EP0210456A2 - Hollow wall masonry - Google Patents

Hollow wall masonry Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0210456A2
EP0210456A2 EP86108998A EP86108998A EP0210456A2 EP 0210456 A2 EP0210456 A2 EP 0210456A2 EP 86108998 A EP86108998 A EP 86108998A EP 86108998 A EP86108998 A EP 86108998A EP 0210456 A2 EP0210456 A2 EP 0210456A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
insulating
shell masonry
shell
masonry according
wall shells
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP86108998A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0210456A3 (en
Inventor
Erwin Reinle
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Zuercher Ziegeleien
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Zuercher Ziegeleien
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Publication of EP0210456A2 publication Critical patent/EP0210456A2/en
Publication of EP0210456A3 publication Critical patent/EP0210456A3/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2/42—Walls having cavities between, as well as in, the elements; Walls of elements each consisting of two or more parts, kept in distance by means of spacers, at least one of the parts having cavities
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/38—Connections for building structures in general
    • E04B1/41—Connecting devices specially adapted for embedding in concrete or masonry
    • E04B1/4178—Masonry wall ties
    • E04B1/4185—Masonry wall ties for cavity walls with both wall leaves made of masonry
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2/14—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element
    • E04B2/16—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position
    • E04B2/20—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position by filling material with or without reinforcements in small channels in, or in grooves between, the elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2/28—Walls having cavities between, but not in, the elements; Walls of elements each consisting of two or more parts kept in distance by means of spacers, all parts being solid
    • E04B2/30—Walls having cavities between, but not in, the elements; Walls of elements each consisting of two or more parts kept in distance by means of spacers, all parts being solid using elements having specially designed means for stabilising the position; Spacers for cavity walls
    • E04B2/34—Walls having cavities between, but not in, the elements; Walls of elements each consisting of two or more parts kept in distance by means of spacers, all parts being solid using elements having specially designed means for stabilising the position; Spacers for cavity walls by filling material with or without reinforcements in small channels in, or in grooves between, the elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
    • E04B2002/0204—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections
    • E04B2002/0208—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections of trapezoidal shape

Definitions

  • the invention relates to shell masonry according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a shell masonry of the type mentioned is known from AT-PS 97 974.
  • Binder blocks arranged to form binder layers serve to connect only two wall shells, these binder layers being separated from one another in terms of height by at least one wall stone layer and alternately connecting the middle wall shell to the left or right wall shell.
  • the binder layers represent large thermal bridges, which significantly impair the insulation value of such a shell masonry.
  • the object of the invention is to design a shell masonry of the type mentioned at the outset in such a way that it has improved insulation and strength properties and is easier to produce.
  • the arrangement of the anchors over all three wall shells also simplifies the manufacture of the shell masonry. Despite the different thermal expansions in all three wall shells, the anchors nevertheless surprisingly guarantee the perfect strength of the shell masonry.
  • the shell masonry provides significant thermal insulation due to the three wall shells made of insulating stones and the spaces between them, so that a heat transfer coefficient of k ⁇ 0.4 can be achieved for shell masonry with a thickness of less than 400 mm.
  • the shell masonry are described in claims 2 to 17. Basically, stones of different sizes and masses can be used for such a shell masonry. However, it is particularly advantageous if the insulating stones are designed according to claim 2, so that they can be grasped and processed with one hand (one-hand stone). Dimensions according to claim 3 are particularly advantageous.
  • An insulating block according to claim 4 is particularly advantageous since the width of the insulating block is reduced by the handle recess so that even a relatively large and heavy insulating block can still be gripped and handled well by hand. The bricking of such an insulating stone is facilitated by the training according to claim 5.
  • the insulating properties of the insulating stone can be achieved in a variety of ways.
  • hollow blocks are possible, the cavities of which are completely or partially filled with insulating material, for example plastic foam.
  • an embodiment according to claim 7 is particularly advantageous.
  • the insulating block according to claim 7 results in a substantial reduction in mass with simultaneously increasing insulating properties due to its high proportion of slotted holes, so that it can be processed more easily, especially as a one-hand stone.
  • cavities filled with insulating material such insulating stones are also inexpensive to manufacture.
  • a further development of the insulating block according to claim 8 is particularly expedient, so that the good insulating properties are also achieved on the vertical butt joints on the head sides of the insulating blocks.
  • the insulating blocks can be made from a wide variety of materials, such as concrete, fiber concrete, lightweight concrete such as gas concrete, sand-lime brick, plaster and the like. However, an insulating block made from fired clay is particularly advantageous.
  • the insulating bricks of the individual wall shells can be connected to one another both in the horizontal and in the vertical joints according to claim 10 with mortar, preferably with insulating mortar.
  • An embodiment according to claim 11 is also possible.
  • Such shell masonry is expediently designed according to claim 12, since then cold bridges caused by mortar on the top sides are avoided.
  • the use of insulating stones according to claim 8 is advantageous.
  • training according to claim 13 is also possible.
  • a toothing of the insulating stone according to claim 6 also results in good insulation and toothing of the insulating stones, the strength of the shell masonry also being improved.
  • the vertical joints of the shell masonry are expediently designed according to claim 14. These vertical joints can either be designed according to claim 16 or preferably according to claim 15, since the air layers give the shell masonry a higher insulating property.
  • An embodiment of the shell masonry according to claim 17 is particularly advantageous, since individual anchors can be dispensed with here and the manufacture of the shell masonry is considerably simplified by means of the anchors designed as bed joint reinforcement. In addition, the strength of the masonry is significantly increased.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 Exemplary embodiments of the shell masonry according to the invention are described in more detail below with the aid of the drawings, a three-shell shell masonry being shown in detail and in a view of a bearing surface in FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • the shell masonry shown in FIG. 1 in detail and in view of a bearing surface has the three wall shells 2, 4 and 6, which form a vertical joint 8 between them, which have a thickness d of 10 to 40, preferably 20 to 25 mm.
  • These vertical joints can be filled with insulating material, for example insulating mortar, insulating fibers, insulating plates or the like, but they are preferably open and thus form an insulating air layer.
  • the individual wall shells are connected by anchors 10, which extend over all three wall shells.
  • Such anchors can be individual anchors distributed over the masonry; the anchors are preferably designed in the form of a bed joint reinforcement 12. For example, one to two per meter of wall height such bed joint reinforcements.
  • Such a bearing joint reinforcement 12 can consist of a grid according to the type shown in the figure or of a material running in a zigzag shape.
  • the bed joint reinforcement can preferably be formed from a wire but from a strip material according to DE-OS 24 02 653.
  • the individual wall shells are formed by insulating stones 14, which are preferably made of fired clay. These insulating blocks have vertically running slot holes 16, which are continuous from the bearing side to the bearing side. These slotted holes are distributed approximately uniformly over the bearing surface 18 and have a width b1 of 4 to 10, preferably 7 mm and a length l of at least 50 mm, preferably 65 mm. Between the rows of slots extending in the longitudinal direction are arranged longitudinal webs 20 which have a width b2 of 4 to 10, preferably 8 mm.
  • the crossbars 22 separating the slotted holes in a row of slotted holes have a width b3 which corresponds approximately to the width b2 of the longitudinal webs.
  • the transverse webs 22 are preferably offset from slot row to slot row by half the length l of the slot holes.
  • a number of the slots 24 benachbarten adjacent to the head sides are open towards the head side and form a common slot hole 26 with adjacent insulating stones, which is generally open, that is to say forms an air layer.
  • an insulating material into such a slot hole, for example in the form of an insulating mortar or an inserted insulating plate, for example made of foam plastic.
  • the insulating bricks expediently have a mass of approximately 4 kg or less, so that they make bricking up considerably easier as a single-handed brick.
  • the insulating stone can be provided with a hand or preferably a thumb hole.
  • These insulating bricks are walled up in a group of runners, the bricks being connected to one another in the horizontal joints by mortar, preferably insulating mortar.
  • the top sides 24 of the insulating blocks 14 can also be connected to one another by means of a mortar layer, but they preferably abut each other as shown in the drawing. It is also possible to connect the insulating blocks on the bearing sides and the top sides with adhesive.
  • the three-shell masonry of the type shown can be created extremely easily and inexpensively and is characterized by a high insulating property with great strength. With such a shell masonry, a thermal conductivity of the order of magnitude of k ⁇ 0.4 can be expected for masonry with a thickness of less than 400 mm.
  • Figure 2 shows a further shell masonry in the cutout and in the view of the storage area.
  • the bed joint reinforcement is arranged analogously to that of FIG. 1, but is not shown in FIG. 2.
  • the three wall shells 2 1, 4 1 and 6 1 are formed from insulating blocks 14 1, which have on one long side 28 a continuous recess 30 over the entire height of the insulating block, the length l 1 of which is 100 mm and the width of which is 25 mm, for example.
  • Spacers 32 are formed on both sides of the handle recess 30, which facilitate the bricking up of the insulating blocks and a uniform design of the vertical joints 8 1.
  • the thickness d of the vertical joint 8 1 is preferably 5 to 10, optionally 15 to 25 mm; this then corresponds to the height of the spacer bar 32.
  • the insulating stones are provided with grooves 34 and combs 36, so that adjacent insulating stones 141 can interlock on the head sides 241.
  • the insulating blocks are each provided with oval slotted holes 162, but these are only shown on one insulating block.
  • the mass of such insulating stones is, for example, 6 kg.
  • the insulating blocks 141 are each laid so that the handle recesses 30 are on the inside and the shell masonry forms smooth, continuous surfaces on the outside.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Retaining Walls (AREA)
  • Pit Excavations, Shoring, Fill Or Stabilisation Of Slopes (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

Abstract

The hollow wall masonry has three wall shells (2, 4, 6) which are all of at least approximately the same thickness, the ties (10) extending over these three wall shells (2, 4, 6). The individual wall shells are formed from insulating bricks (14) which contain slotted holes (16). <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Schalenmauerwerk gemäss Oberbe­griff des Anspruches 1.The invention relates to shell masonry according to the preamble of claim 1.

Ein Schalenmauerwerk der eingangs genannten Art ist aus der AT-PS 97 974 bekannt. Zu Binderschichten angeordnete Binder­steine dienen zur Verbindung von jeweils nur zwei Mauerscha­len, wobei diese Binderschichten der Höhe nach um mindestens eine Mauersteinschicht voneinander getrennt sind und die mitt­lere Mauerschale abwechselnd mit der linken oder rechten Mau­erschale verbinden. Abgesehen davon, dass das Aufmauern eines solchen Schalenmauerwerkes relativ umständlich ist, stellen die Binderschichten grosse Wärmebrücken dar, welche den Isola­tionswert eines solchen Schalenmauerwerkes wesentlich beein­trächtigen. Ausserdem besteht die Gefahr, dass die Binderstei­ne bei der unterschiedlichen Erwärmung und damit Ausdehnung der Mauerschalen zerstört werden.A shell masonry of the type mentioned is known from AT-PS 97 974. Binder blocks arranged to form binder layers serve to connect only two wall shells, these binder layers being separated from one another in terms of height by at least one wall stone layer and alternately connecting the middle wall shell to the left or right wall shell. In addition to the fact that the masonry of such a shell masonry is relatively cumbersome, the binder layers represent large thermal bridges, which significantly impair the insulation value of such a shell masonry. In addition, there is a risk that the binding stones will be destroyed by different heating and thus expansion of the wall shells.

Aus der US-PS 2 929 238 ist es bekannt, die Mauerschalen ei­nes Zweischalenmauerwerkes durch eine gitterartige Lagerfugen­armierung aus Metall miteinander zu verbinden. Ein solches Zweischalenmauerwerk weist allerdings nur beschränkte Isola­tionseigenschaften auf.From US Pat. No. 2,929,238 it is known to connect the wall shells of a two-shell masonry to one another by means of a grid-like bearing joint reinforcement made of metal. Such a double-shell masonry, however, has only limited insulation properties.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, ein Schalenmauerwerk der ein­gangs genannten Art so auszubilden, dass es verbesserte Isola­tions- und Festigkeitseigenschaften aufweist und einfacher herzustellen ist.The object of the invention is to design a shell masonry of the type mentioned at the outset in such a way that it has improved insulation and strength properties and is easier to produce.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale des Anspruches 1 gelöst. Die Verbindung aller drei Mauerschalen durch für alle drei Schichten gemeinsame Anker aus Metall reduziert die Kälte- bzw Wärmebrücken ganz erheblich, sodass sich insbesondere in Verbindung mit den Isoliersteinen ver­besserte Isolationseigenschaften ergeben.This object is achieved by the characterizing features of claim 1. The connection of all three wall shells by means of metal anchors common to all three layers considerably reduces the cold or heat bridges, so that improved insulation properties result in particular in connection with the insulating bricks.

Durch die Anordnung der Anker über alle drei Mauerschalen vereinfacht sich auch die Herstellung des Schalenmauerwerkes. Trotz der in allen drei Mauerschalen unterschiedlichen Wärme­ausdehnungen gewähren die Anker dennoch in überraschender Weise eine einwandfreie Festigkeit des Schalenmauerwerkes. Das Schalenmauerwerk erbringt durch die drei Mauerschalen aus Isoliersteinen und die dazwischen liegenden Zwischenräume eine erhebliche Wärmeisolation, sodass für ein Schalenmauer­werk mit einer Dicke von unter 400 mm eine Wärmedurchgangs­zahl von k≧0,4 erzielt werden kann.The arrangement of the anchors over all three wall shells also simplifies the manufacture of the shell masonry. Despite the different thermal expansions in all three wall shells, the anchors nevertheless surprisingly guarantee the perfect strength of the shell masonry. The shell masonry provides significant thermal insulation due to the three wall shells made of insulating stones and the spaces between them, so that a heat transfer coefficient of k ≧ 0.4 can be achieved for shell masonry with a thickness of less than 400 mm.

Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen des Schalenmauerwerkes sind in den Ansprüchen 2 bis 17 beschrieben. Für ein solches Schalenmauerwerk lassen sich grundsätzlich Steine verschiedener Grössen und Massen verwenden. Besonders vorteilhaft ist es jedoch, wenn die Isoliersteine nach An­spruch 2 ausgestaltet sind, sodass sie mit einer Hand (Ein­handstein) erfasst und verarbeitet werden können. Dabei sind insbesondere auch Abmessungen gemäss Anspruch 3 von Vorteil.Advantageous embodiments of the shell masonry are described in claims 2 to 17. Basically, stones of different sizes and masses can be used for such a shell masonry. However, it is particularly advantageous if the insulating stones are designed according to claim 2, so that they can be grasped and processed with one hand (one-hand stone). Dimensions according to claim 3 are particularly advantageous.

Besonders vorteilhaft ist ein Isolierstein nach Anspruch 4, da durch die Griffausnehmung die Breite des Isoliersteines so reduziert wird, dass auch ein relativ grosser und schwerer Isolierstein noch gut von Hand erfasst und gehandhabt werden kann. Das Vermauern eines solchen Isoliersteines wird durch die Ausbildung nach Anspruch 5 erleichtert.An insulating block according to claim 4 is particularly advantageous since the width of the insulating block is reduced by the handle recess so that even a relatively large and heavy insulating block can still be gripped and handled well by hand. The bricking of such an insulating stone is facilitated by the training according to claim 5.

Die isolierenden Eigenschaften des Isoliersteines lassen sich auf die verschiedensten Arten erzielen. So sind beispiels­weise Hohlsteine möglich, deren Hohlräume ganz oder teilweise mit Isoliermaterial, beispielsweise Kunststoffschaum, ausge­füllt sind Besonders vorteilhaft ist jedoch eine Ausgestal­tung nach Anspruch 7. Der Isolierstein nach Anspruch 7 ergibt durch seinen hohen Anteil an Schlitzlöchern eine wesentliche Massereduzierung bei gleichzeitig erhöhten Isoliereigenschaf­ten, sodass er leichter, insbesondere als Einhandstein, ver­arbeitet werden kann. Im Gegensatz zu mit Isoliermaterial gefüllten Hohlräumen sind solche Isoliersteine überdies preis­wert in der Herstellung. Besonders zweckmässig ist eine Wei­terbildung des Isoliersteines nach Anspruch 8, sodass die guten Isoliereigenschaften auch an den vertikalen Stossfugen an den Kopfseiten der Isoliersteine erzielt werden.The insulating properties of the insulating stone can be achieved in a variety of ways. For example, hollow blocks are possible, the cavities of which are completely or partially filled with insulating material, for example plastic foam. However, an embodiment according to claim 7 is particularly advantageous. The insulating block according to claim 7 results in a substantial reduction in mass with simultaneously increasing insulating properties due to its high proportion of slotted holes, so that it can be processed more easily, especially as a one-hand stone. In contrast to cavities filled with insulating material, such insulating stones are also inexpensive to manufacture. A further development of the insulating block according to claim 8 is particularly expedient, so that the good insulating properties are also achieved on the vertical butt joints on the head sides of the insulating blocks.

Die Isoliersteine können aus den verschiedensten Materialien hergestellt sein, wie beispielsweise Beton, Faserbeton, Leichtbeton wie Gasbeton, Kalksandstein, Gips und derglei­chen Besonders vorteilhaft ist jedoch ein Isolierstein aus gebranntem Ton gemäss Anspruch 9.The insulating blocks can be made from a wide variety of materials, such as concrete, fiber concrete, lightweight concrete such as gas concrete, sand-lime brick, plaster and the like. However, an insulating block made from fired clay is particularly advantageous.

Die Isoliersteine der einzelnen Mauerschalen können sowohl in den horizontalen wie in den vertikalen Fugen gemäss An­spruch 10 mit Mörtel, vorzugsweise mit Isoliermörtel miteinan­der verbunden sein. Auch eine Ausgestaltung nach Anspruch 11 ist möglich Zweckmässigerweise wird ein solches Schalen­mauerwerk nach Anspruch 12 ausgebildet, da dann an den Kopf­seiten durch Mörtel bedingte Kältebrücken vermieden werden Dabei ist insbesondere eine Verwendung von Isoliersteinen gemäss Anspruch 8 von Vorteil. Es ist jedoch auch eine Aus­bildung nach Anspruch 13 möglich. Auch eine Verzahnung des Isoliersteines nach Anspruch 6 ergibt eine gute Isolierung und Verzahnung der Isoliersteine, wobei auch die Festigkeit des Schalenmauerwerkes verbessert wird.The insulating bricks of the individual wall shells can be connected to one another both in the horizontal and in the vertical joints according to claim 10 with mortar, preferably with insulating mortar. An embodiment according to claim 11 is also possible. Such shell masonry is expediently designed according to claim 12, since then cold bridges caused by mortar on the top sides are avoided. In particular, the use of insulating stones according to claim 8 is advantageous. However, training according to claim 13 is also possible. A toothing of the insulating stone according to claim 6 also results in good insulation and toothing of the insulating stones, the strength of the shell masonry also being improved.

Die vertikalen Fugen des Schalenmauerwerkes sind zweckmässi­gerweise nach Anspruch 14 ausgebildet Dabei können diese Vertikalfugen entweder nach Anspruch 16 ausgestaltet sein oder vorzugsweise nach Anspruch 15, da die Luftschichten dem Schalenmauerwerk eine höhere Isoliereigenschaft verleihen.The vertical joints of the shell masonry are expediently designed according to claim 14. These vertical joints can either be designed according to claim 16 or preferably according to claim 15, since the air layers give the shell masonry a higher insulating property.

Besonders vorteilhaft ist eine Ausgestaltung des Schalenmauer­werkes nach Anspruch 17, da hier auf individuelle Anker ver­zichtet werden kann und die Herstellung des Schalenmauerwer­kes mittels der als Lagerfugenarmierung ausgebildeten Anker wesentlich vereinfacht wird. Ausserdem wird die Festigkeit des Mauerwerkes wesentlich erhöht.An embodiment of the shell masonry according to claim 17 is particularly advantageous, since individual anchors can be dispensed with here and the manufacture of the shell masonry is considerably simplified by means of the anchors designed as bed joint reinforcement. In addition, the strength of the masonry is significantly increased.

Ausführungsbeispiele des erfindungsgemässen Schalenmauerwer­kes werden nachfolgend anhand der Zeichnungen näher beschrie­ben, wobei in den Figuren 1 und 2 jeweils ein dreischaliges Schalenmauerwerk im Ausschnitt und in Ansicht auf eine Lager­fläche dargestellt ist.Exemplary embodiments of the shell masonry according to the invention are described in more detail below with the aid of the drawings, a three-shell shell masonry being shown in detail and in a view of a bearing surface in FIGS. 1 and 2.

Das in der Figur 1 im Ausschnitt und in Ansicht auf eine Lagerfläche dargestellte Schalenmauerwerk weist die drei Mau­erschalen 2, 4 und 6 auf, die zwischen sich eine Vertikalfuge 8 bilden, die eine Dicke d von 10 bis 40, vorzugsweise 20 bis 25 mm aufweisen. Diese Vertikalfugen können mit Isolierma­terial, beispielsweise Isoliermörtel, Isolierfasern, Isolier­platten oder dergleichen gefüllt sein, vorzugsweise sind sie jedoch offen und bilden so eine isolierende Luftschicht. Die einzelnen Mauerschalen sind durch Anker 10 verbunden, die über alle drei Mauerschalen reichen. Solche Anker können ein­zelne über das Mauerwerk verteilte Anker sein, vorzugsweise sind die Anker in Form einer Lagerfugenarmierung 12 ausgebil­det. Pro Meter Mauerhöhe können beispielsweise ein bis zwei solcher Lagerfugenarmierungen angeordnet sein. Eine solche Lagerfugenarmierung 12 kann aus einem Gitter gemäss der in der Figur dargestellten Art oder aus einem zick-zack-förmig verlaufenden Material bestehen. Die Lagerfugenarmierung kann aus einem Draht vorzugsweise jedoch aus einem Bandmaterial gemäss der DE-OS 24 02 653 gebildet sein.The shell masonry shown in FIG. 1 in detail and in view of a bearing surface has the three wall shells 2, 4 and 6, which form a vertical joint 8 between them, which have a thickness d of 10 to 40, preferably 20 to 25 mm. These vertical joints can be filled with insulating material, for example insulating mortar, insulating fibers, insulating plates or the like, but they are preferably open and thus form an insulating air layer. The individual wall shells are connected by anchors 10, which extend over all three wall shells. Such anchors can be individual anchors distributed over the masonry; the anchors are preferably designed in the form of a bed joint reinforcement 12. For example, one to two per meter of wall height such bed joint reinforcements. Such a bearing joint reinforcement 12 can consist of a grid according to the type shown in the figure or of a material running in a zigzag shape. The bed joint reinforcement can preferably be formed from a wire but from a strip material according to DE-OS 24 02 653.

Die einzelnen Mauerschalen werden gebildet durch Isolierstei­ne 14, die vorzugsweise aus gebranntem Ton hergestellt sind. Diese Isoliersteine weisen vertikal verlaufende Schlitzlöcher 16 auf, die also von Lagerseite zu Lagerseite durchgehend sind. Diese Schlitzlöcher sind annähernd gleichmässig über die Lagerfläche 18 verteilt und weisen eine Breite b₁ von 4 bis 10, vorzugsweise 7 mm und eine Länge l von mindestens 50 mm, vorzugsweise 65 mm auf. Zwischen den in Längsrichtung verlaufenden Schlitzlochreihen sind Längsstege 20 angeordnet, die eine Breite b₂ von 4 bis 10, vorzugsweise 8 mm aufweisen. Die die Schlitzlöcher einer Schlitzlochreihe trennenden Quer­stege 22 weisen eine Breite b₃ auf, die annähernd der Breite b₂ der Längsstege entspricht. Die Querstege 22 sind von Schlitzlochreihe zu Schlitzlochreihe vorzugsweise um die Hälf­te der Länge l der Schlitzlöcher versetzt angeordnet. Eine Anzahl der den Kopfseiten 24 benachbarten Schlitzlöcher 16₁ sind zur Kopfseite hin offen und bilden mit benachbarten Iso­liersteinen ein gemeinsames Schlitzloch 26, das in der Regel offen ist, also eine Luftschicht bildet. Es ist aber auch möglich, in ein solches Schlitzloch ein Isoliermaterial ein­zubringen, beispielsweise in Form eines Isoliermörtels oder einer eingesteckten Isolierplatte, beispielsweise aus Schaum­kunststoff.The individual wall shells are formed by insulating stones 14, which are preferably made of fired clay. These insulating blocks have vertically running slot holes 16, which are continuous from the bearing side to the bearing side. These slotted holes are distributed approximately uniformly over the bearing surface 18 and have a width b₁ of 4 to 10, preferably 7 mm and a length l of at least 50 mm, preferably 65 mm. Between the rows of slots extending in the longitudinal direction are arranged longitudinal webs 20 which have a width b₂ of 4 to 10, preferably 8 mm. The crossbars 22 separating the slotted holes in a row of slotted holes have a width b₃ which corresponds approximately to the width b₂ of the longitudinal webs. The transverse webs 22 are preferably offset from slot row to slot row by half the length l of the slot holes. A number of the slots 24 benachbarten adjacent to the head sides are open towards the head side and form a common slot hole 26 with adjacent insulating stones, which is generally open, that is to say forms an air layer. However, it is also possible to introduce an insulating material into such a slot hole, for example in the form of an insulating mortar or an inserted insulating plate, for example made of foam plastic.

Die einzelnen Isoliersteine 14 bestehen vorzugsweise aus ge­branntem Ton und weisen vorzugsweise folgende Abmessungen auf:
Länge L = 250 mm
Breite B = 115 mm
Höhe H = 140 oder 190 mm.The individual insulating blocks 14 are preferably made of fired clay and preferably have the following dimensions:
Length L = 250 mm
Width B = 115 mm
Height H = 140 or 190 mm.

Die Isoliersteine haben zweckmässigerweise eine Masse von annähernd 4 kg oder weniger, sodass sie als Einhandstein das Vermauern wesentlich erleichtern. Zur Erleichterung der Hand­habung kann der Isolierstein mit einem Hand- oder vorzugs­weise Daumenloch versehen sein. Vermauert werden diese Iso­liersteine im Läuferverband, wobei die Steine in den Horizon­talfugen durch Mörtel, vorzugsweise Isoliermörtel miteinander verbunden werden. Auch die Kopfseiten 24 der Isoliersteine 14 können über eine Mörtelschicht miteinander verbunden sein, vorzugsweise stossen sie jedoch satt aneinander, wie dies in der Zeichnung dargestellt ist. Auch ein Verbinden der Iso­liersteine an den Lagerseiten und den Kopfseiten mittels Kleb­stoff ist möglich.The insulating bricks expediently have a mass of approximately 4 kg or less, so that they make bricking up considerably easier as a single-handed brick. To facilitate handling, the insulating stone can be provided with a hand or preferably a thumb hole. These insulating bricks are walled up in a group of runners, the bricks being connected to one another in the horizontal joints by mortar, preferably insulating mortar. The top sides 24 of the insulating blocks 14 can also be connected to one another by means of a mortar layer, but they preferably abut each other as shown in the drawing. It is also possible to connect the insulating blocks on the bearing sides and the top sides with adhesive.

Das dreischalige Schalenmauerwerk der dargestellten Art lässt sich äusserst einfach und preiswert erstellen und zeichnet sich durch eine hohe Isoliereigenschaft aus bei gleichzeitig grosser Festigkeit. Mit einem solchen Schalenmauerwerk lässt sich für ein Mauerwerk mit einer Dicke von unter 400 mm eine Wärmeleitzahl in der Grössenordnung von k≦ 0,4 erwarten.The three-shell masonry of the type shown can be created extremely easily and inexpensively and is characterized by a high insulating property with great strength. With such a shell masonry, a thermal conductivity of the order of magnitude of k ≦ 0.4 can be expected for masonry with a thickness of less than 400 mm.

Die Figur 2 zeigt ein weiteres Schalenmauerwerk im Ausschnitt und in der Ansicht auf die Lagerfläche. Die Lagerfugenarmie­rung ist analog jener der Figur 1 angeordnet jedoch in Figur 2 nicht gezeigt. Die drei Mauerschalen 2₁, 4₁ und 6₁ sind aus Isoliersteinen 14₁ gebildet, die an einer Längsseite 28 eine über die ganze Höhe des Isoliersteines durchgehende Griffaus­nehmung 30 aufweisen, deren Länge l₁ beispielsweise 100 mm und deren Breite b₄ beispielsweise 25 mm beträgt. Beidseits der Griffausnehmung 30 sind Abstandleisten 32 angeformt, welche das Vermauern der Isoliersteine und eine gleichmässige Ausbildung der Vertikalfugen 8₁ erleichtern. Die Dicke d der Vertikalfuge 8₁ beträgt vorzugsweise 5 bis 10 gegebenenfalls 15 bis 25 mm; dies entspricht dann auch der Höhe der Abstand­leiste 32. An den Kopfseiten 24₁ sind die Isoliersteine mit Nuten 34 und Kämmen 36 versehen, sodass sich benachbarte Isoliersteine 14₁ an den Kopfseiten 24₁ miteinander verzahnen können. Die Isoliersteine sind jeweils mit ovalen Schlitz­löchern 16₂ versehen, wobei diese jedoch nur an einem Isolier­stein dargestellt sind. Ein solcher Isolierstein weist bei­spielsweise die Länge L = 300 mm, die Breite B = 125 und die Höhe H = 140 oder 190 mm auf. Die Masse solcher Isoliersteine beträgt beispielsweise 6 kg. Die Isoliersteine 14₁ sind je­weils so verlegt, dass die Griffausnehmungen 30 innen liegen und das Schalenmauerwerk aussen glatte durchgehende Flächen bildet.Figure 2 shows a further shell masonry in the cutout and in the view of the storage area. The bed joint reinforcement is arranged analogously to that of FIG. 1, but is not shown in FIG. 2. The three wall shells 2 1, 4 1 and 6 1 are formed from insulating blocks 14 1, which have on one long side 28 a continuous recess 30 over the entire height of the insulating block, the length l 1 of which is 100 mm and the width of which is 25 mm, for example. Spacers 32 are formed on both sides of the handle recess 30, which facilitate the bricking up of the insulating blocks and a uniform design of the vertical joints 8 1. The thickness d of the vertical joint 8 1 is preferably 5 to 10, optionally 15 to 25 mm; this then corresponds to the height of the spacer bar 32. On the head sides 24₁, the insulating stones are provided with grooves 34 and combs 36, so that adjacent insulating stones 14₁ can interlock on the head sides 24₁. The insulating blocks are each provided with oval slotted holes 16₂, but these are only shown on one insulating block. Such an insulating brick has, for example, the length L = 300 mm, the width B = 125 and the height H = 140 or 190 mm. The mass of such insulating stones is, for example, 6 kg. The insulating blocks 14₁ are each laid so that the handle recesses 30 are on the inside and the shell masonry forms smooth, continuous surfaces on the outside.

BezugszeichenlisteReference symbol list

  • b₁ Breite des Schlitzlochesb₁ width of the slot
  • b₂ Breite des Längsstegesb₂ Width of the longitudinal web
  • b₃ Breite des Querstegesb₃ width of the crossbar
  • b₄ Breite der Griffausnehmungb₄ Width of the handle recess
  • d Dicke der Vertikalfuged Thickness of the vertical joint
  • l Länge des Schlitzlochesl Length of the slotted hole
  • l₁ Länge der Griffausnehmungl₁ length of the handle recess
  • B Breite des IsoliersteinesB Width of the insulating brick
  • H Höhe des IsoliersteinesH Height of the insulating brick
  • L Länge des IsoliersteinesL length of the insulating stone
  • 2 Mauerschale2 wall shell
  • 2₁ Mauerschale2₁ wall shell
  • 4 Mauerschale4 wall shell
  • 4₁ Mauerschale4₁ wall shell
  • 6 Mauerschale6 wall shell
  • 6₁ Mauerschale6₁ wall shell
  • 8 Vertikalfuge8 vertical joint
  • 8₁ Vertikalfuge8₁ vertical joint
  • 10 Anker10 anchors
  • 12 Lagerfugenarmierung12 Bearing joint reinforcement
  • 14 Isolierstein14 insulating stone
  • 14₁ Isolierstein14₁ insulating stone
  • 16 Schlitzloch16 slotted hole
  • 16₁ Schlitzloch16₁ slot hole
  • 16₂ Schlitzloch16₂ slot hole
  • 18 Lagerfläche18 storage space
  • 20 Längssteg20 longitudinal web
  • 22 Quersteg22 crossbar
  • 24 Kopfseite24 head side
  • 24₁ Kopfseite24₁ head side
  • 26 Schlitzloch26 slot hole
  • 28 Längsseite28 long side
  • 30 Griffausnehmung30 handle recess
  • 32 Abstandleiste32 spacer bar
  • 34 Nut34 groove
  • 36 Kamm36 comb

Claims (17)

1. Schalenmauerwerk, bei dem drei Mauerschalen (2, 4, 6, 2₁, 4₁, 6₁) von jeweils mindestens annähernd gleicher Dicke mit Abstand voneinander angeordnet und durch Anker (10) miteinander verbunden sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mauerschalen (2, 4, 6, 2₁, 4₁, 6₁) aus Isoliersteinen (14, 14₁) gebildet sind und jeweils einen Abstand (d) aufweisen, der kleiner ist als die Breite (B) einer Mauer­schale und dass die Anker (10) aus Metall bestehen und über alle drei Mauerschalen verlaufen.1. shell masonry, in which three wall shells (2, 4, 6, 2₁, 4₁, 6₁) each of at least approximately the same thickness are spaced apart and connected by anchors (10), characterized in that the wall shells (2, 4, 6, 2₁, 4₁, 6₁) are formed from insulating stones (14, 14₁) and each have a distance (d) which is smaller than the width (B) of a wall shell and that the anchors (10) consist of metal and run over all three wall shells. 2. Schalenmauerwerk nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Isoliersteine (14, 14₁) jeweils eine Masse von annähernd 4 bis 6 kg aufweisen.2. shell masonry according to claim 1, characterized in that the insulating stones (14, 14₁) each have a mass of approximately 4 to 6 kg. 3. Schalenmauerwerk nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Isoliersteine (14) folgende Abmessungen auf­weisen:
Länge L = 250 bis 300 mm
Breite B = 115 bis 125 mm
Höhe H = 140 oder 190 mm.3. shell masonry according to claim 1, characterized in that the insulating blocks (14) have the following dimensions:
Length L = 250 to 300 mm
Width B = 115 to 125 mm
Height H = 140 or 190 mm. 4. Schalenmauerwerk nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Isoliersteine (14, 14₁) an einer Längsseite (28) eine Griffausnehmung (30) der Länge (l₁) und der Breite (b₄) aufweisen, wobei vorzugsweise l₁ = 100 mm und b4 =25 mm beträgt.4. shell masonry according to claim 1, characterized in that the insulating blocks (14, 14₁) on one long side (28) have a handle recess (30) of length (l₁) and width (b₄), preferably l₁ = 100 mm and b4 = 25 mm. 5. Schalenmauerwerk nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass an der Längsseite (28) des Isoliersteines (14₁) beid­seits der Griffausnehmung (30) den Abstand der Mauer­schalen (2₁, 4₁, 6₁) bestimmende Abstandleisten (32) ange­formt sind.5. shell masonry according to claim 4, characterized in that on the longitudinal side (28) of the insulating stone (14₁) on both sides of the handle recess (30) the distance between the wall shells (2₁, 4₁, 6₁) determining spacer strips (32) are formed. 6. Schalenmauerwerk nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gkennzeichnet, dass an einer Kopfseite (24₁) des Isoliersteines (14₁) eine Nut (34) und an der anderen Kopfseite ein Kamm (36) angeordnet sind.6. shell masonry according to claim 1, characterized in that a groove (34) and a comb (36) are arranged on a head side (24₁) of the insulating stone (14₁) and on the other head side. 7. Schalenmauerwerk nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Isoliersteine (14) jeweils annähernd gleichmäs­sig über die Lagerfläche (18) verteilte, von Lagerfläche zu Lagerfläche durchgehende Schlitzlöcher (16, 16₁) auf weisen, wobei die Schlitzlöcher (16, 16₁) eine Breite b₁ von 4 bis 10, vorzugsweise 7 mm, und eine Länge l von min­destens 50 mm und die zwischen den Schlitzlochreihen an­geordneten Längsstege (20) eine Breite b₂ von 4 bis 10, vorzugsweise 8 mm aufweisen, und wobei die die Schlitzlö­cher (16, 16₁) einer Schlitzlochreihe trennenden Quer­stege (22) von Schlitzlochreihe zu Schlitzlochreihe mindestens annähernd um die Hälfte der Länge der Schlitz­löcher versetzt sind und eine Breite b₃ aufweisen, die annähernd der Breite b₂ der Längsstege (20) entspricht.7. shell masonry according to claim 1, characterized in that the insulating stones (14) each approximately uniformly distributed over the bearing surface (18), from bearing surface to bearing surface through slot holes (16, 16₁), the slot holes (16, 16₁) Width b₁ of 4 to 10, preferably 7 mm, and a length l of at least 50 mm and the longitudinal webs (20) arranged between the rows of slot holes have a width b₂ of 4 to 10, preferably 8 mm, and wherein the slot holes (16, 16₁) a row of slotted holes separating transverse webs (22) from slotted row of slits to row of slotted holes are offset at least approximately by half the length of the slotted holes and have a width b₃ which corresponds approximately to the width b₂ of the longitudinal webs (20). 8. Schalenmauerwerk nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Anzahl der den Kopfseiten (24) der Isolierstei­ne (14) benachbarten Schlitzlöcher (16₁) zur Kopfseite hin offen sind.8. shell masonry according to claim 1, characterized in that a number of the head sides (24) of the insulating stones (14) adjacent slot holes (16₁) to the head side are open. 9. Schalenmauerwerk nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, da­durch gekennzeichnet, dass die Isoliersteine (14, 14₁) aus gebranntem Ton bestehen.9. shell masonry according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the insulating stones (14, 14₁) consist of fired clay. 10. Schalenmauerwerk nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Isoliersteine (14, 14₁) der Mauerschalen (2, 4, 6, 2₁, 4₁, 6₁) jeweils mittels Mörtel, vorzugsweise Iso­liermörtel miteinander verbunden sind.10. shell masonry according to claim 1, characterized in that the insulating bricks (14, 14₁) of the wall shells (2, 4, 6, 2₁, 4₁, 6₁) are each connected to one another by means of mortar, preferably insulating mortar. 11. Schalenmauerwerk nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, das die Isoliersteine (14, 14₁) der Mauerschalen (2, 4, 6, 2₁, 4₁, 6₁) jeweils mittels Klebstoff miteinander ver­bunden sind.11. shell masonry according to claim 1, characterized in that the insulating bricks (14, 14₁) of the wall shells (2, 4, 6, 2₁, 4₁, 6₁) are each connected by means of adhesive. 12. Schalenmauerwerk nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Isoliersteine (14) der Mauerschalen (2, 4, 6) an den Kopfseiten (24) stumpf aneinanderstossen12. shell masonry according to claim 1, characterized in that the insulating stones (14) of the wall shells (2, 4, 6) butt against each other at the head sides (24) 13. Schalenmauerwerk nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in den zur Kopfseite (24) hin offenen Schlitzlöchern (16₁) benachbarter Isoliersteine ein Isoliermaterial an­geordnet ist.13. Shell masonry according to claim 8, characterized in that an insulating material is arranged in the slotted holes (16₁) which are open towards the head side (24) and adjacent insulating stones. 14. Schalenmauerwerk nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Vertikalfugen (8, 8₁) zwischen den Mauerschalen (2, 4, 6, 2₁, 4₁, 6₁) eine Dicke d von 5 bis 40, vorzugs­weise 10 bis 25 mm aufweisen.14. Shell masonry according to claim 1, characterized in that the vertical joints (8, 8₁) between the wall shells (2, 4, 6, 2₁, 4₁, 6₁) have a thickness d of 5 to 40, preferably 10 to 25 mm. 15. Schalenmauerwerk nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Vertikalfugen (8, 8₁) zwischen den Mauerschalen (2, 4, 6, 2₁, 4₁, 6₁) als Luftschichten ausgebildet sind.15. shell masonry according to claim 1, characterized in that the vertical joints (8, 8₁) between the wall shells (2, 4, 6, 2₁, 4₁, 6₁) are formed as air layers. 16. Schalenmauerwerk nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in den Vertikalfugen (8, 8₁) zwischen den Mauer­schalen (2, 4, 6, 2₁, 4₁, 6₁) ein Isoliermaterial, vorzug­weise Isoliermörtel angeordnet ist.16. shell masonry according to claim 1, characterized in that in the vertical joints (8, 8₁) between the wall shells (2, 4, 6, 2₁, 4₁, 6₁) an insulating material, preferably insulating mortar is arranged. 17. Schalenmauerwerk nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Anker (10) als eine in bestimmten Horizontalfu­gen angeordnete Lagerfugenarmierung (12) ausgebildet ist.17. Shell masonry according to claim 1, characterized in that the anchor (10) is designed as a bearing joint reinforcement (12) arranged in certain horizontal joints.
EP86108998A 1985-07-23 1986-07-02 Hollow wall masonry Withdrawn EP0210456A3 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH319085A CH669006A5 (en) 1985-07-23 1985-07-23 SHELL MASONRY.
CH3190/85 1985-07-23

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0210456A2 true EP0210456A2 (en) 1987-02-04
EP0210456A3 EP0210456A3 (en) 1987-08-26

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Family Applications (1)

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EP (1) EP0210456A3 (en)
CH (1) CH669006A5 (en)
DE (2) DE3533485A1 (en)

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DE9217630U1 (en) * 1992-12-23 1993-04-15 Unipor-Ziegel Marketing GmbH, 8000 München Double-shell masonry in thermal insulation construction, as well as bricks for the facing masonry for this
FR3002560A1 (en) * 2013-02-26 2014-08-29 Imerys Tc Thermically insulating wall structure for use in seismic zone, has structural components having width approximately equal to width of walls, where components are placed vertically to allow erection of concrete chaining through cells

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AU3554897A (en) * 1997-07-24 1999-02-16 Kobahidze, Vitaly Interlocking building block system and methods of constructing walls, including with a thermal insulation

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US3342004A (en) * 1963-10-07 1967-09-19 Aa Wire Prod Co Masonry wall reinforcement with a-frame construction
FR2455141A1 (en) * 1979-04-23 1980-11-21 Merli Fernand Concrete block or breeze block for building walls - has vertical slots for insulation boards
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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE9217630U1 (en) * 1992-12-23 1993-04-15 Unipor-Ziegel Marketing GmbH, 8000 München Double-shell masonry in thermal insulation construction, as well as bricks for the facing masonry for this
FR3002560A1 (en) * 2013-02-26 2014-08-29 Imerys Tc Thermically insulating wall structure for use in seismic zone, has structural components having width approximately equal to width of walls, where components are placed vertically to allow erection of concrete chaining through cells

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0210456A3 (en) 1987-08-26
DE8618642U1 (en) 1988-07-28
CH669006A5 (en) 1989-02-15
DE3533485A1 (en) 1987-02-05

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