EP0660044B1 - Steuereinrichtung zur Betätigung von Schalteinrichtungen - Google Patents

Steuereinrichtung zur Betätigung von Schalteinrichtungen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0660044B1
EP0660044B1 EP93810910A EP93810910A EP0660044B1 EP 0660044 B1 EP0660044 B1 EP 0660044B1 EP 93810910 A EP93810910 A EP 93810910A EP 93810910 A EP93810910 A EP 93810910A EP 0660044 B1 EP0660044 B1 EP 0660044B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
voltage
state
logic device
control apparatus
switch devices
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP93810910A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0660044A1 (de
Inventor
Klaus Bott
Bernd Schukraft
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Electrowatt Technology Innovation AG
Original Assignee
Landis and Gyr Technology Innovation AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Landis and Gyr Technology Innovation AG filed Critical Landis and Gyr Technology Innovation AG
Priority to DE59302293T priority Critical patent/DE59302293D1/de
Priority to EP93810910A priority patent/EP0660044B1/de
Priority to JP6307212A priority patent/JPH07249360A/ja
Priority to US08/355,696 priority patent/US5497380A/en
Publication of EP0660044A1 publication Critical patent/EP0660044A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0660044B1 publication Critical patent/EP0660044B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/24—Preventing development of abnormal or undesired conditions, i.e. safety arrangements
    • F23N5/242—Preventing development of abnormal or undesired conditions, i.e. safety arrangements using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2223/00—Signal processing; Details thereof
    • F23N2223/08—Microprocessor; Microcomputer
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2223/00—Signal processing; Details thereof
    • F23N2223/20—Opto-coupler
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2227/00—Ignition or checking
    • F23N2227/12—Burner simulation or checking
    • F23N2227/16—Checking components, e.g. electronic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/16—Indicators for switching condition, e.g. "on" or "off"
    • H01H9/167—Circuits for remote indication

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a control device of the type mentioned in the preamble of claim 1.
  • Devices of this type are used, for example, for controlling and monitoring the burner and the ignition device for oil and gas fires and for monitoring switches for actuators such as fuel valves and ventilation flaps, with the microprocessor evaluating the information supplied via line voltage-carrying signal lines and issuing corresponding control commands.
  • the switch-off capability of the switching devices that switch safety-critical loads such as a fuel valve must be checked frequently in order to be able to detect a malfunction of the switching device before a dangerous situation arises.
  • a control device is known from US Pat. No. 4,974,179. Voltages of a burner or boiler to be monitored at relay contacts are transmitted to the inputs of multiplexers via signal lines and optocouplers.
  • the optocouplers are used for electrical isolation and for digitizing the voltage signals into binary values "0" or "1". The binary values are transmitted serially from the multiplexers to a microprocessor. An optocoupler is required for each voltage to be monitored.
  • a control device for oil burners in which information about the switching states of relay and sensor contacts is transferred to a microprocessor by means of an amplifier.
  • the switching states of the relay contacts are fed via signaling lines carrying line voltage to an amplifier which is connected on the output side to an input of the microprocessor, so that the microprocessor must have a number of inputs corresponding to the number of amplifiers.
  • Isolators such as e.g. are used for the electrical isolation of the signal lines and the microprocessor.
  • Optocoupler or transmitter used. There is one isolator per signal voltage.
  • the microprocessor is programmed to perform a number of tests to determine whether a system with switched consumers is actually going through a switch-on phase in the correct way. For this purpose, signals are read in by the microprocessor and compared with setpoints. In the event of a faulty consumer status, the microprocessor switches the consumers off.
  • mains voltage-carrying signal lines are connected via optocouplers to an interrogation unit of an AC voltage detector.
  • the reporting lines are each connected to the optocoupler via a low-pass filter, which consists of a resistor and a capacitor connected in series with it.
  • the switching states of the AC switches are queried and saved via the signal lines.
  • the switching states are compared with a target state - open or closed - and then a switch state signal is formed, which contains at least one piece of information - error or no error - in total for all AC switches that occur. It cannot be determined from the switch status signal which AC switch can no longer be switched off, so that a simple display for diagnosis is not possible.
  • DE-OS 38 01 952 a device for monitoring a reference voltage is known, in which several analog signals are fed to a microprocessor via a multiplexer and an A / D converter. Electrical isolation is not provided.
  • Optocouplers for example, are used as isolators for the electrical isolation of the monitored system from the microprocessor.
  • the optocouplers have the disadvantage that they are not fail-safe and have a higher failure rate compared to other electronic components, so that they have to be checked for a signal pretense even in an active operating state in safety-critical applications.
  • the electromagnetic compatibility and thus the reliability of the control device decrease with an increasing number of optocouplers. Systems with many signal lines carrying mains voltage can incur high costs as long as an expensive isolating element such as an optocoupler or transmitter and an input pin on the microprocessor must be available per signal line.
  • the invention has for its object to design a control device with a control logic device according to the preamble of claim 1 such that it detects the information in the form of low-voltage signals about the state of switching devices that switch loads on or off in a simple and reliable manner , processed and transmitted to the control logic device.
  • FIG. 1 shows a control device with a timer and control logic device 1 in the form of a microprocessor. It also contains two switching devices 2.1 and 2.2, two coupling elements 3.1 and 3.2 and a circuit block 4.
  • the output of the first switching device 2.1 which switches a load L1 to a mains voltage U PG lying between a phase P and a zero point G, is at the input of the first coupling element 3.1 connected, while the output of the second switching device 2.2, via which a further load L2 is fed by the mains voltage U PG , is connected to the input of the second coupling element 3.2.
  • the outputs of the coupling elements 3.1 and 3.2 are connected to inputs 4.1 and 4.2 of the circuit block 4 arranged in parallel, so that the low-voltage signals V 1 and V 2, which are applied to the taps between the switching devices 2.1 and 2.2 and the loads L1 and L2, respectively the coupling elements 3.1 or 3.2, which represent a signal line ML1 or ML2, are transmitted to the circuit block 4 for processing.
  • the circuit block 4 is connected to the zero point line G via a line 4a.
  • the circuit block 4 is connected to the microprocessor 1 via two control lines 5a and 5b and a serial output DA and a serial data line 6 for transmitting the voltage levels U 1 and U 2 at the inputs 4.1 and 4.2.
  • the microprocessor 1 is programmed by a time program to switch the loads L1 and L2 on and off in a specific sequence during the switch-on phase, for example of a gas burner, by means of the switching devices 2.1 and 2.2 and to carry out various processes such as e.g. monitor the formation of a flame and, if necessary, switch off the entire system so that the gas burner is never in a potentially explosive situation.
  • the microprocessor 1 also executes a monitoring program for the detection of faulty states of the system to be controlled. In order to determine the state of one of the switching devices 2.1 or 2.2 - open or closed - the microprocessor 1 executes a test cycle which will be explained later.
  • test cycles The frequency of the test cycles depends on the intended use of the control device and the corresponding legal regulations or standards. Automatic burner controls that comply with the EN 298 standard must detect a fault within three seconds of their occurrence. A test cycle is therefore typically every 200 milliseconds. In this way it is possible to reliably detect the state of each of the switching devices 2.1 and 2.2 within the prescribed three seconds even if the state of one of the switching devices 2.1 or 2.2 is currently changing during a test cycle.
  • the coupling elements 3.1 and 3.2 are used in a manner known per se to rectify and limit the low-voltage signals V 1 and V 2 to the processable input level of the circuit block 4 and to derive overvoltages to the zero point potential G to prevent the circuit block 4 from being destroyed by voltage or current pulses, for which they are connected to the zero point line G in a manner not shown.
  • a signal voltage U 1 is thus present at the input 4.1, the shape and / or level of which differ significantly from the DC voltage U 2 present at the input 4.2 with the zero point level G.
  • the test cycle for determining the state of the switching devices 2.1 and 2.2 now consists in that the microprocessor 1 at a suitable point in time the signal voltages U 1 and U 2 at the inputs 4.1 and 4.2 of the circuit block 4 corresponding to a predetermined voltage level as binary numbers "0" or "1 "Capture in parallel and then transmitted via the serial output DA of the circuit block 4 and the serial data line 6 itself.
  • a number "0" corresponds to an open state
  • a number "1” corresponds to a closed state.
  • the control device described enables the use of a control logic device 1, in particular a microprocessor, with a number of inputs which can be substantially smaller than the number m of loads L1 to Lm, the associated switching devices 2.1 to 2.m of which must be monitored for their contact position.
  • a control logic device 1 in which the control logic device 1 must be galvanically separated from the mains voltage U PG for reasons of safety, there are further advantages with regard to reliability, electromagnetic compatibility and costs in that the control logic device 1 with only a few galvanic isolating elements from the circuit block 4 and can thus also be separated from the mains voltage U PG , so that the number of galvanic isolators can also be significantly smaller than the number m.
  • Such a device can also be used as a signaling device for querying the position of switch contacts and displaying them in process systems.
  • a microcontroller instead of the microprocessor 1, a microcontroller, a customer-specific circuit (application-specific integrated circuit, ASIC) or a programmable logic (programmable area logic, PAL) can also be used as the control logic device.
  • the control device is suitable for operation in a DC voltage as well as in a AC network, whereby the mains voltage U PG can also be in the low voltage range with a typical value of 24 V.
  • the control device has a circuit block 4, which consists of two shift registers 7.1 and 7.2 and a synchronization device 8. For the sake of clarity, only the switching devices 2.1 and 2.2 and the coupling elements 3.1, 3.2, 3.8, 3.9 and 3.16 are drawn.
  • the shift registers 7.1 and 7.2 have eight parallel inputs 4.1 to 4.8 or 4.9 to 4.16 as well as a serial data input DE and a serial data output DA.
  • optocouplers 9, 10 and 11 are arranged, which serve for the galvanic isolation between the microprocessor 1 and the circuit block 4 which is subject to mains voltage.
  • the optocouplers 9 and 10 are followed by a NAND gate 9a and 10a for level reversal.
  • MM74HC165 modules can be used as shift registers 7.1 and 7.2, which have a clock input CL, a clock inhibit input INH and a shift / load input SH / LD to control data acquisition and data output. The procedure is described in "MM74HC / 74HC High-Speed CMOS Family Databooklet, National Semiconductor Corporation, 1981".
  • the synchronization device 8 has two inputs 8a and 8b and one output 8c.
  • the input 8a is connected to the output of the NAND gate 9a and the control input INH of the shift registers 7.1 and 7.2.
  • the mains voltage U PG is present at input 8b.
  • the output 8c is connected to the input SH / LD of the two shift registers 7.1 and 7.2.
  • the control line 5b is connected to the input CL of the shift register 7.1 and 7.2.
  • the serial output DA of the second shift register 7.2 is connected to the serial input DE of the first shift register 7.1, so that a cascade connection results.
  • the switching device 2.1 is in the closed state, so that a sinusoidal AC voltage is present at the input of the coupling element 3.1 as a low-voltage signal V 1.
  • the coupling elements 3.1 to 3.16 are designed in a manner known per se as a network of resistors, capacitors, diodes and a Z-diode such that a one-way rectified square wave voltage U 1 appears at the output of the coupling element 3.1 with a level with respect to the zero point G of a few volts, eg 5.7 V.
  • the switching device 2.2 is in the open state, so that a DC voltage is present at the input of the coupling element 3.2 as a low-voltage signal V2 its output appears as DC voltage U2 with the zero point level G.
  • the synchronizing device 8 has behind its input 8b a coupling element 8d, which is constructed similarly to the coupling elements 3.1 to 3.16, so that a pulsating square-wave voltage U R appears at the output of the coupling element 8d, the phase of which coincides with the square-wave voltage U 1 at the input 4.1 of the shift register 7.1 is coordinated.
  • the output of the coupling element 8d is connected to one input of a NAND element 8e, the control line 5a via the input 8a to the other input of the NAND element 8e.
  • the output of the NAND element 8e forms the output 8c of the synchronization device 8.
  • the inputs of the NAND elements 9a, 10a and 8e are advantageously provided with Schmitt trigger stages in order to obtain a well-defined switching behavior.
  • control lines 5a and 5b at the output of the microprocessor 1 are at a low potential, so that the optocouplers 9 and 10 are in the dark state, while the control lines 5a and 5b after the NAND elements 9a and 10a due to the Level reversal has a high potential.
  • a state is thus high at the INH input, while a pulsating square-wave voltage U SH / LD appears at the input SH / LD, which is complementary to the square-wave voltage U R.
  • the switching device 2.2 Since the switching device 2.2 is open, the voltage U2 is detected according to a logic low potential as a state value "0". In this way, the parallel loading of the shift registers 7.1 and 7.2 always takes place at a point in time when a voltage level of a few volts when one of the switching devices is closed and a voltage level of zero volts with respect to the zero point level G at the inputs 4.1 to when the switching device is open 4.16 concerns.
  • the constant data acquisition has the advantage that the current states of the switching devices 2.1 to 2.16 are present at all times in the shift registers 7.1 and 7.2.
  • the microprocessor 1 To read out the status values from the shift registers 7.1 and 7.2, the microprocessor 1 sets the control line 5a to a high potential, which means that a high potential is also present at the SH / LD inputs. The data acquisition of shift registers 7.1 and 7.2 is thus blocked. With each shift pulse subsequently sent by the microprocessor 1 via the control line 5b, the detected state values are shifted by one place in the direction of the output DA of the shift registers 7.1 and 7.2. One at the DA output second shift register 7.2 appearing value is thus transmitted via the connecting line to the serial input DE of the first shift register 7.1, a value appearing at the output DA of the first shift register 7.1 is transmitted to the microprocessor 1 via the serial data line 6 and the optocoupler 11.
  • the state value of the switching device 2.1 arrives after the first shift command, after the second shift command the state value of the switching device 2.2, etc., until after the 16th shift command, the state value of the switching device 2.16 arrives.
  • the test cycle to be carried out by the microprocessor 1 to detect the state of the switching devices 2.1 to 2.16 thus consists of the control commands required to block the data acquisition and to read out the shift registers 7.1 and 7.2.
  • the circuit structure with the shift register 7.1 and 7.2 offers the advantage that commercially available standard elements are used, with which the control device can be easily expanded to a cascaded circuit for any number of switching devices.
  • the use of the synchronizing device 8 allows a simple design of the coupling elements 3.1 to 3.16, which only have to supply a one-way rectified square wave voltage at their output.
  • the memory requirement for programming the test cycle is low, since the test cycle mainly consists of shift commands.
  • the synchronization device 8 is a hardware means to ensure that the information contained in the signal voltages U1 to U16 about the state of the switching devices 2.1 to 2.16 is correctly detected. This information could also be obtained in software by multiple queries within a period of one to two network half-waves and an analysis of the values recorded one after the other, so that a synchronization device 8 would not be required.
  • Such exemplary embodiments are described in the patent application EP 660 043, which was filed in parallel with the European Patent Office, "Control device for actuating switching devices according to a time program", the text of which is an integral part of this application.
  • An input coupling error occurs, for example, when the at the input 4.2 read state value not only from the voltage level at input 4.2, but also from that at another input, e.g. 4.5, the applied voltage level depends.
  • the test module 12 has a serial data input, a clock input and one the state of its outputs 12.1 to 12.8 controlling input, which are connected via lines 13, 14 and 15 to the microprocessor 1.
  • Parallel outputs 12.1 to 12.8 are connected via lines 16.1 to 16.8 to the corresponding inputs 4.1 to 4.8 of the shift register 7.
  • the outputs 12.1 to 12.8 can be switched into a state known to the specialist under the term tristate, in which they are high-resistance and do not influence the state of the lines 16.1 to 16.8 (e.g. U. Tietze and Ch. Schenk, semiconductor circuit technology, 5th edition, Springer Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York, ISBN 3-540-09848-8).
  • the inputs 4.1 to 4.8 of the shift register 7 are also connected to the outputs of the coupling elements 3.1 to 3.8, only the coupling element 3.1 being drawn for the sake of clarity. Both the test module 12 and the shift register 7 are connected to the zero point line G.
  • the microprocessor 1 In normal operation, the outputs 12.1 to 12.8 of the test module 12 are in the tristate state and do not influence the voltages U1 to U8 at the inputs 4.1 to 4.8.
  • the microprocessor 1 carries out a test cycle at certain times.
  • the test cycle consists in the microprocessor 1 sending a test pattern, which consists of eight binary values "0" or "1", to the test module 12 via the serial line 13.
  • these values are available as high or low potentials at the outputs 12.1 to 12.8 as soon as the microprocessor 1 sets the outputs 12.1 to 12.8 in the conductive state via the control line 15, so that voltage levels U 1 to U 4 with potential values high or low according to the previously sent test pattern at inputs 4.1 to 4.8 of shift register 7.
  • the microprocessor 1 now sends further commands to the shift register 7 for detecting the voltage levels U 1 to U 4 present at its inputs 4.1 to 4.8 as binary values and for transmission to it, whereupon it compares the reported binary values with the sent test pattern.
  • the microprocessor 1 is programmed to send a number of selected test patterns to the test module 12 and to read them in again via the shift register 7, so that both input coupling errors and hardware errors can be identified. If necessary, the control lines 13, 14 and 15 can be provided with galvanic isolators.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Control Of Voltage And Current In General (AREA)
  • Test And Diagnosis Of Digital Computers (AREA)
  • Safety Devices In Control Systems (AREA)
  • Electronic Switches (AREA)
EP93810910A 1993-12-24 1993-12-24 Steuereinrichtung zur Betätigung von Schalteinrichtungen Expired - Lifetime EP0660044B1 (de)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE59302293T DE59302293D1 (de) 1993-12-24 1993-12-24 Steuereinrichtung zur Betätigung von Schalteinrichtungen
EP93810910A EP0660044B1 (de) 1993-12-24 1993-12-24 Steuereinrichtung zur Betätigung von Schalteinrichtungen
JP6307212A JPH07249360A (ja) 1993-12-24 1994-12-12 スイッチング装置を操作するための制御装置
US08/355,696 US5497380A (en) 1993-12-24 1994-12-14 Control device for the actuation of switchgears

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP93810910A EP0660044B1 (de) 1993-12-24 1993-12-24 Steuereinrichtung zur Betätigung von Schalteinrichtungen

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0660044A1 EP0660044A1 (de) 1995-06-28
EP0660044B1 true EP0660044B1 (de) 1996-04-17

Family

ID=8215102

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP93810910A Expired - Lifetime EP0660044B1 (de) 1993-12-24 1993-12-24 Steuereinrichtung zur Betätigung von Schalteinrichtungen

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US5497380A (ja)
EP (1) EP0660044B1 (ja)
JP (1) JPH07249360A (ja)
DE (1) DE59302293D1 (ja)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0660043B1 (de) * 1993-12-24 1995-07-05 Landis & Gyr Technology Innovation AG Steuereinrichtung zur Betätigung von Schalteinrichtungen nach einem Zeitprogramm
EP0920038A1 (de) 1997-11-25 1999-06-02 Electrowatt Technology Innovation AG Schaltung zur Überwachung eines Wechselstromschalters
FR2807194B1 (fr) * 2000-03-31 2002-05-31 Alstom Circuit electrique pour la transmission d'une information d'etat, notamment d'un organe de materiel ferroviaire roulant, et systeme electrique incorporant un tel circuit
DE10246854A1 (de) * 2002-10-08 2004-04-29 Enginion Ag Feuerungsautomat
US7424348B2 (en) * 2004-06-28 2008-09-09 Micrel, Incorporated System and method for monitoring serially-connected devices

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4303383A (en) * 1979-11-09 1981-12-01 Honeywell Inc. Condition control system with safety feedback means
US4298334A (en) * 1979-11-26 1981-11-03 Honeywell Inc. Dynamically checked safety load switching circuit
DE3801952C2 (de) * 1988-01-23 2000-05-11 Mannesmann Vdo Ag Elektronische Verarbeitungseinheit für Analogsignale mit einer Überwachungseinrichtung für eine Referenzspannung
US4974179A (en) * 1989-01-27 1990-11-27 Honeywell Inc. Method and apparatus for preventing race conditions in a control system
US5086403A (en) * 1990-03-09 1992-02-04 Emerson Electric Co. Liquid leak test probe with compensation for gas in line
CH682608A5 (de) * 1991-10-28 1993-10-15 Landis & Gyr Business Support Anordnung zur Ueberwachung von Wechselstromschaltern.

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US5497380A (en) 1996-03-05
DE59302293D1 (de) 1996-05-23
JPH07249360A (ja) 1995-09-26
EP0660044A1 (de) 1995-06-28

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