EP0691440B1 - Building block with insulating hollow spaces - Google Patents
Building block with insulating hollow spaces Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0691440B1 EP0691440B1 EP95110517A EP95110517A EP0691440B1 EP 0691440 B1 EP0691440 B1 EP 0691440B1 EP 95110517 A EP95110517 A EP 95110517A EP 95110517 A EP95110517 A EP 95110517A EP 0691440 B1 EP0691440 B1 EP 0691440B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- heat
- cavities
- reflecting
- building block
- bricks
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
- E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
- E04B2/14—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
- E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
- E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
- E04B2002/0204—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections
- E04B2002/0208—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections of trapezoidal shape
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
- E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
- E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
- E04B2002/0204—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections
- E04B2002/0228—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections with tongues next to each other on one end surface and grooves next to each other on opposite end surface
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
- E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
- E04B2002/0256—Special features of building elements
- E04B2002/0286—Building elements with coatings
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/13—Hollow or container type article [e.g., tube, vase, etc.]
- Y10T428/131—Glass, ceramic, or sintered, fused, fired, or calcined metal oxide or metal carbide containing [e.g., porcelain, brick, cement, etc.]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/13—Hollow or container type article [e.g., tube, vase, etc.]
- Y10T428/131—Glass, ceramic, or sintered, fused, fired, or calcined metal oxide or metal carbide containing [e.g., porcelain, brick, cement, etc.]
- Y10T428/1317—Multilayer [continuous layer]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/17—Three or more coplanar interfitted sections with securing means
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24149—Honeycomb-like
Definitions
- the invention relates to a , preferably cuboid, building block according to the preamble of claim 1.
- a building block of this kind e.g. in EP-A-0599283 and can also be a brick be. It is used to create heat-insulating walls and is with adhesive, thin bed, medium bed or a fibrous mortar that does not fall into the cavities, bricked up.
- the cavities can be parallel to the wall surface run vertically, as with so-called perforated bricks, or also horizontally.
- the thermal insulation to improve by clever arrangement of louvers, the transverse to the heat flow direction from one side of the block go through others completely or at least for the most part.
- the elongated, extruded for bricks and therefore continuous cavities weaken the Cohesion, especially the transverse tensile strength of the Insulating blocks. Therefore, a minimum of Cross-sectional area of heat-conducting webs in The heat flow direction must not be undercut.
- slot holes be calculated (Swiss Patents 476 181, 482 882 and 516 057).
- the mean slot width is understood as Cross-sectional area of a generally elongated cavity divided by its largest dimension across Heat flow direction.
- the number of slot holes will be averaged over a variety of in the heat flow direction guided cuts through the brick. It corresponds to one more common parameter, namely the number of Rows of slots.
- the cavity cross sections usually face oblong shapes such as ellipses across the heat flow direction, Rectangles, trapezoids, cuboids, triangles, etc.
- the cavities can also be square, round, five, six and have polygonal shapes.
- the web thickness is 6 mm and more common. If the web thickness is reduced, for example to 4 or 2 mm, so increases based on the above mentioned patents the optimal number of slot holes very strongly, so that brick with the theoretically determined optimal number of slots rows can no longer be produced can, because when extruding the clay masses much too high Pressures arise.
- Today produced 30 cm thick Bricks usually have 17 rows of slots, maximum 21 rows of holes. 30 rows of holes are currently a borderline case represent the producibility.
- the invention is based, to isolating modules create the statically resilient to a conventional extent are, but have a much better thermal insulation than previously known, and are easier to produce.
- the coated inner cavities do not need to to be provided with additional insulation inserts because the coating of the cavities is due to the heat exchange Radiation between the opposing ones Ridges delimiting the cavity are sufficiently reduced.
- the cheapest thermal conductivity values are included Cavity widths less than 3 cm realized, otherwise Convection currents can arise in the cavity. From the same reason is the height of the cavity to a stone height of usually 25 cm and make sure that the cavities do not connect to channels when bricked up, but separated from each other by a layer of mortar. This can be achieved in particular in that a building block with large cavities up to three centimeters wide next to this also has small cavities that when bricking be sealed by the mortar used and the cover large cavities.
- the heat reflective layer can be aluminum or a contain similar heat reflective component. In question there are also various oxides such as zirconium oxide, titanium oxide, Magnesium oxide etc.
- the heat-reflecting component can in Clay, in a glaze, a varnish or any Cover layer embedded or connected with an adhesive layer be.
- a preferred method of applying the heat reflective layer is that this on the traditionally produced insulating block or is sprayed on. Especially with bricks suggested that if a smooth surface is necessary before applying the heat reflecting layer as Underlay for this a glaze is applied. This forms a hard, smooth surface on which z.
- the cavities can also be coated by spraying a synthetic resin paint with reflective components done because the coating does not have high temperatures is exposed.
- To coat insulating modules in particular bricks
- the mass to be molded or the clay water-soluble products with a low Emission coefficients are added.
- the Drying and firing processes migrate to the Surfaces of the blank and coat it evenly. If this on the wall-parallel outer surfaces Coating is undesirable, this can be brushed off or be sanded.
- Another possibility of coating is that a glaze containing the heat reflecting component is co-extruded with the molding.
- the glaze is included great pressure over the cores of the mouthpiece.
- the effectiveness of a heat reflective coating can be by the so-called emission coefficient ⁇ specify numerically. With burnt clay it is or cement-bound lightweight building materials without coating 0.93, at aluminum-coated surfaces, on the other hand, only 0.05. Paints with aluminum bronze have one Emission coefficients ⁇ of about 0.20 and therefore quite suitable for coating the cavities.
- these bricks are designed so that the the respective hole pattern should be added to adjacent brick ends. Accordingly, not only are the inner surfaces of the cross section differently shaped, to the storage area of the brick vertically running holes 2 heat reflecting coated, but also the butt surfaces 1 to also the Inner surfaces of the trapezoidal, rectangular or to capture wedge-shaped grooves in which after the Joining the bricks also through heat transfer Radiation takes place.
- On the visible sides 3 are the Wall thickness of the brick 6 mm thick. The The wall thickness of the inner webs is 3 mm.
- Masonry made with such bricks achieves a k-value of 0.38 W / m 2 with a wall thickness of 30 cm unplastered, taking into account the standardized heat transfer coefficients and with a thermal conductivity of the cullet material of 0.30 W / mK for non-reflecting inner surfaces K.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Building Environments (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft einen
, vorzugsweise
quaderförmigen, Baustein
gemäß Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.
Ein Baustein dieser Art
wird z.B. in EP-A-0599283 beschrieben und
kann auch ein Ziegel
sein. Er dient zur Erstellung von wärmeisolierenden Wänden
und wird mit Klebe-, Dünnbett-, Mittelbett- oder einem
faserhaltigen Mörtel, der nicht in die Hohlräume fällt,
vermauert. Die Hohlräume können parallel zur Wandfläche
vertikal verlaufen, wie bei sogenannten Hochlochziegeln, oder
auch horizontal.The invention relates to a
, preferably
cuboid, building block
according to the preamble of
Bei herkömmlichen Isolierbausteinen, wie beispielsweise Lochziegeln, Gasbetonsteinen und Bausteinen aus zementgebundenen Leichtbaustoffen, wird versucht, das Wärmeisoliervermögen durch Verwendung eines möglichst leichten Baustoffes zu optimieren. Deshalb verwendet man stark porosierten Ton bei Ziegeln, aufgeschäumten Beton, Bims, Perlit oder dergleichen. Diese Technik findet aber ihre Grenzen in der beschränkten Druckfestigkeit der Leichtbaustoffe. With conventional insulating modules, such as Perforated bricks, gas concrete blocks and building blocks cement-bound lightweight materials, attempts are being made Thermal insulation ability by using a possible optimize light building material. That's why you use highly porous clay for bricks, foamed concrete, Pumice, pearlite or the like. But this technology finds its way Limits in the limited compressive strength of the Lightweight materials.
Weiter ist es Stand der Technik, das Wärmeisoliervermögen durch geschickte Anordnung von Luftschlitzen zu verbessern, die quer zur Wärmestromrichtung von einer Bausteinseite zur anderen ganz oder zumindest größtenteils durchgehen. Insbesondere verbessern in Steinlängsrichtung ausgerichtete und quer zur Wärmestromrichtung gegeneinander versetzte schlitzförmige Hohlräume das Wärmeisoliervermögen. Die länglichen, bei Ziegeln im Strangpreßverfahren hergestellten und deshalb durchgehenden Hohlräume schwächen aber den Zusammenhalt, insbesondere die Querzugfestigkeit der Isolierbausteine. Deshalb kann ein Minimum an Querschnittsfläche von wärmeleitenden Stegen in Wärmestromrichtung nicht unterschritten werden.It is also state of the art, the thermal insulation to improve by clever arrangement of louvers, the transverse to the heat flow direction from one side of the block go through others completely or at least for the most part. In particular, improve aligned in the longitudinal direction of the stone and offset against each other transversely to the heat flow direction slit-shaped cavities the thermal insulation ability. The elongated, extruded for bricks and therefore continuous cavities weaken the Cohesion, especially the transverse tensile strength of the Insulating blocks. Therefore, a minimum of Cross-sectional area of heat-conducting webs in The heat flow direction must not be undercut.
Es ist bekannt, daß sich bei vorgegebener Dicke der quer zur Wärmestromrichtung verlaufenden Längsstege die optimale mittlere Schlitzlochbreite respektive die durchschnittliche Anzahl der in Wärmestromrichtung aufeinanderfolgenden Schlitzlöcher rechnerisch ermitteln läßt (schweizerische Patentschriften 476 181, 482 882 und 516 057). Unter der mittleren Schlitzlochbreite versteht man die Querschnittsfläche eines in der Regel länglichen Hohlraumes dividiert durch seine größte Ausdehnung quer zur Wärmestromrichtung. Die Anzahl der Schlitzlöcher wird gemittelt über eine Vielzahl von in Wärmestromrichtung geführten Schnitten durch den Ziegel. Sie entspricht einer gebräuchlicheren Kenngröße, nämlich der Anzahl der Schlitzreihen. Die Hohlraumquerschnitte weisen in der Regel quer zur Wärmestromrichtung längliche Formen wie Ellipsen, Rechtecke, Trapeze, Quader, Dreiecke usw. auf. Die Hohlräume können aber auch quadratische, runde, fünf-, sechs- und mehreckige Formen haben.It is known that for a given thickness of the transverse to Longitudinal webs the optimal flow average slot width or the average Number of consecutive in the heat flow direction Let slot holes be calculated (Swiss Patents 476 181, 482 882 and 516 057). Under the mean slot width is understood as Cross-sectional area of a generally elongated cavity divided by its largest dimension across Heat flow direction. The number of slot holes will be averaged over a variety of in the heat flow direction guided cuts through the brick. It corresponds to one more common parameter, namely the number of Rows of slots. The cavity cross sections usually face oblong shapes such as ellipses across the heat flow direction, Rectangles, trapezoids, cuboids, triangles, etc. The cavities can also be square, round, five, six and have polygonal shapes.
Bei Bausteinen aus gebranntem Ton sind Stegdicken von 6 mm und mehr üblich. Wird die Stegdicke reduziert, beispielsweise auf 4 respektive 2 mm, so steigt in Anlehnung an oben genannte Patentschriften die optimale Zahl der Schlitzlöcher sehr stark an, so daß Ziegel mit der theoretisch ermittelten optimalen Schlitzreihenzahl nicht mehr produziert werden können, da bei der Extrudierung der Tonmassen viel zu hohe Drücke entstehen. Beispielsweise müßte für einen 30 cm dicken Ziegel bei der Stegdicke 2 mm nach Leitner (s. o. g. CH-PS 516 057) oder Amrein (s. o. g. CH-PS 476 181) die Schlitzlochbreite 3,5 mm betragen. Damit wären über 50 Schlitzlochreihen notwendig, um das theoretisch ermittelte Maximum annähernd zu erreichen. Heute produzierte 30 cm dicke Ziegel weisen in der Regel 17 Schlitzlochreihen auf, maximal 21 Lochreihen. 30 Lochreihen dürften zur Zeit einen Grenzfall der Produzierbarkeit darstellen.For blocks made of fired clay, the web thickness is 6 mm and more common. If the web thickness is reduced, for example to 4 or 2 mm, so increases based on the above mentioned patents the optimal number of slot holes very strongly, so that brick with the theoretically determined optimal number of slots rows can no longer be produced can, because when extruding the clay masses much too high Pressures arise. For example, one would have to be 30 cm thick Brick with a web thickness of 2 mm according to Leitner (see above CH-PS 516 057) or Amrein (see above CH-PS 476 181) Slotted hole width is 3.5 mm. That would be over 50 Row of slotted holes necessary to achieve the theoretically determined To reach the maximum approximately. Today produced 30 cm thick Bricks usually have 17 rows of slots, maximum 21 rows of holes. 30 rows of holes are currently a borderline case represent the producibility.
Eine weitere Möglichkeit, wärmeisolierende Bausteine herzustellen, wird in FR-A-2192226 beschrieben und besteht darin, den Baustein mit mehreren größeren Hohlräumen zu erstellen und, um den Wärmeverlust in den Hohlräumen zu begrenzen, diese nachträglich mit Isoliereinschüben aus den verschiedensten Materialien zu füllen, was aber einen aufwendigen Arbeitsgang darstellt.Another way to use heat insulating blocks Manufacture is described in FR-A-2192226 and consists of the block with several to create larger cavities and to keep heat loss in to limit the cavities with them afterwards Insulating inserts made from a wide variety of materials fill, but this is a complex operation.
Herkömmliche Isolierbausteine, die mit diesen Methoden optimiert wurden, erreichen Wärmeleitzahlen von 0,12 W/mK oder schlechter, bei Ziegeln bestenfalls 0,15 W/mK.Conventional insulation modules using these methods have been optimized, achieve thermal conductivity values of 0.12 W / mK or worse, for bricks at best 0.15 W / mK.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, Isolierbausteine zu schaffen, die in herkömmlichem Ausmaß statisch belastbar sind, aber ein wesentlich besseres Wärmeisoliervermögen haben als bisher bekannt, und einfacher zu produzieren sind.The invention is based, to isolating modules create the statically resilient to a conventional extent are, but have a much better thermal insulation than previously known, and are easier to produce.
Ausgehend von einem Baustein der einleitend bezeichneten Art
wird diese Aufgabe durch das kennzeichnende Merkmal des
Anspruchs 1 und durch die beanspruchten Verfahrensmerkmale
gelöst. Starting from a module of the type described in the introduction
this task is characterized by the characteristic of
Der Wärmetransport in einem Isolierbaustein der genannten Art erfolgt einerseits durch Wärmeleitung im Grundmaterial, d. h. in den Stegen, und andererseits durch Konvektion, Leitung und Strahlung in den Hohlräumen. Neuere Erkenntnisse haben ergeben, daß insbesondere bei Bausteinen mit dünnen Stegen der Anteil des Wärmetransports durch die luftgefüllten dunklen Hohlräume am gesamten Wärmetransport erheblich ist. Überraschend hoch ist darüberhinaus der Wärmetransport in den Hohlräumen durch Strahlung. Diese überwiegt die Anteile des Wärmetransportes durch Leitung in der Luft und durch Konvektion. Die Wärmeübertragung durch Konvektion ist in Schlitzlöchern der Höhe 25 cm bis zu einer Schlitzbreite von ca. 3 cm neben dem Strahlungsanteil klein und auch kleiner als der Wärmetransport durch die Wärmeleitung in der Luft. Die große theoretische Anzahl Stege eines nach oben genannten Schriften optimierten Bausteines ist im Grunde nur deshalb nötig, weil die Stege wie Schirme immer wieder die Wärmestrahlung unterbrechen. Dasselbe geschieht bei bekannten Bausteinen, deren Hohlräume mit Isoliermaterialien gefüllt sind. Für Hohlräume, die wesentlich breiter sind als 3 cm verhindern die Isoliereinschübe zwar auch die Konvektion, bei allen gefüllten Hohlräumen, insbesondere jenen mit einer Breite um 3 cm und kleiner, bewirken die Isoliereinschübe aber primär eine Unterbrechung der Wärmestrahlung. Die ruhende Luft allein wäre ohne Konvektion und Strahlung ein optimaler Isolator.The heat transfer in an insulating block of the type mentioned takes place on the one hand by heat conduction in the base material, d. H. in the walkways, and on the other hand by convection, conduction and Radiation in the cavities. Have more recent insights show that especially with blocks with thin webs the proportion of heat transport through the air-filled dark voids on the entire heat transfer is significant. Furthermore, the heat transport in the Cavities by radiation. This outweighs the shares of the Heat transport through conduction in the air and through Convection. Heat transfer by convection is in Slot holes with a height of 25 cm up to a slot width of about 3 cm next to the radiation component small and also smaller than the heat transfer through the heat conduction in the air. The large theoretical number of webs one of the above This is basically the only reason why fonts are optimized necessary because the bridges like umbrellas always Interrupt heat radiation. The same happens with known ones Building blocks whose cavities are filled with insulating materials are. For cavities that are much wider than 3 cm the insulated inserts also prevent convection all filled cavities, especially those with one Widths of 3 cm and smaller result in the insulated inserts but primarily an interruption in heat radiation. The Still air alone would be without convection and radiation optimal isolator.
Es ist zwar allgemein bekannt, zu Isolierzwecken wärmereflektierende Oberflächen an den vor Wärmestrahlung zu schützenden Objekten vorzusehen, vor allem bei hohen Temperaturen und gegen Sonneneinstrahlung. Gestützt auf die erwähnte Erkenntnis, daß die Wärmestrahlung in den Hohlräumen selbst bei Raumtemperatur einen überraschend hohen Einfluß hat, schlägt die Erfindung vor, diese Möglichkeit zur Reduzierung der Wärmestrahlung durch wärmereflektierende Oberflächen in den Hohlräumen von Isolierbausteinen zu nutzen. Dabei ist zu beachten, daß im Interesse des maximalen Nutzens der Beschichtung die optimale Lochreihenanzahl neu definiert werden muß.While it is well known for insulation purposes heat reflective surfaces on the front from heat radiation too protective objects, especially at high ones Temperatures and against solar radiation. Drawing on that mentioned knowledge that the heat radiation in the cavities a surprisingly high influence even at room temperature has, the invention proposes this possibility Reduction of heat radiation through heat reflective Surfaces in the cavities of insulating blocks too use. It should be noted that in the interest of the maximum Use the coating the optimal number of rows of holes must be defined.
Erfreulicherweise wurde gefunden, daß Bausteine mit wärmereflektierend beschichteten inneren Hohlräumen mit breiteren Hohlräumen versehen werden können als wenn die Hohlräume unbeschichtet sind. Es wird daher vorgeschlagen, im Gegensatz zu den Formeln nach den eingangs erwähnten schweizerischen Patentschriften weniger und breitere Schlitzlochreihen vorzusehen. Damit können weitere wärmeleitende Stege eingespart werden und das Wärmeisoliervermögen des Bausteins kann weiter gesteigert werden. Diese breiten inneren Hohlräume bringen nicht nur einen zusätzlichen Isolationsgewinn, sondern verbessern auch die Produzierbarkeit des Bausteins.Fortunately, it was found that building blocks with inner cavities coated with heat reflecting wider cavities can be provided than if the Cavities are uncoated. It is therefore proposed that Contrary to the formulas according to the ones mentioned at the beginning Swiss patents fewer and broader To provide rows of slots. With this, more heat-conducting webs can be saved and that Thermal insulation capacity of the block can be further increased will. These wide internal cavities don't just bring an additional insulation gain, but also improve the producibility of the building block.
Die beschichteten inneren Hohlräume brauchen nicht mit zusätzlichen Isoliereinschüben versehen zu werden, denn durch die Beschichtung der Hohlräume wird der Wärmeaustausch durch Strahlung zwischen den einander gegenüberliegenden, den Hohlraum begrenzenden Stegen hinreichend reduziert. Allerdings werden die günstigsten Wärmeleitwerte mit Hohlraumbreiten unter 3 cm realisiert, weil sonst Konvektionsströme im Hohlraum entstehen können. Aus dem gleichen Grund ist die Höhe des Hohlraums auf eine Steinhöhe von in der Regel 25 cm zu begrenzen und darauf zu achten, daß beim Vermauern sich die Hohlräume nicht zu Kanälen verbinden, sondern durch eine Mörtelschicht voneinander getrennt werden. Dies ist insbesondere dadurch zu erreichen, daß ein Baustein mit großen bis zu drei Zentimeter breiten Hohlräumen neben diesen auch kleine Hohlräume aufweist, die beim Vermauern durch den verwendeten Mörtel verschlossen werden und die großen Hohlräume überdecken. Auf jeden Fall ist darauf zu achten, daß nicht zuviel Mörtel in die Hohlräume fällt, diese verschmutzt, teilweise füllt und damit das Isolierverhalten senkt. Insbesondere ist es sinnvoll, Grifflöcher wärmereflektierend zu beschichten und so anzuordnen, daß sie sich beim Vermauern im üblichen Versatz nicht überdecken. Mit Vorteil werden derartige Bausteine im Tauchverfahren vermauert, d. h. nur wenige Millimeter weit in den Mörtel getaucht und mit dem am Stein haftenden Mörtel versetzt.The coated inner cavities do not need to to be provided with additional insulation inserts because the coating of the cavities is due to the heat exchange Radiation between the opposing ones Ridges delimiting the cavity are sufficiently reduced. However, the cheapest thermal conductivity values are included Cavity widths less than 3 cm realized, otherwise Convection currents can arise in the cavity. From the same reason is the height of the cavity to a stone height of usually 25 cm and make sure that the cavities do not connect to channels when bricked up, but separated from each other by a layer of mortar. This can be achieved in particular in that a building block with large cavities up to three centimeters wide next to this also has small cavities that when bricking be sealed by the mortar used and the cover large cavities. In any case, it is about make sure that not too much mortar falls into the cavities, these dirty, partially fills and thus the insulation behavior lowers. In particular, it makes sense to have finger holes heat reflective to coat and arrange so that they do not overlap when bricking in the usual offset. With Such modules become an advantage in the immersion process bricked up, d. H. just a few millimeters into the mortar dipped and mixed with the mortar adhering to the stone.
Durch das weitgehende Unterbinden der Wärmestrahlung in den Hohlräumen ist eine Senkung des gesamten Wärmetransports in den Hohlräumen bei üblichen Klimatemperaturen in den Hohlräumen um mehr als die Hälfte möglich. Beispielsweise beträgt die Wärmeleitzahl für innen beschichtete Schlitzlöcher mit ca. 2 cm Breite weniger als 0,05 W/mK statt über 0,11 W/mK für unbeschichtete Hohlräume.By largely preventing heat radiation in the Cavities is a reduction in the total heat transfer in the cavities at the usual climatic temperatures in the Cavities possible by more than half. For example is the coefficient of thermal conductivity for coated inside Slotted holes with a width of approx. 2 cm less than 0.05 W / mK instead over 0.11 W / mK for uncoated cavities.
Bei Anwendung dieser Technik auf gute Isolierbausteine, die nach traditioneller Methode aus Leichtbaustoffen gefertigt sind und hinsichtlich der Lochbreite und der Lochreihenzahl der wärmereflektierenden Beschichtung Rechnung tragen, gelingt es, Bausteine für statisch belastbare Isolierwände ohne Zusatzdämmung mit Wärmeleitzahlen unter 0,10 W/mK herzustellen.When using this technique on good insulation modules, the Made from lightweight materials using the traditional method and with regard to the hole width and the number of holes take into account the heat reflective coating, succeeds in building blocks for structurally resilient insulating walls without additional insulation with thermal conductivities below 0.10 W / mK to manufacture.
In Weiterbildung der Erfindung wird vorgeschlagen, daß außer den Hohlräumen auch die Stoßseiten der Isolierbausteine wärmereflektierend beschichtet sind. Dies gilt vor allem für Bausteine, die an den Stoßseiten Vertiefungen aufweisen, die sich nach dem Ansetzen an einen Folgestein der gleichen Lage mit dessen Vertiefungen zu geschlossenen Hohlräumen kombinieren. Somit sind dann auch diese Hohlräume an ihren Innenflächen beschichtet.In a development of the invention it is proposed that except the cavities also the butt sides of the insulating blocks are coated with heat reflecting. This is especially true for Blocks that have recesses on the butt sides that after placing on a next stone in the same position with its depressions to closed cavities combine. So these cavities are also on theirs Inside surfaces coated.
Die wärmereflektierende Schicht kann Aluminium oder eine ähnliche wärmereflektierende Komponente enthalten. In Frage kommen auch verschiedene Oxide wie Zirkoniumoxid, Titanoxid, Magnesiumoxid etc. Die wärmereflektierende Komponente kann im Ton, in einer Glasur, einem Lack oder irgend einer Deckschicht eingebettet oder mit einer Haftschicht verbunden sein.The heat reflective layer can be aluminum or a contain similar heat reflective component. In question there are also various oxides such as zirconium oxide, titanium oxide, Magnesium oxide etc. The heat-reflecting component can in Clay, in a glaze, a varnish or any Cover layer embedded or connected with an adhesive layer be.
Ein bevorzugtes Verfahren zum Aufbringen der wärmereflektierenden Schicht besteht darin, daß diese auf den traditionell produzierten Isolierbaustein aufgedampft oder aufgespritzt wird. Insbesondere bei Ziegeln wird vorgeschlagen, daß, sofern eine glatte Oberfläche notwendig ist, vor dem Aufbringen der wärmereflektierenden Schicht als Unterlage für diese eine Glasur aufgebracht wird. Diese bildet eine harte, glatte Unterlage, auf die dann z. B. Aluminium aufgedampft oder aufgespritzt werden kann. Statt des Aufdampfens können auch spezielle keramische oder anorganische Massen aufgespritzt werden, die nachträglich eingebrannt werden.A preferred method of applying the heat reflective layer is that this on the traditionally produced insulating block or is sprayed on. Especially with bricks suggested that if a smooth surface is necessary before applying the heat reflecting layer as Underlay for this a glaze is applied. This forms a hard, smooth surface on which z. B. Aluminum can be evaporated or sprayed on. Instead of vapor deposition can also use special ceramic or inorganic masses are sprayed on afterwards be branded.
Die Beschichtung der Hohlräume kann auch durch Aufspritzen eines Kunstharzlackes mit reflektierenden Komponenten erfolgen, da die Beschichtung keinen hohen Temperaturen ausgesetzt ist.The cavities can also be coated by spraying a synthetic resin paint with reflective components done because the coating does not have high temperatures is exposed.
Ein weiteres Verfahren, die Oberflächen von Isolierbausteinen, insbesondere von Ziegeln, zu beschichten, besteht darin, daß der zu formenden Masse bzw. dem Ton wasserlösliche Produkte mit einem niedrigen Emissionskoeffizienten beigemischt werden. Während des Trocknungs- und Brennprozesses wandern diese an die Oberflächen des Rohlings und beschichten diesen gleichmäßig. Falls an den wandparallelen äußeren Oberflächen diese Beschichtung unerwünscht ist, kann diese abgebürstet oder abgeschliffen werden.Another method, the surfaces of To coat insulating modules, in particular bricks, is that the mass to be molded or the clay water-soluble products with a low Emission coefficients are added. During the Drying and firing processes migrate to the Surfaces of the blank and coat it evenly. If this on the wall-parallel outer surfaces Coating is undesirable, this can be brushed off or be sanded.
Eine weitere Möglichkeit der Beschichtung besteht darin, daß eine die wärmereflektierende Komponente enthaltende Glasur mit dem Formling koextrudiert wird. Die Glasur wird dabei mit großem Druck über die Kerne des Mundstücks aufgepreßt.Another possibility of coating is that a glaze containing the heat reflecting component is co-extruded with the molding. The glaze is included great pressure over the cores of the mouthpiece.
Die Wirksamkeit einer wärmereflektierenden Beschichtung läßt sich durch den sogenannten Emissionskoeffizienten ε zahlenmäßig angeben. Er beträgt bei gebranntem Ton oder zementgebundenen Leichtbaustoffen ohne Beschichtung 0,93, bei aluminiumbeschichteten Oberflächen dagegen nur 0,05. Anstriche mit Aluminiumbronze haben einen Emissionskoeffizienten ε von etwa 0,20 und sind somit zur Beschichtung der Hohlräume durchaus geeignet.The effectiveness of a heat reflective coating can be by the so-called emission coefficient ε specify numerically. With burnt clay it is or cement-bound lightweight building materials without coating 0.93, at aluminum-coated surfaces, on the other hand, only 0.05. Paintings with aluminum bronze have one Emission coefficients ε of about 0.20 and therefore quite suitable for coating the cavities.
Ausführungsbeispiele von Isolierbausteinen, bei denen die Erfindung verwirklicht ist, werden nachfolgend anhand der Zeichnung beschrieben. Diese stellt auch noch einige rechnerisch gewonnene Kurvenschaubilder dar, welche die Bedeutung der Erfindung unterstreichen. Im einzelnen zeigt
- Fig. 1
- die Draufsicht eines Bruchstücks eines Hochlochziegels mit wabenförmig angeordneten sechseckigen Hohlräumen (Wabenziegel),
- Fig. 2
- die entsprechende Draufsicht eines Hochlochziegels mit versetzten rechteckigen Hohlräumen (Schlitzlochziegel),
- Fig. 3
- die entsprechende Draufsicht eines Hochlochziegels mit elliptischen Hohlräumen,
- Fig. 4
- die Draufsicht eines ganzen Ziegels mit Grifflöchern im kleineren Maßstab,
- Fig. 5
- ein Kurvenschaubild, das bei einem Hochlochziegel bestimmter Abmessungen unter bestimmten Voraussetzungen die rechnerische Abhängigkeit des Wärmedurchlaßwiderstandes R von der Anzahl n der Lochreihen darstellt, und
- Fig. 6 und 7
- entsprechende Kurvenschaubilder, bei denen andere Parameter gelten.
- Fig. 1
- the top view of a fragment of a perforated brick with honeycomb-shaped hexagonal cavities (honeycomb brick),
- Fig. 2
- the corresponding top view of a perforated brick with offset rectangular cavities (slotted perforated brick),
- Fig. 3
- the corresponding top view of a perforated brick with elliptical cavities,
- Fig. 4
- the top view of an entire brick with handle holes on a smaller scale,
- Fig. 5
- a graph showing the mathematical dependence of the thermal resistance R on the number n of rows of holes in a perforated brick of certain dimensions under certain conditions, and
- 6 and 7
- Corresponding graphs where other parameters apply.
Bei den Figuren 1 bis 3 ist ein Nachbarziegel jeweils strichpunktiert angedeutet. Die Hohlräume sind an ihren Wandflächen wärmereflektierend beschichtet. Selbstverständlich ist eine entsprechende Beschichtung bei jeder Form der Hohlräume möglich.In Figures 1 to 3 there is a neighboring tile indicated by dash-dotted lines. The cavities are on theirs Wall surfaces coated with heat reflecting. A corresponding coating is of course included any shape of the cavities possible.
An den Stoßflächen 1 sind diese Ziegel so gestaltet, daß die
angrenzenden Ziegelenden das jeweilige Lochmuster ergänzen.
Demgemäß sind nicht nur die Innenflächen der querschnittlich
unterschiedlich geformten, zur Lagerfläche des Ziegels
senkrecht verlaufenden Löcher 2 wärmereflektierend
beschichtet, sondern auch die Stoßflächen 1, um auch die
Innenflächen der trapezförmigen, rechteckigen bzw.
keilförmigen Nuten zu erfassen, in denen nach dem
Zusammenfügen der Ziegel ebenfalls Wärmetransport durch
Strahlung stattfindet. An den Sichtseiten 3 sind die
Wandstärken des Ziegels 6 mm stark gewählt worden. Die
Wandstärke der inneren Stege beträgt 3 mm.At the abutting
Der Wabenziegel nach Fig. 1 hat 15 Lochreihen verwirklicht. Ein mit solchen Ziegeln erstelltes Mauerwerk erreicht bei einer Wandstärke von 30 cm unverputzt, unter Berücksichtigung der genormten Wärmeübergangszahlen und bei einer Wärmeleitzahl des Scherbenmaterials von 0,30 W/mK bei nicht reflektierenden inneren Oberflächen einen k-Wert von 0,38 W/m2K. Dabei beträgt der Emissionskoeffizient der Tonoberfläche 0,93. Sind die Oberflächen reflektierend mit einem Emissionskoeffizienten ε = 0,1 ausgebildet, so wird statt 0,38 W/m2K ein k-Wert von 0,25 W/m2K erreicht.1 has 15 rows of holes. Masonry made with such bricks achieves a k-value of 0.38 W / m 2 with a wall thickness of 30 cm unplastered, taking into account the standardized heat transfer coefficients and with a thermal conductivity of the cullet material of 0.30 W / mK for non-reflecting inner surfaces K. The emission coefficient of the clay surface is 0.93. If the surfaces are reflective with an emission coefficient ε = 0.1, a k-value of 0.25 W / m 2 K is achieved instead of 0.38 W / m 2 K.
Bei dem in Fig. 4 dargestellten Ziegel ist das Wabenmuster
noch einmal verfeinert. Der Ziegelgrundriß mißt in Natura 30
x 27 cm. Es sind 21 Lochreihen in Wärmestromrichtung
verwirklicht. Eine weitere Besonderheit bei diesem Ziegel
sind zwei eingelagerte Grifflöcher 4 und an den Stoßseiten je
ein Halbhohlraum 5. Diese Halbhohlräume ergänzen sich beim
Anfügen eines weiteren Ziegels zu einem ganzen Hohlraum.
Selbstverständlich können hier wie in den vorhergehenden
Beispielen alle Hohlräume und die Stoßseiten
wärmereflektierend beschichtet sein. Ein sehr günstiger
Einfluß ist aber auch schon zu erwarten, wenn nur die
Grifflöcher 4 und die Halbhohlräume 5 entsprechend
beschichtet sind. An einer Stoßseite hat dieser Ziegel vier
je einen 6-eckigen Hohlraum enthaltende vertikale Federn 6,
die in entsprechende Nuten 7 des Nachbarziegels eingreifen.4 is the honeycomb pattern
refined again. The brick floor plan measures 30 in natura
x 27 cm. There are 21 rows of holes in the heat flow direction
realized. Another special feature of this brick
are two embedded
In den Figuren 5, 6 und 7 ist der Einfluß einer
wärmereflektierenden Beschichtung der Hohlräume auf den
Wärmedurchlaßwiderstand R und auf die theoretisch optimale
Anzahl n der Schlitzreihen eines 30 cm breiten und 25 cm
hohen Bausteines bei unterschiedlichen Stegbreiten graphisch
dargestellt. Diese Darstellungen gelten unter folgenden
Voraussetzungen: Die Wärmeleitzahl des Scherbens beträgt 0,30
W/mK, die beiden äußeren Randstege an den Sichtflächen sind
doppelt so dick wie die inneren Stege. Wärmeleitende
Querstege aus Ton werden vernachlässigt, ebenso die
Wärmeübertragung durch Konvektionsströme, wodurch die
Gültigkeit der Schaubilder auf Lochbreiten von maximal 3 cm
beschränkt bleibt. Generell nimmt der
Wärmedurchgangswiderstand R des Ziegels mit zunehmender Güte
der Beschichtung zu und die optimale Anzahl n der
Schlitzlochreihen nimmt ab, wobei die Schlitzlöcher breiter
werden. Das Emmisionsverhältnis ε, das bei dieser
Berechnung zwischen 0,05 und 0,9 mit drei Zwischenstufen
verändert wurde, ist in Fig. 5 bei den einzelnen Kurven
angegeben. Man sieht, daß bei zunehmender Qualität der
wärmereflektierenden Beschichtung, d. h. bei kleinerem
Emissionsverhältnis ε, der Wärmedurchgangswiderstand
R nicht nur grundsätzlich größer wird, sondern die Kurvenform
sich so ändert, daß überhaupt ein Maximum sichtbar wird. Bei
Fig. 7 (Stegdicke 6 mm) ist dies besonders deutlich.In Figures 5, 6 and 7 the influence is one
heat reflective coating of the cavities on the
Thermal resistance R and the theoretically optimal
Number n of rows of slots of a 30 cm wide and 25 cm
high building blocks with different bridge widths graphically
shown. These representations apply to the following
Requirements: The thermal conductivity of the body is 0.30
W / mK, which are the two outer edge webs on the visible surfaces
twice as thick as the inner bars. Heat conductive
Cross bars made of clay are neglected, as are the
Heat transfer through convection currents, making the
Validity of the diagrams on hole widths of a maximum of 3 cm
remains limited. Generally the
Thermal resistance R of the brick with increasing quality
the coating and the optimal number n of
Row of slotted holes decreases, the slotted holes becoming wider
will. The emission ratio ε that this
Calculation between 0.05 and 0.9 with three intermediate levels
was changed in Fig. 5 for the individual curves
specified. One sees that with increasing quality the
heat reflective coating, d. H. with smaller ones
Emission ratio ε, the thermal resistance
R not only gets bigger in principle, but the curve shape
changes so that a maximum becomes visible at all. At
Fig. 7 (
Es ist ersichtlich, daß bei Bausteinen mit beschichteten Hohlräumen bei mehr als 25 Schlitzlochreihen der Wärmedurchlaßwiderstand R bei Stegdicken von 4 mm und 6 mm sehr stark und selbst bei 2 mm noch abnimmt. Es ist deshalb nicht sinnvoll, die Hohlräume von Bausteinen mit Schlitzlochbreiten unter 8 mm wärmereflektierend zu beschichten.It can be seen that with blocks coated with Cavities in more than 25 rows of slots Thermal resistance R with web thicknesses of 4 mm and 6 mm very strong and decreases even at 2 mm. It is therefore not useful with the cavities of building blocks Slit hole widths less than 8 mm reflect heat coat.
Claims (10)
- Building block with a plurality of empty internal cavities which extend over the entire height of the building block and are 8 to 30 mm wide in the heat flow direction and with webs which are less than 6 mm thick and separate the cavities, characterized in that the internal surfaces of the cavities (2) are provided all around with a heat-reflecting coating.
- Building block according to claim 1, characterized in that the abutting surfaces (1) are also provided with a heat-reflecting coating.
- Building block according to claim 1, characterized in that larger cavities such as handling holds (4) are provided with a heat-reflecting coating and are so arranged that the cavities are not directly superimposed when constructing walls with the building blocks.
- Building block according to claim 1, characterized in that the heat-reflecting coating contains aluminium or a similar heat-reflecting component such as other metals or oxides.
- Walling produced using building blocks according to one of claims 1 to 4 assembled using adhesive, thin-setting, medium-setting or fibrous mortar, so the cavities are not filled or contaminated with mortar.
- Method of producing building blocks, in particular bricks, according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that a water-soluble heat-reflecting component is added to the clay raw material, this component travelling to the surface, even of the cavities, during the drying and baking process and coating them.
- Method of producing building blocks, in particular bricks, according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the heat-reflecting layer is applied to bricks by coextrusion.
- Method of producing building blocks according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the heat-reflecting layer is applied by vaporization or atomization.
- Method according to one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that the heat-reflecting layer of bricks is optionally burnt in only after the baking thereof.
- Method according to one of claims 6 to 9, characterized in that, prior to application of the heat-reflecting layer, a glaze is applied as a substrate therefor.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE4423716A DE4423716A1 (en) | 1994-07-08 | 1994-07-08 | Building block with heat-insulating inner cavities |
DE4423716 | 1994-07-08 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0691440A1 EP0691440A1 (en) | 1996-01-10 |
EP0691440B1 true EP0691440B1 (en) | 1998-10-28 |
Family
ID=6522407
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP95110517A Expired - Lifetime EP0691440B1 (en) | 1994-07-08 | 1995-07-06 | Building block with insulating hollow spaces |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5904963A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0691440B1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2153471A1 (en) |
DE (2) | DE4423716A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2749335B3 (en) * | 1996-05-31 | 1998-04-10 | Sturm | SMALL SOCKET MASONRY ELEMENT |
US6203879B1 (en) * | 1997-10-24 | 2001-03-20 | Mannington Carpets, Inc. | Repeating series of carpet tiles, and method for cutting and laying thereof |
GR1003284B (en) * | 1998-06-22 | 1999-12-10 | 6� 9 6� 0fs@� 0 5#tfs | Energy-saving heat-insulation method by heat radiation and convection |
DE10126793B4 (en) * | 2000-10-17 | 2016-05-12 | JUWÖ-ENGINEERING GmbH | Method for equipping a perforated brick with insertion elements |
EP1199417A3 (en) | 2000-10-17 | 2003-07-16 | Juwö-Engineering GmbH | Building block and method for equipping a perforated brick with inserts |
US20030066262A1 (en) * | 2001-02-21 | 2003-04-10 | Putnam Craig D. | Hemp building material |
ES2265234B2 (en) * | 2004-07-29 | 2008-04-01 | Universidad Politecnica De Madrid | CERAMIC BRICK WITH HEXAGONAL HOLLOW. |
CH696964A5 (en) | 2006-05-23 | 2008-02-29 | Veritec Ag Anlagen Und Geraete | Method and apparatus for producing a formed building material |
DE102006048444A1 (en) * | 2006-10-11 | 2008-04-17 | Ziegelwerk Bellenberg Wiest Gmbh & Co. Kg | Method for the relative movement of flow medium and perforated brick |
FR2928946B1 (en) * | 2008-03-21 | 2014-01-03 | Cogestone France | INSULATING BLOCK WITH A MULTITUDE OF ALVEOLES |
US8091307B2 (en) * | 2009-08-18 | 2012-01-10 | King Abdulaziz University | Convection baffle for hollow blocks |
US20110047924A1 (en) * | 2009-09-01 | 2011-03-03 | Antar Mohamed A | Hollow brick providing thermal insulation |
US8978342B2 (en) | 2012-06-15 | 2015-03-17 | Auburn University | Residential radiant barrier assemblies |
ES2495540B2 (en) * | 2014-06-06 | 2015-05-11 | Universidad Politécnica de Madrid | Improvements related to a ceramic brick with hexagonal holes |
EP3356613B1 (en) | 2015-10-01 | 2020-07-29 | Universiteit Gent | Insulating block, use thereof and method for manufacturing of such an insulating block |
Family Cites Families (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CH86156A (en) * | 1915-04-12 | 1920-09-01 | Welte Henry | Process for the production of glazed artificial stones. |
DE325293C (en) * | 1915-06-27 | 1920-09-09 | Henry Welte | Process for the production of metallic coatings on natural and artificial stones |
FR946387A (en) * | 1947-04-30 | 1949-06-01 | Essor Economique | Improvements in means for thermal insulation of premises, in particular prefabricated premises |
AT276706B (en) | 1968-04-12 | 1969-12-10 | Wienerberger Baustoffind Ag | Extruded hollow brick |
CH476181A (en) | 1968-05-14 | 1969-07-31 | Verband Schweizerischer Ziegel | Building element, in particular brick |
CH482882A (en) | 1968-05-14 | 1969-12-15 | Verband Schweizerischer Ziegel | Building element, in particular brick |
GB1291567A (en) * | 1968-12-16 | 1972-10-04 | Thomas Gordon Mcnish | Improvements in or relating to fibrous insulating materials |
DE2124350A1 (en) * | 1971-05-17 | 1973-01-04 | Ernst W Schmidt | HEAT RADIATION PROTECTION FOR FIXED ROOF COVERS |
FR2192226A1 (en) * | 1972-07-11 | 1974-02-08 | Debrock Marcel | Hollow building blocks with insulated cavities - lined with IR reflecting lining and foam filled |
DE8427060U1 (en) * | 1984-09-13 | 1989-10-05 | KLB Klimaleichtblock Vertriebs-Gesellschaft mbH, 5450 Neuwied | Wall element |
DE3621114A1 (en) * | 1986-06-24 | 1988-02-04 | Rennebeck Klaus | Treatment and coating of dimensionally stable, temperature-resistant, heat-resistant carrier materials |
US4956217A (en) * | 1988-08-28 | 1990-09-11 | Ciba-Geigy Corportion | Silicate treated honeycomb structures |
DD289039A5 (en) * | 1989-11-13 | 1991-04-18 | Brennstoffinstitut Freiberg,De | HIGHLY TEMPERATURE-RESISTANT COATING FOR TEMPERATURE-ACTIVE COATINGS WITH VITROCERAMIC MATRIX AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF |
DD289038A5 (en) * | 1989-11-13 | 1991-04-18 | Brennstoffinstitut,De | THERMAL RADIATION ACTIVE COATING FOR CERAMIC, MINERAL, GLASS OR MIXED FIBER AND LIGHTWEIGHT FURNITURE CLOTHES OF HEATING EQUIPMENT |
DE4225970C1 (en) * | 1991-10-24 | 1994-04-07 | Degussa | Honeycomb body powder coating - uses recirculating carrier gas with powder vol. through the honeycomb channels |
DE4135055C1 (en) * | 1991-10-24 | 1993-05-06 | Degussa Ag, 6000 Frankfurt, De | Efficient, reliable and uniform charging of cylindrical honeycomb member - includes passing carrier gas through honeycomb member in closed circuit, etc. |
DE59309059D1 (en) * | 1992-11-25 | 1998-11-19 | Raimund Rimmele | Perforated light brick |
-
1994
- 1994-07-08 DE DE4423716A patent/DE4423716A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1995
- 1995-07-06 EP EP95110517A patent/EP0691440B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-07-06 DE DE59504044T patent/DE59504044D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-07-07 CA CA002153471A patent/CA2153471A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1995-07-07 US US08/499,476 patent/US5904963A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE4423716A1 (en) | 1996-01-18 |
US5904963A (en) | 1999-05-18 |
CA2153471A1 (en) | 1996-01-09 |
EP0691440A1 (en) | 1996-01-10 |
DE59504044D1 (en) | 1998-12-03 |
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