EP0664381B1 - Brennkraftmaschine mit einem Kühlmittelkreislauf - Google Patents
Brennkraftmaschine mit einem Kühlmittelkreislauf Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0664381B1 EP0664381B1 EP94118644A EP94118644A EP0664381B1 EP 0664381 B1 EP0664381 B1 EP 0664381B1 EP 94118644 A EP94118644 A EP 94118644A EP 94118644 A EP94118644 A EP 94118644A EP 0664381 B1 EP0664381 B1 EP 0664381B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- internal combustion
- combustion engine
- cooling medium
- coolant
- pump
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 53
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims description 4
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims description 64
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003044 adaptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02N19/00—Starting aids for combustion engines, not otherwise provided for
- F02N19/02—Aiding engine start by thermal means, e.g. using lighted wicks
- F02N19/04—Aiding engine start by thermal means, e.g. using lighted wicks by heating of fluids used in engines
- F02N19/10—Aiding engine start by thermal means, e.g. using lighted wicks by heating of fluids used in engines by heating of engine coolants
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01P5/00—Pumping cooling-air or liquid coolants
- F01P5/10—Pumping liquid coolant; Arrangements of coolant pumps
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01P7/00—Controlling of coolant flow
- F01P7/14—Controlling of coolant flow the coolant being liquid
- F01P7/16—Controlling of coolant flow the coolant being liquid by thermostatic control
- F01P7/162—Controlling of coolant flow the coolant being liquid by thermostatic control by cutting in and out of pumps
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01P5/00—Pumping cooling-air or liquid coolants
- F01P5/10—Pumping liquid coolant; Arrangements of coolant pumps
- F01P5/12—Pump-driving arrangements
- F01P2005/125—Driving auxiliary pumps electrically
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01P3/00—Liquid cooling
- F01P3/20—Cooling circuits not specific to a single part of engine or machine
Definitions
- the invention relates to an internal combustion engine with at least one Cooling circuit in which a by a coolant pump through at least the internal combustion engine and a heat exchanger conveyable coolant circulates that while the engine is at a standstill is heatable, the cooling water from one during standstill the coolant pump which can be driven by the internal combustion engine the coolant circuit can be promoted.
- Such an internal combustion engine is known from FR-A-1 085 207.
- This document discloses an internal combustion engine, the one has flanged gearbox on the crankshaft, which via a Flywheel is connectable to an auxiliary engine. This is in turn connected to a coolant pump via a coupling.
- a coolant pump For preheating the cooling water of the internal combustion engine now operated the auxiliary engine and this drives the coolant pump on. Then the cooling water from the coolant pump is initially promoted by the cooling water room Auxiliary internal combustion engine conveyed and only then in the individual cylinders the water jacket surrounding the cylinders of the internal combustion engine. From these, the cooling water becomes the coolant pump promoted back.
- the internal combustion engine is operated itself and accordingly the cooling water is heated to the extent that it is passed through the cooler 18, it is via a line to a Pumped back on the outlet side of the coolant pump. That is, during normal operation of the internal combustion engine, the Coolant pump in the delivery of the cooling water through the radiator no function and the whole connected to the crankshaft Auxiliary device, consisting of gear, flywheel, auxiliary engine and the coolant pump can usefully be switched off will. For pumping the cooling water during operation the internal combustion engine is therefore a further cooling water pump, not shown required.
- the still known DE-A-29 40 643 is a Internal combustion engine in which the oil of the internal combustion engine is preheated can be.
- This is a device that especially as an external system to the internal combustion engine Quick couplings can be connected or through the internal combustion engine itself or an additional electric motor can be driven. In any case, it is an adaptive system that is additionally connected to the internal combustion engine and actually Operation of the internal combustion engine has no function.
- the invention has for its object this generic To further develop the device in such a way that the lowest possible additional construction effort while heating the cooling water the shutdown of the internal combustion engine is possible.
- This object is achieved in that the coolant by the during the standstill of the internal combustion engine drivable coolant pump conveyable through the coolant circuit is.
- This embodiment of the invention has several findings underlying. At first it was found out in experiments that heating of the cooling water during the standstill of the Internal combustion engine to about 40 ° C compared to not heated Cooling water causes significantly improved exhaust gas quality, at the same time but also a better start of the internal combustion engine better and faster ignition of the combustion mixture enables and thereby a faster start up overall the operating point of the internal combustion engine can be reached. This is particularly so important for gas engine systems, for example in one Combined heat and power plants are used and where according to the requirement of electrical energy or heat, if possible must be provided immediately.
- Coolant pump uses a single pump, whereby this pump during the operation of the internal combustion engine the cooling water for cooling purposes and during standstill the internal combustion engine - as described - for heating purposes.
- the coolant pump is dependent operable from the coolant temperature. This can be done with simple Average the specified coolant temperature, for example in a range between 38 ° C and 40 ° C can be adjusted by for example, a temperature sensor in the coolant circuit is switched on over which the drive of the coolant pump on and is turned off. This is particularly useful when using the Internal combustion engine in combined heat and power plants the aforementioned electrical drive of the coolant pump.
- the delivery capacity of the coolant pump is a further development of the invention adjustable depending on the coolant temperature.
- the specified coolant temperature can be achieved with simple means for example, set from 40 ° C, for example a temperature sensor in the coolant circuit is turned on is used to regulate the drive of the coolant pump. Also this is particularly useful when using the internal combustion engine in Combined heat and power plants the aforementioned electric drive Coolant pump on.
- a throttle in the coolant circuit switchable In a development of the invention is at least during the standstill the internal combustion engine a throttle in the coolant circuit switchable.
- the restriction results from the restricted flow area an increased flow rate of the cooling water, which ultimately results from fluid friction in an increase in temperature of the coolant.
- the throttle has a variable one Throttle cross section. This can make an adjustment to the given requirements regarding an additional Coolant heating by changing the throttle cross section respectively.
- the throttle cross section changeable depending on the coolant temperature. This facility can interact with the scheme the coolant pump a favorable interaction of these two components be guaranteed with regard to heating the coolant.
- the figure shows a coolant circuit designed according to the invention Internal combustion engine, in particular as a gas engine system for combined heat and power plants is trained.
- the coolant circuit is arranged outside the internal combustion engine 1 Coolant pump 2, which is controlled by an electric motor 3 is.
- the coolant pump 2 conveys the coolant through a connecting line, in which a flexible connection 4a is installed, in the coolant circuit the internal combustion engine 1, which in turn drives a generator 5.
- the output from the coolant circuit of the internal combustion engine is in turn provided with a flexible connection 4b, and in the further course of External coolant line is an adjustable and lockable throttle 6 used.
- a branch line behind the throttle 6 provided, in which a vent valve 7 and a pressure relief valve 8 are switched on.
- the coolant continues through the main circuit a heat exchanger 9, from there back into the inlet of the coolant pump 2 to arrive. It is between the heat exchanger 9 and the Coolant pump 2, a further branch line is provided, into which an expansion tank 10 and a further pressure relief valve 11 are switched on.
- the coolant pump 2 By operating the coolant pump 2 during the When the internal combustion engine 1 is at a standstill, the coolant is heated to approximately 40 ° C. This preheating results in better starting behavior Internal combustion engine and the internal combustion engine 1 can with low exhaust gas emission values are brought up to their operating point more quickly. Another significant advantage is a significant reduction in wear the internal combustion engine.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Control Of Vehicle Engines Or Engines For Specific Uses (AREA)
- Lubrication Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
- Control Of Throttle Valves Provided In The Intake System Or In The Exhaust System (AREA)
Description
Claims (6)
- Brennkraftmaschine mit wenigstens einem Kühlmittel kreislauf, in dem ein von einer Kühlmittelpumpe (22) durch zumindest die Brennkraftmaschine (1) und einem Wärmetauscher (9) förderbares Kühlwasser zirkuliert, das während des Stillstands der Brennkraftmaschine (1) erhitzbar ist, wobei das Kühlwasser von einer während des Stillstandes der Brennkraftmaschine (1) antreibbaren Kühlmittelpumpe (2) durch den Kühlmittel kreislauf förderbar ist,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Kühlmittelpumpe von einem Elektromotor (3) antreibbar ist und daß die Kühlmittelpumpe (2) während des Betriebes der Brennkraftmaschine (1) das Kühlwasser zu Kühlzwecken fördert. - Brennkraftmaschine nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Kühlmittelpumpe (2) in Abhängigkeit von der Kühlmitteltemperatur betreibbar ist. - Brennkraftmaschine nach Anspruch 1 oder 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Förderleistung der Kühlmittelpumpe (2) in Abhängigkeit von der Kühlmitteltemperatur einstellbar ist. - Brennkraftmaschine nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine Drossel (6) in den Kühlmittelkreislauf einschaltbar ist. - Brennkraftmaschine nach Anspruch 4,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Drossel (6) einen veränderbaren Drosselquerschnitt aufweist. - Brennkraftmaschine nach einem der Ansprüche 4 oder 5,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Drosselquerschnitt in Abhängigkeit von der Kühlmitteltemperatur veränderbar ist.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE4344602A DE4344602A1 (de) | 1993-12-24 | 1993-12-24 | Brennkraftmaschine mit einem Kühlmittelkreislauf |
| DE4344602 | 1993-12-24 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0664381A1 EP0664381A1 (de) | 1995-07-26 |
| EP0664381B1 true EP0664381B1 (de) | 1998-09-09 |
Family
ID=6506314
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP94118644A Expired - Lifetime EP0664381B1 (de) | 1993-12-24 | 1994-11-26 | Brennkraftmaschine mit einem Kühlmittelkreislauf |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0664381B1 (de) |
| DE (2) | DE4344602A1 (de) |
| DK (1) | DK0664381T3 (de) |
| ES (1) | ES2120559T3 (de) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19916551A1 (de) * | 1999-04-13 | 2000-10-19 | Pierburg Ag | Kühlmitttelpumpe |
| CN104612877A (zh) * | 2014-11-28 | 2015-05-13 | 中联重科股份有限公司渭南分公司 | 一种车辆暖机控制设备、系统、方法及工程机械 |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR1085207A (fr) * | 1952-10-16 | 1955-01-28 | Dispositif pour la mise en marche des moteurs à combustion interne | |
| GB749023A (en) * | 1953-01-29 | 1956-05-16 | Thompson Prod Inc | Improvements in or relating to a combined heater and pump for fluids |
| GB834090A (en) * | 1957-09-27 | 1960-05-04 | Vickers Electrical Co Ltd | Improvements relating to cooling arrangements for internal combustion engines |
| DE2607343A1 (de) * | 1976-02-23 | 1977-08-25 | Moll Hans Heinrich | Motordrehzahlunabhaengiger antrieb von wasserpumpe und oelpumpe bei verbrennungsmotoren |
| DE2940643A1 (de) * | 1979-10-06 | 1981-04-16 | Klöckner-Humboldt-Deutz AG, 5000 Köln | Einrichtung zum an- bzw. aufheizen von maschinen |
| DE3005966A1 (de) * | 1980-02-16 | 1981-09-03 | Klöckner-Humboldt-Deutz AG, 5000 Köln | Einrichtung zum aufheizen von raumluft |
| DK147207C (da) * | 1981-10-29 | 1984-11-05 | Niels Thure Hallin | Koelesystem ved vaeskekoelet forbraendingsmotor |
| DE3151472A1 (de) * | 1981-12-24 | 1983-07-21 | Klöckner-Humboldt-Deutz AG, 5000 Köln | Einrichtung zum beheizen einer bedienungskabine |
| DE3341097A1 (de) * | 1983-11-12 | 1985-05-23 | Volkswagenwerk Ag, 3180 Wolfsburg | Brennkraftmaschine fuer fahrzeuge, insbesondere personenkraftfahrzeuge |
-
1993
- 1993-12-24 DE DE4344602A patent/DE4344602A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1994
- 1994-11-26 DK DK94118644T patent/DK0664381T3/da active
- 1994-11-26 DE DE59406882T patent/DE59406882D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-11-26 EP EP94118644A patent/EP0664381B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-11-26 ES ES94118644T patent/ES2120559T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0664381A1 (de) | 1995-07-26 |
| DE59406882D1 (de) | 1998-10-15 |
| DK0664381T3 (da) | 1999-06-07 |
| ES2120559T3 (es) | 1998-11-01 |
| DE4344602A1 (de) | 1995-06-29 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| EP1769144B1 (de) | Kühlsystem für ein fahrzeug | |
| DE10161851A1 (de) | Kühlkreislauf einer flüssigkeitsgekühlten Brennkraftmaschine | |
| DE102011078088A1 (de) | Kühlsystem | |
| DE2249203A1 (de) | Heizungsanlage | |
| WO2019154685A1 (de) | Elektrische antriebseinheit für ein kraftfahrzeug | |
| EP2565334B1 (de) | Baumaschine mit ölgekühltem Generator | |
| EP0903482B1 (de) | Vorrichtung zur Regelung des Kühlwasserkreislaufes für einen Verbrennungsmotor | |
| DE10319762A1 (de) | Kreislauf zur Kühlung von Ladeluft und Verfahren zum Betreiben eines derartigen Kreislaufs | |
| EP0664381B1 (de) | Brennkraftmaschine mit einem Kühlmittelkreislauf | |
| DE102011018959A1 (de) | Antriebseinrichtung für ein Kraftfahrzeug | |
| WO2010012563A1 (de) | Wärmemanagementmodul des kühlsystems einer verbrennungskraftmaschine | |
| DE3527020C2 (de) | ||
| DE102015212733A1 (de) | Kühlmittelkreislauf für flüssigkeitsgekühlte Getriebe | |
| EP0496085A1 (de) | Brennkraftmaschine mit zweistufiger Ladeluftkühlung | |
| DE10318711A1 (de) | Vorrichtung zum Antrieb der Kühlmittelpumpe einer Brennkraftmaschine | |
| DE102008039020A1 (de) | Vorrichtung zur kombinierten Erzeugung von Wärme und Energie in Form von Elektrizität | |
| DE2545665A1 (de) | Antriebsanlage | |
| EP1527916A1 (de) | Heizvorrichtung eines Kraftfahrzeuges mit Zusatzheizung | |
| EP1008471B1 (de) | Kühl- und Heizungskreislauf sowie Wärmetauscher für Kraftfahrzeuge mit zusätzlicher Kühlmittel-Heizeinrichtung | |
| DE102017221698B3 (de) | Antriebseinrichtung mit einem Kühlmittelkreislauf und einem Heizelement sowie Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Antriebseinrichtung | |
| DE102018124693A1 (de) | Verbrennungsmotor und Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Verbrennungsmotors | |
| DE4139886C2 (de) | Wärmeträgerkreislauf eines Fahrzeuges | |
| DE102012210880A1 (de) | Antriebsvorrichtung für ein Kraftfahrzeug | |
| DE102010053056A1 (de) | Heizeinrichtung zur Erwärmung eines Betriebsmediums eines Aggregats eines Kraftwagens | |
| DE19719487A1 (de) | Kraftfahrzeug mit einer motorunabhängigen, elektrisch betriebenen Heizvorrichtung |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
| AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): DE DK ES FR GB IT NL |
|
| 17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19950822 |
|
| 17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 19961205 |
|
| GRAG | Despatch of communication of intention to grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA |
|
| GRAG | Despatch of communication of intention to grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA |
|
| GRAH | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA |
|
| GRAH | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA |
|
| GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
| AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): DE DK ES FR GB IT NL |
|
| GBT | Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977) |
Effective date: 19980910 |
|
| REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 59406882 Country of ref document: DE Date of ref document: 19981015 |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: ES Ref legal event code: FG2A Ref document number: 2120559 Country of ref document: ES Kind code of ref document: T3 |
|
| ET | Fr: translation filed | ||
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DK Ref legal event code: T3 |
|
| PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
| 26N | No opposition filed | ||
| PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Payment date: 20011012 Year of fee payment: 8 |
|
| PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DK Payment date: 20011016 Year of fee payment: 8 |
|
| PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Payment date: 20011019 Year of fee payment: 8 |
|
| PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NL Payment date: 20011026 Year of fee payment: 8 |
|
| PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: ES Payment date: 20011113 Year of fee payment: 8 |
|
| PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Payment date: 20011220 Year of fee payment: 8 |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: IF02 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20021126 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: ES Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20021127 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DK Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20021231 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NL Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20030601 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20030603 |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DK Ref legal event code: EBP |
|
| GBPC | Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee | ||
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20030731 |
|
| NLV4 | Nl: lapsed or anulled due to non-payment of the annual fee |
Effective date: 20030601 |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: ST |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: ES Ref legal event code: FD2A Effective date: 20031213 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20051126 |