EP0689617A1 - Cermet und verfahren zu seiner herstellung - Google Patents
Cermet und verfahren zu seiner herstellungInfo
- Publication number
- EP0689617A1 EP0689617A1 EP94904953A EP94904953A EP0689617A1 EP 0689617 A1 EP0689617 A1 EP 0689617A1 EP 94904953 A EP94904953 A EP 94904953A EP 94904953 A EP94904953 A EP 94904953A EP 0689617 A1 EP0689617 A1 EP 0689617A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- mass
- cermet
- phase
- powder
- weight
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
- C22C29/02—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides
- C22C29/04—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbonitrides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
Definitions
- the invention relates to a cermet with 95 to 75% by mass of hard material phase, the remainder being cobalt and nickel.
- the invention further relates to a process for the production of such a cermet by grinding a carbide, nitride and / or carbonitride of titanium and tungsten and possibly further elements of the IVa to Vla group of the periodic table and a binding metal, such as Mixture containing cobalt and / or nickel, which is then pressed and sintered.
- Cermets consisting of 25 to 50% by weight of titanium nitride, 10 to 30% by weight of titanium carbide, 5 to 25% by weight of tantalum carbide, niobium carbide and / or zirconium carbide, 10 to 25% by weight of tungsten carbide and 7.5 to 25% by weight of cobalt and / or nickel binder and optionally 0.01 to 1% by weight of aluminum added to the binder, and a process for the production of cermet are known from DE 34 18 403 C2.
- a molding is pressed and this molding is sintered above 1400 ° C. under a nitrogen atmosphere with a pressure between 0.13 and 133 mbar.
- a cermet composition was proposed in US Pat. No. 4,778,521, which consists of 20 to 92% by weight of titanium carbonitride, 5 to 50% by weight of tungsten carbide and 3 to 30% by weight of a binder and has a three-phase grain boundary microstructure which comprises a core phase which is rich in titanium carbonitride, an intermediate phase which is rich in tungsten carbide and which frames the said core phase and an outer phase made of titanium / tungsten carbonitride as the envelope of the aforementioned intermediate phase .
- the titanium carbonitride powder, tungsten carbide and nickel are mixed and, as mentioned above, further treated.
- EP 0 270 509 B1 proposes, in order to improve the mechanical properties and in particular to improve the strength against plastic deformation, to heat a mixture of powders of TiC and (Ta, Nb) C and / or TaC after mixing and the mixture which forms after cooling crush solid solution into a powder.
- This powder to the Periodic Table and a binder mixed with carbides and nitrides or carbonitrides of metals of the IV to VI group, pressed and Gesin ⁇ be tert.
- the thus created body has a carbonitride as a two-phase mixture with a low nitrogen, but, the metal component of Group VI and nitrogen-rich rich titanium and tantalum rich phase and ei ⁇ ner second phase.
- the first phase forms the core and is surrounded by the second phase as an edge zone, which likewise forms the main interface with the binder metal alloy.
- the first (core) phase has a carbonitride which is low in titanium and nitrogen
- the second phase surrounding the core consists of carbonitrides which are rich in titanium and Are nitrogen.
- titanium nitride or titanium carbonitride is mixed, precompressed and sintered with a carbonate of tungsten or titanium and possibly one or more elements from the IVa to Vla group of the periodic table.
- a cermet LE is according to EP 0417333 Al for preparing Government initially a first powder for forming a core structural ⁇ structure of carbides and carbonitrides which contain titanium nitride as well as a second powder to form a boundary zone from Titanni ⁇ , tantalum and tungsten carbide as well as a third powder made of a binding metal, such as cobalt and nickel, whose entire mixture is pre-pressed and sintered.
- a binding metal such as cobalt and nickel
- EP 0 406 201 AI describes a carbonitride alloy with at least 80% by volume of hard materials, which form duplex structures from the core and edge zones and which make up 10 to 80% by volume of the entire hard material phase.
- the carbonitride metals are selected from groups IVa to Via of the periodic table.
- DE 40 00 937 A1 describes a process for the production of cermet, in which powdery titanium carbonitride is used, in addition to the binder mixed carbides of the elements tan tal, niobium, tungsten or tantalum and tungsten or titanium, tantalum and tungsten be added.
- the titanium carbonitride can also be partially mixed with zirconium as the starting material.
- the microstructure is uniformly fine-grained and essentially has a cubic NaCl crystal structure (bi structure) with a uniformly distributed binder metal phase.
- the hard material particles can contain a core composition of (Ti, W, Ta and / or Nb) C with 43 to 53% by mass of titanium, 35 to 50% by mass of tungsten, 4 to 8% by mass of tantalum and / or niobium are present, the edge zone corresponding to the aforementioned composition. This means that the interfaces of all hard material particles have the same prescribed composition with respect to the binding phase.
- the hard material phase exclusively has a cubic bicrystal structure and has an average grain diameter of ⁇ 1.5 ⁇ m with a uniform distribution of the binder metal phase.
- the cermet alloy can additionally (in mass%) contain 0 to 12 molybdenum, 0 to 5 vanadium, 0 to 2 chromium and / or 0 to 2 aluminum.
- Wei ⁇ terhin preferably the nitrogen content is chosen relative to the sum of carbon and nitrogen between 0.2 and 0.8.
- tungsten in the binder metal phase preferably wesent ⁇ Lich larger amounts of tungsten are to remain as a dissolved titanium, in which the tungsten can be partly replaced by molybdenum, vanadium, chromium or aluminum ⁇ minium.
- this mixed carbide 20 to 50 mass% TiC, 20 to 40 mass% WC and 20 contains up to 40% by mass of TaC, where up to 70% by mass of Ta can be replaced by Nb,
- TiA ⁇ C, molybdenum and / or molybdenum carbide, chromium and / or chromium carbide and / or vanadium carbide can contain up to 5 masses - in the starting mixture.
- La, b each SEM micrographs of a cermet, made from Ti (C, N), (Ti, W) C, (Ti, W, Ta, Nb) C, Ni and Co powder (Magnification of 3000: 1 (Fig. Lb) and 5000: 1 (Fig. La)), alloy A,
- FIGS. La or 2a A respective comparison of FIGS. La or 2a with 3a or 1b or 2b with 3b reveals that the cermet alloy according to the invention is significantly more fine-grained than the alloys known according to the prior art and only particles with a dark core or particles with homogeneous composition ent.
- backscattered electrons are used for image generation, i.e. dark-colored structural components have a low density and are therefore Ti-rich, light-gray structural components have a higher density and are therefore W and Ta-rich.
- the binding phase appears almost white.
- the cermet of alloy C according to the invention is used as a material for a cutting insert of the geometry SPGN 120308 with a cutting edge rounding between 30 to 50 ⁇ m and has been compared with corresponding indexable inserts of the same geometry made of alloys A and B. The results can be found in the following table
- Comparative cermet (Leg. A) Comparative cermet (Leg. B) Cermet according to the invention (Leg. C) 2. Bolt turning test with feed increase
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Cutting Tools, Boring Holders, And Turrets (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE4309261 | 1993-03-23 | ||
DE4309261 | 1993-03-23 | ||
DE4344576 | 1993-12-24 | ||
DE4344576A DE4344576A1 (de) | 1993-03-23 | 1993-12-24 | Cermet und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung |
PCT/DE1994/000048 WO1994021835A1 (de) | 1993-03-23 | 1994-01-22 | Cermet und verfahren zu seiner herstellung |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0689617A1 true EP0689617A1 (de) | 1996-01-03 |
EP0689617B1 EP0689617B1 (de) | 1997-03-05 |
Family
ID=25924223
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP94904953A Expired - Lifetime EP0689617B1 (de) | 1993-03-23 | 1994-01-22 | Cermet und verfahren zu seiner herstellung |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5670726A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0689617B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JPH08508066A (de) |
CN (1) | CN1054164C (de) |
AT (1) | ATE149580T1 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2102200T3 (de) |
WO (1) | WO1994021835A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (27)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5904480A (en) * | 1995-05-30 | 1999-05-18 | Ormco Corporation | Dental and orthodontic articles of reactive metals |
JP4540791B2 (ja) * | 2000-03-30 | 2010-09-08 | 株式会社タンガロイ | 切削工具用サーメット |
US6884830B1 (en) * | 2000-09-06 | 2005-04-26 | Air Products Polymers, L.P. | Flexible setting joint compound and method for making flexible joints |
US7413591B2 (en) * | 2002-12-24 | 2008-08-19 | Kyocera Corporation | Throw-away tip and cutting tool |
SE527173C2 (sv) * | 2003-07-25 | 2006-01-17 | Sandvik Intellectual Property | Sätt att tillverka en finkorning hårdmetall |
US7700038B2 (en) * | 2005-03-21 | 2010-04-20 | Ati Properties, Inc. | Formed articles including master alloy, and methods of making and using the same |
WO2006134936A1 (ja) * | 2005-06-14 | 2006-12-21 | Ngk Spark Plug Co., Ltd. | サーメット製インサート及び切削工具 |
CN100484661C (zh) * | 2006-08-16 | 2009-05-06 | 山东大学 | 一种含碳化硅、铁、碳、铬的钼基金属陶瓷 |
CN101210291B (zh) * | 2006-12-26 | 2010-12-01 | 四川理工学院 | 一种超细晶粒金属陶瓷的生产方法 |
US9074270B2 (en) * | 2008-09-26 | 2015-07-07 | Kyocera Corporation | Sintered cermet and cutting tool |
EP2465960B1 (de) * | 2010-12-17 | 2014-10-08 | Sandvik Intellectual Property AB | Cermetkörper und Herstellungsverfahren für einen Cermetkörper |
JP2012166220A (ja) * | 2011-02-14 | 2012-09-06 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | 回転ツール |
JP2012166219A (ja) * | 2011-02-14 | 2012-09-06 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | 回転ツール |
JP5807850B2 (ja) * | 2013-06-10 | 2015-11-10 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | サーメット、サーメットの製造方法、および切削工具 |
CN103521770B (zh) * | 2013-09-22 | 2015-10-28 | 成都工具研究所有限公司 | TiCN基金属陶瓷 |
JP5989930B1 (ja) * | 2014-11-27 | 2016-09-07 | 京セラ株式会社 | サーメットおよび切削工具 |
JP2015107525A (ja) * | 2014-12-18 | 2015-06-11 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 回転ツール |
CN106801180B (zh) * | 2017-01-12 | 2018-03-16 | 安徽三联学院 | 一种高韧性低应力金属陶瓷 |
WO2018193659A1 (ja) * | 2017-04-19 | 2018-10-25 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 超硬合金、それを含む切削工具および超硬合金の製造方法 |
CN107760955B (zh) * | 2017-11-29 | 2019-07-02 | 成都创客之家科技有限公司 | 一种氮化硅基金属陶瓷材料 |
CN109972014A (zh) * | 2017-12-28 | 2019-07-05 | 厦门钨业股份有限公司 | 一种TiCN基金属陶瓷 |
CN108637338A (zh) * | 2018-05-21 | 2018-10-12 | 浙江普菲特切削工具有限公司 | 一种强韧化金属陶瓷材料及由其制成的立铣刀 |
CN109128136B (zh) * | 2018-08-22 | 2021-06-29 | 株洲欧科亿数控精密刀具股份有限公司 | 一种钢件加工用涂层刀片及其制备方法 |
CN109338198A (zh) * | 2018-12-26 | 2019-02-15 | 河源普益硬质合金厂有限公司 | 一种高性能yc50硬质合金及其加工方法 |
CN113999013A (zh) * | 2021-11-03 | 2022-02-01 | 哈尔滨理工大学 | 一种反应热压烧结法低温制备碳氮化物-硅化物固溶体复相陶瓷的方法 |
CN115233073B (zh) * | 2022-07-07 | 2023-02-24 | 九江学院 | 一种具有芯-环结构的(W,Ti)(C,N)基金属陶瓷材料及其原位合成方法 |
CN115650236B (zh) * | 2022-12-13 | 2023-04-07 | 淄博高新技术产业开发区Mems研究院 | 一种碳化钛-碳化钽固溶体、制备方法及其用途 |
Family Cites Families (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS59229431A (ja) * | 1983-05-20 | 1984-12-22 | Mitsubishi Metal Corp | 切削工具用高靭性サ−メツトの製造法 |
JPS602646A (ja) * | 1983-06-20 | 1985-01-08 | Mitsubishi Metal Corp | 切削工具用炭化タングステン基超硬合金 |
US4857108A (en) * | 1986-11-20 | 1989-08-15 | Sandvik Ab | Cemented carbonitride alloy with improved plastic deformation resistance |
JP2710934B2 (ja) * | 1987-07-23 | 1998-02-10 | 日立金属株式会社 | サーメット合金 |
JPH0711048B2 (ja) * | 1988-11-29 | 1995-02-08 | 東芝タンガロイ株式会社 | 高強度窒素含有サーメット及びその製造方法 |
JP2706502B2 (ja) * | 1989-01-13 | 1998-01-28 | 日本特殊陶業株式会社 | 工具用サーメット |
SE467257B (sv) * | 1989-06-26 | 1992-06-22 | Sandvik Ab | Sintrad titanbaserad karbonitridlegering med duplexa strukturer |
EP0417333B1 (de) * | 1989-09-11 | 1996-12-27 | Mitsubishi Materials Corporation | Cermet und dessen Herstellungsverfahren |
EP0495101A4 (en) * | 1990-07-30 | 1993-02-03 | Nippon Carbide Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Hard alloy |
SE9101385D0 (sv) * | 1991-05-07 | 1991-05-07 | Sandvik Ab | Sintrad karbonitridlegering med styrd korn- storlek |
-
1994
- 1994-01-22 EP EP94904953A patent/EP0689617B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-01-22 ES ES94904953T patent/ES2102200T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-01-22 AT AT94904953T patent/ATE149580T1/de active
- 1994-01-22 JP JP6520481A patent/JPH08508066A/ja active Pending
- 1994-01-22 US US08/507,442 patent/US5670726A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-01-22 WO PCT/DE1994/000048 patent/WO1994021835A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 1994-03-10 CN CN94102287A patent/CN1054164C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO9421835A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0689617B1 (de) | 1997-03-05 |
ES2102200T3 (es) | 1997-07-16 |
CN1054164C (zh) | 2000-07-05 |
CN1093121A (zh) | 1994-10-05 |
JPH08508066A (ja) | 1996-08-27 |
ATE149580T1 (de) | 1997-03-15 |
WO1994021835A1 (de) | 1994-09-29 |
US5670726A (en) | 1997-09-23 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP0689617B1 (de) | Cermet und verfahren zu seiner herstellung | |
EP3426813B1 (de) | Zerspanungswerkzeug | |
DE60128699T2 (de) | Körper aus chromhaltigem zementiertem karbid mit binderangereicherter oberflächenzone | |
DE3346873C2 (de) | ||
DE68910081T2 (de) | Schneidkörperblatt und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung. | |
DE3418403C2 (de) | Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Cermets mit hoher Zähigkeit zur Verwendung in Schneidwerkzeugen | |
DE10356470B4 (de) | Zirkonium und Niob enthaltender Hartmetallkörper und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung und seine Verwendung | |
DE69018280T2 (de) | Hartmetallbohrer. | |
DE69208520T2 (de) | Karbonitrid auf Titanbasis mit Anreicherung der Bindemetallphase | |
DE68913704T2 (de) | Cermet-Legierung. | |
DE69734515T2 (de) | Gesinterte hartlegierung | |
EP3247813B1 (de) | Hartmetall-cermet-verbundwerkstoff und verfahren zu dessen herstellung | |
DE10135790A1 (de) | Feinkörniges Sinterhartmetall, Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung und Verwendung | |
DE2407410B2 (de) | Karbidhartmetall mit ausscheidungshärtbarer metallischer Matrix | |
DE3884959T2 (de) | Cermet-schneidevorrichtung. | |
DE3884310T2 (de) | Verbundlegierung. | |
DE68927586T2 (de) | Cermet und dessen Herstellungsverfahren | |
DE69203652T2 (de) | Gesinterte Karbonitridlegierung mit hochlegierter Bindemetallphase. | |
DE2407411B2 (de) | Wärmebeständige und verschleißfeste Legierung auf Nickelbasis | |
DE4417799C2 (de) | Cermet-Sinterkörper | |
EP0214679B1 (de) | Korrosionsfeste Hartmetall-Legierung | |
DE69303998T2 (de) | Gesinterte Karbonitridlegierung und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung | |
DE112021005360T5 (de) | Pulverisier-/rühr-/misch-/knetmaschinenkomponente | |
DE69304284T2 (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer gesinterten Karbonitridenlegierung mit verbesserter Zähigkeit | |
DE4000937A1 (de) | Cermet fuer werkzeuge |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19950906 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK ES FR GB IT LI NL PT SE |
|
GRAG | Despatch of communication of intention to grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA |
|
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 19960222 |
|
GRAH | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA |
|
GRAH | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA |
|
GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK ES FR GB IT LI NL PT SE |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NL Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 19970305 Ref country code: IT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT;WARNING: LAPSES OF ITALIAN PATENTS WITH EFFECTIVE DATE BEFORE 2007 MAY HAVE OCCURRED AT ANY TIME BEFORE 2007. THE CORRECT EFFECTIVE DATE MAY BE DIFFERENT FROM THE ONE RECORDED. Effective date: 19970305 Ref country code: DK Effective date: 19970305 |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 149580 Country of ref document: AT Date of ref document: 19970315 Kind code of ref document: T |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: EP |
|
GBT | Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977) |
Effective date: 19970305 |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 59401948 Country of ref document: DE Date of ref document: 19970410 |
|
ET | Fr: translation filed | ||
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: PT Effective date: 19970605 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: ES Ref legal event code: FG2A Ref document number: 2102200 Country of ref document: ES Kind code of ref document: T3 |
|
NLV1 | Nl: lapsed or annulled due to failure to fulfill the requirements of art. 29p and 29m of the patents act | ||
PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 19980131 Ref country code: CH Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 19980131 Ref country code: BE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 19980131 |
|
26N | No opposition filed | ||
BERE | Be: lapsed |
Owner name: WIDIA G.M.B.H. Effective date: 19980131 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: PL |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: AT Payment date: 19991230 Year of fee payment: 7 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SE Payment date: 20001213 Year of fee payment: 8 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: AT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20010122 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: ES Payment date: 20010228 Year of fee payment: 8 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: IF02 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20020123 Ref country code: ES Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20020123 |
|
EUG | Se: european patent has lapsed |
Ref document number: 94904953.0 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Payment date: 20080124 Year of fee payment: 15 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Payment date: 20080111 Year of fee payment: 15 |
|
GBPC | Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20090122 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: ST Effective date: 20091030 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20090122 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20090202 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Payment date: 20130116 Year of fee payment: 20 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R071 Ref document number: 59401948 Country of ref document: DE |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF EXPIRATION OF PROTECTION Effective date: 20140123 |