EP0677719B1 - Remote control device for igniting the warhead of a projectile - Google Patents

Remote control device for igniting the warhead of a projectile Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0677719B1
EP0677719B1 EP95104881A EP95104881A EP0677719B1 EP 0677719 B1 EP0677719 B1 EP 0677719B1 EP 95104881 A EP95104881 A EP 95104881A EP 95104881 A EP95104881 A EP 95104881A EP 0677719 B1 EP0677719 B1 EP 0677719B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
projectile
distance
remote control
control device
guide beam
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EP95104881A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0677719A1 (en
Inventor
Berndt Dr.-Ing. Warm
Detlev Dr.-Ing. Wittmer
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Diehl Stiftung and Co KG
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Diehl Stiftung and Co KG
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41WEAPONS
    • F41GWEAPON SIGHTS; AIMING
    • F41G7/00Direction control systems for self-propelled missiles
    • F41G7/20Direction control systems for self-propelled missiles based on continuous observation of target position
    • F41G7/30Command link guidance systems
    • F41G7/301Details
    • F41G7/303Sighting or tracking devices especially provided for simultaneous observation of the target and of the missile
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42CAMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C13/00Proximity fuzes; Fuzes for remote detonation
    • F42C13/02Proximity fuzes; Fuzes for remote detonation operated by intensity of light or similar radiation
    • F42C13/026Remotely actuated projectile fuzes operated by optical transmission links

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a remote control device according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Such a device is from DE 30 04 317 A1 and from DE 31 23 339 A1, which is described, for remote ignition in helicopter combat using the same laser rangefinder or using two laser rangefinders both the target distance and the current storey distance to measure continuously and trigger the ignition signal if they match.
  • an optimal effect in the target only results if the projectile actually hits the target and not - for example, due to rapid evasive movements of the helicopter - flies past the target.
  • the state of equal distances is reached at some point and thus the ignition triggered remotely without ensuring that the target is within the effective radius of the warhead.
  • It is also technically very complex for example close to the ground or against a very bright background a laser distance measurement to the small projectile cross-section with its disturbed (because swirled and heated) ambient atmosphere.
  • U.S. Patent 4,214,534 is the weapon from which the projectile was fired is equipped with a radar device that a narrow beam towards the projectile trajectory emits to transmit impulses to the projectile. If a predetermined number of impulses is on board the projectile received and added up, it becomes derived an ignition command for the warhead. Of the corresponding time from the firing of the projectile can be varied at the command post via the pulse repetition rate. But since the projectile speed is not constant is, the pulse number does not give an exact measure for the Distance at which the projectile is fired. Furthermore is a safe projectile tracking by means of a narrow radar beam technically very complex.
  • a more precise target distance ignition results if the projectile with an active retroreflective range finder is equipped, as in the case of the optronic Rangefinder according to US Pat. No. 4,223,607 or U.S. Patent 4,776,274.
  • the device technology increases Effort and therefore the price of a projectile is extraordinary when it is with an active fireproof Rangefinder for triggering the ignition must be equipped.
  • the reliability the ignition trigger from the reflection conditions dependent on the target object and an ignition trigger defined behind one illuminated by the rangefinder Fixed point is not possible.
  • the preset firing interval no longer change, which is particularly the case with great shot distances to adapt to current oneself changing target conditions would be desirable, for example to switch from a wrong target to a real target or when shooting from moving on moving Aims.
  • the invention is in particular the technical Underlying problem, the effectiveness of the use especially large caliber projectiles such as grenades or Missiles from the howitzer of a howitzer or main battle tank can be fired over large distances by switching on of a precisely specified and also during the mission correctable air point, despite inevitable longitudinal scatter in the kinematics ammunition to increase significantly.
  • the one according to the invention is particularly advantageous Remote control device for remotely steerable projectiles can be used that have constant beacon contact and via this directly to one from the command post targeted target object. Because then, as described in DE-OS 41 37 843, the guide beam in addition to the laser beam from the rangefinder coupled into the main scope and so harmonized with the optical target observation will. During this only rarely and briefly switched on Rangefinder provides the target distance, can the ongoing projectile removal via the beacon be determined by the practical in Continuously operating steering information from one Pulse information for retroreflective distance measurement is superimposed. The same laser resonator can be used for this are used, which also delivers the beacon, by temporarily shifting its wavelength and additionally is modulated and the pulse reflex transit times or phase differences of the frequency-changed beam frequency selective for determining the current projectile distance be received.
  • beacon remote control without any Temperature requirements in the course of the loading process, about long distance can be precisely directed to a target object and from the measurement of the residual distance just as precisely is fired at a predetermined distance from the target object.
  • Projectile 11 is directed against a target object 12. It is preferably a self-propelled one or post-accelerator, especially with a rocket engine, equipped projectile 11, which is why with a constant or even known in terms of history Projectile speed cannot be calculated. Projectile 11 is - at least in the final phase of Approaching the target - in a target 12 Guide beam 13 controllable. As in the DE-OS 41 37 843 explained in more detail, the guide beam 13 is expedient in the mirror head 14 of the with integrated Laser rangefinder 24 equipped Main scope of a weapon guidance system, in particular for the turret of a main battle tank, coupled. A steering device adapted to the main scope 15 contains a laser resonator 16 and a modulator 17.
  • the latter characterizes e.g. against each other defined areas in the cross-sectional area of the Resonator 16 delivered beam 18 from each other distinguishable identifiers and thereby makes them to the beacon 13 because a laser receiver 19 in the projectile 11 thereby in accordance with the current situation in Steel cross section a control information for return of the projectile 11 in the center of the beacon 13 can deliver.
  • Opening angle 21 of the guide beam 13 with a greater distance L1 reduced from command post 22 to place of the receiver 19 has an approximately constant cross section of the beacon 13 and thus a constant to achieve dynamic behavior of the trajectory correction.
  • the target distance L2 from command post 22 is about the mirror head 14 by means of a laser distance measuring device 24 for example by means of the reflex pulse transit time determines what command post 22 prefers is equipped with an Nd-Yag laser.
  • An additional Laser source for determining the current projectile distance L1 is avoided if the energy supplied from the resonator 16 for the guide beam 13 is used.
  • For the determination of the Projectile distance L1 becomes the modulation frequencies of the laser steering field - now over the entire beam cross-section - Another frequency modulation essential shorter wavelength (in the MHz range) superimposed.
  • a tuning element 25 which is preferably a Raman cell.
  • An ignition modulator 29 delivers the permanent Projectile contact of the beacon 13 an ignition command 30 if a distance sensor 31 reaching a than Ignition criterion given triggering distance dL from the Difference between the two current distances L2-L1 determined. With decoding of this firing command 30 in Projectile receiver 19 becomes the projectile warhead 32 initiated at an effective distance from the target object 12. If, on the other hand, the warhead is used in a specific application 32 once by an impact detonator 33 only the beacon needs to be initiated 13 in the final phase of projectile approach to the Target 12 to be aimed without the ignition modulator 29 to control, so for example at zero reset spacer 31; or by accordingly changed function specification before the launch, for example using a selector switch on the projectile.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
  • Optical Radar Systems And Details Thereof (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Fernsteuereinrichtung gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruches 1.The invention relates to a remote control device according to the preamble of claim 1.

Eine derartige Einrichtung ist aus der DE 30 04 317 A1 bzw. aus der DE 31 23 339 A1 bekannt, worin beschrieben ist, zur Fernzündung bei der Hubschrauberbekämpfung mittels des selben Laser-Entfernungsmessers bzw. mittels zweier Laser-Entfernungsmesser sowohl die Zielentfernung wie auch die momentane Geschoßentfernung laufend zu messen und bei Übereinstimmung das Zündsignal auszulösen. Eine optimale Wirkung im Ziel ergibt sich dabei jedoch nur dann, wenn das Projektil tatsächlich das Ziel trifft und nicht - etwa aufgrund von raschen Ausweichbewegungen des Hubschraubers - am Ziel vorbei fliegt. Denn auch bei divergierenden Ziel- und Projektil-Richtungen, gesehen vom Entfernungsmesser aus, wird irgendwann der Zustand gleicher Entfernungen erreicht und somit die Zündung fernausgelöst, ohne daß sichergestellt ist, daß das Ziel sich auch im Wirkradius des Gefechtskopfes befindet. Außerdem ist es technisch sehr aufwendig, beispielsweise dicht über dem Grund oder vor einem stark strahlenden Hintergrund eine Laser-Entfernungsmessung zum kleinen Projektil-Querschnitt mit seiner gestörten (da verwirbelten und aufgeheizten) Umgebungsatmosphäre durchzuführen.Such a device is from DE 30 04 317 A1 and from DE 31 23 339 A1, which is described, for remote ignition in helicopter combat using the same laser rangefinder or using two laser rangefinders both the target distance and the current storey distance to measure continuously and trigger the ignition signal if they match. However, an optimal effect in the target only results if the projectile actually hits the target and not - for example, due to rapid evasive movements of the helicopter - flies past the target. Because even with divergent Target and projectile directions, seen from the rangefinder, the state of equal distances is reached at some point and thus the ignition triggered remotely without ensuring that the target is within the effective radius of the warhead. It is also technically very complex, for example close to the ground or against a very bright background a laser distance measurement to the small projectile cross-section with its disturbed (because swirled and heated) ambient atmosphere.

Gemäß der US-PS 4 214 534 ist die Waffe, aus der das Projektil verschossen wird, mit einem Radargerät ausgestattet, das einen schmalen Strahl in Richtung der Projektil-Flugbahn abgibt, um Impulse an das Projektil zu übermitteln. Wenn an Bord des Projektils eine vorgegebenen Impulszahl empfangen und aufsummiert wurde, wird daraus ein Zündkommando für den Gefechtskopf abgeleitet. Der entsprechende Zeitpunkt ab dem Abfeuern des Projektils ist am Gefechtsstand über die Pulsfolgefrequenz variierbar. Da aber die Projektilgeschwindigkeit nicht konstant ist, ergibt die Pulszahl kein genaues Maß für die Entfernung, in der das Projektil gezündet wird. Außerdem ist eine sichere Projektilverfolgung mittels eines schmalen Radarstrahles technisch sehr aufwendig.According to U.S. Patent 4,214,534 is the weapon from which the projectile was fired is equipped with a radar device that a narrow beam towards the projectile trajectory emits to transmit impulses to the projectile. If a predetermined number of impulses is on board the projectile received and added up, it becomes derived an ignition command for the warhead. Of the corresponding time from the firing of the projectile can be varied at the command post via the pulse repetition rate. But since the projectile speed is not constant is, the pulse number does not give an exact measure for the Distance at which the projectile is fired. Furthermore is a safe projectile tracking by means of a narrow radar beam technically very complex.

Um die geschwindigkeitsabhängige Unsicherheit der zeitabgeleiteten Zündentfernung zu verringern, ist es etwa nach der DE-OS 39 03 639 vorgesehen, eine Korrekturgröße in Abhängigkeit von der Rohraustrittsgeschwindigkeit des verschossenen Projektils auszuwerten. Die Tatsache, daß die tatsächliche Projektilgeschwindigkeit über die Zielentfernung nicht konstant ist, wird durch eine solche Korrekturinformation aber ebenfalls nicht berücksichtigt, so daß in der Praxis wieder unzulässig schwankende Zündabstände zum Zielobjekt auftreten. Das stört besonders dann, wenn ein Splitter-Gefechtskopf gegen ein in Deckung befindliches Zielobjekt wirken, also definiert bezüglich eines anvisierten Fixpunktes detonieren soll.To the speed-dependent uncertainty of the to reduce time-derived ignition distance, it is provided according to DE-OS 39 03 639, a correction quantity depending on the pipe outlet speed of the missile projectile. The Fact that the actual projectile speed is not constant over the target distance is indicated by such correction information is also not taken into account, so that in practice again inadmissible fluctuating ignition distances to the target object occur. The especially annoying when a splinter warhead act against a target object in cover, thus defined with regard to a target fixed point detonate.

Eine präzisere Zielabstandszündung ergibt sich, wenn das Projektil mit einem aktiven Rückstrahl-Entfernungsmesser ausgestattet ist, wie im Falle der optronischen Entfernungsmessers nach der US-PS 4,223,607 oder nach der US-PS 4,776,274. Allerdings steigt der gerätetechnische Aufwand und damit der Preis eines Projektils außerordentlich an, wenn es mit einem aktiven verschußfesten Entfernungsmesser zur Zündauslösung ausgestattet werden muß. Außerdem ist die Zuverlässigkeit der Zündauslösung von den Reflexionsgegebenheiten am Zielobjekt abhängig, und eine Zündauslösung definiert hinter einem vom Entfernungsmesser angestrahlten Fixpunkt ist nicht möglich. Ferner läßt sich beim einmal gestarteten Projektil der voreingestellte Zündabstand nicht mehr verändern, was insbesondere bei sehr großen Schußentfernungen zur Anpassung an aktuell sich ändernde Zielgegebenheiten wünschenswert wäre, etwa um von einem Falschziel noch auf ein Echtziel umzuschwenken oder beim Schießen aus der Fahrt auf bewegte Ziele.A more precise target distance ignition results if the projectile with an active retroreflective range finder is equipped, as in the case of the optronic Rangefinder according to US Pat. No. 4,223,607 or U.S. Patent 4,776,274. However, the device technology increases Effort and therefore the price of a projectile is extraordinary when it is with an active fireproof Rangefinder for triggering the ignition must be equipped. In addition, the reliability the ignition trigger from the reflection conditions dependent on the target object and an ignition trigger defined behind one illuminated by the rangefinder Fixed point is not possible. Furthermore, at once launched projectile the preset firing interval no longer change, which is particularly the case with great shot distances to adapt to current oneself changing target conditions would be desirable, for example to switch from a wrong target to a real target or when shooting from moving on moving Aims.

Der Erfindung liegt nämlich insbesondere das technische Problem zugrunde, die Effektivität des Einsatzes zumal großkalibriger Projektile, wie sie als Granaten oder Raketen aus der Rohrwaffe von Haubitzen oder Kampfpanzern über große Distanzen verschießbar sind, durch Einschalten eines präzise vorgegebenen und auch noch während der Mission korrigierbaren Luftsprengpunktes, trotz unvermeidlicher Längsstreuungen in der Kinematik der Munition, wesentlich zu steigern.The invention is in particular the technical Underlying problem, the effectiveness of the use especially large caliber projectiles such as grenades or Missiles from the howitzer of a howitzer or main battle tank can be fired over large distances by switching on of a precisely specified and also during the mission correctable air point, despite inevitable longitudinal scatter in the kinematics ammunition to increase significantly.

Diese Aufgabe ist erfindungsgemäß im wesentlichen dadurch gelöst, daß die gattungsgemäße Fernsteuereinrichtung auch gemäß dem Kennzeichnungsteil des Hauptanspruches ausgelegt ist.This task is essentially according to the invention solved in that the generic remote control device also according to the labeling part of the main claim is designed.

Nach dieser Lösung werden quasi-kontinuierlich die Momentanentfernungen vom Gefechtsstand zum Zielobjekt und zum auf dieses Zielobjekt abgefeuerten Projektil gemessen, und an das Projektil wird vom Gefechtsstand ein Zündkommando übermittelt, sobald die Entfernungsdifferenz und damit die Restentfernung vom momentanen Projektilstandort zum Zielobjekt sich auf einen im Hinblick auf die Wirkung des Gefechtskopfes optimiert vorgegebenen Wert verringert hat.After this solution, the quasi-continuously Instantaneous distances from the command post to the target and the projectile fired at this target is measured, and the projectile is fired from the command post an ignition command is transmitted as soon as the distance difference and thus the remaining distance from the current one Projectile location to the target object in terms of one predefined on the effect of the warhead Value has decreased.

Wenn der durch Detonationsdruck oder durch Splitterwirkung zu belegende Wirkbereich hinter einem Hindernis liegt und somit nicht unmittelbar anvisierbar ist, wird für die Zielentfernungsmessung entweder ein Zielpunkt hinter dem Wirkbereich gewählt oder (bezüglich des anvisierten Hindernisses) ein negativer Wert für die Auslöseentfernung vorgegeben. Andererseits kann es sich beim Zielobjekt durchaus auch um ein relativ zum Gefechtsstand sich bewegendes Objekt handeln, wie beispielsweise um einen gegnerischen Kampfpanzer, da die Restentfernung wenigstens quasi-kontinuierlich ermittelt und somit stets der optimale Zündabstand eingehalten wird. Ein Umschalten auf Aufschlagzündung ist jederzeit und verzögerungsfrei möglich, indem die für die Zündauslösung vorgegebene Restentfernung am Gefechtsstand auf Null gesetzt oder aber die Entfernungsmessung bzw. der Zündkommando-Modulator abgeschaltet wird.If that by detonation pressure or by splintering effective area to be occupied behind an obstacle lies and is therefore not directly targetable for the target distance measurement either a target point selected behind the effective range or (with regard to the targeted Obstacle) is a negative value for the trigger distance given. On the other hand, it can with the target object also by a relative to Command post move moving object, such as an enemy main battle tank since the Residual distance determined at least quasi-continuously and thus always the optimal ignition distance becomes. Switching to impact ignition is possible at any time and possible without delay by using the for Ignition triggering specified remaining distance at the command post set to zero or the distance measurement or the ignition command modulator is switched off.

Besonders vorteilhaft ist die erfindungsgemäße Fernsteuereinrichtung bei fernlenkbaren Projektilen einsetzbar, die ständigen Leitstrahl-Kontakt haben und über diesen unmittelbar auf ein vom Gefechtsstand her anvisiertes Zielobjekt gelenkt werden. Denn dann kann, wie in der DE-OS 41 37 843 näher beschrieben, der Leitstrahl zusätzlich zum Laserstrahl des Entfernungsmessers in das Hauptzielfernrohr eingekoppelt und so mit der optischen Zielbeobachtung harmonisiert werden. Während dieser nur selten und kurzzeitig eingeschaltete Entfernungsmesser die Zielentfernung liefert, kann die laufende Projektilentfernung über den Leitstrahl selbst bestimmt werden, indem die praktisch in Dauerstrichbetrieb arbeitende Lenkinformation von einer Impulsinformation zur Rückstrahl-Entfernungsmessung überlagert wird. Hierfür kann derselbe Laser-Resonator herangezogen werden, der auch den Leitstrahl liefert, indem dessen Wellenlänge kurzfristig verschoben und zusätzlich moduliert wird und die Impulsreflex-Laufzeiten oder Phasendifferenzen des frequenzveränderten Strahles frequenzselektiv zur Bestimmung der aktuellen Projektilentfernung empfangen werden.The one according to the invention is particularly advantageous Remote control device for remotely steerable projectiles can be used that have constant beacon contact and via this directly to one from the command post targeted target object. Because then, as described in DE-OS 41 37 843, the guide beam in addition to the laser beam from the rangefinder coupled into the main scope and so harmonized with the optical target observation will. During this only rarely and briefly switched on Rangefinder provides the target distance, can the ongoing projectile removal via the beacon be determined by the practical in Continuously operating steering information from one Pulse information for retroreflective distance measurement is superimposed. The same laser resonator can be used for this are used, which also delivers the beacon, by temporarily shifting its wavelength and additionally is modulated and the pulse reflex transit times or phase differences of the frequency-changed beam frequency selective for determining the current projectile distance be received.

Besonders zweckmäßig für die praktische Realisierung ist es, den Gefechtsstand eines Kampfpanzers mit an sein Hauptzielfernrohr angeschlossenem Laser-Zielentfernungsmesser zusätzlich um die Leitstrahl-Lenkeinrichtung mit Zündkommando-Modulator zu erweitern, so daß ein aus dem Rohr des Turmes verbrachtes, und danach seinen Raketenmotor startendes, aber nicht eigens mit einem Abstandszündsensor auszustattendes Projektil mittels der Leitstrahl-Fernsteuerung, ohne irgendwelche Tempiererfordernisse im Zuge des Ladevorganges, über große Entfernung präzise auf ein Zielobjekt lenkbar ist und aus der Messung der Restentfernung ebenso präzise in vorbestimmtem Abstand zum Zielobjekt gezündet wird. So kann über die Entfernungsdifferenzmessung der jeweilige Zündabstand optimal an unterschiedliche Gefechtsköpfe der gerade aus dem Rohr gestarteten Projektile angepaßt werden; wobei hinsichtlich der Projektil-Familie mit ihrem Gefechtskopf-Spektrum zur Vermeidung von Wiederholungen voll-inhaltlich auf die eigene heutige Parallel-Anmeldung "EP 95 104 882-6/EP-A-0 677 717. "Mittels eines Laser-Leitstrahles austeuerbares Projektil"" Bezug genommen wird.Particularly useful for practical implementation is to take on the command post of a main battle tank his main rifle scope connected laser rangefinder in addition to the beacon steering device extend with firing command modulator, so that one got out of the tube of the tower, and after that starting his rocket engine, but not with it a projectile to be equipped with a distance ignition sensor the beacon remote control without any Temperature requirements in the course of the loading process, about long distance can be precisely directed to a target object and from the measurement of the residual distance just as precisely is fired at a predetermined distance from the target object. So the respective distance measurement Firing distance optimal to different warheads the projectiles just launched from the pipe be adjusted; being regarding the projectile family with their warhead spectrum to avoid Repetitions in full content on your own today Parallel application "EP 95 104 882-6 / EP-A-0 677 717." Projectile which can be controlled by means of a laser guide beam "" is referred to.

Zusätzliche Alternativen und Weiterbildungen sowie weitere Merkmale und Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den weiteren Ansprüchen und, auch unter Berücksichtigung der Darlegungen in der nachgehefteten Zusammenfassung, aus nachstehender Beschreibung eines in der Zeichnung unter Beschränkung auf das Wesentliche stark abstrahiert und nicht maßstabsgerecht skizzierten bevorzugten Realisierungsbeispiels zur erfindungsgemäßen Fernsteuereinrichtung. Die einzige Figur der Zeichnung zeigt ein ferngesteuertes Lenkprojektil, an das bei definierter Annäherung an ein anvisiertes Zielobjekt über die Fernsteuerverbindung ein Zündbefehl übermittelt wird.Additional alternatives and further training as well as others Features and advantages of the invention result from the other claims and, also taking into account of the explanations in the stapled Summary, from the description below of a in the drawing limited to the essentials highly abstracted and not drawn to scale preferred implementation example for the invention Remote control device. The only figure the drawing shows a remotely controlled steering projectile, in the case of a defined approach to a targeted one Target object via the remote control connection an ignition command is transmitted.

Das in der Zeichnung symbolisch vereinfacht skizzierte Projektil 11 ist gegen ein Zielobjekt 12 gerichtet. Vorzugsweise handelt es sich um ein mit Eigenantrieb oder Nachbeschleuniger, insbesondere mit einem Raketenmotor, ausge-stattetes Projektil 11, weshalb mit einer konstanten oder auch nur verlaufsmäßig bekannten Projektilgeschwindigkeit nicht gerechnet werden kann. Das Projektil 11 ist - jedenfalls in der Endphase der Zielannäherung - in einem des Zielobjekt 12 anvisierenden Leitstrahl 13 steuerbar. Wie in der DE-OS 41 37 843 näher erläutert, ist der Leitstrahl 13 zweckmäßigerweise in den Spiegelkopf 14 des mit integriertem Laser-Zielentfernungsmesser 24 ausgestatteten Hauptzielfernrohres einer Waffenleitanlage, insbesondere für den Turm eines Kampfpanzers, eingekoppelt. Eine an das Hauptzielfernrohr adaptierte Lenkeinrichtung 15 enthält einen Laser-Resonator 16 und einen Modulator 17. Letzterer prägt z.B. gegeneinander abgegrenzte Bereiche in der Querschnittsfläche des vom Resonator 16 gelieferten Strahles 18 voneinander unterscheidbare Kennungen ein und macht diesen dadurch zum Leitstrahl 13, weil ein Laser-Empfänger 19 im Projektil 11 dadurch nach Maßgabe der momentanen Lage im Stahlquerschnitt eine Steuerungsinformation zum Rückführen des Projektils 11 in das Zentrum des Leitstrahles 13 liefern kann. Mittels eines Zoom 20 wird der Öffnungswinkel 21 des Leitstrahles 13 mit größerer Entfernung L1 vom Gefechtsstand 22 verkleinert, um am Orte des Empfängers 19 einen angenähert konstanten Querschnitt des Leitstrahles 13 und damit ein konstantes dynamisches Verhalten der Flugbahnkorrektur zu erzielen. Mittels einer Elevationssteuerung 23 kann der Leitstrahl 13 nach dem Start des Projektils 11 gegenüber der Sichtlinie zum Zielobjekt 12 angehoben werden, damit einerseits nicht die Annäherungsbewegung des Projektils 11 durch vielleicht nahe der Sichtlinie vor dem Zielobjekt 12 aufragende Hindernisse gestört und andererseits die aus direkter Anstrahlung resultierende Verratswahrscheinlichkeit am Orte des Zielobjekts 12 herabgesetzt wird; außerdem werden dadurch störende Bodenreflektionen vermieden. Erst in der Endphase der Zielannäherung wird dann für unmittelbaren Zielanflug der Leitstrahl 13 in die Sichtlinie zum Ziel 12 herabgeschwenkt. Dieser Zeitpunkt bestimmt sich im Gefechtsstand 22 nach Maßgabe der beim Start des Projektils 11 gemessenen Zielentfernung 42 und der grob bekannten Durchschnittsgeschwindigkeit des Projektils 11. Nun wird die aktuelle Zielentfernung 42 noch einmal gemessen und außerdem spätestens jetzt die laufende Messung der Projektilentfernung 41 aufgenommen.The symbolically simplified sketch in the drawing Projectile 11 is directed against a target object 12. It is preferably a self-propelled one or post-accelerator, especially with a rocket engine, equipped projectile 11, which is why with a constant or even known in terms of history Projectile speed cannot be calculated. Projectile 11 is - at least in the final phase of Approaching the target - in a target 12 Guide beam 13 controllable. As in the DE-OS 41 37 843 explained in more detail, the guide beam 13 is expedient in the mirror head 14 of the with integrated Laser rangefinder 24 equipped Main scope of a weapon guidance system, in particular for the turret of a main battle tank, coupled. A steering device adapted to the main scope 15 contains a laser resonator 16 and a modulator 17. The latter characterizes e.g. against each other defined areas in the cross-sectional area of the Resonator 16 delivered beam 18 from each other distinguishable identifiers and thereby makes them to the beacon 13 because a laser receiver 19 in the projectile 11 thereby in accordance with the current situation in Steel cross section a control information for return of the projectile 11 in the center of the beacon 13 can deliver. Using a zoom 20 Opening angle 21 of the guide beam 13 with a greater distance L1 reduced from command post 22 to place of the receiver 19 has an approximately constant cross section of the beacon 13 and thus a constant to achieve dynamic behavior of the trajectory correction. By means of an elevation control 23 Guide beam 13 after the start of the projectile 11 opposite the line of sight to the target object 12 is raised, so on the one hand not the approach movement of the Projectile 11 through maybe close to the line of sight the target object 12 disturbed obstacles and on the other hand, the result of direct illumination Probability of betrayal at the location of the target object 12 is reduced; it also becomes annoying Floor reflections avoided. Only in the final phase of the Approaching the destination is then for an immediate approach the guide beam 13 is pivoted down into the line of sight to the target 12. This time is determined in the command post 22 according to the one at the start of the projectile 11 measured target distance 42 and the roughly known Average projectile speed 11. Now the current target distance 42 is measured again and also now the current measurement at the latest the projectile distance 41.

Die Zielentfernung L2 vom Gefechtsstand 22 wird über den Spiegelkopf 14 mittels einer Laser-Entfernungsmesseinrichtung 24 beispielsweise im Wege der Refleximpulslaufzeit bestimmt, wofür der Gefechtsstand 22 vorzugsweise mit einem Nd-Yag-Laser ausgestattet ist. Eine zusätzliche Laserquelle zur Bestimmung der aktuellen Projektilentfernung L1 wird vermieden, wenn hierfür die aus dem Resonator 16 gelieferte Energie für den Leitstrahl 13 ausgenutzt wird. Für die Bestimmung der Projektilentfernung L1 wird den Modulationsfrequenzen des Laserlenkfeldes - nun über den gesamten Strahlquerschnitt - eine weitere Frequenzmodulation wesentlich kürzerer Wellenlänge (im MHz-Bereich) überlagert. Außerdem erfolgt eine Frequenzverschiebung des Stahles 18 mittels eines Abstimmelementes 25, bei dem es sich bevorzugt um eine Raman-Zelle handelt. Ein auf diese spezifische Frequenzmodulation zur Ermittlung der Projektilentfernung L1 abgestimmter Retroreflektor 26 am Heck des Projektils 11 führt in jeder Ablageposition innerhalb des Leitstrahles 13 und auch über große Distanzen mit hinreichendem Signal-Rausch-Abstand zu frequenzselektiver Anregung eines abgestimmten Empfängers 27 für eine weitere Entfernungsmesseinrichtung 28. Die so kontinuierlich oder periodisch gewonnene Projektilentfernung L1 kann auch als Steuergröße für den Zoom 20 dienen, um die Verringerung des Leitstrahl-Öffnungswinkel 21 nicht missionszeitabhängig sondern tatsächlich entfernungsabhängig zu machen und so bei der Strahlaufweitung etwa nichtreproduzierbare Geschwindigkeitsschwankungen des Projektils 11 zu berücksichtigen, die aus Unregelmäßigkeiten im Betrieb eines Raketenmotors resultieren können.The target distance L2 from command post 22 is about the mirror head 14 by means of a laser distance measuring device 24 for example by means of the reflex pulse transit time determines what command post 22 prefers is equipped with an Nd-Yag laser. An additional Laser source for determining the current projectile distance L1 is avoided if the energy supplied from the resonator 16 for the guide beam 13 is used. For the determination of the Projectile distance L1 becomes the modulation frequencies of the laser steering field - now over the entire beam cross-section - Another frequency modulation essential shorter wavelength (in the MHz range) superimposed. There is also a frequency shift of the steel 18 by means of a tuning element 25, which is is preferably a Raman cell. One on this specific frequency modulation to determine the projectile distance L1 matched retroreflector 26 am The rear of the projectile 11 leads in every storage position within the beacon 13 and also over large distances with sufficient signal-to-noise ratio too frequency-selective Suggestion of a coordinated recipient 27 for a further distance measuring device 28 projectile removal obtained continuously or periodically L1 can also be used as a control variable for the zoom 20 serve to reduce the beam opening angle 21 not depending on the mission time but actually to make it dependent on the distance and so for the beam expansion such as non-reproducible speed fluctuations of the projectile 11 to take into account the from irregularities in the operation of a rocket engine can result.

Ein Zündmodulator 29 liefert über den ständigen Projektilkontakt des Leitstrahles 13 ein Zündkommando 30, wenn ein Abstandsgeber 31 das Erreichen einer als Zündkriterium vorgegebenen Auslöseentfernung dL aus der Differenz der beiden aktuellen Entfernungen L2-L1 ermittelt. Mit Dekodierung dieses Zündkommandos 30 im Projektil-Empfänger 19 wird der Projektil-Gefechtskopf 32 im wirkoptimierten Abstand zum Zielobjekt 12 initiiert. Wenn dagegen im konkreten Einsatzfall der Gefechtskopf 32 einmal durch einen Aufschlagzünder 33 initiiert werden soll, braucht lediglich der Leitstrahl 13 in der Endphase der Projektilannäherung auf das Zielobjekt 12 gerichtet zu werden, ohne den Zündmodulator 29 anzusteuern, also beispielsweise bei auf Null zurückgesetztem Abstandsgeber 31; oder durch entsprechend geänderte Funktionsvorgabe vor dem Abschuß, etwa mittels eines Wahlschalters am Projektil.An ignition modulator 29 delivers the permanent Projectile contact of the beacon 13 an ignition command 30 if a distance sensor 31 reaching a than Ignition criterion given triggering distance dL from the Difference between the two current distances L2-L1 determined. With decoding of this firing command 30 in Projectile receiver 19 becomes the projectile warhead 32 initiated at an effective distance from the target object 12. If, on the other hand, the warhead is used in a specific application 32 once by an impact detonator 33 only the beacon needs to be initiated 13 in the final phase of projectile approach to the Target 12 to be aimed without the ignition modulator 29 to control, so for example at zero reset spacer 31; or by accordingly changed function specification before the launch, for example using a selector switch on the projectile.

Claims (9)

  1. Remote control device for detonating the warhead (32) of a projectile (11) using distance-measuring equipment (24, 28) for determining the projectile and target distances (L1, L2) from a gun position (22), in the case of which the distances [L1, L2) are compared with one another, as well as with a transmitting installation for delivering a detonate command (30),
    characterized in that
    the projectile (11) can be guided to the target object (12) by means of a laser guide beam [13) which is aimed at the target object (12) from the gun position and by way of which both the measurement of the projectile distance (L1) and the transmission of the detonate command (30) is also effected, the latter on actually reaching a given trigger distance (dL = L2 - L1) between target object (12) and projectile (11).
  2. Remote control device according to Claim 1,
    characterized in that
    laser distance-measuring equipment (24, 28) and a laser transmission of the detonate command (30) are provided.
  3. Remote control device according to Claim 2,
    characterized in that,
    in addition to laser distance-measuring equipment (24) for the sporadic determination of the target distance (L2), a guidance mechanism (15) For delivering a laser guide beam (13) by way of the same mirror head (14) is provided and the laser guide beam (13) undergoes a frequency shift for controlling the projectile distance-measuring equipment (28).
  4. Remote control device according to Claim 3,
    characterized in that
    a Raman tuning element (25) is provided for the distance-measuring frequency shift.
  5. Remote control device according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    a detonation modulator (29) is provided for the transmission of the detonate command (30) by way of the guide beam (13).
  6. Remote control device according to one or the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    the projectile (11) is fitted at the rear with a retroreflector (26) which is tuned to the frequency oF the guide beam (13) shifted for measuring the projectile distance.
  7. Remote control device according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that,
    in addition to the target distance-measuring equipment (24) and together with the guide beam guidance mechanism (15) complete with projectile distance-measuring equipment (28), it is coupled in the mirror head (14) of the gunner's primary sight in the gun-turret (22) of a battle tank, from whose gun barrel the projectile (11) can be launched.
  8. Remote control device according to one of Claims 3 to 7,
    characterized in that
    it has a guide beam elevation control (23) which after the launch of the projectile (11) first of all raises the guide beam (13) in relation to the line of sight to the target object (12) and only swings it down in the final closing-in phase of the projectile's movement towards the target object (12).
  9. Remote control device according to one oF the preceding claims,
    characterized in that,
    for providing the projectile (11) with a contact fuse (33), the detonation modulator (29) can be switched at the fire control centre (22) or at the projectile (11) so as to be inoperative.
EP95104881A 1994-04-13 1995-04-01 Remote control device for igniting the warhead of a projectile Expired - Lifetime EP0677719B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4412688A DE4412688C2 (en) 1994-04-13 1994-04-13 Remote control device for a beacon projectile
DE4412688 1994-04-13

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0677719A1 EP0677719A1 (en) 1995-10-18
EP0677719B1 true EP0677719B1 (en) 1998-10-14

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EP95104881A Expired - Lifetime EP0677719B1 (en) 1994-04-13 1995-04-01 Remote control device for igniting the warhead of a projectile

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DE (2) DE4412688C2 (en)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP5400780B2 (en) * 2007-09-21 2014-01-29 ラインメタル バッフェ ムニツィオン ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフツング Method and apparatus for optical programming of projectiles
DE102007061813B3 (en) * 2007-12-20 2009-01-29 Lkf-Lenkflugkörpersysteme Gmbh Method for controlled initiation of active body e.g. warhead for military combat practices, requires ignition device for determining position of active body relative to target

Family Cites Families (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3485461A (en) * 1968-04-26 1969-12-23 Us Army Firing control system for laser-guided projectiles
US3782667A (en) * 1972-07-25 1974-01-01 Us Army Beamrider missile guidance method
US3844217A (en) * 1972-09-28 1974-10-29 Gen Electric Controlled range fuze
GB1480508A (en) * 1974-09-06 1977-07-20 Ferranti Ltd Missile guidance systems
GB1524122A (en) * 1976-01-29 1978-09-06 Elliott Brothers London Ltd Guidance systems for mobile craft
GB1605301A (en) * 1976-10-08 1988-08-24 Secr Defence Brit Fuzing systems for projectiles
DE3004317A1 (en) * 1980-02-06 1981-08-13 Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm GmbH, 8000 München Firing system for anti-helicopter projectiles - takes target movement into account whilst missile is in flight, using flight path computer
DE3123339A1 (en) * 1981-06-12 1982-12-30 Wegmann & Co, 3500 Kassel Method for remote detonation of an explosive projectile, especially of an anti-helicopter projectile, and a device and projectile for carrying out the method
US4657208A (en) * 1985-06-10 1987-04-14 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Rotating warhead
DE4137843C2 (en) * 1991-11-16 2000-04-20 Diehl Stiftung & Co Weapon system with laser rangefinder integrated in the main rifle scope

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0677719A1 (en) 1995-10-18
DE59503896D1 (en) 1998-11-19
DE4412688C2 (en) 2000-10-05
DE4412688A1 (en) 1995-10-19

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