EP0698148B1 - Device for supporting and securing a railway track rail - Google Patents
Device for supporting and securing a railway track rail Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0698148B1 EP0698148B1 EP94915609A EP94915609A EP0698148B1 EP 0698148 B1 EP0698148 B1 EP 0698148B1 EP 94915609 A EP94915609 A EP 94915609A EP 94915609 A EP94915609 A EP 94915609A EP 0698148 B1 EP0698148 B1 EP 0698148B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- rail
- pad
- lateral portions
- base
- sole
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
- E01B9/00—Fastening rails on sleepers, or the like
- E01B9/68—Pads or the like, e.g. of wood, rubber, placed under the rail, tie-plate, or chair
- E01B9/685—Pads or the like, e.g. of wood, rubber, placed under the rail, tie-plate, or chair characterised by their shape
- E01B9/686—Pads or the like, e.g. of wood, rubber, placed under the rail, tie-plate, or chair characterised by their shape with textured surface
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a device for supporting and wedging a railway rail on a sleeper.
- Devices of this type include in particular an elastic sole on which the base of the rail rests and insulating stops inserted between the rail and the elastic fasteners which are fixed on inserts anchored laterally in the cross-member.
- the sole is generally of uniform thickness while the stops are in abutment on the shoe of the rail without their lower edge coming into contact with the sole.
- the shape and position of the stops do not allow good compression resistance to be obtained under the action of the lateral forces generated by the rolling stock and transmitted by the rail.
- the object of the present invention is to solve these problems satisfactorily.
- the lower edge of the stops (2,2 ′) is located below the level of the base (Ra) of the rail (R) and above the symmetrical lateral parts (11,11 ′), of smaller thickness, of said sole (1), the central part of which supports the base (Ra) of the rail (R).
- the clearance between the lower edge of the stops and the lateral parts of the sole is between 0.5 mm and 5 mm.
- the difference in thickness between the central part and the lateral parts of the sole is greater than or equal to 3 mm when the rail is in place and according to an alternative embodiment, the thickness of the lateral parts of the sole is less than or equal to half the thickness of the central part.
- the position of the lower edge of the stop is located at least 2 mm below the level of the base of the rail and preferably consists of a substantially horizontal plane face.
- the lateral parts are engaged, for the setting of the sole, in corresponding shoulders formed on the upper face of the cross-member.
- the length of said lateral parts is less than the length of the central part.
- said lateral parts of the sole are full while the central part has recessed areas.
- the device of the invention makes it possible to easily remove the sole from its location under the section of rail by raising the lateral parts at 90 ° and by exerting a traction force parallel to said section.
- the device shown in FIG. 1 is intended for supporting and wedging a rail R of a railway on a sleeper T.
- This device comprises an elastic sole 1 on which the base Ra of the rail R rests and two symmetrical insulating stops 2,2 ′.
- the stops 2,2 ′ are interposed between the rail R and the elastic fasteners A, A ′ which are fixed on inserts I, I ′ anchored laterally in the cross member T.
- the sole 1 is in one piece comprising a central part 10 which supports the base Ra of the rail R and two symmetrical lateral parts 11,11 'of smaller thickness, arranged under the lower edge 20,20' of the stops 2.2 '' which is itself located below the level of the underside of the base Ra of the rail R.
- the stops 2.2 ' have an upper part 2a, 2a' which is arranged under one of the branches of the fastener A, A 'bearing against the shoe of the rail R and which extends downwards and a lower part 2b, 2b 'substantially vertical ending with the lower edge 20,20'.
- the lower edge 20, 20 ′ is produced in the form of a substantially horizontal plane face.
- the rail R placed on the central part 10 of the sole 1 slightly compresses the latter by its own weight and by the tightening force of the elastic fasteners, but in this rest position there is a clearance between the lower edge 20 , 20 ′ of the stops 2,2 ′ and the upper face of the lateral parts 11,11 ′ of the sole 1.
- the clearance between the lower edge 20,20 ′ of the stops 2,2 ′ and the upper face of the lateral parts 11,11 ′ is preferably between 0.5 mm and 5 mm.
- the difference in thickness between the lateral parts 11, 11 ′ of the sole 1 and the central part 10 is made to be greater than or equal to 3 mm when the rail is placed on said central part.
- the lower edge 20, 20 ′ of the stops 2.2 ′ is located at least 2 mm below the level of the base Ra of the rail R resting on the central part 10.
- the central part 10 of the sole 1 has recessed areas 10a in the form of grooves or cells so as to have a determined degree of compressibility.
- the lateral parts 11, 11 ' are full because they serve as stop surfaces for the lower edge 20, 20' of the stops 2.2 'and must therefore be harder than the central part 10.
- FIG. 2 is a partial perspective view of a particular embodiment of the sole 1.
- the length of the lateral parts 11, 11 ′ of the sole 1 is less than the length of the central part 10.
- the side parts 11, 11 ′ are engaged in shoulders Ta formed on the upper face of the cross-member T for wedging said sole.
- the outer edge of the lateral parts 11'11 ' comprises a cutout 11a, 11a' intended to release the orifices Tb from the crosspiece T which are intended to receive the anchoring members of the inserts I, I '.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Railway Tracks (AREA)
- Train Traffic Observation, Control, And Security (AREA)
Abstract
Description
La présente invention concerne un dispositif de support et de calage d'un rail de chemin de fer sur une traverse.The present invention relates to a device for supporting and wedging a railway rail on a sleeper.
Les dispositifs de ce type comprennent notamment une semelle élastique sur laquelle repose la base du rail et des butées isolantes intercalées entre le rail et les attaches élastiques qui sont fixées sur des inserts ancrés latéralement dans la traverse.Devices of this type include in particular an elastic sole on which the base of the rail rests and insulating stops inserted between the rail and the elastic fasteners which are fixed on inserts anchored laterally in the cross-member.
Dans ces dispositifs, la semelle est généralement d'épaisseur uniforme tandis que les butées sont en appui sur le patin du rail sans que leur bord inférieur ne vienne au contact de la semelle.In these devices, the sole is generally of uniform thickness while the stops are in abutment on the shoe of the rail without their lower edge coming into contact with the sole.
Dans cette configuration le bord inférieur de la butée reste au-dessus du niveau de la base du rail. Il advient fréquemment que lors d'une des phases de la pose de la voie, on soit amené à soulever le rail et à remplacer à intervalles réguliers la semelle sous rail par des rouleaux de supports en acier de diamètre supérieur à l'épaisseur de la semelle afin de procurer au rail un degré de liberté en translation. Cette opération a pour but de rendre les contraintes homogènes sur l'ensemble du rail.In this configuration the lower edge of the stop remains above the level of the base of the rail. It frequently happens that during one of the phases of laying the track, it is necessary to lift the rail and to replace at regular intervals the sole under rail with rollers of steel supports of diameter greater than the thickness of the sole in order to provide the rail with a degree of freedom in translation. The purpose of this operation is to make the stresses homogeneous over the entire rail.
Or, les semelles d'épaisseur uniforme sont très difficiles à retirer du fait de leur manque de souplesse.However, the soles of uniform thickness are very difficult to remove due to their lack of flexibility.
De plus, la forme et la position des butées ne permettent pas d'obtenir une bonne résistance à la compression sous l'action des forces latérales générées par le matériel roulant et transmises par le rail.In addition, the shape and position of the stops do not allow good compression resistance to be obtained under the action of the lateral forces generated by the rolling stock and transmitted by the rail.
La présente invention a pour but de résoudre ces problèmes de manière satisfaisante.The object of the present invention is to solve these problems satisfactorily.
Ce but est atteint au moyen d'un dispositif du type précédent dans lequelThis object is achieved by means of a device of the preceding type in which
le bord inférieur des butées (2,2') est situé sous le niveau de la base (Ra) du rail (R) et au-dessus des parties latérales symétriques (11,11'), d'épaisseur plus faible, de ladite semelle (1) dont la partie centrale supporte la base (Ra) du rail (R).the lower edge of the stops (2,2 ′) is located below the level of the base (Ra) of the rail (R) and above the symmetrical lateral parts (11,11 ′), of smaller thickness, of said sole (1), the central part of which supports the base (Ra) of the rail (R).
Selon une caractéristique avantageuse, il existe un jeu entre le bord inférieur des butées et les parties latérales correspondantes de la semelle.According to an advantageous characteristic, there is a clearance between the lower edge of the stops and the corresponding lateral parts of the sole.
Selon une autre caractéristique, le jeu entre le bord inférieur des butées et les parties latérales de la semelle est compris entre 0,5 mm et 5 mm.According to another characteristic, the clearance between the lower edge of the stops and the lateral parts of the sole is between 0.5 mm and 5 mm.
Selon encore une autre caractéristique, la différence d'épaisseur entre la partie centrale et les parties latérales de la semelle est supérieure ou égale à 3 mm lorsque le rail est en place et selon une variante de réalisation, l'épaisseur des parties latérales de la semelle est inférieure ou égale à la moitié de l'épaisseur de la partie centrale.According to yet another characteristic, the difference in thickness between the central part and the lateral parts of the sole is greater than or equal to 3 mm when the rail is in place and according to an alternative embodiment, the thickness of the lateral parts of the sole is less than or equal to half the thickness of the central part.
Selon un mode de réalisation particulier, la position du bord inférieur de la butée est située à au moins 2 mm sous le niveau de la base du rail et est de préférence constitué d'une face plane sensiblement horizontale.According to a particular embodiment, the position of the lower edge of the stop is located at least 2 mm below the level of the base of the rail and preferably consists of a substantially horizontal plane face.
Selon d'autres caractéristiques, les parties latérales sont engagées, pour le calage de la semelle, dans des épaulements correspondants ménagés sur la face supérieure de la traverse.According to other characteristics, the lateral parts are engaged, for the setting of the sole, in corresponding shoulders formed on the upper face of the cross-member.
Selon cette dernière variante, la longueur des dites parties latérales est inférieure à la longueur de la partie centrale.According to this latter variant, the length of said lateral parts is less than the length of the central part.
De plus, lesdites parties latérales de la semelle sont pleines tandis que la partie centrale comporte des zones évidées.In addition, said lateral parts of the sole are full while the central part has recessed areas.
Le dispositif de l'invention permet de retirer facilement la semelle de son emplacement sous le tronçon de rail en relevant les parties latérales à 90° et en exerçant un effort de traction parallèlement audit tronçon.The device of the invention makes it possible to easily remove the sole from its location under the section of rail by raising the lateral parts at 90 ° and by exerting a traction force parallel to said section.
De la même façon, la mise en place de ladite semelle est facilitée par la souplesse des parties latérales.Likewise, the positioning of said sole is facilitated by the flexibility of the lateral parts.
La combinaison entre la semelle et les butées telle que précédemment décrite permet, en outre, d'obtenir une résistance à la compression satisfaisante dans la mesure où la face inférieure du rail est située au-dessus du bord inférieur des butées, ce qui permet une meilleure répartition des contraintes dans la butée et donc une meilleure résistance que dans le cas des dispositifs antérieurs.The combination between the sole and the stops as described above also makes it possible to obtain a satisfactory compressive strength insofar as the underside of the rail is situated above the lower edge of the stops, which allows a better distribution of stresses in the stop and therefore better resistance than in the case of prior devices.
La présente invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description qui va suivre accompagnée des dessins sur lesquels :
- la figure 1 représente une vue en coupe transversale du dispositif de l'invention associé au système de fixation du rail ; et,
- la figure 2 est une vue en perspective d'un mode de réalisation de la semelle de l'invention.
- Figure 1 shows a cross-sectional view of the device of the invention associated with the rail fastening system; and,
- Figure 2 is a perspective view of an embodiment of the sole of the invention.
Le dispositif représenté sur la figure 1 est destiné au support et au calage d'un rail R de chemin de fer sur une traverse T.The device shown in FIG. 1 is intended for supporting and wedging a rail R of a railway on a sleeper T.
Ce dispositif comprend une semelle élastique 1 sur laquelle repose la base Ra du rail R et deux butées isolantes 2,2' symétriques.This device comprises an elastic sole 1 on which the base Ra of the rail R rests and two symmetrical insulating stops 2,2 ′.
Les butées 2,2' sont intercalées entre le rail R et les attaches élastiques A,A' qui sont fixées sur des inserts I,I' ancrés latéralement dans la traverse T.The
La semelle 1 est en une seule pièce comportant une partie centrale 10 qui supporte la base Ra du rail R et deux parties latérales symétriques 11,11' d'épaisseur plus faible, disposées sous le bord inférieur 20,20' des butées 2,2' qui est lui-même situé sous le niveau de la face inférieure de la base Ra du rail R.The sole 1 is in one piece comprising a
Les butées 2,2' comportent une partie supérieure 2a,2a' qui est disposée sous l'une des branches de l'attache A,A' en appui contre le patin du rail R et qui se prolonge vers le bas et une partie inférieure 2b,2b' sensiblement verticale se terminant par le bord inférieur 20,20'.The stops 2.2 'have an
Les faces internes des butées 2,2' épousent le profil extérieur de la base de la partie inférieure 2b,2b'du rail R tant au niveau de la partie supérieure 2a,2a' que de la partie inférieure 2b,2b'.The internal faces of the
Le bord inférieur 20,20' est réalisé sous forme d'une face plane sensiblement horizontale.The
En position d'assemblage le rail R posé sur la partie centrale 10 de la semelle 1 comprime légèrement cette dernière par son poids propre et par la force de serrage des attaches élastiques mais dans cette position de repos il existe un jeu entre le bord inférieur 20,20' des butées 2,2' et la face supérieure des parties latérales 11,11' de la semelle 1.In the assembly position, the rail R placed on the
Lorsqu'un effort de compression plus important intervient, la partie centrale 10 de la semelle élastique 1 voit son épaisseur diminuer et les butées s'enfoncent d'une valeur correspondante ; le jeu entre le bord inférieur 20,20' des butées 2,2' est cependant tel que dans des conditions normales le bord inférieur 20,20' ne vienne pas en contact avec la face supérieure des parties latérales correspondantes 11,11'.When a greater compression force occurs, the
Le jeu entre le bord inférieur 20,20' des butées 2,2' et la face supérieure des parties latérales 11,11' est de préférence compris entre 0,5 mm et 5 mm.The clearance between the
Parallèlement, on prévoit que la différence d'épaisseur entre les parties latérales 11,11' de la semelle 1 et la partie centrale 10 soit supérieure ou égale à 3 mm lorsque le rail est posé sur ladite partie centrale.At the same time, provision is made for the difference in thickness between the
Dans ces conditions, le bord inférieur 20,20' des butées 2,2' est situé à au moins 2 mm sous le niveau de la base Ra du rail R reposant sur la partie centrale 10.Under these conditions, the
La partie centrale 10 de la semelle 1 comporte des zones évidées 10a sous forme de rainures ou d'alvéoles de façon à posséder un degré de compressibilité déterminé.The
En revanche, les parties latérales 11,11' sont pleines car elles servent de surfaces d'arrêt pour le bord inférieur 20,20' des butées 2,2' et doivent donc être plus dures que la partie centrale 10.On the other hand, the
La figure 2 est une vue partielle en perspective d'un mode de réalisation particulier de la semelle 1.FIG. 2 is a partial perspective view of a particular embodiment of the sole 1.
La longueur des parties latérales 11,11' de la semelle 1 est inférieure à la longueur de la partie centrale 10.The length of the
Les parties latérales 11,11' sont engagées dans des épaulements Ta ménagés sur la face supérieure de la traverse T pour le calage de ladite semelle.The
Le bord externe des parties latérales 11'11' comporte une découpe 11a,11a' destinée à dégager les orifices Tb de la traverse T qui sont destinés à recevoir les organes d'ancrage des inserts I,I'.The outer edge of the lateral parts 11'11 'comprises a
Claims (10)
- A device for supporting and wedging a railway rail (R) on a tie (T), the device comprising in particular a resilient pad (1) on which there rests the base (Ra) of the rail (R) and two insulating tabs (2, 2') interposed between the rail (R) and spring clips (A, A') which are fixed on inserts (I, I') secured laterally in the tie (T), characterized in that the bottom edges of the tabs (2, 2') are situated below the level of the base (Ra) of the rail (R) and above the symmetrical lateral portions (11, 11') of smaller thickness, of said pad (1) whose central portion supports the base (Ra) of the rail (R).
- The device according to claim 1, characterized in that it includes the clearance between the bottom edges (20, 20') of the tabs (2, 2') and the corresponding lateral portions (11, 11') of the pad (1).
- The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the clearance between the bottom edges (20, 20') of the tabs (2, 2') and the lateral portions (11, 11') of the pad (1) lies in the range 0.5 mm to 5 mm.
- The device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the difference in thickness between the central portion (10) and the lateral portions (11, 11') of the pad (1) is not less than 3 mm when the rail is in place.
- The device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the thickness of the lateral portions (11, 11') of the pad (1) is not greater than half the thickness of the central portion (10).
- The device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the position of the bottom edge (20, 20') of each tab (2, 2') is situated at at least 2 mm below the level of the base (Ra) of the rail (R).
- The device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that for the purpose of wedging the pad (1) its lateral portions (11, 11') are engaged between corresponding shoulders (Ta) formed on the top face of the tie (T).
- The device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said lateral portions (11, 11') of the pad (1) are solid whereas its central portion (10) includes hollowed-out zones (10a).
- The device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the lateral portions (11, 11') are shorter in length than the central portion (10).
- The device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the bottom edge (20, 20') of each tab (2, 2') is constituted by a substantially horizontal plane face.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR9305601 | 1993-05-10 | ||
| FR9305601A FR2705108B1 (en) | 1993-05-10 | 1993-05-10 | DEVICE FOR SUPPORTING AND SETTING A RAILWAY RAIL. |
| PCT/FR1994/000553 WO1994026977A1 (en) | 1993-05-10 | 1994-05-10 | Device for supporting and securing a railway track rail |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0698148A1 EP0698148A1 (en) | 1996-02-28 |
| EP0698148B1 true EP0698148B1 (en) | 1997-09-24 |
Family
ID=9446971
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP94915609A Expired - Lifetime EP0698148B1 (en) | 1993-05-10 | 1994-05-10 | Device for supporting and securing a railway track rail |
Country Status (12)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5692677A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0698148B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH08510021A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69405863T2 (en) |
| DZ (1) | DZ1778A1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2109699T3 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI955031A (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2705108B1 (en) |
| MA (1) | MA23190A1 (en) |
| NO (1) | NO954529L (en) |
| TN (1) | TNSN94041A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1994026977A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20010013239A (en) * | 1997-06-18 | 2001-02-26 | 푀닉스 악티엔게젤샤프트 | Rail arrangement |
| US6045052A (en) * | 1998-04-02 | 2000-04-04 | Airboss Of America Corp. | Rail tie fastening assembly |
| GB9917146D0 (en) * | 1999-07-21 | 1999-09-22 | Pandrol Ltd | Suspended rail fastening assembly |
| KR100369639B1 (en) | 1999-11-18 | 2003-01-29 | 장영길 | fixing metal of PC sleeper of ballast roadbed |
| KR20020092132A (en) * | 2001-06-02 | 2002-12-11 | 한국철도기술연구원 | Rail fastening eqipment and fastneing method |
| AU2003901653A0 (en) * | 2003-04-09 | 2003-05-01 | Airboss Railway Products Inc. | Rail seat assembly |
| DE102004031632A1 (en) * | 2004-06-21 | 2006-01-26 | Bwg Gmbh & Co. Kg | Arrangement for fastening a rail |
| GB2435285A (en) * | 2006-02-21 | 2007-08-22 | Pandrol Ltd | Fastening railway rails |
| US8042747B2 (en) * | 2007-08-31 | 2011-10-25 | Koppers Delaware, Inc. | Notched tie plate insulator |
| GB2453575B (en) * | 2007-10-11 | 2011-11-30 | Pandrol Ltd | Railway rail paid |
| DE102008007495A1 (en) * | 2008-02-05 | 2009-08-06 | Semperit Ag Holding | Shim and method of making the same |
| RU2454496C1 (en) * | 2011-03-23 | 2012-06-27 | Открытое акционерное общество Научно-исследовательский и конструкторско-технологический институт подвижного состава (ОАО "ВНИКТИ") | Reinforced rail brace |
| RU2484194C1 (en) * | 2011-12-28 | 2013-06-10 | Открытое акционерное общество Научно-исследовательский и конструкторско-технологический институт подвижного состава (ОАО "ВНИКТИ") | Rail brace anchor |
| US9103074B1 (en) * | 2012-12-21 | 2015-08-11 | Koppers Delaware, Inc. | Modular insulated tie plate |
| DE102013007306B4 (en) * | 2013-04-29 | 2017-03-09 | Semperit Ag Holding | rail seat |
| AT520697B1 (en) * | 2017-11-21 | 2022-06-15 | Getzner Werkstoffe Holding Gmbh | soft |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3581990A (en) * | 1968-10-23 | 1971-06-01 | Syntex Rubber Corp | Rail mounting assembly |
| CH561822A5 (en) * | 1971-07-30 | 1975-05-15 | Vagneux Traverses Beton | |
| FR2359245A1 (en) * | 1976-07-23 | 1978-02-17 | Vivion Robert | FIXING DEVICE FOR RAILWAY ON LONGRINES ARRIVED AT BO end |
| GB2051187B (en) * | 1979-06-13 | 1983-05-18 | Tokai Rubber Ind Ltd | Composite rail pad |
| GB2161524B (en) * | 1984-07-13 | 1988-01-06 | Pandrol Ltd | Improvements in or relating to rail pads and rail assemblies including such pads |
| US4648554A (en) * | 1984-10-30 | 1987-03-10 | Acme Plastics, Inc. | Impact and vibration attenuating pad with offset dimples |
| GB2228757B (en) * | 1989-01-20 | 1993-04-07 | Pandrol Ltd | Rail pads |
| US5016816A (en) * | 1990-01-16 | 1991-05-21 | Unit Rail Anchor Company | Resilient rail fastener |
-
1993
- 1993-05-10 FR FR9305601A patent/FR2705108B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1994
- 1994-05-09 DZ DZ940044A patent/DZ1778A1/en active
- 1994-05-09 MA MA23498A patent/MA23190A1/en unknown
- 1994-05-10 ES ES94915609T patent/ES2109699T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-05-10 JP JP6525062A patent/JPH08510021A/en active Pending
- 1994-05-10 US US08/535,063 patent/US5692677A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-05-10 EP EP94915609A patent/EP0698148B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-05-10 WO PCT/FR1994/000553 patent/WO1994026977A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1994-05-10 TN TNTNSN94041A patent/TNSN94041A1/en unknown
- 1994-05-10 DE DE69405863T patent/DE69405863T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1995
- 1995-10-23 FI FI955031A patent/FI955031A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1995-11-09 NO NO954529A patent/NO954529L/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2705108A1 (en) | 1994-11-18 |
| WO1994026977A1 (en) | 1994-11-24 |
| DE69405863T2 (en) | 1998-03-26 |
| NO954529D0 (en) | 1995-11-09 |
| FR2705108B1 (en) | 1995-08-04 |
| MA23190A1 (en) | 1994-12-31 |
| ES2109699T3 (en) | 1998-01-16 |
| FI955031A0 (en) | 1995-10-23 |
| NO954529L (en) | 1995-11-09 |
| DE69405863D1 (en) | 1997-10-30 |
| TNSN94041A1 (en) | 1995-04-25 |
| US5692677A (en) | 1997-12-02 |
| JPH08510021A (en) | 1996-10-22 |
| EP0698148A1 (en) | 1996-02-28 |
| DZ1778A1 (en) | 2002-02-17 |
| FI955031A (en) | 1995-11-01 |
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