitting machine.
  7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the at least one characteristic variable of a group of piezoelectric bending transducers (6) is determined first, and the characteristic variable of an individual piezoelectric bending transducer is determined only if the characteristic variable of the group shows a deviation from a predetermined limit value which exceeds a predetermined level.
  8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that at least one of the following variables of the bending transducer is determined: capacitance, series resistance, ceramic leakage current, insulation leakage current, switching time, bounce time and/or bounce amplitude.
  9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that a predetermined electrical voltage is applied to the bending transducer (6) and the resulting amount of an electrical charge is compared with an expected amount of the electrical charge.
  10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the characteristic variables of a plurality of similar bending transducers (6) of the warp knitting machine are compared with one another.
  11. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the characteristic variables of similar bending transducers (6) of a plurality of warp knitting machines are compared with one another.
  12. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that a bar (1) is used which has a plurality of segments (4) with bending transducers (6), and the determination of the characteristic variable for the segments (4) is carried out in parallel.
  13. The method according to claim 12, characterized in that the determination of the characteristic variable of the bending transducers (6) is carried out successively in at least one segment (4).
  14. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that at least one bending transducer (6) is deflected in two opposite directions.
  15. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that a time is determined which the bending transducer requires to move the knitting tool (5) from the neutral position to a working position.
EP20174572.6A 2020-05-14 2020-05-14 Method for maintaining a warp knitting machine Active EP3910101B1 (en)

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EP20174572.6A EP3910101B1 (en) 2020-05-14 2020-05-14 Method for maintaining a warp knitting machine
CN202110345326.8A CN113668136B (en) 2020-05-14 2021-03-31 Method for maintaining warp knitting machine
TW110114989A TWI811669B (en) 2020-05-14 2021-04-26 Methods for maintaining warp knitting machines
KR1020210061514A KR102582937B1 (en) 2020-05-14 2021-05-12 Method for the maintenance of a warp knitting machine

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JPH01260044A (en) * 1988-04-05 1989-10-17 Watanabe Kutsushita Kogyo Kk Needle selection device in sewing machine
DE4226899C1 (en) * 1992-08-14 1994-01-13 Mayer Textilmaschf Warp knitting machine with jacquard control
DE4337265C1 (en) * 1993-11-02 1995-03-09 Mayer Textilmaschf Warp-knitting machine with at least one guide bar
DE4435562C2 (en) * 1994-10-05 1998-12-17 Mayer Textilmaschf Laying bar arrangement for a warp knitting machine
DE19613385C2 (en) * 1996-04-03 2001-08-23 Liba Maschf Warp knitting machine with at least one laying bar having bus lines
JPH11118743A (en) * 1997-10-15 1999-04-30 Hokuriku Electric Ind Co Ltd Method for inspecting piezoelectric ceramics
DE19946859C2 (en) * 1999-09-30 2003-12-04 Mayer Fa Karl Warp knitting machine with sample press
CN1272493C (en) * 2000-09-27 2006-08-30 日本迈耶株式会社 Jacquard device of warp knitting machine
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DE102012112782A1 (en) * 2012-12-20 2014-06-26 Endress + Hauser Conducta Gesellschaft für Mess- und Regeltechnik mbH + Co. KG Method and device for determining a state of a sensor integrated in a process vessel
DE102014108987B3 (en) * 2014-06-26 2015-10-22 Karl Mayer Textilmaschinenfabrik Gmbh Knitted fabric, method for producing a knitted fabric and warp knitting machine
CN109576894A (en) * 2018-12-06 2019-04-05 福建宏宇电子科技有限公司 A kind of jacquard flower's device removing connecting rope
CN110629384A (en) * 2019-10-08 2019-12-31 浙江理工大学 Piezoelectric needle selector perception execution integrated state detection system
EP3594613B1 (en) * 2019-11-18 2022-06-29 KARL MAYER STOLL R&D GmbH Sensor for surface wear measurement

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