EP0686212B1 - Verfahren zur herstellung eines metallteils, das mit anorganischen materialien beschichtet ist, hergestelltes teil und seine verwendung. - Google Patents

Verfahren zur herstellung eines metallteils, das mit anorganischen materialien beschichtet ist, hergestelltes teil und seine verwendung. Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0686212B1
EP0686212B1 EP94907607A EP94907607A EP0686212B1 EP 0686212 B1 EP0686212 B1 EP 0686212B1 EP 94907607 A EP94907607 A EP 94907607A EP 94907607 A EP94907607 A EP 94907607A EP 0686212 B1 EP0686212 B1 EP 0686212B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
coating
layer
less
pipe
produced
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP94907607A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0686212A1 (de
Inventor
Didier Perrin
Stéphane EBALARD
Pierre Genelot
Simone Rey
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Pont a Mousson SA
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Pont a Mousson SA
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • C23C28/04—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings of inorganic non-metallic material
    • C23C28/044—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings of inorganic non-metallic material coatings specially adapted for cutting tools or wear applications
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • C23C28/04—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings of inorganic non-metallic material
    • C23C28/048—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings of inorganic non-metallic material with layers graded in composition or physical properties
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23D—ENAMELLING OF, OR APPLYING A VITREOUS LAYER TO, METALS
    • C23D5/00—Coating with enamels or vitreous layers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the manufacture a metal pipe coated with mineral materials.
  • the invention relates to the manufacture of a metal pipe of ductile iron coated with at least two layers of a mineral coating based on silica and oxide sodium.
  • the mineral coating provides protection effective of the metal part and has good chemical inertia towards a fluid in contact with it.
  • Document DE-A-27 39 919 discloses a process of metallic surface enameling by applying two layers powder enamel.
  • the first layer is deposited at minus 250 ° C on a support previously treated with minus one of the elements nickel, cobalt or manganese. This temperature is not specific to that of a hot metal.
  • this document does not teach thicknesses enamel to achieve the object of the invention.
  • the object of the invention is to obtain a metal pipe whose coating which provides a protective role and a chemical inertness, adheres to the substrate, and has little open pores to form a barrier passive between the fluid and the substrate.
  • the method of manufacturing a metal pipe coated with at least two layers of mineral materials based on silica and sodium oxide is of the type according to which, the metal pipe being a ductile iron pipe , three layers of mineral coating are successively applied to at least part of the surface of said pipe to be treated, this pipe being at a temperature above 700 ° C., the elements of mineral material being present in different proportions depending on the layers, the making the first coating layer by applying the material in powder form, said layer consisting of an enamel having the following composition by weight: SiO 2 50 to 70% CaO + MgO 5 to 20% B 2 O 3 less than 10 % CoO less than 2% Fe 2 O 3 less than 5% Al 2 O 3 less than 10 % Na 2 O + K 2 O 15 to 25% F 2 less than 2% NiO less than 2%, and being produced at a thickness of less than 200 ⁇ m and the production of the second coating layer being carried out, on a hot pipe, by application of the material in powder form, and on a pipe at room temperature, by
  • the first coating layer must be sufficiently covering to form a film antioxidant and said layer should be thin enough to allow degassing and settling of gas bubbles from the reaction between the first layer and the metal.
  • the first layer must be made of a material which has the required fluidity.
  • the fluidity of the mineral material When making the first layer of coating, the fluidity of the mineral material must be adapted to ensure a fusion of the powder, necessary for a coating of the substrate and an adhesion to the substrate, and to limit the chemical reactions between the substrate and the first coating layer.
  • a reducing substrate such as cast iron
  • a first layer of oxidative coating pose a risk oxidation-reduction reaction with degassing and appearance of blisters.
  • Too fluid a composition may cause drainage of the coating, with the defects which would follow, loss of the covering aspect and oxidation of the substrate.
  • An insufficiently fluid composition will not allow not a good melting of the powder, and therefore a lack of adhesion and poor coverage, resulting in risk of substrate oxidation.
  • Oxidation of the substrate is particularly marked during heat treatments at high temperature.
  • the fluidity of the composition largely depends on the silica content and flux content.
  • the mineral material is reduced during its development.
  • the first coating layer In order to allow the powder to melt, for a good coating and good adhesion, we realize the first coating layer with a thickness of 100 ⁇ m.
  • making the second coating layer is carried out by applying the mineral material in the form dry powder.
  • the second coating layer of mineral material by application of said mineral material which is an enamel of the following composition by weight: SiO 2 40 to 60%; CaO + MgO less than 5% Li 2 O less than 5% TiO 2 5 to 15% NiO less than 2% ZnO less than 2% Al 2 O 3 less than 10% Na 2 O + K 2 O 15 to 20% B 2 O 3 5 to 15% CoO less than 2% Sb 2 O 3 less than 2%
  • the second layer of coating with a thickness greater than 100 ⁇ m.
  • the second coating layer is produced at a thickness of 200 ⁇ m.
  • a coating is made on the surface of the part of revolution by application of three layers of mineral materials, the material forming the third layer being applied as a powder or slip.
  • the third layer is produced by applying an enamel having the following composition by weight: SiO 2 40 to 60%; CaO + MgO less than 5% Li 2 O less than 5% TiO 2 5 to 15% NiO less than 2% ZnO less than 2% Al 2 O 3 less than 10% Na 2 O + K 2 O 15 to 20% B 2 O 3 5 to 15% CoO less than 2% Sb 2 O 3 less than 2%
  • This composition which can be the same as that of the second layer or that may vary from this last, allows to cover the previous layers in forming a covering film.
  • the third layer is made at a thickness greater than 100 ⁇ m.
  • This process makes it possible to deposit the coating during the fabrication of the metal part of revolution and take advantage of the metal's thermal energy to achieve the fusion of the first layer.
  • the invention also relates to a part hollow metal of revolution, coated on the part internal of its surface of mineral materials, this piece being manufactured in accordance with the process described above.
  • This part allows to transport fluids aggressive without the characteristics of these fluids are altered or the hollow part of revolution is deteriorated.
  • the invention also relates to the use of the part obtained according to the process defined above for the transport of aggressive fluids.
  • the cast iron liquid undergoes magnesium treatment then a inoculation. Inoculation of the cast iron is carried out at using an inoculant such as ferro-silicon introduced in liquid iron in powder or wire form, known manner, for example the document FR-A-2 546 783 at name of the Applicant.
  • an inoculant such as ferro-silicon introduced in liquid iron in powder or wire form, known manner, for example the document FR-A-2 546 783 at name of the Applicant.
  • the method includes a centrifugal operation of the cast iron.
  • the first layer 4 of coating 2 is produced at a thickness of 100 ⁇ m, by application of a reduced enamel of the following composition: SiO 2 balance CaO + MgO 10% B 2 O 3 5% CoO 1% Fe 2 O 3 2% Al 2 O 3 5% Na 2 O + K 2 O 22% F 2 1% NiO 1%
  • This enamel is applied as a dry powder.
  • the pipe element 1 is graphitized.
  • the second coating layer 5 2 is produced at a thickness of 200 ⁇ m, by applying an enamel in the form of powder, said enamel being of the following composition by weight: SiO 2 balance CaO + MgO 0.5% Li 2 O 4% TiO 2 6.5% NiO 0.5% ZnO 0.5% Al 2 O 3 6% Na 2 O + K 2 O 19% B 2 O 3 11% CoO 1.5% Sb 2 O 3 1%
  • the second coating layer 5 is applied on the piping element 1 at a temperature included between 800 ° and 700 ° C. Then we ferritize of piping element 1 within a temperature range below 800 ° C, which ensures that the second layer 5 of coating 2. Then the third layer 6 of coating 2 with a thickness of 200 ⁇ m by applying enamel in the form of a composition powder identical to the composition of the enamel of the second coating layer 2 presented above. This powder is deposited on the pipe element 1 at a temperature less than 800 ° C.
  • the cast iron obtained after the centrifugation is a gray perlitic graphite cast iron spheroidal.
  • the process then differs from that described previously in that we do not operate graphitization of piping element 1.
  • the piping element is subsequently subjected to ferritization treatment in a temperature range below 800 ° C, and the baking of the second layer 5 coating 2 takes place simultaneously with the ferritization of the piping element 1.
  • the cast iron obtained after centrifugation is a graphite ferritic gray iron spheroidal.
  • the process then differs from the process of first variant in that one does not operate from ferritization of the pipe element 1 and in that baking of the second layer 5 of coating 2 at temperature between 800 ° and 700 ° C of said element 1 after the laying of the second layer 5 of coating 2.
  • the third layer enamel is deposited in the form of a slip while the piping element 1 is at ambient temperature.
  • the piping element 1 obtainable by the process according to the invention, including the three variants described above, is a ductile iron pipe 3 having on the internal part of its surface a coating 2 of enamel consisting of three layers 4, 5, 6.
  • This pipe has at one end a plain end 8 and at its other end a socket 7 adapted to receive the plain end of a other identical pipe.
  • the micrography of the enamel coating 2 on an area adjoining the cast iron substrate represents the substrate, the interface between substrate 3 and the coating 2, the second layer 5 of coating 2 and the third coating layer 6 2.
  • the substrate 3 is a spheroidal graphite ferritic iron. At the level of the interface between the substrate and the coating, the skin of oxides has been dissolved. The first layer 4 of coating 2 has been absorbed by the second layer 5 of coating 2. The interface between the coating and the cast iron substrate 3 is consistent, and presents little porosities. Localized surface attack of the substrate leads to the formation of anchor sites for the coating 2.
  • the second layer 5 has a limited porosity.
  • the third coating layer 6 2 does not have no decohesion with the second layer 5 of coating 2. It has a very low porosity, forms a smooth surface and achieves a very good closure of the coating.
  • the method according to the invention makes it possible to coat even oxidized metal parts with skin of adherent oxides with a thickness of less than 20 ⁇ m.
  • the invention allows a gain in productivity and in thermal energy.
  • the invention makes it possible to delete one or more several specific steps for firing the enamel.
  • the pipes obtained make it possible to carry out transport lines for aggressive fluids, such as acid solutions, solutions with a high content of dissolved CO 2 , abrasive fluids, industrial discharges, waste water or sewage sludge.
  • aggressive fluids such as acid solutions, solutions with a high content of dissolved CO 2 , abrasive fluids, industrial discharges, waste water or sewage sludge.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
  • Glass Compositions (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Silicates, Zeolites, And Molecular Sieves (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
  • Chemically Coating (AREA)
  • Compounds Of Alkaline-Earth Elements, Aluminum Or Rare-Earth Metals (AREA)

Claims (20)

  1. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Metallrohrs, das mit drei Schichten aus anorganischen Materialien auf der Basis von Kieselsäure und Natriumoxid beschichtet ist,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
    nacheinander drei Schichten (4, 5, 6) einer anorganischen Beschichtung (2) auf mindestens ein Teil der Oberfläche des zu behandelnden Metallrohrs, bei dem es sich um ein Rohr (1) aus duktilem Gußeisen handelt, aufgebracht werden, wobei dieses Rohr eine Temperatur oberhalb von 700 °C aufweist, wobei die Bestandteile des anorganischen Materials in Abhängigkeit von der Schicht in unterschiedlichen Anteilen enthalten sind, wobei die Herstellung der ersten Schicht (4) der Beschichtung (2) während der Herstellung des Rohrs durch Schleudergießen durch Aufbringen des pulverförmigen Materials erfolgt, wobei die Schicht aus einem Email besteht, das die folgende, in Gewichtsprozent angegebene Zusammensetzung SiO2 50 bis 70 % CaO + MgO 5 bis 20 % B2O3 weniger als 10 % CoO weniger als 2 % Fe2O3 weniger als 5 % Al2O3 weniger als 10 % Na2O + K2O 15 bis 25 % F2 weniger als 2 % NiO weniger als 2 %,
    aufweist, und in einer Dicke unter 200 µm hergestellt wird und wobei die Herstellung der zweiten Schicht (5) der Beschichtung (2) auf dem heißen Rohr während dessen Abkühlung durch Aufbringen des pulverförmigen Materials erfolgt, wobei diese zweite Schicht in einer Dicke von mehr als 100 µm erzeugt wird und nach dem Aufbringen eingebrannt wird.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Email während seiner Herstellung reduziert wird.
  3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die erste Schicht (4) der Beschichtung (2) in einer Dicke von 100 µm hergestellt wird.
  4. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das für die Bildung der zweiten Schicht (5) der Beschichtung (2) aufgebrachte anorganische Material ein Email mit der folgenden, in Gewichtsprozent angegebenen Zusammensetzung ist: SiO2 40 bis 60 % CaO + MgO unter 5 % Li2O unter 5 % TiO2 5 bis 15 % NiO unter 2 % ZnO unter 2 % Al2O3 unter 10 % Na2O + K2O 15 bis 20 % B2O3 5 bis 15 % CoO unter 2 % Sb2O3 unter 2 %.
  5. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die zweite Schicht (5) der Beschichtung (2) in einer Dicke von 200 µm hergestellt wird.
  6. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das die dritte Schicht bildende Material in Pulverform oder als Schlicker aufgebracht wird.
  7. Verfahren nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die dritte Schicht (6) der Beschichtung (2) durch Aufbringen eines Emails mit der folgenden, in Gewichtsprozent angegebenen Zusammensetzung hergestellt wird: SiO2 40 bis 60 % CaO + MgO unter 5 % Li2O unter 5 % TiO2 5 bis 15 % NiO unter 2 % ZnO unter 2 % Al2O3 unter 10 % Na2O + K2O 15 bis 20 % B2O3 5 bis 15 % CoO unter 2 % Sb2O3 unter 2 %.
  8. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 6 und 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die dritte Schicht (6) der Beschichtung (2) in einer Dicke von mehr als 100 µm hergestellt wird.
  9. Verfahren nach dem vorhergehenden Anspruch, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die dritte Schicht (6) der Beschichtung (2) in einer Dicke von 200 µm erzeugt wird.
  10. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Herstellung des Metallrohrs aus einem flüssigen Gußeisen mindestens die folgenden aufeinanderfolgenden Schritte umfaßt:
    Behandeln mit Magnesium,
    Beimpfen,
    Schleudergießen des Gußeisens, wobei in dessen Verlauf die erste Schicht (4) der Beschichtung (2) wie in einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3 hergestellt wird.
  11. Verfahren nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das aus Gußeisen bestehende Rohr eine Temperatur von 800 bis 700 °C aufweist, wenn die zweite Schicht (5) der Beschichtung (2) wie in einem der Ansprüche 4 und 5 aufgebracht wird.
  12. Verfahren nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß nach der Herstellung der ersten Schicht (4) der Beschichtung (2) die zweite Schicht (5) der Beschichtung (2) nach dem Schleudergießen auf das Rohr aufgebracht wird.
  13. Verfahren nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß nach der Herstellung der ersten Schicht (4) der Beschichtung (2) die zweite Schicht (5) der Beschichtung (2) während des Schleudergießens hergestellt wird.
  14. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 11 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß nach der Herstellung der zweiten Schicht (5) der Beschichtung (2) eine Wärmebehandlung des Rohrs zur Ferritbildung in einem Temperaturbereich unter 800 °C durchgeführt wird, wobei auf die der Ferritbildung dienende thermischen Behandlung die Herstellung der dritten Schicht (6) der Beschichtung (2) wie in einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 8 folgt.
  15. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 11 und 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß nach dem Schleudergießen des Rohrs und vor der Herstellung der zweiten Schicht (5) der Beschichtung (2) eine der Graphitierung dienende Wärmebehandlung des Gußeisens durchgeführt wird.
  16. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 11 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß nach der Herstellung der zweiten Schicht (5) der Beschichtung (2) eine dem Einbrennen dienende Behandlung des Rohrs bei einer Temperatur von 800 bis 700 °C durchgeführt wird.
  17. Verfahren nach dem vorhergehenden Anspruch, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß nach dem Einbrennen eine dritte Schicht (6) der Beschichtung (2) wie in einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 8 aufgebracht wird.
  18. Verfahren nach Anspruch 14 oder 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß nach dem Auftragen der dritten Schicht (6) der Beschichtung (2) in Form eines Schlickers ein Einbrennen der Beschichtung bei einer Temperatur von 750 bis 700 °C durchgeführt wird.
  19. Metallrohr (1), das auf der Innenseite seiner Oberfläche mit drei Schichten aus anorganischem Material beschichtet ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es wie in einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 18 hergestellt ist.
  20. Verwendung des Metallrohrs (1) nach Anspruch 19 für den Transport aggressiver Fluide, insbesondere von Säurelösungen, Lösungen mit einem großen Gehalt an gelöstem CO2, abrasiv wirkenden Fluiden, industriellem Austraggut, Abwässern oder Klärschlämmen.
EP94907607A 1993-02-26 1994-02-23 Verfahren zur herstellung eines metallteils, das mit anorganischen materialien beschichtet ist, hergestelltes teil und seine verwendung. Expired - Lifetime EP0686212B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9302419A FR2701963B1 (fr) 1993-02-26 1993-02-26 Procédé de fabrication d'une pièce métallique revêtue de matériaux minéraux, pièce obtenue et son utilisation.
FR9302419 1993-02-26
PCT/FR1994/000197 WO1994019511A1 (fr) 1993-02-26 1994-02-23 Procede de fabrication d'une piece metallique revetue de materiaux mineraux, piece obtenue et son utilisation

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0686212A1 EP0686212A1 (de) 1995-12-13
EP0686212B1 true EP0686212B1 (de) 2000-06-14

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EP94907607A Expired - Lifetime EP0686212B1 (de) 1993-02-26 1994-02-23 Verfahren zur herstellung eines metallteils, das mit anorganischen materialien beschichtet ist, hergestelltes teil und seine verwendung.

Country Status (22)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0686212B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE193906T1 (de)
AU (1) AU678818B2 (de)
BG (1) BG99883A (de)
BR (1) BR9406163A (de)
CA (1) CA2157008A1 (de)
CZ (1) CZ284752B6 (de)
DE (1) DE69424933T2 (de)
EG (1) EG20502A (de)
ES (1) ES2147572T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2701963B1 (de)
HR (1) HRP940138A2 (de)
HU (1) HUT72451A (de)
NO (1) NO953355D0 (de)
PL (1) PL310406A1 (de)
RU (1) RU2131483C1 (de)
SI (1) SI9400090A (de)
SK (1) SK104295A3 (de)
TN (1) TNSN94019A1 (de)
TR (1) TR28278A (de)
WO (1) WO1994019511A1 (de)
ZA (1) ZA941307B (de)

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR583070A (de) * 1922-11-28 1925-01-06
GB228529A (en) * 1924-02-01 1925-11-12 Gelsenkirchener Bergwerks Ag Improvements in or relating to the coating of hollow bodies
US3484266A (en) * 1966-07-05 1969-12-16 Smith Corp A O Method of internally coating tubular members with glass
FR2297817A1 (fr) * 1975-01-16 1976-08-13 Pont A Mousson Procede et installation de fabrication d'objets tubulaires en fonte revetus interieurement de ver
CA1075270A (en) * 1976-03-26 1980-04-08 Eagle-Picher Industries Method and composition for preparing a ferrous surface for porcelain enameling
GR59196B (en) * 1976-09-08 1977-11-25 Bisch Andre Process producing glassy coverings and several objects
EP0036558A1 (de) * 1980-03-22 1981-09-30 Bayer Ag Beschichteter Metallgegenstand und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
RU2131483C1 (ru) 1999-06-10
SI9400090A (en) 1994-12-31
SK104295A3 (en) 1996-03-06
HU9502510D0 (en) 1995-10-30
BR9406163A (pt) 1996-01-09
DE69424933T2 (de) 2000-10-19
FR2701963A1 (fr) 1994-09-02
CA2157008A1 (fr) 1994-09-01
AU6111394A (en) 1994-09-14
ATE193906T1 (de) 2000-06-15
PL310406A1 (en) 1995-12-11
TNSN94019A1 (fr) 1995-04-25
NO953355L (no) 1995-08-25
CZ284752B6 (cs) 1999-02-17
HRP940138A2 (en) 1996-08-31
TR28278A (tr) 1996-04-05
EP0686212A1 (de) 1995-12-13
CZ213495A3 (en) 1997-04-16
HUT72451A (en) 1996-04-29
DE69424933D1 (de) 2000-07-20
EG20502A (en) 1999-06-30
ZA941307B (en) 1994-09-30
AU678818B2 (en) 1997-06-12
ES2147572T3 (es) 2000-09-16
BG99883A (en) 1996-02-29
FR2701963B1 (fr) 1995-04-21
WO1994019511A1 (fr) 1994-09-01
NO953355D0 (no) 1995-08-25

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