EP0659574B1 - Drucker - Google Patents

Drucker Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0659574B1
EP0659574B1 EP19940309820 EP94309820A EP0659574B1 EP 0659574 B1 EP0659574 B1 EP 0659574B1 EP 19940309820 EP19940309820 EP 19940309820 EP 94309820 A EP94309820 A EP 94309820A EP 0659574 B1 EP0659574 B1 EP 0659574B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
print head
platen
side walls
guide groove
printer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP19940309820
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0659574A3 (de
EP0659574A2 (de
Inventor
Hideki C/O Seiko Instruments Inc. Onuki
Katsuari C/O Seiko Instruments Inc. Sato
Satoru C/O Seiko Instruments Inc. Konuma
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Seiko Instruments Inc
Original Assignee
Seiko Instruments Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Seiko Instruments Inc filed Critical Seiko Instruments Inc
Publication of EP0659574A2 publication Critical patent/EP0659574A2/de
Publication of EP0659574A3 publication Critical patent/EP0659574A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0659574B1 publication Critical patent/EP0659574B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J11/00—Devices or arrangements  of selective printing mechanisms, e.g. ink-jet printers or thermal printers, for supporting or handling copy material in sheet or web form
    • B41J11/20—Platen adjustments for varying the strength of impression, for a varying number of papers, for wear or for alignment, or for print gap adjustment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J25/00—Actions or mechanisms not otherwise provided for
    • B41J25/304—Bodily-movable mechanisms for print heads or carriages movable towards or from paper surface

Definitions

  • the present invention generally relates to a printer. More particularly, but not exclusively, the present invention is directed to an easily assembled/replaceable print head employed in a printer such as a line printer, and to an improved means for moving the print head relative to a platen in the printer.
  • Document EP-A-463595 discloses a printer comprising a frame having two spaced apart side walls; a platen pivotally journalled between said both side walls in which are provide guide grooves; and a print head assembled between both of said side walls and positionable in pressure contact with said platen.
  • a compact line printer is assembled by employing a frame having a pair of side walls which are spaced apart from each other.
  • the platen is pivotally journalled on both the side walls.
  • the print head such as a thermal head or the like, used to print out recording data received from an external source on recording paper is provided in pressure contact with the platen in between both the side walls.
  • the head-up lever is mounted on one of side walls to move the print head in order to release the pressure contact with the platen. Printing is performed on the recording paper which is supplied between the platen and the print head under the pressure contact condition. The recording paper may be replaced after printing by releasing the pressure contact.
  • the head-up lever is pivotally operated so as to release the pressure contact of the print head against the platen.
  • a conventional head-up lever is journalled to the pin extending from one of the side walls of the frame.
  • the pin must be fixed to the side wall of the frame in order to mount the head-up lever.
  • the print head is constructed so that it is mounted on a shaft extending between the pair of side walls of the frame.
  • assembling the printer is complex and the replacement of the print head cannot be easily performed during a repair operation.
  • the present invention has been made in an attempt to solve the above-described drawbacks of the conventional line printer, and in one aspect has an object to reduce the total number of components or parts provided around the print head of a line printer. Another object of an aspect of the present invention is to provide means to easily mount/dismount the print head on/from the frame, and also to readily replace this print head. Furthermore, an object of an aspect of the present invention is to increase the positioning precision of the print head with respect to the platen to avoid eccentric abutting.
  • a printer comprising a frame having two spaced apart side walls; a platen pivotally journalled between said both side walls in which are provided guide grooves; and a print head assembled between both of said side walls and positionable in pressure contact with said platen; characterised in that a first guide groove is formed in at least one of said side walls of the frame, and a second guide groove is formed in said at least one of said side walls of the frame; and a first pin detachably engaged with said first guide groove and a second pin detachably engaged with said second guide groove are located on edge portions of said print head.
  • a printer comprising a frame having two spaced apart side walls in which are provided guided grooves; a platen having a rotation shaft pivotally journalled to both of said side walls; a print head interposed between said side walls and positionable in pressure contact with said platen; and a head-up lever for releasing said print head from pressure contact with said platen; characterised in that said head-up lever is pivotally engaged with the rotation shaft of said platen; a first guide groove is formed in at least one of said side walls of the frame; a second guide groove is formed in said at least one of said side walls of the frame; a first pin detachably engaged with said first guide groove and a second pin detachably engaged with said second guide groove are located on edge portions of said print head; and a plate is detachably engaged with at least one of said walls to support said print head.
  • Figure 1A is a plan view representing a line printer according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 1B is a side view for showing the line printer, viewed from the direction of arrow "I" in Figure 1A.
  • the line printer is equipped with a frame 1, a platen 2, a print head 3 and a head-up lever 4. Additionally, a motor 5 and a wheel gear 6 are provided with this line printer.
  • the frame 1 has a pair of side walls 7 and 8 which are positioned spaced apart from each other and running in a direction perpendicular to the platen 2.
  • the platen 2 has a rotation shaft 9 rotatably supported by both of the side walls 7 and 8.
  • the print head 3 is interposed between both of the side walls 7 and 8, and is provided in pressure contact with the platen 2.
  • the head-up lever 4 is mounted on one of side walls 7 to act on the print head 3, so that the pressure contact with the platen 2 is released.
  • the above-described platen 2 is connected via the wheel gear 6 assembled in the other side wall 8 to the motor 5.
  • the platen 2 is rotated by driving the motor 5, so that the recording paper (not shown) fed along a guide surface 10 of the frame 1 is supplied to the side of the print head 3.
  • the print head 3 performs the printing operation under such a condition that the print head 3 is in pressure contact to the platen 2, so that the input data is printed out on the surface of the fed recording paper.
  • the head-up lever 4 is rotatably engaged with the rotation shaft 9 of the platen 2. That is, the rotation shaft 9 of the platen 2 is utilized as a fulcrum of the head-up lever 4, whereby the total number of printer components can be reduced. Furthermore, the head-up lever 4 has a cylindrical projection 11 fitted to the side wall 7 of the frame 1, and thus this projection 11 functions as a bearing with respect to the rotation axis 9 of the platen 2. As a consequence, the total number of printer components may be further reduced.
  • the print head 3 is detachably mounted on both of the side walls 7 and 8 of the frame 1, and further is in pressure contact with the platen 2 in parallel therewith. Furthermore, a rear plate 12 is detachably engaged with both of the side walls 7 and 8, so that the printer head 3 is held and fixed.
  • the print head 3 is integrally equipped with an elastic member 13 abutting the rear plate 12. The print head 3 is moved into pressure contact with the platen 2 in parallel therewith upon receipt of the energizing force of this elastic member 13.
  • the elastic member 13 is made of a compression coil spring 14, and is mounted on a pin 15 located at a point half way along the length of the print head. A head portion of the pin 15 projects through a notch 16 formed in the rear plate 12. It should be noted that there is provided a lock lever 17 between the above-described notch 16 and compression coil spring 14.
  • the print head 3 In response to the energizing force exerted from the elastic member 13, having the above-described structure, to the print head 3, the print head 3 is in pressure contact with the platen 2 and parallel thereto.
  • the print head 3 may follow any inclination of the platen 2, so that a so-called "floating effect” may occur to avoid eccentric abutting of the print head 3 and platen 2.
  • the lock lever 17 Since the lock lever 17 is pivoted with respect to the rear plate 12 while the pin 15 for supporting the elastic member 13 is employed as a rotation centre, and thus is positioned between the frame 1 and the rear plate 12, it is possible to prevent the rear plate 12 from being released. Also, when the lock lever is pivoted to the locking release position, the rear plate 12 can be dismounted, or removed. As a result, the print head can be dismounted, or removed from the frame.
  • first guide groove 18 located near the platen 2 and a second guide groove 19 located further away from the platen 2.
  • Both a first pin 20 detachably engaged with the first guide groove 18 and a second pin 21 detachably engaged with the second guide groove 19 are integrally formed on the edge portion of the print head 3.
  • a first guide groove and a second guide groove are similarly formed on the other side wall 8 and a first pin and a second pin are integrally formed on another edge portion of the print head, and these first and second pins are detachably engaged with the corresponding first guide groove and second guide groove.
  • the print head 3 is positioned in relation to the platen by engaging the first guide groove 18 with the first pin 20 and the second guide groove 19 with the second pin 21.
  • the second pin 21 of the print head 3 is floatingly-journalled by way of the second guide groove 19, and thus functions as a free fulcrum when the pressure contact of the print head 3 against the platen is released; in other words, play is provided between them.
  • the head-up lever 4 is pivotally journalled with respect to the rotation shaft 9 of the platen. Under the condition shown in the drawing, the head-up lever 4 abuts against a stopper 22, and therefore is located at the home position. At this time, a cam surface 23 of the head-up lever 4 is separated from the first pin 20, and the print head 3 is under the pressure contact condition. As previously explained, the cylindrical projection 11 integrally formed on the head-up lever 4 is engaged with the side wall 7, and thus functions as a bearing with regard to the rotation shaft 9 of the platen.
  • U-shaped notches 24 and 25 are formed on both an upper and a lower edge portion of the rear plate 12.
  • projections 26 and 27 are formed on the side wall 7 of the frame.
  • the rear plate 12 is detachably engaged with a pair of projections 26 and 27 formed on the frame 7 by way of the pair of upper/lower notches 24 and 25.
  • the lock lever 17 is pivoted up to such a position that the lock lever 17 is dismounted from the space defined between the rear plate 12 and the frame 1, namely the locking release position.
  • the rear plate 12 is once moved downwardly along the lower U-shaped notch 25 to cause the upper U-shaped notch 24 to be dismounted from the projection 26.
  • the notch 25 is dismounted from the other projection 27.
  • the above-described dismounting procedure may be performed in the reverse direction.
  • Figure 2 is a side view of the line printer shown in Figure 1, as viewed from the direction of arrow II in Figure 1A.
  • a structure provided on the side of the side wall 8, shown in this drawing, is in principle identical to that provided on the side of the side wall 7 indicated in Figure 1B, and the same reference numerals are employed as those for denoting the corresponding components for the sake of easing understanding.
  • a gear wheel is assembled into the structure provided on the side of the side wall 8.
  • the motor 5 is fixed by screws 28 and 29 inside the side wall 8.
  • a pinion 30 is mounted on the rotation shaft of the motor 5.
  • a drive gear 31 is fixed on the rotation shaft 9 of the platen. Then, the pinion 30 is coupled via an intermediate gear 32 with the drive gear 31, and then rotation torque of the motor 5 is transferred to the rotation shaft 9 of the platen at a preselected reduction ratio.
  • Figure 3 is a rear view of the line printer shown in Figure 1A, as viewed from the direction of arrow III in Figure 1A.
  • the notch 16 is formed at a centre of the rear plate 12, and may cause a top portion of the pin 15 formed on the print head 3 to be located thereby (escaped away).
  • a compression coil spring constituting an elastic member is mounted on this pin 15.
  • the compression coil spring is located at the rear portion of the lock lever 17.
  • the lock lever 17 is journalled to the pin 15 in conjunction with the compression coil spring in such a manner that this lock lever 17 can be rotated around this pin 15 as a rotation centre.
  • the rear plate 12 is engaged with the projections 26 and 27 formed on a pair of frame side walls 7 and 8.
  • a connector 34 is mounted on the lower portion of the print head 3 so as to be electrically connected to an external power line.
  • Figure 4 represents operations of the head-up lever 4.
  • Figure 4A indicates the home position of the head-up lever 4.
  • the print head 3 is constructed of a thermal head in this embodiment.
  • the thermal head is made of an integral structure of a heat radiation plate 35, a heating member 36, and a cover member 37.
  • the first pin 20 and the second pin 21 is integrally formed with the head radiation plate 35 made of a metal.
  • Figure 4B illustrates the open position under which the head-up lever 4 is pivoted around the rotation shaft 9 of the platen in the counter-clockwise direction.
  • the cam surface 23 of the head-up lever 4 abuts against the first pin 20 to cause the print head 3 to be separated from the platen 2 against the energizing force of the compression coil spring 14.
  • the print head 3 is pivoted around the second pin 21 as the fulcrum in the counter-clockwise direction. Simultaneously, the top portion of the pin 15 attached to the print head 3 is projected through the notch formed in the back plate 12.
  • Figure 5 represents such a condition that the first pin 20 and the second pin 21, which are integrally formed in the edge portion of the print head 3, are moved.
  • the print head 3 is in pressure contact with the platen 2.
  • the first pin 20 is precisely positioned by the corresponding first guide groove 18, and the print head 3 is correctly positioned with respect to the platen 2.
  • the second pin 21 is engaged with the second guide groove 19 under floating condition, thereby producing play.
  • This play is designed to be, for instance, of the order of 0.4mm. Distortion of the parts as well as the machining tolerance thereof may be absorbed by forming this play.
  • This play can also enable the print head 3 to be easily mounted/dismounted with respect to the side wall 7 of the frame 1 during replacement and assembling of the print head.
  • the edge portions of the first guide groove 18 and the second guide groove 19 are opened, so that the first pin 20 and the second pin 21 can be readily engaged/disengaged with these first and second guide grooves 18 and 19 via the edge portions thereof.
  • Figure 5B indicates a condition under which the print head 3 is separated from the platen 2.
  • the second pin 21 is moved in parallel inside the second guide groove 19 by a distance equal to the play. Subsequently, when the second pin 21 abuts the edge portion of the second guide groove 19, the second pin 21 is moved in a circular motion. As a result, the smooth operation of the head-up lever 4 can be achieved.
  • Figure 6 represents mounting/dismounting operations of the print head 3.
  • Figure 6A illustrates the condition when the print head 3 is assembled in the line printer.
  • the print head 3 is in pressure contact with the platen 2.
  • the print head 3 is held by the rear plate 12 in a fixed condition.
  • Figure 6B represents the condition when the upper edge side of the rear plate 12 is separated from the side wall of the frame.
  • the print head 3 is easily pivoted around the second pin 21, as a rotation centre, in the counter-clockwise direction, so that the print head 3 is separated from the platen 2. Then, since the surface of the heating member 36 is exposed, such a process operation as cleaning can be performed very easily.
  • Figure 6C represents the condition when the rear plate 12 is completely dismounted from the frame.
  • the first pin 20 and the second pin 21 of the print head can be removed from the corresponding guide grooves, with the result that the print head 3 can be completely removed from the frame. As a consequence, the print head can be replaced very easily.
  • both the head-up lever and the bearing of the platen are designed in an integral form. Positioning of the print head with regard to the platen is achieved by the establishment of engagement between the first pin integrally formed on the print head with the first guide groove formed on the side wall of the frame.
  • the print head is energized against the platen by way of a single compression coil located at the near centre position of the platen. This compression coil spring is mounted on the side of the print head.
  • the play is formed at the fulcrum of the head-up lever.
  • the print head is held by a single sheet of the rear plate in the fixing condition. When this rear plate is removed, the print head may be dismounted.
  • the lock lever 17 is pivoted to be dismounted from the space defined between the rear plate 12 and the frame 1.
  • the rear plate 12 is removed from the frame and thus the print head can be removed.
  • the components or parts are commonly utilized and further are made in an integral form, the manufacturing cost of the line printer can be markedly reduced.
  • the line printer can be made compact in size.
  • Figure 7 is a perspective view illustrating one possible arrangement and mode of operation of the lock lever 17. For the sake of clarity, only selected elements of the printer are shown in this Figure.
  • the lock lever 17 is shown in the position for locking the rear plate 12 of the printer to the frame 1.
  • wedge portion 100 of the lock lever 17 is located between projection 26 which extends from the side wall 7 of the frame 1 (not shown in this Figure) and side portion 102 of notch 24 formed in the rear plate 12.
  • Relative movement between the rear plate 12 and the projections 26 and 27 in the directinon of arrow A is prevented by the action of the wedge portion 100 of the lock lever 17 between the projection 26 and the side portion 102 of the notch 24.
  • Movement of the rear plate 12 relative to the projections 26 and 27 in the direction of arrow B is prevented by projecting portion 104 of the notch 24.
  • the lock lever 17 In order to unlock the rear plate 12 from the frame 1 of the printer the lock lever 17 is pivoted about pin 15 in the direction of arrow C.
  • a flange portion 106 may be provided for the operator of the printer to hold.
  • the wedge portion 100 When the lock lever is in the unlocked position, the wedge portion 100 is positioned away from the notch 24.
  • the projection 26 is free to move towards side portion 102 of notch 24 in the direction of arrow A. Further, projection 26 may then be removed completely from notch 24 by movement in the direction of arrow B. Further movement of the rear plate 12 in the direction of arrow B causes projection 27 to abut the top portion 108 of the notch 25.
  • the rear plate 12 is then rotated about projection 27 in a counter-clockwise direction away from the projection 26.
  • the rear plate 12 may then be lifted off the projection 27 (and therefore the frame 1) by means of the open-ended portion 110 of the notch 25.

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  • Common Mechanisms (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Drucker, umfassend einen Rahmen (1) mit zwei im Abstand voneinander angeordneten Seitenwänden (7, 8), eine Andruckwalze (2), welche schwenkbar zwischen den beiden Seitenwänden (7, 8), in denen Führungsnuten (18, 19) vorgesehen sind, gelagert ist, sowie einen Druckkopf (3), welcher zwischen den beiden Seitenwänden (7, 8) eingebaut ist und in Druckkontakt mit der Andruckwalze (2) positionierbar ist,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine erste Führungsnut (18) in mindestens einer der Seitenwände (7, 8) des Rahmens (1) ausgebildet ist und eine zweite Führungsnut (19) in der mindestens einen der Seitenwände (7, 8) des Rahmens (1) ausgebildet ist und ein lösbar in Eingriff mit der ersten Führungsnut (18) stehender erster Stift (20) sowie ein lösbar in Eingriff mit der zweiten Führungsnut (19) stehender zweiter Stift (21) an Randabschnitten des Druckkopfs (3) angeordnet sind.
  2. Drucker nach Anspruch 1, bei dem der Druckkopf (3) durch Herstellung des Eingriffs mit der ersten Führungsnut (18) und der zweiten Führungsnut (19) relativ zur Andruckwalze (2) positioniert wird.
  3. Drucker nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, bei dem der zweite Stift (21) des Druckkopfs (3) durch die zweite Führungsnut (19) in einem schwimmenden Zustand gelagert ist und als freier Drehpunkt dient, wenn der Druckkontakt des Druckkopfs (3) gegenüber der Andruckwalze (2) gelöst wird.
  4. Drucker nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, bei dem der Druckkopf (3) durch eine Kraft, welche an einer Stelle im wesentlichen mittig längs der Länge des Kopfs (3) ausgeübt wird, in Druckkontakt mit der Andruckwalze (2) gebracht wird.
  5. Drucker nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, umfassend eine Platte (12), welche lösbar in Eingriff mit mindestens einer der Seitenwände (7, 8) steht, um den Druckkopf (3) zu halten.
  6. Drucker nach Anspruch 5, bei dem der Druckkopf (3) ein sich an der Platte (12) abstützendes elastisches Element (14) aufweist.
  7. Drucker nach Anspruch 6, bei dem ein Verriegelungshebel (17) zur Drehung relativ zur Platte (12) angebracht ist, wobei die Anordnung derart ist, daß der Hebel (17) zur Verhinderung einer Trennung der Platte (12) von den Seitenwänden (7, 8) betätigbar ist.
  8. Drucker nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, umfassend einen Lösehebel (14) zum Lösen des Druckkopfs (3) aus dem Druckkontakt mit der Andruckwalze, wobei der Lösehebel (4) in Schwenkeingriff mit der Drehwelle (9) der Andruckwalze (2) steht.
  9. Drucker nach Anspruch 8, bei dem der Lösehebel (4) einen Vorsprung umfaßt, wobei der Vorsprung als Lager der Drehwelle (9) der Andruckwalze (2) dient.
  10. Drucker, umfassend einen Rahmen (1) mit zwei im Abstand voneinander angeordneten Seitenwänden (7, 8), in denen Führungsnuten (18, 19) vorgesehen sind, eine Andruckwalze (2) mit einer an den beiden Seitenwänden (7, 8) schwenkbar gelagerten Drehwelle, einen zwischen die Seitenwände (7, 8) eingesetzten Druckkopf (3), welcher in Druckkontakt mit der Andruckwalze (2) positionierbar ist, sowie einen Lösehebel (4) zum Lösen des Druckkopfs (3) aus dem Druckkontakt mit der Andruckwalze (2),
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Lösehebel (4) in Schwenkeingriff mit der Drehwelle (9) der Andruckwalze (2) steht, eine erste Führungsnut (18) in mindestens einer der Seitenwände (7, 8) des Rahmens (1) ausgebildet ist, eine zweite Führungsnut (19) in der mindestens einen der Seitenwände (7, 8) des Rahmens (1) ausgebildet ist, ein lösbar in Eingriff mit der ersten Führungsnut (18) stehender erster Stift (20) und ein lösbar in Eingriff mit der zweiten Führungsnut (19) stehender zweiter Stift (21) an Randabschnitten des Druckkopfs (3) angeordnet sind und eine Platte (12) lösbar in Eingriff mit mindestens einer der Wände (7, 8) steht, um den Druckkopf (3) zu halten.
EP19940309820 1993-12-27 1994-12-23 Drucker Expired - Lifetime EP0659574B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP33358793 1993-12-27
JP333587/93 1993-12-27

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0659574A2 EP0659574A2 (de) 1995-06-28
EP0659574A3 EP0659574A3 (de) 1996-04-03
EP0659574B1 true EP0659574B1 (de) 1999-05-12

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19940309820 Expired - Lifetime EP0659574B1 (de) 1993-12-27 1994-12-23 Drucker

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EP (1) EP0659574B1 (de)
JP (1) JP2000289289A (de)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2760684B1 (fr) 1997-03-11 1999-05-07 Aps Engineering Mecanisme d'impression compact
FR2760685B1 (fr) 1997-03-11 1999-06-04 Aps Engineering Ressort de maintien et compression et son application dans un dispositif d'impression compact
JP6029849B2 (ja) * 2012-05-10 2016-11-24 サトーホールディングス株式会社 プリンタ

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS60255469A (ja) * 1984-06-01 1985-12-17 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 印字機器
JP2543176B2 (ja) * 1989-03-17 1996-10-16 シャープ株式会社 熱記録装置
JP2614126B2 (ja) * 1989-12-11 1997-05-28 セイコー電子工業株式会社 ラインサーマルプリンタ
DE69106946T2 (de) * 1990-06-26 1995-07-06 Seiko Epson Corp Thermozeilendrucker.

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Publication number Publication date
JP2000289289A (ja) 2000-10-17
EP0659574A3 (de) 1996-04-03
EP0659574A2 (de) 1995-06-28

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