EP0669674B1 - Vorrichtung zur Tarnung von Antennen - Google Patents
Vorrichtung zur Tarnung von Antennen Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0669674B1 EP0669674B1 EP94119638A EP94119638A EP0669674B1 EP 0669674 B1 EP0669674 B1 EP 0669674B1 EP 94119638 A EP94119638 A EP 94119638A EP 94119638 A EP94119638 A EP 94119638A EP 0669674 B1 EP0669674 B1 EP 0669674B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- antenna
- polarisator
- microwaves
- layers
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q17/00—Devices for absorbing waves radiated from an antenna; Combinations of such devices with active antenna elements or systems
- H01Q17/007—Devices for absorbing waves radiated from an antenna; Combinations of such devices with active antenna elements or systems with means for controlling the absorption
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
- H01Q15/0013—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices working as frequency-selective reflecting surfaces, e.g. FSS, dichroic plates, surfaces being partly transmissive and reflective
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/14—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures
- H01Q15/148—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures with means for varying the reflecting properties
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/14—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures
- H01Q15/22—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures functioning also as polarisation filter
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a device for Antennae camouflaged against microwaves.
- Camouflage When camouflaging against radar of military equipment Antennas pose a particular problem.
- the conventional one Camouflage is using very narrow band frequency-selective layers only the useful signal frequency of the radio system belonging to the antenna reach the detector let, however, deflect all other frequencies and / or to absorb.
- the main reflector a parabolic antenna made from a broadband radar absorber be built, the outer surface of which on the Radio frequency-tuned frequency-selective reflective tape owns.
- the radome in frequency-selective manner, i.e. only for them Usable frequency transparent and for other frequencies be reflective.
- the present invention has for its object a Device for camouflaging antennas against the location by To create microwaves that have a significantly better camouflage enables, especially against impinging microwaves, whose frequencies differ only slightly from the frequencies distinguish the useful waves of the antenna.
- the Device from an electromagnetic non-reciprocal Component exists in the direction of incidence of the microwaves seen in front of the antenna.
- the non-reciprocal Component in the form of a distance in front of the Antenna arranged radome and contains one magneto-optical layer surrounded by a ring magnet and on both sides of one Polarizer layer is covered, which is a high Transparency for a given linear polarization direction have and a high absorption for the perpendicular Have directions of polarization, the two Polarization layers rotated by 45 ° to each other are arranged.
- the magneto-optical layer is advantageously a so-called Faraday lathe operator who enforces them electromagnetic, linearly polarized waves by 45 ° twisted and which consists of a ferrite and / or garnet.
- the polarizer layers advantageously consist of thin strips arranged parallel to one another Absorber.
- Each polarizer layer can be on the Faraday rotator facing surface with a quarter wavelength layer from a uniaxial anisotropic material for transformation circularly polarized waves into linearly polarized waves be provided.
- the magneto-optical layer directly on the incident microwave surface of the antenna is applied and when the two by 45 ° to each other twisted polarizer layers on the one hand Radomapertur and on the other on the subreflector or Exciter or detector are arranged.
- Electromagnetic by the use according to the invention The advantage of non-reciprocal layers is achieved that Radio signals in the range of the useful frequency to a certain one Time either only get from the outside to the antenna or can be radiated outwards from the antenna. Radio signals of different frequencies can be used in a known manner be distracted and / or absorbed, here too again frequency selective layers and broadband Radar absorbers can also be supportive.
- a detection by an opposing radar system which points to operates at almost the same frequency as the one to be camouflaged Antenna, is therefore quite well with conventional camouflage possible, but not when using the invention Contraption.
- Another advantage is that the Selectivity of a frequency selective layer for supplementary external frequency camouflage lower requirements subject to; it can affect the range of effectiveness of the non-reciprocal layer are weakened; at sufficient effective range of non-reciprocal Shift may not need to be supplemented by conventional camouflage measures.
- non-reciprocal appearances are here preferably understood magneto-optical effects on the reciprocity law formulated by Helmholtz for electromagnetic waves are based and which presuppose that there is an additional magnetic field (Bergmann / Schaefer “Textbook of Experimental Physics", volume III Optik (Walter de Gruyter-Verlag, Berlin). Other non-reciprocal Effects may also be useful.
- Fig. 1 denotes an antenna which has a Line 2 with a radio system, not shown connected is.
- 3 the level is in the radomaperture referred to, with an inventive according to this level Device for camouflaging the antenna 1 against the location is arranged by opposing microwaves.
- the Device consists of an electromagnetic non-reciprocal Component that is a non-reciprocal layer 4 has, which is arranged in level 3 of the Radomapertur is.
- the non-reciprocal layer 4 is of one Ring magnet 5 surrounding the necessary magnetic field in the aperture creates. It can be both electrical and Permanent magnets are used. Offer electromagnets the benefit of switching between Transparent states of the component.
- suitable Shaping can be a homogeneous field in the non-reciprocal field Layer 4 of the component can be achieved.
- a variation of the magnetic field over the Aperture may increase the effective Bandwidth can be exploited or prevented at opposite the aperture has a smaller cross-sectional area of the antenna Effectiveness reduction of the camouflage, since on the edge of Aperture penetrating waves of the locating radar not on the Hit the antenna and therefore not be reflected.
- the non-reciprocal layer 4 As material for the non-reciprocal layer 4, which under the influence of the magnetic field caused by the Ring magnet 5 is generated, the polarization plane twisted electromagnetic linearly polarized waves, a so-called Faraday lathe comes from ferrites and / or Grenades in question, as they are used in HF technology Directional lines are used. Layer 4 is designed for a 45 ° rotation for frequencies in here area of interest.
- this non-reciprocal layer There is 4 on both sides of this non-reciprocal layer a polarizer layer 6, 7 applied, each one high transparency for a given direction of polarization and a high absorption for the perpendicular Have direction of polarization.
- the two Polarizer layers 6, 7 are at 45 ° to each other twisted arranged.
- With 8 is also a holder for the ring magnet, the non-reciprocal layer and the called two polarizer layers.
- an electromagnet determines the direction of the applied magnetic field (inside or outside directed) the transparency state of the radome, i.e. the Send or receive transparency.
- the polarizer layers 6, 7 can advantageously be made of thin strips of an absorber arranged in parallel be built up, with the field shares parallel to the Stripes are absorbed, but perpendicular to them be transmitted.
- the antenna is also to transmit, the Direction of transparency are reversed, for which the cause of the the non-reciprocal effects (at magneto-optical effect the applied magnetic field) reversed Need to become.
- the electromagnetic wave of the locating radar not the radome penetrate.
- suitable anti-reflective coatings the radome as they are known from optics, penetrates the Wave into the radome and is absorbed there.
- the camouflaged antenna can transmit their signals with only a small amount Send out damping.
- Anti-reflective coatings on the radome are except for that Absorption of incident waves in the state of Transmission transparency also useful for increasing the Radome transparency for the transmitted ones Useful signals, as well as the reflection reduction in the state of Reception transparency.
- the antenna to be camouflaged is one Mirror antenna, e.g. a parabolic antenna 11, as in Fig. 2 is shown, so instead of the radome or in Combination with it part of the antenna itself is non-reciprocal be carried out.
- the non-reciprocal Layer 14 i.e. the Faraday lathe, in the form the antenna surface 19 applied to this.
- the two polarizer layers 16, 17 rotated relative to one another by 45 ° can in this case on the one hand on the Radomapertur whose Level in Fig. 2 is designated 13, and on the other the subreflector or exciter and / or detector 20 to be ordered.
- At 18 there is one again Bracket for the Radomapertur, with 15 a the non-reciprocal Layer surrounding ring magnet and with 12 one Connection to a radio system called.
- the useful signal remains with the device according to the invention the antenna to be camouflaged practically undisturbed when it is linearly polarized, the orientation of the Polarization layers 6, 7; 16, 17 and antenna 1 or 11 matched to the desired direction of polarization must become.
- the antenna 1 to be camouflaged circularly polarized waves receive or send, this can be done in that additionally on the two, facing away from the Faraday lathe 4 Outside of the polarizer layers 6, 7 one each so-called quarter-wave layer 9, 10 from uniaxial anisotropic material is applied.
- the additional layers 9, 10 transform circularly polarized waves into linear polarized waves and vice versa.
Description
- Fig. 1
- einen Schnitt durch ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel und
- Fig. 2
- einen Schnitt durch ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel.
Claims (6)
- Vorrichtung zur Tarnung von Antennen gegen die Ortung durch Mikrowellen, insbesondere durch Mikrowellen, deren Frequenzen sich nur geringfügig von den Frequenzen der Nutzwellen der zu tarnenden Antennen unterscheiden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie aus einem elektromagnetisch nicht reziproken Bauelement besteht, das in Einfallsrichtung der Mikrowellen gesehen, vor der Antenne angeordnet ist und das zwei um 45° zueinander verdrehte Polarisatorschichten aufweist.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das nicht-reziproke Bauelement die Form eines im Abstand vor der Antenne angeordneten Radoms aufweist und eine magnetooptische Schicht (4) enthalt, die von einem Ringmagneten (5) umgeben ist und die auf beiden Seiten von je einer Polarisatorschicht (6, 7) bedeckt ist, welche eine hohe Transparenz für eine gegebene lineare Polarisationsrichtung aufweist und eine hohe Absorption für die dazu senkrechte Polarisationsrichtung aufweist und daß die beiden Polarisatorschichten (6, 7) um 45° zueinander verdreht angeordnet sind.
- Vorrichtung nach Ansprüchen 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die magnetooptische Schicht ein sogenannter Faraday-Dreher ist, der die sie durchsetzenden elektromagnetischen, linear polarisierten Wellen um 45° verdreht und daß er aus einem Ferrit und/oder Granat besteht.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Polarisatorschichten (6, 7) aus parallel zueinander angeordneten dünnen Streifen eines Absorbers bestehen.
- Vorrichtung nach Ansprüchen 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jede Polarisatorschicht (6, 7) auf der dem Faraday-Dreher (4) abgewandten Oberfläche mit einer Viertelwellenlängenschicht (9,10) aus einem einachsig anisotropen Material zur Transformation zirkular polarisierter Wellen in linear polarisierte Wellen versehen ist.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß im Falle von Parabolantennen die magnetooptische Schicht (14) direkt auf der den einfallenden Mikrowellen zugewandten Oberfläche (19) der Antenne (11) aufgebracht ist und daß die beiden um 45° zueinander verdrehten Polarisatorschichten (16, 17) zum einen auf der Radomapertur und zum anderen auf dem Subreflektor bzw. Erreger oder Detektor (20) angeordnet sind.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE4405996 | 1994-02-24 | ||
DE4405996A DE4405996C2 (de) | 1994-02-24 | 1994-02-24 | Vorrichtung zur Tarnung von Antennen |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0669674A1 EP0669674A1 (de) | 1995-08-30 |
EP0669674B1 true EP0669674B1 (de) | 1999-02-24 |
Family
ID=6511109
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP94119638A Expired - Lifetime EP0669674B1 (de) | 1994-02-24 | 1994-12-13 | Vorrichtung zur Tarnung von Antennen |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0669674B1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE4405996C2 (de) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR3003700B1 (fr) * | 2013-03-19 | 2016-07-22 | Thales Sa | Dispositif de reduction de signature radar d'antenne et systeme antennaire associe |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3309704A (en) * | 1965-09-07 | 1967-03-14 | North American Aviation Inc | Tunable absorber |
GB1416343A (en) * | 1972-02-16 | 1975-12-03 | Secr Defence | Radomes |
DE3222035A1 (de) * | 1981-06-13 | 1983-03-24 | Teldix Gmbh, 6900 Heidelberg | Laser - drehgeschwindigkeitsmesser |
US5034750A (en) * | 1983-10-31 | 1991-07-23 | Raytheon Company | Pulse radar and components therefor |
GB8905904D0 (en) * | 1989-03-15 | 1989-04-26 | Cambridge Computer | Improvements in antenna polarizers |
DE3920110A1 (de) * | 1989-06-20 | 1991-02-07 | Dornier Luftfahrt | Elektromagnetisches fenster/radarabsorber |
SE505054C2 (sv) * | 1992-04-30 | 1997-06-16 | Celsiustech Electronics Ab | Skärmanordning samt radom innefattande skärmanordningen |
US5278562A (en) * | 1992-08-07 | 1994-01-11 | Hughes Missile Systems Company | Method and apparatus using photoresistive materials as switchable EMI barriers and shielding |
-
1994
- 1994-02-24 DE DE4405996A patent/DE4405996C2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-12-13 DE DE59407846T patent/DE59407846D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-12-13 EP EP94119638A patent/EP0669674B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE4405996C2 (de) | 1996-01-11 |
DE59407846D1 (de) | 1999-04-01 |
EP0669674A1 (de) | 1995-08-30 |
DE4405996A1 (de) | 1995-08-31 |
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