EP0703142B1 - End piece for the wishbone of a sailboard rig - Google Patents

End piece for the wishbone of a sailboard rig Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0703142B1
EP0703142B1 EP95112718A EP95112718A EP0703142B1 EP 0703142 B1 EP0703142 B1 EP 0703142B1 EP 95112718 A EP95112718 A EP 95112718A EP 95112718 A EP95112718 A EP 95112718A EP 0703142 B1 EP0703142 B1 EP 0703142B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
end piece
arcuate
tubular segment
piece according
sail
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP95112718A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0703142A1 (en
Inventor
Marc Namur
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fanatic SA
Original Assignee
Fanatic SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fanatic SA filed Critical Fanatic SA
Publication of EP0703142A1 publication Critical patent/EP0703142A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0703142B1 publication Critical patent/EP0703142B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63BSHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B32/00Water sports boards; Accessories therefor
    • B63B32/60Board appendages, e.g. fins, hydrofoils or centre boards
    • B63B32/64Adjustable, e.g. by adding sections, by removing sections or by changing orientation or profile
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63HMARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H8/00Sail or rigging arrangements specially adapted for water sports boards, e.g. for windsurfing or kitesurfing
    • B63H8/20Rigging arrangements involving masts, e.g. for windsurfing
    • B63H8/21Wishbones
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63HMARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H8/00Sail or rigging arrangements specially adapted for water sports boards, e.g. for windsurfing or kitesurfing
    • B63H8/20Rigging arrangements involving masts, e.g. for windsurfing
    • B63H8/23Rigging arrangements involving masts, e.g. for windsurfing for tensioning or trimming the clew of the sail, e.g. outhaul trimmers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63HMARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H8/00Sail or rigging arrangements specially adapted for water sports boards, e.g. for windsurfing or kitesurfing
    • B63H8/50Accessories, e.g. repair kits or kite launching aids
    • B63H8/52Handheld cleats, cams or hooks for tensioning the downhaul or outhaul of a windsurfing sail
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63HMARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H9/00Marine propulsion provided directly by wind power
    • B63H9/04Marine propulsion provided directly by wind power using sails or like wind-catching surfaces
    • B63H9/08Connections of sails to masts, spars, or the like
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63BSHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B2221/00Methods and means for joining members or elements
    • B63B2221/06Methods and means for joining members or elements by riveting
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63BSHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B2231/00Material used for some parts or elements, or for particular purposes
    • B63B2231/02Metallic materials
    • B63B2231/10Aluminium or aluminium alloys
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63BSHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B2231/00Material used for some parts or elements, or for particular purposes
    • B63B2231/40Synthetic materials

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an end piece for the boom a rig for surfboards.
  • the modern technology in surfing is developing thanks to a stable, play-free attachment of the sail clew on the boom end piece and a tension-free leech of the Sail more precise control and maneuvering of the surfboard to reach.
  • the sail is increasingly trimmed via the Length adjustment of the boom and no longer by that Tension one on the clew of the sail and on the boom end piece fortified tampons.
  • the boom end piece according to the invention is ideal Put it on the rig of a modern surf technique Surfboard requirements due to a low backlash, secure and fast attachment of the sail clew with a snap lock and still offers the possibility for attaching and trimming sails according to conventional Kind with a rope.
  • Extension bars 3 telescoping from the main bars 1 be recorded and left aft via a Boom end piece 4 are interconnected, and Connection sleeves 5 with locking levers 6 for locking the Extension bars 3 with the main bars 1 at the corresponding the sail size of the boom length.
  • the boom is with the boom head 2 hurry attached to a surfboard and by the sail tension held together by the clew 8 of the sail 7 to Fork end 4 runs.
  • the boom end piece 4 according to FIGS. 2 to 6 consists of a manufactured as a plastic injection molded part, limited elastic pipe bend segment 9, which is open to the inside a pipe bend 10 made of aluminum for fastening the Extension bars 3 of the boom using Snap locks 11 pushed on and on the pipe bend 10 is attached.
  • the swivel hook 17 of the snap lock 16 stands with its hook-shaped actuating end 18 through the Assembly opening 15 of the receiving pocket 12 of the pipe bend segment 9 outwards.
  • the swivel hook 17 is on a hollow rivet 19th for fastening the pipe bend segment 9 to the pipe bend 10 to connect the extension bars 3 rotatably, wherein the hollow rivet 19 through corresponding through holes 20 Recording pocket 12 for the snap lock 16, the Pipe elbow segment 9 and the elbow 10 is inserted.
  • a deflection base 26 integrally formed for the rope, the deflection base 26 a central through hole 27 for the mounting rivet 19 of the Pipe elbow segment 9 has.
  • Elbow 10, swivel hook 17, clamp 25 and Mounting rivet 19 of the boom end piece 4 are made of aluminum produced.

Abstract

The fitting has a tubular arc segment (9) fixed to a tubular arc (10), which is slid into the arms (3) of the branched boom. The arc segment has an inward projecting flat surface (12), with a wide slot (13), in order to receive a fastening loop (14), or eye, on the clew (8) of the sail (7). The fitting also has an integrated snap-lock (16), which has a spring-loaded (21) swivelling hook (17) for swinging into and out of the loop. The arc segment may be made from injection-moulded plastic, and the arc and the hook may be made from aluminium.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein EndstĂĽck fĂĽr den Gabelbaum eines Riggs fĂĽr Surfbretter.The invention relates to an end piece for the boom a rig for surfboards.

Ăśblicherweise wird das Schothorn des Segels eines Surfbretts mit einem Tampen am GabelbaumendstĂĽck festgespannt.Usually the clew of the sail becomes one Surfboards tied to the boom end with a rope.

Die moderne Technik beim Surfen entwickelt sich dahin, durch eine stabile, spielfreie Befestigung des Segelschothorns am Gabelbaumendstück sowie ein spannungsfreies Achterliek des Segels ein exakteres Steuern und Manövrieren des Surfbrettes zu erreichen. Das Trimmen des Segels erfolgt zunehmend über die Längenverstellung des Gabelbaumes und nicht mehr durch das Spannen eines am Schothorn des Segels und am Gabelbaumendstück befestigten Tampens.The modern technology in surfing is developing thanks to a stable, play-free attachment of the sail clew on the boom end piece and a tension-free leech of the Sail more precise control and maneuvering of the surfboard to reach. The sail is increasingly trimmed via the Length adjustment of the boom and no longer by that Tension one on the clew of the sail and on the boom end piece fortified tampons.

Diese moderne Surftechnik erfordert die Entwicklung eines neuen Gabelbaumendstücks, das eine stabile, spielfreie Verbindung zwischen dem Schothorn des Segels und dem Endstück ermöglicht.This modern surfing technique requires the development of one new boom end piece, which is a stable, play-free Connection between the clew of the sail and the end piece enables.

Diese Aufgabe ist erfindungsgemäß gelöst durch ein Gabelbaumendstück mit einem integrierten Schnappverschluß zur tampenlosen Befestigung des Segelschothorns gemäß Schutzanspruch 1.This object is achieved by a Fork end with an integrated snap lock for taffeless attachment of the sail clew in accordance with Protection claim 1.

Die Unteransprüche sind auf vorteilhafte und zweckmäßige Weiterbildungen des Gabelbaumendstücks gerichtet.The subclaims are advantageous and expedient Developments of the boom end piece directed.

Das erfindungsgemäße Gabelbaumendstück erfüllt auf ideale Weise die durch die moderne Surftechnik an das Rigg eines Surfbretts gestellten Anforderungen durch eine spielarme, sichere und schnelle Befestigung des Segelschothorns mittels eines Schnappverschlusses und bietet weiterhin die Möglichkeit zur Befestigung und zum Trimmen von Segeln nach herkömmlicher Art mit einem Tampen.The boom end piece according to the invention is ideal Put it on the rig of a modern surf technique Surfboard requirements due to a low backlash, secure and fast attachment of the sail clew with a snap lock and still offers the possibility for attaching and trimming sails according to conventional Kind with a rope.

Das erfindungsgemäße Gabelbaumendstück ist nachstehend anhand von Zeichnungen erläutert. Es zeigt

Fig. 1
eine perspektivische Sprengdarstellung eines Gabelbaums fĂĽr das Rigg eines Surfbretts,
Fig. 2
eine Seitenansicht eines an dem GabelbaumendstĂĽck befestigten Schothorns eines Segels,
Fig. 3
eine Draufsicht des EndstĂĽcks,
Fig. 4
eine Unteransicht des EndstĂĽcks,
Fig. 5
einen Längsschnitt und
Fig. 6
eine Stirnansicht des EndstĂĽcks.
The boom end piece according to the invention is explained below with reference to drawings. It shows
Fig. 1
1 shows an exploded perspective view of a boom for the rig of a surfboard,
Fig. 2
2 shows a side view of a clew of a sail attached to the boom end piece,
Fig. 3
a plan view of the end piece,
Fig. 4
a bottom view of the end piece,
Fig. 5
a longitudinal section and
Fig. 6
an end view of the end piece.

Der Gabelbaum nach Fig. 1 besteht im wesentlichen aus zwei Hauptholmen 1, die mastseitig durch ein Gabelbaumkopfstück 2 spitzwinklig miteinander verbunden sind, zwei Verlängerungsholmen 3, die teleskopartig von den Hauptholmen 1 aufgenommen werden und achterliekseitig über ein Gabelbaumendstück 4 miteinander verbunden sind, sowie Verbindungshülsen 5 mit Sperrhebeln 6 zum Verriegeln der Verlängerungsholme 3 mit den Hauptholmen 1 bei der entsprechend der Segelgröße eingestellten Länge des Gabelbaumes.1 consists essentially of two Main spars 1, the mast side through a boom head piece 2 are connected at an acute angle, two Extension bars 3 telescoping from the main bars 1 be recorded and left aft via a Boom end piece 4 are interconnected, and Connection sleeves 5 with locking levers 6 for locking the Extension bars 3 with the main bars 1 at the corresponding the sail size of the boom length.

Der Gabelbaum wird mit dem Gabelbaumkopfstück 2 am hast eines Surfbrettes befestigt und durch die Segelverspannung zusammengehalten, die vom Schothorn 8 des Segels 7 zum Gabelbaumendstück 4 verläuft.The boom is with the boom head 2 hurry attached to a surfboard and by the sail tension held together by the clew 8 of the sail 7 to Fork end 4 runs.

Das Gabelbaumendstück 4 nach den Fign. 2 bis 6 besteht aus einem als Kunststoff-Spritzgießteil gefertigten, begrenzt elastischen Rohrbogensegment 9, das nach innen offen ist, auf einen Rohrbogen 10 aus Aluminium zur Befestigung der Verlängerungsholme 3 des Gabelbaumes mittels Schnappverschlüssen 11 aufgeschoben und auf dem Rohrbogen 10 befestigt ist.The boom end piece 4 according to FIGS. 2 to 6 consists of a manufactured as a plastic injection molded part, limited elastic pipe bend segment 9, which is open to the inside a pipe bend 10 made of aluminum for fastening the Extension bars 3 of the boom using Snap locks 11 pushed on and on the pipe bend 10 is attached.

An der Oberseite des Rohrbogensegments 9 ist eine nach innen vorkragende flache Tasche 12 mit einem breiten Durchgangsschlitz 13 zur Aufnahme des Schothorns 8 des Segels 7 mit einer eingearbeiteten Befestigungsöse 14 angeformt. Auf der Außenseite der Tasche 12 befindet sich eine Montageöffnung 15 für den Einbau eines Schnappverschlusses 16 mit einem federbeaufschlagten Schwenkhaken 17 zum Ein- und Ausschwenken in die bzw. aus der Schothornöse 14.At the top of the pipe bend segment 9 is one after inside projecting flat pocket 12 with a wide Through slot 13 for receiving clew 8 of sail 7 molded with a built-in eyelet 14. On the There is an assembly opening 15 on the outside of the pocket 12 for the installation of a snap lock 16 with a spring-loaded swivel hook 17 for swiveling in and out into or out of the clew eyelet 14.

Der Schwenkhaken 17 des Schnappverschlusses 16 steht mit seinem hakenförmig ausgebildeten Betätigungsende 18 durch die Montageöffnung 15 der Aufnahmetasche 12 des Rohrbogensegmentes 9 nach außen vor. Der Schwenkhaken 17 ist auf einem Hohlniet 19 zur Befestigung des Rohrbogensegmentes 9 auf dem Rohrbogen 10 zur Verbindung der Verlängerungsholme 3 drehbar gelagert, wobei der Hohlniet 19 durch entsprechende Durchgangslöcher 20 der Aufnahmetasche 12 für den Schnappverschluß 16, des Rohrbogensegments 9 und des Rohrbogens 10 durchgesteckt ist.The swivel hook 17 of the snap lock 16 stands with its hook-shaped actuating end 18 through the Assembly opening 15 of the receiving pocket 12 of the pipe bend segment 9 outwards. The swivel hook 17 is on a hollow rivet 19th for fastening the pipe bend segment 9 to the pipe bend 10 to connect the extension bars 3 rotatably, wherein the hollow rivet 19 through corresponding through holes 20 Recording pocket 12 for the snap lock 16, the Pipe elbow segment 9 and the elbow 10 is inserted.

Beim Öffnen des Schnappverschlusse 16 schwenkt der Haken 17 in Pfeilrichtung a aus der Schothornöse 14 des Segels 7 aus, und gleichzeitig wird die auf den Schwenkhaken 17 wirkende Schließfeder 21 gespannt. Zum Schließen des Schnappverschlusses 16 genügt ein leichter Fingerdruck auf das Betätigungsende 18 des Schwenkhakens 17, damit dieser aufgrund der Federkraft der Schließfeder 21 in Pfeilrichtung b in die Schothornöse 14 des Segels 7 einschnappt.When the snap lock 16 is opened, the hook pivots 17 in the direction of arrow a from clew eye 14 of sail 7, and at the same time that acting on the swivel hook 17 Closing spring 21 tensioned. For closing the snap lock 16, a slight finger pressure on the actuating end 18 is sufficient of the swivel hook 17 so that this due to the spring force of the Closing spring 21 in the direction of arrow b in the clew eyelet 14 of the Sail 7 snaps.

Auf der Unterseite des Rohrbogensegments 9 sind Taschen 22 mit einer Einfädelöffnung 23 und einem Durchsteckloch 24 zur Halterung eines mit einem Knoten versehenen Endes eines Tampens zur Befestigung des Schothorns 8 eines Segels 7 nach herkömmlicher Art angeformt, und in die Aufnahmetasche 12 des Rohrbogensegments 9 ist eine Belegklemme 25 zum Spannen des anderen Tampenendes eingesetzt.There are pockets 22 on the underside of the pipe bend segment 9 with a threading opening 23 and a through hole 24 for Holding a tamped end of a tamp to attach the clew 8 of a sail 7 after molded in a conventional manner, and in the receiving pocket 12 of Pipe elbow segment 9 is a slip clamp 25 for tensioning the other rope end used.

Zwischen den Haltetaschen 22 fĂĽr einen Befestigungstampen an der Unterseite des Rohrbogensegments 9 ist ein Umlenksockel 26 fĂĽr den Tampen angeformt, wobei der Umlenksockel 26 eine zentrale Durchgangsbohrung 27 fĂĽr den Befestigungsniet 19 des Rohrbogensegments 9 aufweist.Between the holding pockets 22 for a fastening rope on the underside of the pipe bend segment 9 is a deflection base 26 integrally formed for the rope, the deflection base 26 a central through hole 27 for the mounting rivet 19 of the Pipe elbow segment 9 has.

Rohrbogen 10, Schwenkhaken 17, Belegklemme 25 und Befestigungsniet 19 des GabelbaumendstĂĽcks 4 sind aus Aluminium hergestellt.Elbow 10, swivel hook 17, clamp 25 and Mounting rivet 19 of the boom end piece 4 are made of aluminum produced.

Claims (8)

  1. End piece for the wishbone of a rig for windsurfers, characterised by an arcuate tubular segment (9) which is open inwards, and which may be pushed onto an arcuate tube (10) in order to secure the spars (3) of the wishbone, and which is attachable on the arcuate tube (10), an inwardly projecting flat pocket (12) with a wide through slot (13) for receiving the luff (8) of the sail (7) with an inlet attachment eye (14) and an assembly opening (15) located on the outer side being integrally moulded on the upper side of the arcuate tubular segment (9), and by a snap closure (16) built into the pocket (12), with a spring-loaded pivot hook (17) for pivoting into and out of the luff eye (14) of the sail (7).
  2. End piece according to claim 1, characterised in that the pivot hook (17) of the snap closure (16) projects outwardly with its hook-shaped actuating end (18) through the assembly opening (15) of the receiving pocket (12) of the arcuate tubular segment (9), and in that the closing spring (21) acting on the pivot hook (17) is tensioned when the snap closure (16) is opened.
  3. End piece according to claim 1 and 2, characterised in that the pivot hook (17) is mounted to rotate on a hollow rivet (19) for attaching the arcuate tubular segment (9) on the arcuate tube (10) in order to connect the wishbone spars (3), the hollow rivet (19) being pushed through corresponding through holes (20) of the receiving pocket (12) for the snap closure (16), of the arcuate tubular segment (9) and of the arcuate tube (10).
  4. End piece according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterised by pockets (22) integrally formed on the underside of the arcuate tubular section (9), with a threading opening (23) and a through hole (24) for retaining the end provided with a knot of a rope end for attaching the luff (8) of a sail (7), and a belaying cleat (25) inserted into the receiving pockets (12) of the arcuate tubular segment (9) for tensioning the other rope end.
  5. End piece according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterised by a deflector foot (26) for the rope end, integrally formed between the retaining pockets (22) for an attachment rope on the underside of the arcuate tubular segment (9).
  6. End piece according to claim 5, characterised in that the attachment rivet (19) for the arcuate tubular segment (9) is thrust through a central hole (27) in the deflector foot (26).
  7. End piece according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterised by a restrictedly elastic design of the arcuate tubular segment (9), produced as a plastics injection moulded component.
  8. End piece according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that the arcuate tube (10), the pivot hook (17), the belaying cleat (25) and the attachment rivet (19) are made of aluminium.
EP95112718A 1994-08-25 1995-08-11 End piece for the wishbone of a sailboard rig Expired - Lifetime EP0703142B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE9413579U 1994-08-25
DE9413579U DE9413579U1 (en) 1994-08-25 1994-08-25 End piece for the boom of a rig for surfboards

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0703142A1 EP0703142A1 (en) 1996-03-27
EP0703142B1 true EP0703142B1 (en) 1998-12-16

Family

ID=6912731

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP95112718A Expired - Lifetime EP0703142B1 (en) 1994-08-25 1995-08-11 End piece for the wishbone of a sailboard rig

Country Status (17)

Country Link
US (1) US5566635A (en)
EP (1) EP0703142B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH08207888A (en)
KR (1) KR960007370A (en)
AT (1) ATE174563T1 (en)
AU (1) AU3024295A (en)
BR (1) BR9503798A (en)
CA (1) CA2156790A1 (en)
CZ (1) CZ211295A3 (en)
DE (3) DE9413579U1 (en)
FI (1) FI953949A (en)
HU (1) HUT72505A (en)
NO (1) NO953277L (en)
PL (1) PL309997A1 (en)
TR (1) TR199501033A2 (en)
TW (1) TW303333B (en)
ZA (1) ZA956439B (en)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
TWI342625B (en) 2007-02-14 2011-05-21 Neobulb Technologies Inc Light-emitting diode illuminating equipment
KR102178104B1 (en) * 2019-07-01 2020-11-12 정보경 Eco-friendly clay for kids and manufacturing method thereof

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE8112417U1 (en) * 1981-09-24 Gerg, Blasius, 8019 Glonn Boom for a rig of a sail surfer
IT1147208B (en) * 1981-05-05 1986-11-19 Amf Mares Sub Spa BOOM FOR SAILING TABLES
DE3401821A1 (en) * 1984-01-20 1985-07-25 Sander Spezialwerkzeug GmbH, 5650 Solingen Wishbone boom for a sailboard
DE3742382A1 (en) * 1987-12-14 1989-06-22 Franz Schlittenbauer Device for trimming the sail of a sailboard
DE8909752U1 (en) * 1989-08-16 1989-09-28 Schuetz-Werke Gmbh & Co Kg, 5418 Selters, De
US5239938A (en) * 1992-09-08 1993-08-31 Spradley Bruce S Quick-connect boom end
DE9302132U1 (en) * 1993-02-15 1993-04-22 Raith, Franz-Xaver, 8150 Holzkirchen, De

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE9413579U1 (en) 1994-10-13
CA2156790A1 (en) 1996-02-26
JPH08207888A (en) 1996-08-13
DE19509755C2 (en) 1997-06-05
ZA956439B (en) 1996-03-22
EP0703142A1 (en) 1996-03-27
PL309997A1 (en) 1996-03-04
TW303333B (en) 1997-04-21
KR960007370A (en) 1996-03-22
FI953949A (en) 1996-02-26
NO953277L (en) 1996-02-26
NO953277D0 (en) 1995-08-21
AU3024295A (en) 1996-03-07
CZ211295A3 (en) 1996-03-13
TR199501033A2 (en) 1996-06-21
HUT72505A (en) 1996-05-28
DE59504542D1 (en) 1999-01-28
ATE174563T1 (en) 1999-01-15
DE19509755A1 (en) 1996-02-29
FI953949A0 (en) 1995-08-23
BR9503798A (en) 1996-04-16
HU9502374D0 (en) 1995-09-28
US5566635A (en) 1996-10-22

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