EP0678141A1 - Composite building partition element which can be transparent and/or insulating and process for the manufacture of a number of said elements. - Google Patents

Composite building partition element which can be transparent and/or insulating and process for the manufacture of a number of said elements.

Info

Publication number
EP0678141A1
EP0678141A1 EP94904200A EP94904200A EP0678141A1 EP 0678141 A1 EP0678141 A1 EP 0678141A1 EP 94904200 A EP94904200 A EP 94904200A EP 94904200 A EP94904200 A EP 94904200A EP 0678141 A1 EP0678141 A1 EP 0678141A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
frame
panels
plastic
elements
panel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP94904200A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0678141B1 (en
Inventor
Patrick Vassal
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from FR9300067A external-priority patent/FR2700182B1/en
Priority claimed from FR9311195A external-priority patent/FR2710088B1/en
Priority claimed from FR9312254A external-priority patent/FR2711167B1/en
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0678141A1 publication Critical patent/EP0678141A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0678141B1 publication Critical patent/EP0678141B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C1/00—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings
    • E04C1/42—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings of glass or other transparent material

Definitions

  • Composite building element of walls which can be transparent and / or insulating and method of manufacturing some of these elements.
  • the present invention relates to construction elements
  • the technical sector of the invention is the field of construction and decoration of buildings.
  • One of the main applications of the invention is the production of glass blocks for constructing transparent or translucent, vertical, horizontal and / or curved walls.
  • Another application is the production of composite construction elements having good thermal and sound insulation characteristics.
  • the application making it possible to use all of the possibilities offered by the present invention and described below is then the production of blocks or glass bricks making it possible to form walls which are both transparent or translucent and well insulating.
  • edges carrying the weld line and this protrudes outside which then increases the difficulty: without an additional operation of finishing the edges, it is excluded that can mount them on top of each other with simple interposition of a thin layer of glue for example.
  • this cuff is firmly connected to the glass brick, household between two bricks placed one against the other a visible joint of usual width and is provided with hollows and grooves allowing either the passage of connecting reinforcements, or their interlocking to allow their alignment and their maintenance in position.
  • the panel thus formed of transparent or other paving stones directly assembled together, either by a rigid link, or by nesting of compatible grooves, with an external peripheral frame of a material having an elasticity. sufficient to absorb the possible stresses of the wall which carries said panel, in order to avoid cracking of its elements.
  • the problem is therefore to be able to quickly assemble construction elements quickly and without too much specialized labor.
  • composites of which at least one material which constitutes them can be brittle and having to be incorporated in or between walls of construction of different structure, in order to produce walls without risk of cracking of these, with good strength and mechanical strength and allowing more to obtain good thermal and / or sound insulation between the two volumes that these walls can delimit.
  • a solution to the problem posed is a composite building element of walls constituted by a plastic frame surrounding, at the periphery of said element, at least part of the edge of a central panel and made of material which can be brittle: said frame includes blocking means between the adjoining elements, constituted by projections and complementary imprints, and is made of a plastic material having a degree of shore hardness giving it sufficient resistance to compression to ensure the permanence of the dimensions of the wall built with such elements; according to the invention, said plastic material simultaneously has a rate of elasticity sufficient to absorb any stresses imposed by the shell which receives said panel and thus preserve the integrity of the panel.
  • said construction element is constituted by means of at least two adjoining panels, such as two glass shells, with interposition between them of said plastic frame, on the edges of which on either side, bear the edges of each of the panels, delimiting with said frame an interior cavity;
  • said plastic frame may have on its internal wall facing the edges of said panels, on either side of its median plane, ribs which become encrusted during the assembly of said panels in corresponding grooves carried peripherally by said edges of said panels; similarly, said frame may also include housings intended to receive anchoring irons of said wall in the building which is to receive it.
  • said frame and said panels forming said element maintain between the edge of the panels, a plastic sheet having a wall equal to the total surface of each of the panels and which face each other and enclose it, forming inside the element a tight central partition separating the cavity formed by the two panels and the frame into two cavities; said sheet of plastic material is made of a material having a coefficient of thermal transmission lower than that of the material constituting the assembled panels.
  • said plastic frame has in trapezoidal horizontal longitudinal orthogonal section, while retaining in parallel cross section a parallelogrammatic shape making it possible to organize vertical panels conforming to a shape general substantially curved in the horizontal plane according to the angle given to the trapezoid.
  • the two said panels which constitute said construction element are therefore glass shells which then constitute a glass brick.
  • the result is new construction elements composed of walls which can be transparent and / or insulating, which respond to the problem posed above and which make it possible to achieve the objectives of the present invention.
  • each building element such as a glass block, perfectly standard, can be introduced into a mold and receive by injection at its periphery an envelope in the form of a belt made of a hot-melt plastic material having the hardness adequate shore.
  • Said belt or plastic frame can be also manufactured by extrusion, then folded to form a frame of the same shape and the same perimeter as the building element according to the invention, such as a glass block, the ends of the extruded ribbon then being glued together.
  • Said frame or belt surrounds a part or all of the width of the edge of the building element peripherally and includes interlocking means capable of cooperating with each other to allow their spontaneous alignment to be obtained by their simple suitable juxtaposition.
  • Said belt according to the invention can also receive building irons which together constitute a gridded mesh which ensures the rigidity of the panel at the same time as its anchoring in the shell, said irons remaining invisible, being thus embedded between the two belt elements which are interposed between each element and those adjacent.
  • this plastic belt which takes part in the connection of the elements together, also takes part in the reduction of the thermal bridge previously noted at this level, the plastic having a coefficient 'i "of heat transmission lower than that" ⁇ 2 "of the mortar of connection usually used with normal building components.
  • this coefficient “J i” of plastic material can also be chosen to be also lower than “3” of the material constituting the central panel of said elements, the connection of these at least two panels thus being able to be carried out according to the invention, no longer by direct peripheral fixing of the two panels together, but by means of the peripheral plastic belt itself.
  • the peripheral connection of the two glass shells which constitute it, by means of the plastic belt breaks the continuity of the thermal conduction between the two faces of the glass block.
  • the thermal transmission coefficient " ⁇ Ji" of such an assembly is further reduced by a sheet of semi-rigid plastic material having a "J4" lower than that of the material used for the panels, such as glass, and inserted between the two panels constituting the central part of the building element, such as a glass brick: the overall thermal transmittance coefficient "" thus obtained, may even be even lower than that which can be obtained by putting the vacuum internal volume of the construction element produced between the panels which constitute it and said belt, and without however undergoing the technological constraints or the cost that this operation requires, or causing the frame to deform. Hence a reduced cost price, however, corresponding to an improved "- ⁇ ".
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view of a wall portion formed of building elements, object of the invention, showing its metallic anchoring mesh.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a glass brick equipped according to the invention.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic profile view of the same element.
  • Figure 4 is a partial schematic view of an angle seen from face of the same element.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic profile view of a glass brick equipped in such a way that it allows the construction of a curved vertical transparent wall.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic view broken in the height direction of a prismatic element inserted between the blocks according to Figures 2, 3 or 4, in order to build a curved vertical transparent wall.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic plan view of a curved transparent vertical wall constructed (in 7a according to the means shown in Figure 5. in 7a according to the means shown in Figure 6).
  • Figure 8 is a schematic elevational view of a glass block manufactured according to the invention, of which Figure 4 was a partial view.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic vertical sectional view along AA of Figure 8 of an insulating brick.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic view in median vertical section along AA of FIG. 8, of a glass brick taken as an example of an insulating construction element constituted according to the invention with an interior partition.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic view in median vertical section along AA, of the same element as in FIG. 10, according to a variant of the manufacturing method of the invention.
  • the perfectly standard glass block brick 1 which is usually constituted by two shells assembled by welding and which normally has a wide peripheral groove 2, receives the belt peripherally, for example by injection into a suitable mold.
  • 3 made of a hot-melt plastic material such as polystyrene or polyvinyl chloride: this material must have a degree of shore hardness giving it sufficient resistance to compression to ensure the permanence of the dimensions of the panel made up of such elements, at the same time as a rate of elasticity sufficient to absorb the possible constraints imposed by the structural work which receives said panel, said belt 3 being thus made captive of groove 2.
  • Said 3t belt which expands across its width peripherally beyond the groove 2, substantially over the entire thickness of the brick 1, over a thickness, itself constant and sufficient to ensure the absorption of the possible stresses of the structural work which receives the panel, has at its periphery outer one or more projections, such as the longitudinal rib 4, and one or more complementary female imprints, such as the longitudinal groove 5. arranged symmetrically with the projection (s) relative to the longitudinal vertical median plane of the brick, so as to come each in coincidence with the complementary element of the adjacent paving stone (s) placed a contrario, which allows perfect natural alignment of the panels thus formed.
  • the belt 3 further comprises, organized on each of its sides at equal distance on either side of the same longitudinal vertical median plane, the longitudinal grooves 6 and 7. capable of forming with the similar grooves of the adjacent block or blocks of the channels continuous through the panel, capable of receiving a round iron from the building, preferably stainless which, thus embedded in the plastic element joining the paving stones, ensures the rigidity of the panel of which it constitutes the frame, and protruding from the latter , also ensures its anchoring in the shell, according to Figure 1.
  • a longitudinal groove 8 located in said median plane makes it possible to receive another iron oriented orthogonally with respect to the previous ones so as to form with them a grid mesh.
  • the plastic belt 3 can have a trapezoidal shape in horizontal longitudinal section (FIG. 5).
  • said belt retaining a parallelogrammatic shape in vertical cross section, which makes it possible to organize the adjacent paving stones to form a panel according to a vertical surface that is substantially curved in the horizontal plane (7a in FIG. 7). according to the angle given to the trapezoid, placing contiguous and in the same direction their trapezoidal sides. So that it is thus possible, without the need to manufacture special glass blocks, to build walls which may be transparent with a curved vertical shape, creating a new aesthetic. 5 In this case the grooves 6, 7 and 8 also allow the positioning of the anchoring irons 9 and 10.
  • the assembly projections are formed on two adjacent sides by at least two studs 11 and on the other two sides of the belt by as many complementary bowls 12 placed on each of these sides said belt 3. in the same way as are the studs 11 by
  • the opening angle of the prism 15 conditions the radius of curvature of the wall thus constructed (7a in FIG. 7) •
  • This prism 15, made of the same plastic as the belt 3, has each of its faces 16 and 17 which form the dihedral, of a length equal to the length of one side of the brick, their height
  • prisms 1 makes it possible to reduce the investment immobilized in the stock, the latter no longer being made up only of the only type of paving stones exclusively provided with the same belt 3. in this case parallelepiped. This also makes it possible to reduce the fixed investment in injection molds, a single form of mold for a rectangular belt sufficient in this case.
  • the standard glass block can be provided, before the injection of the belt 3. on the periphery of the groove 2 of the brick 1 on either side of the median bead 13 formed by the welding of the two shells which constitute the brick 1, of a strip 14 of an inexpensive material, such as cardboard, of a thickness at most equal to the depth of said groove 2, the posterior injection of the belt 3 embedding said strips 14 in its mass which, as a result, is reduced in the volume of said strips.
  • the two shells 21 and 22 constituting the glass block 1 are linked together by the plastic belt 3 which is preferably in simultaneous contact with the peripheral edge 32 of each of the two shells, and with the outer dish of the edge of the bowl that each 5 they form: in this embodiment, said two shells or panels 21, 22 in a general case of a construction element, are joined with the interposition between them of said frame 3 of plastic material, on which the slices on both 'other, bear the edges 31 of each of the panels or glass shells, delimiting
  • the panels 21, 22 constituting the element 1 can be planar, without being in the form of a shell, by being pressed or embedded and held at their external peripheral edge directly against or in the
  • said extruded strip is sectioned so as to be placed around a matrix, of the same shape and the same perimeter as the glass brick, making it possible to give it the shape of a closed frame.
  • the glass shells 21 and 22 taken here also as an example are placed face to face at their free edge by enclosing between them a plastic sheet 23 with an area equal to the total area of each shell, such as polystyrene, polycarbonate, polyethyl acetate, or any other material, transparent or not, having a good light transmission as well as a good coefficient of thermal transmission '' 'always lower than that which characterizes each of these materials.
  • a plastic sheet 23 with an area equal to the total area of each shell, such as polystyrene, polycarbonate, polyethyl acetate, or any other material, transparent or not, having a good light transmission as well as a good coefficient of thermal transmission '' 'always lower than that which characterizes each of these materials.
  • the material used for constituting the membrane 23 is preferably in a semi-rigid form so that, when the glass shells are placed on either side of said sheet 23 under a certain external pressure, quite strong however preferably, the free edge of each shell is slightly encrusted in said sheet 23, in order to seal the cavities or empty volumes 24 and 25 thus trapped, on either side of the watertight partition thus created.
  • this operation can also be carried out at a temperature above room temperature, although below the temperature which could cause the deformation of the sheet 23; this temperature rise has the effect of naturally creating, during cooling, a certain vacuum in the cavities 24 and 25 of the shells, balanced on either side of this partition 23.
  • the plastic sheet 23 can be metallized over the entire surface of each of its faces, so as to reflect the radiation which can reach it through the transparent or translucent glass shells 21 or 22, which further reduces the thermal transmission coefficient.
  • the plastic belt 3 is put in place according to the means described above, that is to say either by molding a peripheral frame, the two shells assembled as indicated above being introduced, before the molding of the frame, in the mold adequate, either by fitting a plastic belt previously produced by extrusion by means of a die comprising the profile 26.
  • This is intended to create by juxtaposition with the adjacent brick the peripheral external housings 6, 7. 8 being able to contain the reinforcing bars of the possibly translucent wall constructed using such bricks, as well as the grooves 4, 5. male and female, necessary to ensure perfect alignment of the juxtaposed bricks.
  • the plastic frame 3 has on its internal face on either side of its median plane ribs 27 corresponding to similar grooves 28 formed in the sides of the shells 1 and 2, said ribs 27 fitting together during the assembly of said shells in the corresponding grooves so as to immobilize said shells in their assembled position, without requiring gluing.
  • the plastic sheet 23 forming the central partition is included in the median plane of the frame 3 during its own manufacturing by molding.
  • Each of the shells 21 and 22 is then forcefully introduced into the frame on either side of the central partition 23, until it locks against the internal central projection 29 of the frame 3 supporting said partition.
  • the product of the invention can be used for the construction of insulating panels of any wall, transparent or translucent, when it is glass bricks, or translucent plastic then increasing even more the thermal and / or phonic insulation, or opaque when it comes to bricks of any other material; these bricks are according to the invention, assembled as just said, and said panels can then be used for decorative purposes according to the patterns worn on the surface by each element composing it.
  • the panels are in each case assembled by juxtaposition of their plastic frame and sealed together by gluing and, thus the presence of such insulating partitions, does not modify or even can reduce, on the surfaces they occupy, the rate of heat transmission and phonic of the whole construction.
  • the irons 9. 10 used for the mesh and the anchoring in the rest of the building in which the panel thus constituted is normally incorporated, may be replaced by rods, threaded at least at their ends projecting from said panel, and having a diameter compatible with the grooves 6, 7 and 8; it is then possible to assemble and assemble the elements 1 dry, without gluing or final anchoring, and to obtain panels or walls in kit form, that is to say ready to assemble, and therefore also removable, made up elements 1, rods 9. 10, corresponding nuts, and support plates for these nuts located at the periphery of the panel and which can form an external continuous frame.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Panels For Use In Building Construction (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

Composite building element (1) for partitions (30) consisting of a plastic frame (3) which encloses, at the periphery of said element, at least one part of the side of a central panel (21, 22) and is made of a material which can be breakable. Said frame includes means for locking the contiguous elements (1) and is made of a plastic material having a Shore hardness which imparts sufficient compressive strength to guarantee constant dimensions of the partition (30) composed of such elements (1). According to the invention, said plastic material has sufficient elasticity to absorb the possible stresses exerted by the structural work into which the panel (30) is mounted and preserve the integrity of the panel (21, 22). Preferably, said building element (1) consists of at least two panels (21, 22), such as two glass shells, joined to one another with the plastic frame (3) interposed therebetween, on either side of which rest the edges (31) of each of the panels (21, 22) forming with said frame (3) an inner space (24).

Description

Elément de construction composite de parois pouvant être transparentes et/ou isolantes et procédé de fabrication de certains de ces éléments. Composite building element of walls which can be transparent and / or insulating and method of manufacturing some of these elements.
La présente invention a pour objet des éléments de constructionThe present invention relates to construction elements
> 5 composites de parois pouvant être transparentes et/ou isolantes et procédé de fabrication de certains de ces éléments.> 5 wall composites that can be transparent and / or insulating and the manufacturing process for some of these elements.
Le secteur technique de l'invention est le domaine de la construction et la décoration des bâtiments.The technical sector of the invention is the field of construction and decoration of buildings.
Une des applications principales de l'invention est la 10 réalisation de pavés de verre pour construire des parois transparentes ou translucides, verticales, horizontales et/ou courbes.One of the main applications of the invention is the production of glass blocks for constructing transparent or translucent, vertical, horizontal and / or curved walls.
Une autre application est la réalisation d'éléments de construction composite ayant de bonnes caractéristiques d'isolation thermique et phonique. 15 L'application permettant d'utiliser l'ensemble des possibilités offertes par la présente invention et décrite ci-après est alors la réalisation de pavés ou briques de verre permettant de constituer des parois à la fois transparentes ou translucides et bien isolantes.Another application is the production of composite construction elements having good thermal and sound insulation characteristics. The application making it possible to use all of the possibilities offered by the present invention and described below is then the production of blocks or glass bricks making it possible to form walls which are both transparent or translucent and well insulating.
Les pavés ou briques de verre connus à ce jour, comme beaucoupThe pavers or glass bricks known to this day, as many
20 d'autres éléments composites de construction de parois, sont en effet assemblés au moyen de mortier formant un panneau qui est lié de la même manière à l'ouvrage du bâtiment tel que la paroi principale qui le reçoit et qu'ils contribuent à réaliser.20 other composite wall construction elements are in fact assembled by means of mortar forming a panel which is similarly linked to the building structure such as the main wall which receives it and which they contribute to achieving. .
Ce procédé de construction est long et coûteux et nécessite deThis construction process is long and expensive and requires
25 la main-dOeuvre qualifiée pour assurer et réaliser une paroi plane ou courbe, et sans risque de fissure de celle-ci, et cela d'autant plus que les éléments de construction composites utilisés n'ont pas de chant plat et sont constitués de matériau de structure différente, en particulier quand l'un d'entre eux est cassant, et dont la25 skilled labor to ensure and produce a flat or curved wall, and without the risk of cracking thereof, and all the more so since the composite construction elements used have no flat edge and are made of material of different structure, in particular when one of them is brittle, and whose
30 compatibilité de résistance n'est pas homogène : ceci est bien sûr le cas des briques de verre qui sont d'une part, assemblées par demi- briques moulées préalablement et pressées à haute température par un30 resistance compatibility is not homogeneous: this is of course the case with glass bricks which are on the one hand assembled by pre-molded half bricks and pressed at high temperature by a
> procédé de fabrication relativement grossier, puisque soudées l'une à l'autre et d'autre part, liées les unes aux autres par ledit mortier ;> relatively coarse manufacturing process, since welded to each other and on the other hand, linked to each other by said mortar;
35 en outre, les chants portant la ligne de soudure et celle-ci fait saillie à l'extérieur, ce qui augmente alors la difficulté : sans une opération supplémentaire de finition des bords, il est exclu que l'on puisse les monter les unes sur les autres avec simple interposition d'une fine couche de colle par exemple. C'est également le cas de tous les éléments composites de type préfabriqué en couches successives de matériau à coefficient thermique différent pour constituer des cloisons à la fois isolantes et présentant une résistance mécanique d'auto portance.35 in addition, the edges carrying the weld line and this protrudes outside, which then increases the difficulty: without an additional operation of finishing the edges, it is excluded that can mount them on top of each other with simple interposition of a thin layer of glue for example. This is also the case for all composite elements of the prefabricated type in successive layers of material with a different thermal coefficient to constitute partitions which are both insulating and having mechanical self-supporting strength.
Ainsi, pour simplifier la réalisation et le montage sur chantier, il a été développé différentes techniques de blocs préfabriqués, dont certains ont fait l'objet de demandes de brevets, telles que :Thus, to simplify the realization and assembly on site, it has been developed different techniques of prefabricated blocks, some of which have been the subject of patent applications, such as:
- la demande FR.2 609 079 publiée le 1er juillet 1988 sur des "Blocs de construction et leur procédé de fabrication", tel que ces blocs se composent de trois strates accolées dont la strate centrale est en matériau isolant tandis que les strates extérieures sont porteuses ; ces différentes strates sont tenues les unes aux autres par des rainures en forme de queue d'aronde qui coopèrent entre elles et les faces latérales du bloc qui viennent en contact avec les blocs adjacents comportent également des rainures qui permettent leur fixation mutuelle. En ce qui concerne les briques en verre pour lesquelles il est donc difficile et coûteux d'obtenir des chants plats, propres au collage par exemple, et à plus forte raison, de toute forme précise, permettant leur assemblage, comme dans la demande ci-dessus, il a été imaginé, tel que décrit dans la demande FR.2 211 577 publiée le 19 juillet 197^. de munir ces briques de verre d'une manchette d'assemblage constituée d'un matériau possédant une résistance à la pression suffisante pour supporter la charge de la paroi ainsi constituée et les contraintes extérieures : cette manchette est liée solidement à la brique de verre, ménage entre deux briques posées l'une contre l'autre un joint visible de largeur usuelle et est pourvue de creux et rainures permettant, soit le passage d'armatures de liaison, soit leur emboîtement pour permettre leur alignement et leur maintien en position.- Application FR.2 609 079 published on July 1, 1988 on "Building blocks and their manufacturing process", such that these blocks consist of three adjoining strata, the central stratum of which is made of insulating material while the outer strata are carriers; these different strata are held together by dovetail-shaped grooves which cooperate with each other and the lateral faces of the block which come into contact with the adjacent blocks also include grooves which allow their mutual fixing. Regarding the glass bricks for which it is therefore difficult and expensive to obtain flat edges, suitable for bonding for example, and all the more so, of any precise shape, allowing their assembly, as in the request below. above, it has been imagined, as described in application FR.2 211 577 published on July 19, 197 ^. to provide these glass bricks with an assembly cuff made of a material having a sufficient resistance to pressure to support the load of the wall thus formed and the external constraints: this cuff is firmly connected to the glass brick, household between two bricks placed one against the other a visible joint of usual width and is provided with hollows and grooves allowing either the passage of connecting reinforcements, or their interlocking to allow their alignment and their maintenance in position.
Si ces solutions réduisent effectivement le temps de mise en oeuvre sur site et donc le coût de construction, cela ne résout cependant pas le problème du risque de fissure, surtout avec des matériaux cassants comme le verre, ce qui peut expliquer du reste que malgré le dépôt de la demande de brevet précédente depuis vingt ans, les briques de verre correspondantes n'ont jamais été utilisées d'une manière industrielle. En effet, de tels procédés de liaison entre chacun des éléments, et le gros oeuvre forment un ensemble rigide, dont l'absence d'élasticité provoque des fissures desdits pavés ou éléments sous l'effet des contraintes éventuelles de la paroi de béton qui les supporte, surtout quand ces éléments sont constitués d'un matériau pouvant être cassant, comme le verre.If these solutions effectively reduce the time of implementation on site and therefore the cost of construction, this does not solve the problem of the risk of cracking, especially with brittle materials such as glass, which can explain the rest that despite the filing of the previous patent application for twenty years, the corresponding glass bricks have never been used in an industrial manner. Indeed, such bonding methods between each of the elements, and the main structure form a rigid assembly, the absence of elasticity of which causes cracks in said paving stones or elements under the effect of possible stresses on the concrete wall which supports, especially when these elements are made of a material that can be brittle, such as glass.
Dans certaines réalisations, on a pu alors équiper le panneau ainsi constitué de pavés transparents ou autres, directement assemblés entre eux, soit par un lien rigide, soit par imbrication de rainures compatibles, d'un cadre périphérique externe d'une matière présentant une élasticité suffisante pour absorber les contraintes éventuelles de la paroi qui porte ledit panneau, afin d'éviter la fêlure de ses éléments.In certain embodiments, it was then possible to equip the panel thus formed of transparent or other paving stones, directly assembled together, either by a rigid link, or by nesting of compatible grooves, with an external peripheral frame of a material having an elasticity. sufficient to absorb the possible stresses of the wall which carries said panel, in order to avoid cracking of its elements.
Ceci constitue, lors de la construction d'une telle paroi, une opération supplémentaire que nécessite la mise en place sur le chantier des éléments de ce cadre amortisseur, ainsi que l'approvisionnement et le stockage de ces éléments distincts des éléments de construction tels que des briques de verre, ce qui représente autant de causes de renchérissement et de lenteur de mise en oeuvre pour l'installation sur le chantier des cadres amortisseurs.This constitutes, during the construction of such a wall, an additional operation that requires the installation on site of the elements of this damping frame, as well as the supply and storage of these elements distinct from the construction elements such as glass bricks, which represents as many causes of price increase and slow implementation for the installation on the site of the damping frames.
Par ailleurs, en particulier dans le cas de briques de verre destinées à la construction de surfaces transparentes ou translucides, fabriquées par soudure sur leur périphérie de deux coquilles de verre laissant un espace vide entre elles, il est constaté que les surfaces utilisant ce matériau présentent un coefficient de transmission thermique plus élevé que celui de la paroi adjacente qui comporte souvent des matériaux isolants : cela est dû non seulement au mortier liant les briques de verre entre elles, mais aussi à la brique de verre elle-même au niveau de sa paroi périphérique qui comporte la soudure des deux coquilles et au niveau de laquelle se situe donc une liaison sans rupture de continuité entre la paroi avant de la brique et la paroi arrière, l'une recevant les calories, l'autre les diffusant.Furthermore, in particular in the case of glass bricks intended for the construction of transparent or translucent surfaces, produced by welding on their periphery two glass shells leaving an empty space between them, it is found that the surfaces using this material have a higher coefficient of thermal transmission than that of the adjacent wall, which often includes insulating materials: this is due not only to the mortar bonding the glass bricks together, but also to the glass brick itself at its wall peripheral which includes the welding of the two shells and at the level of which there is therefore a connection without breaking of continuity between the front wall of the brick and the rear wall, one receiving the calories, the other diffusing them.
Le problème posé est donc de pouvoir monter rapidement et sans main-d'oeuvre trop spécialisée, des éléments de construction composites, dont au moins un matériau qui les constitue peut être cassant et devant être incorporé dans ou entre des parois de construction de structure différente, afin de réaliser des parois sans risque de fissure de celles-ci, avec une bonne résistance et tenue mécanique et permettant de plus d'obtenir une bonne isolation thermique et/ou phonique entre les deux volumes que ces parois peuvent délimiter.The problem is therefore to be able to quickly assemble construction elements quickly and without too much specialized labor. composites, of which at least one material which constitutes them can be brittle and having to be incorporated in or between walls of construction of different structure, in order to produce walls without risk of cracking of these, with good strength and mechanical strength and allowing more to obtain good thermal and / or sound insulation between the two volumes that these walls can delimit.
Une solution au problème posé est un élément de construction composite de parois constitué par un cadre en matière plastique ceinturant, à la périphérie dudit élément, au moins une partie de la tranche d'un panneau central et réalisé en matériau pouvant être cassant : ledit cadre comporte des moyens de blocage entre les éléments contigus, constitués par des saillies et des empreintes complémentaires, et est fait d'une matière plastique présentant un degré de dureté shore lui conférant une résistance suffisante à la compression pour assurer la permanence des cotes de la paroi construit avec de tels éléments ; selon l'invention, ladite matière plastique présente simultanément un taux d'élasticité suffisant pour absorber les contraintes éventuelles imposées par le gros oeuvre qui reçoit ledit panneau et préserver ainsi l'intégrité du panneau.A solution to the problem posed is a composite building element of walls constituted by a plastic frame surrounding, at the periphery of said element, at least part of the edge of a central panel and made of material which can be brittle: said frame includes blocking means between the adjoining elements, constituted by projections and complementary imprints, and is made of a plastic material having a degree of shore hardness giving it sufficient resistance to compression to ensure the permanence of the dimensions of the wall built with such elements; according to the invention, said plastic material simultaneously has a rate of elasticity sufficient to absorb any stresses imposed by the shell which receives said panel and thus preserve the integrity of the panel.
De préférence, ledit élément de construction est constitué au moyen d'au moins deux panneaux accolés, tels que deux coquilles de verre, avec interposition entre eux dudit cadre en matière plastique, sur les tranches duquel de part et d'autre, prennent appui les bords de chacun des panneaux, délimitant avec ledit cadre une cavité intérieure ; de plus, ledit cadre en matière plastique peut comporter sur sa paroi interne faisant face aux tranches desdits panneaux, de part et d'autre de son plan médian, des nervures venant s'incruster lors de 1'assemblage desdits panneaux dans des cannelures correspondantes portées periphériquement par lesdites tranches desdits panneaux ; de même, ledit cadre peut également comporter des logements destinés à recevoir des fers d'ancrage de ladite paroi dans le bâtiment qui doit la recevoir.Preferably, said construction element is constituted by means of at least two adjoining panels, such as two glass shells, with interposition between them of said plastic frame, on the edges of which on either side, bear the edges of each of the panels, delimiting with said frame an interior cavity; in addition, said plastic frame may have on its internal wall facing the edges of said panels, on either side of its median plane, ribs which become encrusted during the assembly of said panels in corresponding grooves carried peripherally by said edges of said panels; similarly, said frame may also include housings intended to receive anchoring irons of said wall in the building which is to receive it.
Pour améliorer la caractéristique d'isolation de l'élément de construction ainsi réalisé, ledit cadre et lesdits panneaux formant ledit élément maintiennent entre le bord des panneaux, une feuille de plastique présentant une paroi égale à la surface totale de chacun des panneaux et qui se font face et l'enserrent, formant à l'intérieur de l'élément une cloison médiane étanche séparant la cavité formée par les deux panneaux et le cadre en deux cavités ; ladite feuille de matière plastique est faite d'un matériau présentant un coefficient de transmission thermique inférieur à celui du matériau constituant les panneaux assemblés.To improve the insulation characteristic of the construction element thus produced, said frame and said panels forming said element maintain between the edge of the panels, a plastic sheet having a wall equal to the total surface of each of the panels and which face each other and enclose it, forming inside the element a tight central partition separating the cavity formed by the two panels and the frame into two cavities; said sheet of plastic material is made of a material having a coefficient of thermal transmission lower than that of the material constituting the assembled panels.
Si l'on veut pouvoir réaliser par ailleurs des parois à surface courbe, ledit cadre en matière plastique présente en coupe orthogonale longitudinale horizontale une forme trapézoïdale, tout en conservant en coupe transversale verticale une forme parallélogrammatique permettant d'organiser des panneaux verticaux épousant une forme générale sensiblement courbe dans le plan horizontal selon 1'angle donné au trapèze.If one wishes to be able to produce, moreover, walls with a curved surface, said plastic frame has in trapezoidal horizontal longitudinal orthogonal section, while retaining in parallel cross section a parallelogrammatic shape making it possible to organize vertical panels conforming to a shape general substantially curved in the horizontal plane according to the angle given to the trapezoid.
Dans un mode de réalisation préférentiel, les deux dits panneaux qui constituent ledit élément de construction, sont donc des coquilles de verre qui constituent alors une brique de verre.In a preferred embodiment, the two said panels which constitute said construction element, are therefore glass shells which then constitute a glass brick.
Le résultat est de nouveaux éléments de construction composites de parois pouvant être transparentes et/ou isolantes, qui répondent au problème posé ci-dessus et qui permettent d'atteindre les objectifs de la présente invention.The result is new construction elements composed of walls which can be transparent and / or insulating, which respond to the problem posed above and which make it possible to achieve the objectives of the present invention.
En effet, celle-ci évite les inconvénients cités précédemment, en permettant la construction de parois au moyen d'éléments de construction tels que des pavés de verre qui peuvent être parfaitement standard, et être ainsi équipés individuellement en usine d'un cadre solidaire présentant l'élasticité nécessaire pour absorber les contraintes éventuellement transmises par le gros oeuvre, sans qu'il soit nécessaire de fabriquer sur le chantier un cadre spécial amortisseur enveloppant la paroi construite au moyen desdits éléments de construction ; en outre, ledit cadre comporte des éléments propres de blocage et pouvant également permettre la mise en place d'un maillage de barres métalliques, prenant en charge chacun des éléments de la paroi et assurant 1'ancrage de 1'ensemble de celle-ci dans le bâtiment. Pour cela, chaque élément de construction tel qu'une brique de verre, parfaitement standard, peut être introduit dans un moule et recevoir par injection à sa périphérie une enveloppe sous la forme d'une ceinture faite d'une matière plastique thermofusible présentant la dureté shore adéquate. Ladite ceinture ou cadre plastique peut être également fabriquée par extrusion, puis pliée pour former un cadre de même forme et de même périmètre que l'élément de construction suivant l'invention, tel qu'une brique de verre, les extrémités du ruban extrudé étant alors collées entre elles. Ledit cadre ou ceinture enveloppe periphériquement une partie ou toute la largeur de la tranche de l'élément de construction et comporte extérieurement des moyens d'emboîtement capables de coopérer entre eux pour permettre d'obtenir leur alignement spontané par leur simple juxtaposition convenable. Ladite ceinture suivant l'invention peut également recevoir des fers de bâtiment qui constituent ensemble un maillage quadrillé qui assure la rigidité du panneau en même temps que son ancrage dans le gros oeuvre, lesdits fers restant invisibles, se trouvant de cette façon noyés entre les deux éléments de ceinture qui s'interposent entre chaque élément et ceux adjacents. Outre les avantages mécaniques que l'adjonction d'une telle ceinture plastique apporte dans l'utilisation des éléments de construction, dont une partie peut être cassante comme dans le cas des briques de verre, il est constaté que la présence de cette ceinture plastique, qui participe à la liaison des éléments entre eux, participe aussi à la réduction du pont thermique précédemment constaté à ce niveau, la matière plastique ayant un coefficient ' i" de transmission calorifique inférieur à celui "^2" du mortier de liaison habituellement utilisé avec les éléments de construction normaux.Indeed, this avoids the drawbacks mentioned above, by allowing the construction of walls by means of construction elements such as glass blocks which can be perfectly standard, and thus be individually equipped in the factory with a solid frame having the elasticity necessary to absorb the stresses possibly transmitted by the structural work, without it being necessary to manufacture on site a special shock-absorbing frame enveloping the wall constructed by means of said construction elements; in addition, said frame includes its own locking elements and can also allow the establishment of a mesh of metal bars, taking care of each of the elements of the wall and ensuring anchoring of all of it in building. For this, each building element such as a glass block, perfectly standard, can be introduced into a mold and receive by injection at its periphery an envelope in the form of a belt made of a hot-melt plastic material having the hardness adequate shore. Said belt or plastic frame can be also manufactured by extrusion, then folded to form a frame of the same shape and the same perimeter as the building element according to the invention, such as a glass block, the ends of the extruded ribbon then being glued together. Said frame or belt surrounds a part or all of the width of the edge of the building element peripherally and includes interlocking means capable of cooperating with each other to allow their spontaneous alignment to be obtained by their simple suitable juxtaposition. Said belt according to the invention can also receive building irons which together constitute a gridded mesh which ensures the rigidity of the panel at the same time as its anchoring in the shell, said irons remaining invisible, being thus embedded between the two belt elements which are interposed between each element and those adjacent. In addition to the mechanical advantages that the addition of such a plastic belt brings in the use of construction elements, some of which can be brittle as in the case of glass bricks, it is found that the presence of this plastic belt, which takes part in the connection of the elements together, also takes part in the reduction of the thermal bridge previously noted at this level, the plastic having a coefficient 'i "of heat transmission lower than that" ^ 2 "of the mortar of connection usually used with normal building components.
Et ce coefficient "J i" de matière plastique peut être également choisi inférieur aussi au " 3" du matériau constituant le panneau central desdits éléments, la liaison de ces au moins deux panneaux pouvant ainsi s'effectuer suivant l'invention, non plus par fixation directe périphérique des deux panneaux entre eux, mais au moyen de la ceinture périphérique de matière plastique elle-même. Ainsi, dans le cas de la brique de verre, la liaison périphérique des deux coquilles de verre qui la constituent, au moyen de la ceinture plastique, rompt la continuité de la conduction thermique entre les deux faces de la brique de verre.And this coefficient “J i” of plastic material can also be chosen to be also lower than “3” of the material constituting the central panel of said elements, the connection of these at least two panels thus being able to be carried out according to the invention, no longer by direct peripheral fixing of the two panels together, but by means of the peripheral plastic belt itself. Thus, in the case of the glass block, the peripheral connection of the two glass shells which constitute it, by means of the plastic belt, breaks the continuity of the thermal conduction between the two faces of the glass block.
Selon l'invention, on réduit encore le coefficient de transmission thermique "^Ji" d'un tel assemblage, par une feuille de matière plastique semi-rigide présentant un "J4" inférieur à celui du matériau utilisé pour les panneaux, tel que le verre, et inséré entre les deux panneaux constituant la partie centrale de l'élément de construction, tel qu'une brique de verre : le coefficient de transmission thermique global " " ainsi obtenu, peut être même encore inférieur à celui qui peut être obtenu par la mise sous vide du volume intérieur de l'élément de construction réalisé entre les panneaux qui le constituent et ladite ceinture, et sans cependant subir les contraintes technologiques ni le coût que cette opération nécessite, ni provoquer la déformation du cadre. D'où un prix de revient réduit correspondant pourtant à un " -^ " amélioré. Il est ici noté que ce perfectionnement est applicable, comme la plupart des caractéristiques de la présente invention, à toute brique d'un matériau quelconque constitué par deux panneaux ou coquilles accolés par leur bord libre et comportant un volume interne vide, propre ou réalisé en combinaison avec ladite ceinture, et quelle que soit la nature de leur matériau. On pourrait citer d'autres avantages de la présente invention mais ceux cités ci-dessus sont déjà suffisants pour en démontrer la nouveauté et l'intérêt. La description et les figures ci-après représentent des exemples de la réalisation de l'invention mais n'ont aucun caractère limitatif : d'autres réalisations sont possibles dans le cadre de la portée de l'étendue de cette invention, en particulier avec tout élément de construction composite de paroi, constitué par un cadre en matière plastique ceinturant à la périphérie dudit élément, au moins une partie de la tranche d'un panneau central qui peut être réalisé en matériau pouvant être cassant ; la description et les figures ci-après prennent comme exemple de réalisation celui des briques de verre qui est une des applications principales de la présente invention, mais d'autres réalisations seraient donc possibles avec d'autres types de matériaux que le verre, comme par exemple du plastique translucide, et avec d'autres formes de panneaux que des coquilles.According to the invention, the thermal transmission coefficient "^ Ji" of such an assembly is further reduced by a sheet of semi-rigid plastic material having a "J4" lower than that of the material used for the panels, such as glass, and inserted between the two panels constituting the central part of the building element, such as a glass brick: the overall thermal transmittance coefficient "" thus obtained, may even be even lower than that which can be obtained by putting the vacuum internal volume of the construction element produced between the panels which constitute it and said belt, and without however undergoing the technological constraints or the cost that this operation requires, or causing the frame to deform. Hence a reduced cost price, however, corresponding to an improved "- ^". It is noted here that this improvement is applicable, like most of the characteristics of the present invention, to any brick of any material consisting of two panels or shells joined by their free edge and comprising an empty internal volume, clean or made of combination with said belt, and whatever the nature of their material. One could cite other advantages of the present invention, but those mentioned above are already sufficient to demonstrate the novelty and the advantage thereof. The description and the figures below represent examples of the embodiment of the invention but are in no way limiting: other embodiments are possible within the scope of the scope of this invention, in particular with any composite wall construction element, consisting of a plastic frame surrounding the periphery of said element, at least part of the edge of a central panel which can be made of material which can be brittle; the description and the figures below take as an example of embodiment that of glass bricks which is one of the main applications of the present invention, but other embodiments would therefore be possible with other types of materials than glass, as for example example of translucent plastic, and with forms of panels other than shells.
La figure 1 est une vue cavalière schématique d'une partie de paroi formée d'éléments de construction, objet de l'invention, montrant son maillage métallique d'ancrage.Figure 1 is a schematic view of a wall portion formed of building elements, object of the invention, showing its metallic anchoring mesh.
La figure 2 est une vue schématique en coupe transversale d'une brique de verre équipé selon l'invention.Figure 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a glass brick equipped according to the invention.
La figure 3 est une vue schématique de profil du même élément. La figure 4 est une vue schématique partielle d'un angle vu de face du même élément.Figure 3 is a schematic profile view of the same element. Figure 4 is a partial schematic view of an angle seen from face of the same element.
La figure 5 est une vue schématique de profil d'une brique de verre équipée de telle manière qu'elle permet la construction d'une paroi transparente verticale courbe. La figure 6 est une vue schématique rompue dans le sens de la hauteur d'un élément prismatique inséré entre les pavés conformes aux figures 2, 3 ou 4, en vue de bâtir une paroi transparente verticale courbe.Figure 5 is a schematic profile view of a glass brick equipped in such a way that it allows the construction of a curved vertical transparent wall. Figure 6 is a schematic view broken in the height direction of a prismatic element inserted between the blocks according to Figures 2, 3 or 4, in order to build a curved vertical transparent wall.
La figure 7 est une vue schématique en plan d'une paroi verticale transparente courbe construite (en 7a selon les moyens représentés par la figure 5. en 7a selon les moyens représentés par la figure 6) .Figure 7 is a schematic plan view of a curved transparent vertical wall constructed (in 7a according to the means shown in Figure 5. in 7a according to the means shown in Figure 6).
La figure 8 est une vue schématique en élévation d'une brique de verre fabriquée selon l'invention, dont la figure 4 était une vue partielle.Figure 8 is a schematic elevational view of a glass block manufactured according to the invention, of which Figure 4 was a partial view.
La figure 9 est une vue schématique en coupe verticale selon AA de la figure 8 d'une brique isolante.Figure 9 is a schematic vertical sectional view along AA of Figure 8 of an insulating brick.
La figure 10 est une vue schématique en coupe verticale médiane selon AA de la figure 8, d'une brique de verre prise comme exemple d'élément de construction isolant constitué selon l'invention avec une cloison intérieure.FIG. 10 is a schematic view in median vertical section along AA of FIG. 8, of a glass brick taken as an example of an insulating construction element constituted according to the invention with an interior partition.
La figure 11 est une vue schématique en coupe verticale médiane selon AA, d'un même élément que sur la figure 10, selon une variante du procédé de fabrication de l'invention. Selon les figures 2 et 3. la brique pavé de verre parfaitement standard 1, qui est ordinairement constituée par deux coquilles assemblées par soudure et qui comporte normalement une large rainure périphérique 2, reçoit periphériquement, par exemple par injection dans un moule approprié, la ceinture 3 faite d'une matière plastique thermofusible telle que le polystyrène ou le polychlorure de vinyle : cette matière doit présenter un degré de dureté shore lui conférant une résistance suffisante à la compression pour assurer la permanence des cotes du panneau constitué par de tels éléments, en même temps qu'un taux d'élasticité suffisant pour absorber les contraintes éventuelles imposées par le gros oeuvre qui reçoit ledit panneau, ladite ceinture 3 étant ainsi rendue prisonnière de la rainure 2.FIG. 11 is a schematic view in median vertical section along AA, of the same element as in FIG. 10, according to a variant of the manufacturing method of the invention. According to FIGS. 2 and 3. the perfectly standard glass block brick 1, which is usually constituted by two shells assembled by welding and which normally has a wide peripheral groove 2, receives the belt peripherally, for example by injection into a suitable mold. 3 made of a hot-melt plastic material such as polystyrene or polyvinyl chloride: this material must have a degree of shore hardness giving it sufficient resistance to compression to ensure the permanence of the dimensions of the panel made up of such elements, at the same time as a rate of elasticity sufficient to absorb the possible constraints imposed by the structural work which receives said panel, said belt 3 being thus made captive of groove 2.
Ladite ceinture 3t qui se développe dans sa largeur periphériquement au-delà de la rainure 2, sensiblement sur toute l'épaisseur de la brique 1, sur une épaisseur, elle-même constante et suffisante pour assurer l'absorption des contraintes éventuelles du gros oeuvre qui reçoit le panneau, comporte à sa périphérie extérieure une ou plusieurs saillies, telles que la nervure longitudinale 4, et une ou plusieurs empreintes femelles complémentaires, telles que la cannelure longitudinale 5. disposées symétriquement avec la ou les saillies par rapport au plan médian vertical longitudinal de la brique, de manière à venir chacune en coïncidence avec l'élément complémentaire du ou des pavés adjacents placés a contrario, ce qui permet le parfait alignement naturel des panneaux ainsi constitués.Said 3t belt which expands across its width peripherally beyond the groove 2, substantially over the entire thickness of the brick 1, over a thickness, itself constant and sufficient to ensure the absorption of the possible stresses of the structural work which receives the panel, has at its periphery outer one or more projections, such as the longitudinal rib 4, and one or more complementary female imprints, such as the longitudinal groove 5. arranged symmetrically with the projection (s) relative to the longitudinal vertical median plane of the brick, so as to come each in coincidence with the complementary element of the adjacent paving stone (s) placed a contrario, which allows perfect natural alignment of the panels thus formed.
La ceinture 3 comporte en outre, organisées sur chacun de ses côtés à égale distance de part et d'autre du même plan médian vertical longitudinal, les gorges longitudinales 6 et 7. capables de former avec les gorges semblables du ou des pavés adjacents des canaux continus à travers le panneau, capables de recevoir un fer rond du bâtiment, de préférence inoxydable qui, ainsi noyé dans l'élément plastique de jonction des pavés, assure la rigidité du panneau dont il constitue l'armature, et, dépassant de ce dernier, assure aussi son ancrage dans le gros oeuvre, selon la figure 1.The belt 3 further comprises, organized on each of its sides at equal distance on either side of the same longitudinal vertical median plane, the longitudinal grooves 6 and 7. capable of forming with the similar grooves of the adjacent block or blocks of the channels continuous through the panel, capable of receiving a round iron from the building, preferably stainless which, thus embedded in the plastic element joining the paving stones, ensures the rigidity of the panel of which it constitutes the frame, and protruding from the latter , also ensures its anchoring in the shell, according to Figure 1.
De même une gorge longitudinale 8 située dans ledit plan médian permet de recevoir un autre fer orienté orthogonalement par rapport aux précédents de manière à former avec eux un maillage quadrillé.Similarly, a longitudinal groove 8 located in said median plane makes it possible to receive another iron oriented orthogonally with respect to the previous ones so as to form with them a grid mesh.
Il sera en effet ainsi créé entre chaque brique d'un même panneau, et dans les deux directions orthogonales de son plan, des canaux continus pouvant contenir un ou plusieurs fers tels que 9 et 10 (fig.l).It will in fact thus be created between each brick of the same panel, and in the two orthogonal directions of its plane, continuous channels which may contain one or more irons such as 9 and 10 (fig.l).
Une telle disposition de la ceinture 3 rapportée par injection sur une brique standard 1 introduite dans un moule approprié, permet de donner à celle-là toute forme particulière désirée pour obtenir des panneaux présentant une esthétique particulière. C'est ainsi que la ceinture plastique 3 peut présenter en coupe longitudinale horizontale une forme trapézoïdale (fig. 5). ladite ceinture conservant en coupe transversale verticale une forme parallélogrammatique, ce qui permet d'organiser les pavés adjacents pour former un panneau selon une surface verticale sensiblement courbe dans le plan horizontal (7a de la figure 7). selon l'angle donné au trapèze, en plaçant jointifs et dans le même sens leurs côtés trapézoïdaux. De sorte qu'il est ainsi possible, sans qu'il soit nécessaire de fabriquer des pavés de verre spéciaux, de construire des parois qui peuvent être transparentes présentant une forme verticale courbe, créant une esthétique nouvelle. 5 Dans ce cas les gorges 6, 7 et 8 permettent aussi la mise en place des fers d'ancrage 9 et 10.Such an arrangement of the belt 3 added by injection onto a standard brick 1 introduced into an appropriate mold, makes it possible to give the latter any particular shape desired in order to obtain panels presenting a particular aesthetic. This is how the plastic belt 3 can have a trapezoidal shape in horizontal longitudinal section (FIG. 5). said belt retaining a parallelogrammatic shape in vertical cross section, which makes it possible to organize the adjacent paving stones to form a panel according to a vertical surface that is substantially curved in the horizontal plane (7a in FIG. 7). according to the angle given to the trapezoid, placing contiguous and in the same direction their trapezoidal sides. So that it is thus possible, without the need to manufacture special glass blocks, to build walls which may be transparent with a curved vertical shape, creating a new aesthetic. 5 In this case the grooves 6, 7 and 8 also allow the positioning of the anchoring irons 9 and 10.
Selon une variante, concernant les saillies et empreintes complémentaires de blocage en alignement des pavés entre eux, que la ceinture 3 de ceux-ci ait la forme parallélépipédique donnée en figureAccording to a variant, concerning the projections and complementary imprints of blocking in alignment of the blocks between them, that the belt 3 of these has the parallelepiped shape given in figure
10 2 ou la forme particulière donnée en figure 5. les saillies d'assemblage sont constituées sur deux côtés adjacents par au moins deux plots 11 et sur les deux autres côtés de la ceinture par autant de cuvettes complémentaires 12 placées sur chacun de ces côtés de ladite ceinture 3. de la même manière que le sont les plots 11 par10 2 or the particular shape given in FIG. 5. the assembly projections are formed on two adjacent sides by at least two studs 11 and on the other two sides of the belt by as many complementary bowls 12 placed on each of these sides said belt 3. in the same way as are the studs 11 by
15 rapport aux limites de chacun des côtés intéressés, pour que chacun de ces éléments puisse coopérer avec l'élément complémentaire du ou des pavés adjacents, qui ne nécessitent pas dans ce cas d'être placés à contrario. La figure 5 en donne un exemple, et la zone 7a de la figure 7 donne un exemple de leur application dans la construction d'une15 relative to the limits of each of the sides concerned, so that each of these elements can cooperate with the complementary element of the adjacent block or blocks, which in this case do not need to be placed on the contrary. Figure 5 gives an example, and area 7a of Figure 7 gives an example of their application in the construction of a
20 paroi transparente verticale courbe.20 curved vertical transparent wall.
Cependant, il est prévu de pouvoir bâtir des parois verticales courbes en utilisant des pavés enveloppés de la ceinture 3 parallélépipédique, tel qu'il sert à bâtir des parois planes. Pour cela un prisme 15 (fig-6) est interposé entre chaque brique d'une mêmeHowever, provision is made to be able to build curved vertical walls using pavers wrapped in the parallelepiped belt 3, as it is used to build flat walls. For this a prism 15 (fig-6) is interposed between each brick of the same
25 rangée horizontale. L'angle d'ouverture du prisme 15 conditionne le rayon de courbure de la paroi ainsi construite (7a de la figure 7) •25 horizontal row. The opening angle of the prism 15 conditions the radius of curvature of the wall thus constructed (7a in FIG. 7) •
Ce prisme 15, fait de la même matière plastique que la ceinture 3, a chacune de ses faces 16 et 17 qui forment le dièdre, d'une longueur égale à la longueur d'un côté de la brique, leur hauteurThis prism 15, made of the same plastic as the belt 3, has each of its faces 16 and 17 which form the dihedral, of a length equal to the length of one side of the brick, their height
30 étant égale à l'épaisseur de la brique de verre 1.30 being equal to the thickness of the glass block 1.
Il présente sur chacune de ses faces 1 et 16 la nervure 4 ainsi que la cannelure 5. réciproquement placées de manière à pouvoir coopérer avec les éléments complémentaires de chacune d'elles portés par les pavés adjacents. Il présente par ailleurs sur chacune de sesIt has on each of its faces 1 and 16 the rib 4 as well as the groove 5. reciprocally placed so as to be able to cooperate with the complementary elements of each of them carried by the adjacent blocks. He also presents on each of his
35. faces parallèles horizontales 18 et 19 les mêmes dispositifs, nervure 4 et cannelure 5. mais en position inverse par rapport à la base 20 du prisme sur une face par rapport à la face opposée ; c'est-à-dire qu'une nervure 4 sur la face 18 correspond à une cannelure 5 sur la face 19. et inversement, de manière que chaque prisme 15 de chaque rangée horizontale s'emboîte avec le prisme correspondant des rangées horizontales adjacentes. Il présente aussi sur chacune de ses faces, les gorges 6, 7 et 8, permettant la mise en place des fers ronds du bâtiment, tant verticalement qu'horizontalement, en continuation des mêmes gorges présentes sur la ceinture des pavés adjacents. La façade 20 est privée de toute gorge, cannelure ou nervure. L'angle du prisme est fonction du rayon de courbure désiré. L'emploi des prismes 1 permet de diminuer l'investissement immobilisé dans le stock, celui-ci n'étant plus constitué que par le seul type de pavés exclusivement munis d'une même ceinture 3. en l'occurrence parallélépipédique. Cela permet aussi de réduire l'investissement immobilisé en moules d'injection, une seule forme de moule pour ceinture parallélépipédique suffisant dans ce cas.35. horizontal parallel faces 18 and 19 the same devices, rib 4 and groove 5. but in the reverse position relative to the base 20 of the prism on one face relative to the opposite face; that is to say that a rib 4 on the face 18 corresponds to a groove 5 on the face 19. and vice versa, so that each prism 15 of each horizontal row fits with the corresponding prism of the adjacent horizontal rows. It also has on each of its faces, the grooves 6, 7 and 8, allowing the installation of round bars of the building, both vertically and horizontally, in continuation of the same grooves present on the belt of the adjacent paving stones. The facade 20 is deprived of any groove, groove or rib. The angle of the prism depends on the desired radius of curvature. The use of prisms 1 makes it possible to reduce the investment immobilized in the stock, the latter no longer being made up only of the only type of paving stones exclusively provided with the same belt 3. in this case parallelepiped. This also makes it possible to reduce the fixed investment in injection molds, a single form of mold for a rectangular belt sufficient in this case.
Par ailleurs, afin de réduire le prix de revient de la ceinture 3, la brique de verre standard peut être munie, avant l'injection de la ceinture 3. sur la périphérie de la rainure 2 de la brique 1 de part et d'autre du bourrelet médian 13 formé par la soudure des deux coquilles qui constituent la brique 1, d'une bande 14 d'un matériau bon marché, tel que carton, d'une épaisseur au plus égale à la profondeur de ladite rainure 2, l'injection postérieure de la ceinture 3 noyant lesdites bandes 14 dans sa masse qui, de ce fait, est réduite du volume desdites bandes. Les pavés de verre standard étant ainsi équipés du cadre plastique objet de l'invention, on comprend que, sans qu'il soit nécessaire de fabriquer des pavés de verres spéciaux, il sera aisé de construire un panneau transparent qui sera solidement ancré dans le gros oeuvre par le maillage métallique qu'il admet, et qui sera capable d'épouser des formes diverses, planes ou courbes, tout en évitant le risque de fissure des pavés de verre le constituant grâce à la ceinture plastique individuelle ainsi intercalée entre eux et qui assure l'amortissement des contraintes éventuelles du gros oeuvre dans lequel ledit panneau est encastré, sans qu'il ait été nécessaire de construire sur le chantier un cadre amortisseur enveloppant l'ensemble dudit panneau.Furthermore, in order to reduce the cost price of the belt 3, the standard glass block can be provided, before the injection of the belt 3. on the periphery of the groove 2 of the brick 1 on either side of the median bead 13 formed by the welding of the two shells which constitute the brick 1, of a strip 14 of an inexpensive material, such as cardboard, of a thickness at most equal to the depth of said groove 2, the posterior injection of the belt 3 embedding said strips 14 in its mass which, as a result, is reduced in the volume of said strips. The standard glass blocks being thus equipped with the plastic frame object of the invention, it is understood that, without it being necessary to manufacture special glass blocks, it will be easy to build a transparent panel which will be firmly anchored in the large work by the metallic mesh which it admits, and which will be able to marry various forms, flat or curved, while avoiding the risk of cracking the glass blocks constituting it thanks to the individual plastic belt thus interposed between them and which ensures the absorption of any constraints of the structural work in which said panel is embedded, without it having been necessary to build on site a damping frame enveloping the whole of said panel.
Selon la figure 9. dans un mode particulier de réalisation, les deux coquilles 21 et 22 constituant la brique de verre 1 sont liées entre elles par la ceinture plastique 3 q i est de préférence en contact simultané avec la tranche périphérique 32 de chacune des deux coquilles, et avec le plat extérieur du bord de la cuvette que chacune 5 d'elles forme : dans cette réalisation, les deux dites coquilles ou panneaux 21, 22 dans un cas général d'élément de construction, sont accolés avec interposition entre eux dudit cadre 3 en matière plastique, sur les tranches duquel de part et d'autre, prennent appui les bords 31 de chacun des panneaux ou coquilles de verre, délimitantAccording to FIG. 9. in a particular embodiment, the two shells 21 and 22 constituting the glass block 1 are linked together by the plastic belt 3 which is preferably in simultaneous contact with the peripheral edge 32 of each of the two shells, and with the outer dish of the edge of the bowl that each 5 they form: in this embodiment, said two shells or panels 21, 22 in a general case of a construction element, are joined with the interposition between them of said frame 3 of plastic material, on which the slices on both 'other, bear the edges 31 of each of the panels or glass shells, delimiting
10 avec ledit cadre une cavité intérieure 24, même alors dans le cas de panneaux plans. On remarque en effet, dans ce mode de réalisation, que les panneaux 21, 22 constituant l'élément 1, peuvent être plans, sans être de forme en coquille, en étant appuyés ou encastrés et maintenus à leur bord périphérique externe directement contre ou dans la10 with said frame an interior cavity 24, even then in the case of flat panels. It is in fact noted, in this embodiment, that the panels 21, 22 constituting the element 1, can be planar, without being in the form of a shell, by being pressed or embedded and held at their external peripheral edge directly against or in the
15 ceinture 3-15 belt 3-
Celle-ci, qui de préférence, présente extérieurement les cannelures mâles et femelles 4, 5. 6, 7. 8 antérieurement décrites, pour assurer le positionnement réciproque des briques adjacentes et permettre la mise en place selon les axes orthogonaux des fersThis, which preferably presents externally the male and female grooves 4, 5, 6, 7. 8 previously described, to ensure the reciprocal positioning of the adjacent bricks and allow the positioning along the orthogonal axes of the irons
20 d'ancrage dans le bâtiment des panneaux ainsi constitués, peut être obtenue par extrusion d'une bande présentant le profil 3a-20 of anchoring in the building of the panels thus formed, can be obtained by extrusion of a strip having the profile 3a-
Dans ce cas, ladite bande extrudée est sectionnée pour être placée autour d'une matrice, de même forme et de même périmètre que la brique de verre, permettant de lui donner la forme d'un cadre, ferméIn this case, said extruded strip is sectioned so as to be placed around a matrix, of the same shape and the same perimeter as the glass brick, making it possible to give it the shape of a closed frame.
25 par la soudure entre elles des deux extrémités de ladite bande.25 by welding together the two ends of said strip.
Elle peut aussi être obtenue par moulage direct d'un cadre fini formant lesdites cannelures sur la périphérie extérieure dudit cadre.It can also be obtained by direct molding of a finished frame forming said grooves on the outer periphery of said frame.
Quel que soit le moyen de fabrication du cadre ou de la ceinture 3, le montage des panneaux ou coquilles de part et d'autre dudit cadreWhatever the means of manufacturing the frame or the belt 3, the mounting of the panels or shells on either side of said frame
30 est opéré par collage étanche au niveau de toutes les surfaces de contact des panneaux ou coquilles de verre 21 et 22 et dudit cadre 3-30 is operated by sealed bonding at all the contact surfaces of the panels or glass shells 21 and 22 and of said frame 3-
Pour accroître encore l'isolation thermique sans aller jusqu'à la solution de la réalisation des figures 10 ou 11, et même si cela peut coûter plus cher à la réalisation, cette opération de montageTo further increase the thermal insulation without going to the solution of the embodiment of Figures 10 or 11, and even if it may cost more to achieve, this mounting operation
35. peut s'effectuer sous vide afin de réduire encore la transmission thermique directe entre les deux faces de la brique par la convection de l'air emprisonné dans le volume ainsi crée. Il peut être également combiné la solution de vide dans le cas des figures 10 et 11.35. can be carried out under vacuum in order to further reduce the direct thermal transmission between the two faces of the brick by convection of the air trapped in the volume thus created. It can also be combined the vacuum solution in the case of Figures 10 and 11.
Selon la figure 10 les coquilles de verre 21 et 22 prises ici également comme exemple, sont mises face à face au niveau de leur bord libre en enserrant entre elles une feuille de plastique 23 d'une surface égale à la surface totale de chaque coquille, telle que du polystyrène, du polycarbonate, du polyacétate de méthyle, ou de toute autre matière, transparente ou non, présentant une bonne transmission de la lumière ainsi qu'un bon coefficient de transmission thermique ' '' toujours inférieur à celui qui caractérise chacun de ces matériaux. Selon un mode de fabrication d'une telle brique, le matériau utilisé pour la constitution de la membrane 23 se présente de préférence sous une forme semi-rigide pour que, lors de la mise en place des coquilles de verre de part et d'autre de ladite feuille 23 sous une certaine pression extérieure, assez forte cependant de préférence, le bord libre de chaque coquille s'incruste légèrement dans ladite feuille 23, afin d'assurer l'étanchéité des cavités ou volumes vides 24 et 25 ainsi emprisonnés, de part et d'autre de la cloison étanche ainsi créée.According to FIG. 10, the glass shells 21 and 22 taken here also as an example, are placed face to face at their free edge by enclosing between them a plastic sheet 23 with an area equal to the total area of each shell, such as polystyrene, polycarbonate, polyethyl acetate, or any other material, transparent or not, having a good light transmission as well as a good coefficient of thermal transmission '' 'always lower than that which characterizes each of these materials. According to a method of manufacturing such a brick, the material used for constituting the membrane 23 is preferably in a semi-rigid form so that, when the glass shells are placed on either side of said sheet 23 under a certain external pressure, quite strong however preferably, the free edge of each shell is slightly encrusted in said sheet 23, in order to seal the cavities or empty volumes 24 and 25 thus trapped, on either side of the watertight partition thus created.
Quand les panneaux ou coquilles destinés à être ainsi assemblés sont constitués par un matériau étanche, tel que le verre par exemple, cette opération peut en outre être effectuée à une température supérieure à la température ambiante, quoique inférieure à la température qui risquerait de provoquer la déformation de la feuille 23 ; cette élévation de température a pour effet de créer naturellement, lors du refroidissement, un certain vide dans les cavités 24 et 25 des coquilles, équilibré de part et d'autre de cette cloison 23.When the panels or shells intended to be so assembled are made of a waterproof material, such as glass for example, this operation can also be carried out at a temperature above room temperature, although below the temperature which could cause the deformation of the sheet 23; this temperature rise has the effect of naturally creating, during cooling, a certain vacuum in the cavities 24 and 25 of the shells, balanced on either side of this partition 23.
De plus, dans ce même cas, la feuille de plastique 23 peut être métallisée sur toute la surface de chacune de ses faces, de façon à réfléchir le rayonnement qui peut 1'atteindre à travers les coquilles de verre 21 ou 22 transparentes ou translucides, ce qui contribue à réduire encore le coefficient de transmission thermique.In addition, in this same case, the plastic sheet 23 can be metallized over the entire surface of each of its faces, so as to reflect the radiation which can reach it through the transparent or translucent glass shells 21 or 22, which further reduces the thermal transmission coefficient.
L'assemblage des coquilles de part et d'autre de la cloison médiane 23 étant effectué, la ceinture plastique 3 est mise en place selon les moyens décrits précédemment, c'est-à-dire soit par moulage d'un cadre périphérique, les deux coquilles assemblées comme indiqué ci-dessus étant introduites, avant le moulage du cadre, dans le moule adéquat, soit par mise en place d'une ceinture plastique préalablement produite par extrusion au moyen d'une filière comportant le profil 26. Celui-ci est destiné à créer par juxtaposition avec la brique adjacente les logements extérieurs périphériques 6, 7. 8 pouvant contenir les fers de renfort de la paroi éventuellement translucide construite à l'aide de telles briques, ainsi que les cannelures 4, 5. mâle et femelle, nécessaires pour assurer le parfait alignement des briques juxtaposées.The assembly of the shells on either side of the central partition 23 being carried out, the plastic belt 3 is put in place according to the means described above, that is to say either by molding a peripheral frame, the two shells assembled as indicated above being introduced, before the molding of the frame, in the mold adequate, either by fitting a plastic belt previously produced by extrusion by means of a die comprising the profile 26. This is intended to create by juxtaposition with the adjacent brick the peripheral external housings 6, 7. 8 being able to contain the reinforcing bars of the possibly translucent wall constructed using such bricks, as well as the grooves 4, 5. male and female, necessary to ensure perfect alignment of the juxtaposed bricks.
Accessoirement, le cadre plastique 3 comporte sur sa face interne de part et d'autre de son plan médian des nervures 27 correspondant à des cannelures semblables 28 pratiquées dans les flancs des coquilles 1 et 2, lesdites nervures 27 s'encastrant lors de l'assemblage desdites coquilles dans les cannelures correspondantes de façon à immobiliser lesdites coquilles dans leur position assemblées, sans nécessiter de collage.Incidentally, the plastic frame 3 has on its internal face on either side of its median plane ribs 27 corresponding to similar grooves 28 formed in the sides of the shells 1 and 2, said ribs 27 fitting together during the assembly of said shells in the corresponding grooves so as to immobilize said shells in their assembled position, without requiring gluing.
On voit donc que le pont thermique est rompu par la présence de la feuille plastique 23, non seulement au niveau de la jonction des deux bords libres des coquilles 21 et 22 , entre lesquelles elle est insérée, mais aussi sur toute la surface de la paroi des cavités 24 et 25 de chacune desdites coquilles.We therefore see that the thermal bridge is broken by the presence of the plastic sheet 23, not only at the junction of the two free edges of the shells 21 and 22, between which it is inserted, but also over the entire surface of the wall. cavities 24 and 25 of each of said shells.
Le "J l" de ladite feuille 23 de matière plastique étant inférieur, du fait du choix du matériau, au "J 3" du matériau constituant les coquilles, même accrue par le vide partiel éventuellement crée dans le volume interne de la brique, on comprend que la construction de panneaux au moyen de telles briques bénéficiera d'un isolement thermique et phonique supérieur à celui d'un panneau construit avec des briques normales faites d'un même matériau dont les deux coquilles 21 et 22 seraient directement accolées l'une à l'autre, et même supérieur au coefficient global " J " présenté par les briques fabriquées conformément à la figure 9. et démunies de ladite cloison médiane 23-The "J l" of said plastic sheet 23 being lower, due to the choice of material, than "J 3" of the material constituting the shells, even increased by the partial vacuum possibly created in the internal volume of the brick, we understands that the construction of panels using such bricks will benefit from greater thermal and sound insulation than that of a panel constructed with normal bricks made of the same material, the two shells 21 and 22 of which would be directly joined together to the other, and even greater than the overall coefficient "J" presented by the bricks manufactured in accordance with Figure 9. and deprived of said central partition 23-
Selon la figure 11 illustrant un autre mode de fabrication, la feuille de matière plastique 23 formant la cloison médiane est incluse dans le plan médian du cadre 3 au cours de sa propre fabrication par moulage. Chacune des coquilles 21 et 22 est alors introduire en force dans le cadre de part et d'autre de la cloison médiane 23, jusqu'à se bloquer contre la saillie médiane interne 29 du cadre 3 supportant ladite cloison.According to FIG. 11 illustrating another manufacturing method, the plastic sheet 23 forming the central partition is included in the median plane of the frame 3 during its own manufacturing by molding. Each of the shells 21 and 22 is then forcefully introduced into the frame on either side of the central partition 23, until it locks against the internal central projection 29 of the frame 3 supporting said partition.
Le produit de l'invention peut être utilisé pour la construction de panneaux isolants de paroi quelconque, transparents ou translucides, quand il s'agit de briques de verre, ou de plastique translucide augmentant alors encore plus les isolements thermiques et/ou phoniques, ou opaques quand il s'agit de briques de tout autre matériau ; ces briques sont selon l'invention, assemblées comme il vient d'être dit, et lesdits panneaux peuvent alors être utilisés dans un but décoratif selon les motifs portés en surface par chaque élément le composant.The product of the invention can be used for the construction of insulating panels of any wall, transparent or translucent, when it is glass bricks, or translucent plastic then increasing even more the thermal and / or phonic insulation, or opaque when it comes to bricks of any other material; these bricks are according to the invention, assembled as just said, and said panels can then be used for decorative purposes according to the patterns worn on the surface by each element composing it.
Les panneaux sont dans chaque cas assemblés par juxtaposition de leur cadre plastique et scellés entre eux par collage et, ainsi la présence de telles cloisons isolantes, ne modifie pas ou même peut réduire, sur les surfaces qu'elles occupent, le taux de transmission calorifique et phonique de l'ensemble de la construction.The panels are in each case assembled by juxtaposition of their plastic frame and sealed together by gluing and, thus the presence of such insulating partitions, does not modify or even can reduce, on the surfaces they occupy, the rate of heat transmission and phonic of the whole construction.
Grâce aux caractéristiques des éléments de construction 1 suivant l'invention, il est également possible de réaliser des panneaux, tels que représentés figure 1, démontables : en effet, les fers 9. 10, utilisés pour le maillage et l'ancrage dans le reste du bâtiment où est normalement incorporé le panneau ainsi constitué, peuvent être remplacés par des tiges, filetées au moins à leurs extrémités dépassant dudit panneau, et ayant un diamètre compatible avec les gorges 6, 7 et 8 ; il est possible alors de monter et d'assembler les éléments 1 à sec, sans collage ni ancrage définitif, et d'obtenir des panneaux ou parois en kit, c'est-à-dire prêts à monter, et donc également démontables, constitués des éléments 1, des tiges 9. 10, d'écrous correspondants, et de plaques d'appui de ces écrous situés à la périphérie du panneau et pouvant former un cadre continu externe. Thanks to the characteristics of the construction elements 1 according to the invention, it is also possible to produce panels, as shown in FIG. 1, which can be dismantled: in fact, the irons 9. 10, used for the mesh and the anchoring in the rest of the building in which the panel thus constituted is normally incorporated, may be replaced by rods, threaded at least at their ends projecting from said panel, and having a diameter compatible with the grooves 6, 7 and 8; it is then possible to assemble and assemble the elements 1 dry, without gluing or final anchoring, and to obtain panels or walls in kit form, that is to say ready to assemble, and therefore also removable, made up elements 1, rods 9. 10, corresponding nuts, and support plates for these nuts located at the periphery of the panel and which can form an external continuous frame.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Elément de construction (1) composite de parois (30) constitué par un cadre (3) en matière plastique, ceinturant à la périphérie dudit élément, au moins une partie de la tranche d'un panneau (21, 22 ) central et réalisé en matériau pouvant être cassant, ledit cadre comportant des moyens de blocage entre les éléments (1) contigus, constitués par des saillies et des empreintes complémentaires, et étant fait d'une matière plastique présentant un degré de dureté shore lui conférant une résistance suffisante à la compression pour assurer la permanence des cotes de la paroi (30) construit avec de tels éléments (1), caractérisé en ce que ladite matière plastique présente simultanément un taux d'élasticité suffisant pour absorber les contraintes éventuelles imposées par le gros oeuvre qui reçoit ledit panneau (30) et préserver l'intégrité du panneau (21, 22).1. Building element (1) composite of walls (30) consisting of a frame (3) of plastic material, encircling at the periphery of said element, at least part of the edge of a central panel (21, 22) and made of material which can be brittle, said frame comprising blocking means between the contiguous elements (1), constituted by projections and complementary impressions, and being made of a plastic material having a degree of shore hardness giving it sufficient strength to compression to ensure the permanence of the dimensions of the wall (30) constructed with such elements (1), characterized in that said plastic material simultaneously has a rate of elasticity sufficient to absorb any stresses imposed by the structural work which receives said panel (30) and preserve the integrity of the panel (21, 22).
2. Elément de construction (1) selon la revendication 1, constitué au moyen d'au moins deux panneaux (21, 22) accolés, caractérisé en ce que les deux dits panneaux (21, 22) sont accolés avec interposition entre eux dudit cadre (3) en matière plastique, sur les tranches duquel de part et d'autre, prennent appui les bords (31) de chacun des panneaux, délimitant avec ledit cadre une cavité intérieure (24) .2. building element (1) according to claim 1, constituted by means of at least two panels (21, 22) joined, characterized in that the two said panels (21, 22) are joined with interposition of said frame (3) made of plastic, on the edges of which on either side, bear the edges (31) of each of the panels, delimiting with said frame an interior cavity (24).
3. Elément de construction (1) selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que ledit cadre en matière plastique (3) comporte sur sa paroi interne faisant face aux tranches (32) desdits panneaux (21, 22), de part et d'autre de son plan médian, des nervures (27) venant s'incruster lors de l'assemblage desdits panneaux (21, 22) dans des cannelures (28) correspondantes portées periphériquement par lesdites tranches (32) desdits panneaux (21, 22 ) . 3. Building element (1) according to claim 2, characterized in that said plastic frame (3) has on its internal wall facing the edges (32) of said panels (21, 22), on the side and other of its median plane, ribs (27) which become encrusted during the assembly of said panels (21, 22) in corresponding grooves (28) carried peripherally by said edges (32) of said panels (21, 22).
4. Elément de construction (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que ledit cadre en matière plastique (3) présente en coupe orthogonale longitudinale horizontale une forme trapézoïdale, tout en conservant en coupe transversale verticale une forme parallélogrammatique permettant d'organiser des panneaux verticaux épousant une forme générale sensiblement courbe dans le plan horizontal selon l'angle donné au trapèze.4. Construction element (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that said plastic frame (3) has in orthogonal horizontal longitudinal section a trapezoidal shape, while retaining in vertical cross section a shape parallelogrammatic allowing to organize vertical panels following a general shape substantially curved in the horizontal plane according to the angle given to the trapezoid.
5- Elément de construction (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que la ou les saillies et les empreintes complémentaires, dont est muni extérieurement le cadre en matière plastique (3) en vue d'assurer le blocage entre eux des éléments de construction (1) contigus, sont constituées d'une part, sur deux côtés adjacents par au moins deux plots (11) et d'autre part, sur les deux autres côtés par autant de cuvettes complémentaires (12) placées sur chacun de ces côtés dudit cadre (3) de la même manière que le sont les plots (11) par rapport aux limites de chacun des côtés intéressés. 5- Construction element (1) according to any one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the projection (s) and the complementary impressions, with which the plastic frame (3) is externally provided in order to ensure the blocking between them of the adjacent building elements (1), are made up on the one hand, on two adjacent sides by at least two studs (11) and on the other hand, on the other two sides by as many complementary bowls (12) placed on each of these sides of said frame (3) of the same so that are the studs (11) relative to the limits of each of the interested sides.
6. Elément de construction (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5. caractérisé en ce que ledit cadre (3) comporte des logements (6, 7. 8) destinés à recevoir des fers d'ancrage (9) de ladite paroi (30) dans le bâtiment qui doit la recevoir.6. building element (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 5. characterized in that said frame (3) comprises housings (6, 7. 8) intended to receive anchor irons (9) of said wall (30) in the building which is to receive it.
7. Elément de construction (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que ledit cadre (3) et lesdits panneaux (21, 22) formant ledit élément (1) maintiennent entre le bord (31) des panneaux, une feuille de plastique (23) présentant une paroi égale à la surface totale de chacun des panneaux (21) et (22) qui se font face et l'enserrent, formant à l'intérieur de l'élément (1) une cloison médiane étanche séparant la cavité (24) en deux cavités (24,7. building element (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that said frame (3) and said panels (21, 22) forming said element (1) maintain between the edge (31) panels, a plastic sheet (23) having a wall equal to the total surface of each of the panels (21) and (22) which face and grip it, forming inside the element (1) a tight central partition separating the cavity (24) into two cavities (24,
25)-25) -
8. Elément de construction (1) de parois selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce que ladite feuille de matière plastique (23) est faite d'un matériau présentant un coefficient de transmission thermique inférieur à celui du matériau constituant les panneaux assemblés (21, 22).8. building element (1) of walls according to claim 1, characterized in that said plastic sheet (23) is made of a material having a coefficient of thermal transmission lower than that of the material constituting the assembled panels (21 , 22).
9. Elément de construction (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 8, caractérisé en ce que les deux dits panneaux (21, 22) qui le constituent, sont des coquilles de verre. 9. building element (1) according to any one of claims 2 to 8, characterized in that the two said panels (21, 22) which constitute it, are glass shells.
10. Elément de construction (1) selon la revendication 9. caractérisé en ce que l'assemblage des coquilles de verre (21, 22) de part et d'autre du cadre de plastique (3) s'effectue sous vide.10. Construction element (1) according to claim 9. characterized in that the assembly of the glass shells (21, 22) on either side of the plastic frame (3) is carried out under vacuum.
11. Procédé permettant la fabrication d'élément de construction (1) conformément à l'une quelconque des revendications 7 à 10, caractérisé en ce que les panneaux (21) et (22) sont accolés fortement au niveau de leur bord externe (31) à la feuille de matière plastique (23) sur chacune de ses faces avant d'être introduite dans le moule destiné à créer le cadre de matière plastique (3)-11. Method for manufacturing a building element (1) according to any one of claims 7 to 10, characterized in that the panels (21) and (22) are strongly contiguous at their external edge (31 ) with the plastic sheet (23) on each of its faces before being introduced into the mold intended to create the plastic frame (3) -
12. Procédé selon la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce que la compression de chaque panneau (21) et (22) au niveau de leur bord (31) de part et d'autre de la feuille plastique (23) est opérée à une température supérieure à la température ambiante, mais inférieure à la température risquant de provoquer la déformation de la matière plastique constituant ladite feuille.12. Method according to claim 11, characterized in that the compression of each panel (21) and (22) at their edge (31) on either side of the plastic sheet (23) is operated at a temperature higher than room temperature, but lower than the temperature likely to cause deformation of the plastic material constituting said sheet.
13. Procédé permettant la fabrication d'élément de construction (1) conforme à l'une quelconque des revendications 7 à 10, caractérisé en ce que la feuille de matière plastique (23) formant la cloison médiane est incluse dans le plan médian du cadre moulé de matière plastique (3), lors de sa fabrication, les panneaux (21) et (22 ) étant ensuite introduits en force dans le cadre (3) de part et d'autre de ladite feuille (23) jusqu'au contact de la saillie périphérique interne (29) du cadre qui supporte ladite feuille. 13. Method for manufacturing a building element (1) according to any one of claims 7 to 10, characterized in that the plastic sheet (23) forming the central partition is included in the median plane of the frame molded from plastic (3), during its manufacture, the panels (21) and (22) then being force-fitted into the frame (3) on either side of said sheet (23) until contact with the internal peripheral projection (29) of the frame which supports said sheet.
EP94904200A 1993-01-05 1994-01-04 Composite building partition element which can be transparent and/or insulating and process for the manufacture of a number of said elements Expired - Lifetime EP0678141B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9300067 1993-01-05
FR9300067A FR2700182B1 (en) 1993-01-05 1993-01-05 Glass block equipment for the construction of transparent walls.
FR9311195A FR2710088B1 (en) 1993-09-17 1993-09-17 Insulating glass brick.
FR9311195 1993-09-17
FR9312254A FR2711167B1 (en) 1993-10-13 1993-10-13 Construction elements for transparent or non-transparent insulating walls and process for manufacturing such elements.
FR9312254 1993-10-13
PCT/FR1994/000011 WO1994016168A1 (en) 1993-01-05 1994-01-04 Composite building partition element which can be transparent and/or insulating and process for the manufacture of a number of said elements

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0678141A1 true EP0678141A1 (en) 1995-10-25
EP0678141B1 EP0678141B1 (en) 1997-08-13

Family

ID=27252697

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP94904200A Expired - Lifetime EP0678141B1 (en) 1993-01-05 1994-01-04 Composite building partition element which can be transparent and/or insulating and process for the manufacture of a number of said elements

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0678141B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE156881T1 (en)
AU (1) AU5835394A (en)
CZ (1) CZ172895A3 (en)
DE (1) DE69404969D1 (en)
WO (1) WO1994016168A1 (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2826388A1 (en) 2001-06-21 2002-12-27 Pierre Quillevere Glass brick panel/wall having inter element connection flexible strip laced forming one side connection compressed zone and other side joining zone.
EP4187035A1 (en) 2021-11-29 2023-05-31 EMPA Eidgenössische Materialprüfungs- und Forschungsanstalt Translucent glass brick

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2776560B1 (en) * 1998-03-25 2000-06-23 Patrick Vassal METHOD AND DEVICE FOR OVER-MOLDING AND MOUNTING PIECES OF IDENTICAL FORM BUT WITH IRREGULAR DIMENSIONS
FR2850991B1 (en) * 2003-02-12 2006-06-23 Rochere GLASS BRICK ASSEMBLY
ITVE20110039A1 (en) * 2011-05-31 2012-12-01 Nadia Rizzon BRICK OF GLASS FOR REALIZING FIBER WALLS.

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2167764A (en) * 1936-09-12 1939-08-01 Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co Glass building block
AT332075B (en) * 1972-12-22 1976-09-10 Saint Gobain GLASS BLOCK
DE3218401A1 (en) * 1982-05-15 1983-11-17 Glas - und Spiegel-Manufactur AG, 4650 Gelsenkirchen Glass building block, wall part made of glass building blocks, and method for laying and installing such glass building blocks
DE3221740A1 (en) * 1982-06-09 1983-12-15 Vereinigte Glaswerke Gmbh, 5100 Aachen Process for producing a glass brick from two shell-shaped half-bricks
EP0103192B1 (en) * 1982-09-09 1986-06-11 VEGLA Vereinigte Glaswerke GmbH Glass brick, wall of glass building elements and method of laying and erecting the same

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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Title
See references of WO9416168A1 *

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2826388A1 (en) 2001-06-21 2002-12-27 Pierre Quillevere Glass brick panel/wall having inter element connection flexible strip laced forming one side connection compressed zone and other side joining zone.
EP4187035A1 (en) 2021-11-29 2023-05-31 EMPA Eidgenössische Materialprüfungs- und Forschungsanstalt Translucent glass brick
WO2023094598A1 (en) 2021-11-29 2023-06-01 Empa Eidgenössische Materialprüfungs- Und Forschungsanstalt Translucent glass brick and wall therefrom

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69404969D1 (en) 1997-09-18
ATE156881T1 (en) 1997-08-15
AU5835394A (en) 1994-08-15
EP0678141B1 (en) 1997-08-13
WO1994016168A1 (en) 1994-07-21
CZ172895A3 (en) 1996-08-14

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