Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
  • E04C1/00—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings
  • E04C1/42—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings of glass or other transparent material

Definitions

• Composite building element of walls which can be transparent and / or insulating and method of manufacturing some of these elements.
• the present invention relates to construction elements
• the technical sector of the invention is the field of construction and decoration of buildings.
• One of the main applications of the invention is the production of glass blocks for constructing transparent or translucent, vertical, horizontal and / or curved walls.
• Another application is the production of composite construction elements having good thermal and sound insulation characteristics.
• the application making it possible to use all of the possibilities offered by the present invention and described below is then the production of blocks or glass bricks making it possible to form walls which are both transparent or translucent and well insulating.
• edges carrying the weld line and this protrudes outside which then increases the difficulty: without an additional operation of finishing the edges, it is excluded that can mount them on top of each other with simple interposition of a thin layer of glue for example.
• this cuff is firmly connected to the glass brick, household between two bricks placed one against the other a visible joint of usual width and is provided with hollows and grooves allowing either the passage of connecting reinforcements, or their interlocking to allow their alignment and their maintenance in position.
• the panel thus formed of transparent or other paving stones directly assembled together, either by a rigid link, or by nesting of compatible grooves, with an external peripheral frame of a material having an elasticity. sufficient to absorb the possible stresses of the wall which carries said panel, in order to avoid cracking of its elements.
• the problem is therefore to be able to quickly assemble construction elements quickly and without too much specialized labor.
• composites of which at least one material which constitutes them can be brittle and having to be incorporated in or between walls of construction of different structure, in order to produce walls without risk of cracking of these, with good strength and mechanical strength and allowing more to obtain good thermal and / or sound insulation between the two volumes that these walls can delimit.
• a solution to the problem posed is a composite building element of walls constituted by a plastic frame surrounding, at the periphery of said element, at least part of the edge of a central panel and made of material which can be brittle: said frame includes blocking means between the adjoining elements, constituted by projections and complementary imprints, and is made of a plastic material having a degree of shore hardness giving it sufficient resistance to compression to ensure the permanence of the dimensions of the wall built with such elements; according to the invention, said plastic material simultaneously has a rate of elasticity sufficient to absorb any stresses imposed by the shell which receives said panel and thus preserve the integrity of the panel.
• said construction element is constituted by means of at least two adjoining panels, such as two glass shells, with interposition between them of said plastic frame, on the edges of which on either side, bear the edges of each of the panels, delimiting with said frame an interior cavity;
• said plastic frame may have on its internal wall facing the edges of said panels, on either side of its median plane, ribs which become encrusted during the assembly of said panels in corresponding grooves carried peripherally by said edges of said panels; similarly, said frame may also include housings intended to receive anchoring irons of said wall in the building which is to receive it.
• said frame and said panels forming said element maintain between the edge of the panels, a plastic sheet having a wall equal to the total surface of each of the panels and which face each other and enclose it, forming inside the element a tight central partition separating the cavity formed by the two panels and the frame into two cavities; said sheet of plastic material is made of a material having a coefficient of thermal transmission lower than that of the material constituting the assembled panels.
• said plastic frame has in trapezoidal horizontal longitudinal orthogonal section, while retaining in parallel cross section a parallelogrammatic shape making it possible to organize vertical panels conforming to a shape general substantially curved in the horizontal plane according to the angle given to the trapezoid.
• the two said panels which constitute said construction element are therefore glass shells which then constitute a glass brick.
• the result is new construction elements composed of walls which can be transparent and / or insulating, which respond to the problem posed above and which make it possible to achieve the objectives of the present invention.
• each building element such as a glass block, perfectly standard, can be introduced into a mold and receive by injection at its periphery an envelope in the form of a belt made of a hot-melt plastic material having the hardness adequate shore.
• Said belt or plastic frame can be also manufactured by extrusion, then folded to form a frame of the same shape and the same perimeter as the building element according to the invention, such as a glass block, the ends of the extruded ribbon then being glued together.
• Said frame or belt surrounds a part or all of the width of the edge of the building element peripherally and includes interlocking means capable of cooperating with each other to allow their spontaneous alignment to be obtained by their simple suitable juxtaposition.
• Said belt according to the invention can also receive building irons which together constitute a gridded mesh which ensures the rigidity of the panel at the same time as its anchoring in the shell, said irons remaining invisible, being thus embedded between the two belt elements which are interposed between each element and those adjacent.
• this plastic belt which takes part in the connection of the elements together, also takes part in the reduction of the thermal bridge previously noted at this level, the plastic having a coefficient 'i "of heat transmission lower than that" ⁇ 2 "of the mortar of connection usually used with normal building components.
• this coefficient “J i” of plastic material can also be chosen to be also lower than “3” of the material constituting the central panel of said elements, the connection of these at least two panels thus being able to be carried out according to the invention, no longer by direct peripheral fixing of the two panels together, but by means of the peripheral plastic belt itself.
• the peripheral connection of the two glass shells which constitute it, by means of the plastic belt breaks the continuity of the thermal conduction between the two faces of the glass block.
• the thermal transmission coefficient " ⁇ Ji" of such an assembly is further reduced by a sheet of semi-rigid plastic material having a "J4" lower than that of the material used for the panels, such as glass, and inserted between the two panels constituting the central part of the building element, such as a glass brick: the overall thermal transmittance coefficient "" thus obtained, may even be even lower than that which can be obtained by putting the vacuum internal volume of the construction element produced between the panels which constitute it and said belt, and without however undergoing the technological constraints or the cost that this operation requires, or causing the frame to deform. Hence a reduced cost price, however, corresponding to an improved "- ⁇ ".
• Figure 1 is a schematic view of a wall portion formed of building elements, object of the invention, showing its metallic anchoring mesh.
• Figure 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a glass brick equipped according to the invention.
• Figure 3 is a schematic profile view of the same element.
• Figure 4 is a partial schematic view of an angle seen from face of the same element.
• Figure 5 is a schematic profile view of a glass brick equipped in such a way that it allows the construction of a curved vertical transparent wall.
• Figure 6 is a schematic view broken in the height direction of a prismatic element inserted between the blocks according to Figures 2, 3 or 4, in order to build a curved vertical transparent wall.
• Figure 7 is a schematic plan view of a curved transparent vertical wall constructed (in 7a according to the means shown in Figure 5. in 7a according to the means shown in Figure 6).
• Figure 8 is a schematic elevational view of a glass block manufactured according to the invention, of which Figure 4 was a partial view.
• Figure 9 is a schematic vertical sectional view along AA of Figure 8 of an insulating brick.
• FIG. 10 is a schematic view in median vertical section along AA of FIG. 8, of a glass brick taken as an example of an insulating construction element constituted according to the invention with an interior partition.
• FIG. 11 is a schematic view in median vertical section along AA, of the same element as in FIG. 10, according to a variant of the manufacturing method of the invention.
• the perfectly standard glass block brick 1 which is usually constituted by two shells assembled by welding and which normally has a wide peripheral groove 2, receives the belt peripherally, for example by injection into a suitable mold.
• 3 made of a hot-melt plastic material such as polystyrene or polyvinyl chloride: this material must have a degree of shore hardness giving it sufficient resistance to compression to ensure the permanence of the dimensions of the panel made up of such elements, at the same time as a rate of elasticity sufficient to absorb the possible constraints imposed by the structural work which receives said panel, said belt 3 being thus made captive of groove 2.
• Said 3t belt which expands across its width peripherally beyond the groove 2, substantially over the entire thickness of the brick 1, over a thickness, itself constant and sufficient to ensure the absorption of the possible stresses of the structural work which receives the panel, has at its periphery outer one or more projections, such as the longitudinal rib 4, and one or more complementary female imprints, such as the longitudinal groove 5. arranged symmetrically with the projection (s) relative to the longitudinal vertical median plane of the brick, so as to come each in coincidence with the complementary element of the adjacent paving stone (s) placed a contrario, which allows perfect natural alignment of the panels thus formed.
• the belt 3 further comprises, organized on each of its sides at equal distance on either side of the same longitudinal vertical median plane, the longitudinal grooves 6 and 7. capable of forming with the similar grooves of the adjacent block or blocks of the channels continuous through the panel, capable of receiving a round iron from the building, preferably stainless which, thus embedded in the plastic element joining the paving stones, ensures the rigidity of the panel of which it constitutes the frame, and protruding from the latter , also ensures its anchoring in the shell, according to Figure 1.
• a longitudinal groove 8 located in said median plane makes it possible to receive another iron oriented orthogonally with respect to the previous ones so as to form with them a grid mesh.
• the plastic belt 3 can have a trapezoidal shape in horizontal longitudinal section (FIG. 5).
• said belt retaining a parallelogrammatic shape in vertical cross section, which makes it possible to organize the adjacent paving stones to form a panel according to a vertical surface that is substantially curved in the horizontal plane (7a in FIG. 7). according to the angle given to the trapezoid, placing contiguous and in the same direction their trapezoidal sides. So that it is thus possible, without the need to manufacture special glass blocks, to build walls which may be transparent with a curved vertical shape, creating a new aesthetic. 5 In this case the grooves 6, 7 and 8 also allow the positioning of the anchoring irons 9 and 10.
• the assembly projections are formed on two adjacent sides by at least two studs 11 and on the other two sides of the belt by as many complementary bowls 12 placed on each of these sides said belt 3. in the same way as are the studs 11 by
• the opening angle of the prism 15 conditions the radius of curvature of the wall thus constructed (7a in FIG. 7) •
• This prism 15, made of the same plastic as the belt 3, has each of its faces 16 and 17 which form the dihedral, of a length equal to the length of one side of the brick, their height
• prisms 1 makes it possible to reduce the investment immobilized in the stock, the latter no longer being made up only of the only type of paving stones exclusively provided with the same belt 3. in this case parallelepiped. This also makes it possible to reduce the fixed investment in injection molds, a single form of mold for a rectangular belt sufficient in this case.
• the standard glass block can be provided, before the injection of the belt 3. on the periphery of the groove 2 of the brick 1 on either side of the median bead 13 formed by the welding of the two shells which constitute the brick 1, of a strip 14 of an inexpensive material, such as cardboard, of a thickness at most equal to the depth of said groove 2, the posterior injection of the belt 3 embedding said strips 14 in its mass which, as a result, is reduced in the volume of said strips.
• the two shells 21 and 22 constituting the glass block 1 are linked together by the plastic belt 3 which is preferably in simultaneous contact with the peripheral edge 32 of each of the two shells, and with the outer dish of the edge of the bowl that each 5 they form: in this embodiment, said two shells or panels 21, 22 in a general case of a construction element, are joined with the interposition between them of said frame 3 of plastic material, on which the slices on both 'other, bear the edges 31 of each of the panels or glass shells, delimiting
• the panels 21, 22 constituting the element 1 can be planar, without being in the form of a shell, by being pressed or embedded and held at their external peripheral edge directly against or in the
• said extruded strip is sectioned so as to be placed around a matrix, of the same shape and the same perimeter as the glass brick, making it possible to give it the shape of a closed frame.
• the glass shells 21 and 22 taken here also as an example are placed face to face at their free edge by enclosing between them a plastic sheet 23 with an area equal to the total area of each shell, such as polystyrene, polycarbonate, polyethyl acetate, or any other material, transparent or not, having a good light transmission as well as a good coefficient of thermal transmission '' 'always lower than that which characterizes each of these materials.
• a plastic sheet 23 with an area equal to the total area of each shell, such as polystyrene, polycarbonate, polyethyl acetate, or any other material, transparent or not, having a good light transmission as well as a good coefficient of thermal transmission '' 'always lower than that which characterizes each of these materials.
• the material used for constituting the membrane 23 is preferably in a semi-rigid form so that, when the glass shells are placed on either side of said sheet 23 under a certain external pressure, quite strong however preferably, the free edge of each shell is slightly encrusted in said sheet 23, in order to seal the cavities or empty volumes 24 and 25 thus trapped, on either side of the watertight partition thus created.
• this operation can also be carried out at a temperature above room temperature, although below the temperature which could cause the deformation of the sheet 23; this temperature rise has the effect of naturally creating, during cooling, a certain vacuum in the cavities 24 and 25 of the shells, balanced on either side of this partition 23.
• the plastic sheet 23 can be metallized over the entire surface of each of its faces, so as to reflect the radiation which can reach it through the transparent or translucent glass shells 21 or 22, which further reduces the thermal transmission coefficient.
• the plastic belt 3 is put in place according to the means described above, that is to say either by molding a peripheral frame, the two shells assembled as indicated above being introduced, before the molding of the frame, in the mold adequate, either by fitting a plastic belt previously produced by extrusion by means of a die comprising the profile 26.
• This is intended to create by juxtaposition with the adjacent brick the peripheral external housings 6, 7. 8 being able to contain the reinforcing bars of the possibly translucent wall constructed using such bricks, as well as the grooves 4, 5. male and female, necessary to ensure perfect alignment of the juxtaposed bricks.
• the plastic frame 3 has on its internal face on either side of its median plane ribs 27 corresponding to similar grooves 28 formed in the sides of the shells 1 and 2, said ribs 27 fitting together during the assembly of said shells in the corresponding grooves so as to immobilize said shells in their assembled position, without requiring gluing.
• the plastic sheet 23 forming the central partition is included in the median plane of the frame 3 during its own manufacturing by molding.
• Each of the shells 21 and 22 is then forcefully introduced into the frame on either side of the central partition 23, until it locks against the internal central projection 29 of the frame 3 supporting said partition.
• the product of the invention can be used for the construction of insulating panels of any wall, transparent or translucent, when it is glass bricks, or translucent plastic then increasing even more the thermal and / or phonic insulation, or opaque when it comes to bricks of any other material; these bricks are according to the invention, assembled as just said, and said panels can then be used for decorative purposes according to the patterns worn on the surface by each element composing it.
• the panels are in each case assembled by juxtaposition of their plastic frame and sealed together by gluing and, thus the presence of such insulating partitions, does not modify or even can reduce, on the surfaces they occupy, the rate of heat transmission and phonic of the whole construction.
• the irons 9. 10 used for the mesh and the anchoring in the rest of the building in which the panel thus constituted is normally incorporated, may be replaced by rods, threaded at least at their ends projecting from said panel, and having a diameter compatible with the grooves 6, 7 and 8; it is then possible to assemble and assemble the elements 1 dry, without gluing or final anchoring, and to obtain panels or walls in kit form, that is to say ready to assemble, and therefore also removable, made up elements 1, rods 9. 10, corresponding nuts, and support plates for these nuts located at the periphery of the panel and which can form an external continuous frame.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Panels For Use In Building Construction (AREA)
• Laminated Bodies (AREA)
• Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
• Building Environments (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (7)

Publications (2)

Family

ID=27252697

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (6)

Cited By (2)

Families Citing this family (3)

Family Cites Families (5)

• 1994
  • 1994-01-04 DE DE69404969T patent/DE69404969D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1994-01-04 AU AU58353/94A patent/AU5835394A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1994-01-04 EP EP94904200A patent/EP0678141B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1994-01-04 WO PCT/FR1994/000011 patent/WO1994016168A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1994-01-04 CZ CZ951728A patent/CZ172895A3/cs unknown
  • 1994-01-04 AT AT94904200T patent/ATE156881T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation

Non-Patent Citations (1)

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events